LESSON 1:

ELEMENTS OF
ARTS
The materials that the artist uses in creating a work are
the mediums and the elements put together. An element
of art can only be seen in some mediums. This element is
independent of the medium, for instant, a pencil line, or
an ink line. The medium is the physical means through
which we can come into contact with a work of art, and
the elements are its quantities or properties.
Taking off from the scientific reference,
elements of art are related to the atoms that
are defined as the units or “building blocks” of
matter. Elements of art are the aspects of an
artwork that can be isolated from each other.
ELEMENTS OF
ART AND DESIGN
1. LINE
A line refers to a point
moving at an identifiable
path. It is one dimensional
and can vary in length, width
and direction.
Different images of line
 Horizontal lines are associated with calm. It suggests a feeling
of rest or repose.

 Vertical Lines - It signifies elevation or height. It suggests a

feeling of loftiness and spirituality.
Different images of line
 Diagonal lines - It suggests a feeling of movement or direction.

 Curved lines - It suggests comfort, safety, familiarity, and

relaxation.
Different images of line

 Crooked lines or jagged lines- Expresses energy,

violence, and struggle
2. SHAPE
It refers to two dimensions such as height and width.
Two categories of Shapes
a. Geometric - it includes square, circle, oval, triangle
b. Organic - those shapes that are occurring in nature and all
other shapes.
3. SPACE
It is used to create the illusion of depth. It relates to perspective.
It can be:
a. Positive Space - refers to the main focus of a picture. It is
the shape where shadow is heavily used.
b. Negative Space - refers to the background. It is usually
identified with the white space.
4. FORM
Form refers to three dimensions such as
height, width, and depth.
5. COLOR
It is one of the most dominant elements. It is a
property of light, as it is reflected off the object. It
refers to the wavelengths of light.
5. COLOR
Properties of Color
a. Hue- name of color
1. Primary Colors - red, yellow, and blue
2. Secondary Colors - green, orange, and violet
3. Tertiary Colors - these hues are achieved
when primary and secondary colors are mixed.
5. COLOR
b. Value - the lightness or darkness of a color. Each
primary color has a range of values based on the
addition and diminishing quantity and quality of light.
• Tint - this is a lighter color than the normal value
(e.g., pink for red)
• Shade - this is a darker color than the normal value
(e.g., maroon for red)
6. TEXTURE

It is the feel, appearance, thickness, or

stickiness of a surface.
a. Textures in the two-dimensional
plane- texture can be implied by
the use of one technique or a
combination of other elements of
art.
b. Surface texture- refers to the texture
of the three-dimensional art object.
LESSON 2:

PRINCIPLES OF
ART
The principles of art (or the principles
of design) are basically a set of
guidelines that are used in a work of
art to describe how the visual
elements are organized. Perhaps these
values are the closest thing we have to
a set of objective criteria to analyze
and judge art.
1. BALANCE
It is the distribution of elements of the design.
Balance is a visual interpretation of gravity in
the design. Large, dense elements appear to be
heavier while smaller elements appear to be
lighter.
1. BALANCE
It also refers to the visual weight of the elements of the
composition. It is a sense that the painting feels stable and "feels
right." Imbalance causes a feeling of discomfort in the viewer.
Balance is the visual weight distribution within an artwork. The
three types of balance are symmetrical (two sides being the
same), asymmetrical (two sides being different but being
weighted visually equally) and radial (design emerging from the
center).
1. BALANCE
a. Symmetry or Symmetrical
balance. In which both sides of a
composition have the same
elements in the same position, as
in a mirror-image, or the two
sides of a face. Symmetry in
design, the near or exact
matching of left and right sides
of a three-dimensional form or a
two-dimensional composition.
1. BALANCE
b. Asymmetry or Asymmetrical
balance. In which the composition is
balanced due to the contrast of any of
the elements of art. For example, a large
circle on one side of a composition
might be balanced by a small square on
the other side.
c. Radial symmetry. In which elements
are equally spaced around a central
point, as in the spokes coming out of the
hub of a bicycle tire.
2. PATTERN
Artwork is decorated with regularly repeated
elements such as shapes or color.
3. CONTRAST
It is the difference between elements of art in a composition, such that each element is
made stronger in relation to the other. When placed next to each other, contrasting
elements command the viewer's attention. Areas of contrast are among the first places
that a viewer's eye is drawn. Contrast can be achieved by juxtapositions of any of the
elements of art. Negative/Positive space is an example of contrast. Complementary
colors placed side by side is an example of contrast.
4. EMPHASIS
- It’s the creation of a focal point in an artwork.
- Emphasis is a principle of art which occurs any time
an element of a piece is given dominance by the artist.
In other words, the artist makes part of the work
stand out in order to draw the viewer's eye there first.
- It is also used in art to attract the viewer's attention to
a particular area or object. This is typically the focal
point or main subject of the artwork. For instance, in a
portrait painting, the artist usually wants you to see
the person's face first. They will use techniques such
as color, contrast, and placement to make sure that
this area is Any piece of art may have more than one
area of emphasis.
HARMONY
- - It is the “art principle which produces an impression of unity through the selection
and arrangement of consistent objects or ideas. It is the quality which unifies every
part of an arrangement. If there is harmony, there is order. Every orderly
arrangement is harmonious. Unity doesn't necessarily apply to an entire work of art,
it can also apply to an element or elements of a piece of work that could also contain
other forms of expression. But unity always expresses a shared commonality within
a painting or sculpture or textile.
MOVEMENT
- This refers to the direction of the viewing eye as it goes through the
artwork, often guided by areas or elements that are emphasized.
These focal points can be lines, edges, shape and color within the
work of art, among others
RHYTHM
- - It is the regular, uniform or related movement
made through the repetition of a unit or motif. It is
visual movement in a design or arrangement. It is
the basis of mostly all primitive arts because it is
the principle which is most quickly felt. It is the
most universal, dynamic and pleasing art
principle.
- Rhythm is not only applied to the graphic arts
(drawing, printing, and painting) but also to
architecture, music, textiles, laces, furniture,
glassware, dresses, gardening, etc. Rhythm is
classified into formal and informal. Formal or
uniform rhythm is the repetition of a motif in
uniform and regular arrangement while informal
or free rhythm is the repetition of a motif with
variation in its form, size and arrangement.
THANK YOU
AND
GOD BLESS!