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Object Detection Models

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17 views

Object Detection Models

Uploaded by

WaSifAliRajput
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Object Detection

Models
Applications, Techniques, and Comparisons
Presented By: [Participant 1], [Participant 2],
[Participant 3]
Date: [Insert Date]
What is Object Detection?

• Definition:
• Object Detection is a computer vision task that detects objects in
images or videos and localizes them using bounding boxes.

• Tasks Involved:
• - Object Classification: Identifies what the object is.
• - Object Localization: Determines where the object is located.

• Visual Example: Annotated image with bounding boxes showing


pedestrians, cars, and traffic lights.
Importance of Object
Detection

• Why is Object Detection Important?


• - Automation: Enables machines to understand their
environment.
• - Real-Time Analysis: Useful in security, autonomous
vehicles, and robotics.
• - Improved Decision-Making: Helps in making smart
decisions based on real-world data.
• - Wide Applications: Healthcare, manufacturing, retail,
sports, and more.
Key Concepts & Terminology

• - Bounding Box: Marks the object’s position.


• - IoU (Intersection over Union): Accuracy metric for
overlapping predicted and ground-truth boxes.
• - Confidence Score: Probability that a bounding box contains
the correct object.
• - NMS (Non-Maximum Suppression): Eliminates overlapping
bounding boxes.
• - Anchor Boxes: Predefined sizes for detecting objects of
varying scales.
Object Detection Techniques

• Traditional Techniques:
• - Sliding Window: Scans the image at all positions.
• - HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradients): Feature extraction for
object recognition.

• Modern Techniques:
• - Region-Based (R-CNN Family).
• - Single-Shot Detection (YOLO, SSD).
• - Transformer-Based (DETR).
Traditional Methods – Sliding
Window

• How It Works: A fixed window slides over the


image, and each region is classified.

• Limitations:
• - Computationally expensive.
• - Inflexible for objects of varying scales.
Traditional Methods – HOG +
SVM
• HOG: Extracts object features like edges and
gradients.
• SVM (Support Vector Machine): Classifies
regions as containing objects or not.

• Advantages: Effective for simple objects like


pedestrians.
• Limitations: Fails for complex images.
Deep Learning for Object
Detection

• Why Deep Learning?


• - Automatically learns features.
• - Handles complex, large-scale detection.

• Two Main Approaches:


• - Region-Based: R-CNN Family.
• - Single-Shot: YOLO, SSD.
R-CNN Family (Region-Based)

• - R-CNN: Selective Search + CNN for region


classification.
• Slow and computationally expensive.

• - Fast R-CNN: Computes features once for the entire


image.

• - Faster R-CNN: Adds Region Proposal Network (RPN) for


efficiency.
YOLO (You Only Look Once)

• - Single-Pass Detection: Splits the image into a


grid and predicts bounding boxes and classes.

• Advantages: Fast and efficient for real-time


applications.
• Limitations: Struggles with small objects.
SSD (Single Shot MultiBox
Detector)

• - Multi-Scale Detection: Detects objects at


different scales.

• Advantages: Faster and simpler than R-CNN.


• Use Cases: Mobile devices and real-time
applications.
DETR (Transformer-Based
Detection)

• - What is DETR?
• Uses transformers for direct prediction.
• Simplifies the detection pipeline.

• Advantages:
• - No need for anchor boxes.
• - Accurate for complex objects.
Applications of Object
Detection - Autonomous
Vehicles

• Detects pedestrians, cars, and traffic signals.


• Ensures safe navigation through real-time
object detection.
Applications of Object
Detection - Healthcare

• Detects anomalies in X-rays and scans.


• Helps in early diagnosis and treatment of
medical conditions.
Applications of Object
Detection - Retail

• Automates product tracking and inventory


management.
• Enhances shopping experience through smart
systems.
Applications of Object
Detection - Security &
Surveillance

• Enables face detection and intrusion alerts.


• Ensures enhanced safety and threat detection.
Comparison of Models

• Model Speed (FPS) Accuracy


Complexity
• R-CNN Low High High
• YOLO Very High Medium Low
• SSD High Medium Medium
• DETR Medium High High

• Visual: Speed vs Accuracy chart.


Challenges and Future Trends

• Challenges:
• - Real-time processing.
• - Small object detection.

• Future Trends:
• - Lightweight models for edge devices.
• - Multi-modal detection.
• - Improved real-time performance.
• - 3D Object Detection.
Tools and Frameworks for
Object Detection
• Deep Learning Frameworks:
• - TensorFlow
• - PyTorch
• - Keras

• Object Detection Libraries:


• - OpenCV
• - Detectron2
• - MMDetection

• Pre-Trained Models:
• - YOLOv3/v4/v5
• - SSD and Faster R-CNN.
Object Detection Workflow

• 1. Data Collection:
• - Collect annotated images/videos (COCO, Pascal VOC).
• 2. Data Preprocessing:
• - Resize images, normalize pixel values.
• 3. Model Training:
• - Use pre-trained models or train from scratch.
• 4. Model Evaluation:
• - Metrics: IoU, mAP (mean Average Precision).
• 5. Deployment:
• - Deploy on edge devices, cloud, or integrated systems.
Future Trends in Object
Detection

• - Transformer-Based Models: DETR and variants will


simplify architectures.
• - Edge AI and Lightweight Models: Models optimized for
mobile and edge devices.
• - Multi-Modal Inputs: Combining vision, text, and audio
for better detection.
• - Real-Time Enhancements: Faster, low-latency models.
• - 3D Object Detection: Using LIDAR and stereo cameras
for 3D spatial awareness.
Conclusion – Recap Key
Points
• Object detection identifies and localizes objects in images/videos.

• Techniques:
• - Traditional Methods: Sliding Window, HOG + SVM.
• - Deep Learning Methods: R-CNN Family, YOLO, SSD, DETR.

• Popular Models:
• - Faster R-CNN for accuracy.
• - YOLO for real-time performance.
• - DETR for transformer-based detection.

• Applications:
• - Autonomous vehicles, healthcare, surveillance, retail, and more.
Closing Remarks &
Acknowledgments

• Closing Points:
• - Object detection bridges the gap between machines and the real world.
• - Innovations like YOLO and DETR continue to drive progress.

• Acknowledgments:
• - Thank participants, organizers, and team members.

• Final Thought:
• "Object detection enables automation and innovation across industries."

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