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Fire Alarm System

The document provides an overview of fire alarm systems, their basic components and functions. It discusses the key parts of a fire alarm system including the control panel, detectors, sounders, call points and monitoring components. It describes the main types of fire alarm systems as conventional, addressable, intelligent and wireless. The document also outlines different types of detectors such as heat, smoke, carbon monoxide and multi-sensor detectors. It provides details on how different detectors like ionization, optical and beam smoke detectors work to detect fires.

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Mohammed Emam
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304 views

Fire Alarm System

The document provides an overview of fire alarm systems, their basic components and functions. It discusses the key parts of a fire alarm system including the control panel, detectors, sounders, call points and monitoring components. It describes the main types of fire alarm systems as conventional, addressable, intelligent and wireless. The document also outlines different types of detectors such as heat, smoke, carbon monoxide and multi-sensor detectors. It provides details on how different detectors like ionization, optical and beam smoke detectors work to detect fires.

Uploaded by

Mohammed Emam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS

BASIC OPERATIONAL TRAINING


(Fire Systems)

OCTOBER 18, 2021 , 10:00 AM


Eng: Emam
. What is Fire Alarm System?

• The fire alarm system is to detect fires and alert both building occupants and
emergency personnel from a centrally monitored and controlled location.

• These systems also self-monitor, identifying where within the building(s)


alarms originate from and detecting when errors occur in wiring and
connections that may hinder the system from working correctly.

• fire alarm system has four key functions: detect, alert, monitor, and control.
These systems use a network of devices, appliances, and control panels to
carry out these four functions
• A-Detect
• B- Alert
• C- Monitor
• D- Control
Fire Alarm System components
1. FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANAL : ( FACP)
The Brain for thy system is Fire Alarm Control Panel
2 DETRCTORS : (Smoke detector ,Heat detector , etc... )
3 Sounder indication & Lamp indication: (Horn,Bell,stopper )
4 Call Points
5 Pipe networks & Cables
6 Emergency Singe & Emergency Exit Light
Fire Alarm System
3.Sounder indication & Lamp indication

2.
DETRCTORS

1. ( FACP)

4. Call Points
TYPES OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS

1. Conventional
2. Addressable
3. Intelligent
4. Wireless
Conventional
Addressable
Conventional &
Addressable
In the previous two system the
conventional system and the
addressable system the detectors are
not considered intelligent
As they can only give output signals
representing the value of detected
phenomena

It is left up to the control unit to decide


whether there is afire , fault,pre- alarm
or other
Intelligent
Wireless
Types of Fire Alarm Detectors

•  Heat Detector
•  Smoke Detector
•  Carbon Monoxide
•  Multi Sensor Detector
•  Call Point
•  Duct Smoke Detector
•  Gas Detectors
1. Heat Detector

• It will trigger and alarm if the


temperature exceeds a pre-set value
which is called FIXED TEMP HEAT
DETECTOR
• or can work on the rate change in
temperature Delta T=5 ,which is called
RATE –OF-RISE HEAT DETECTOR
• Commonly Head Detector work in
similar way to an electrical fuse.
• The alloy turns from a solid to liquid
which in turn triggers alarm.
2-Smoke Detectors
There are three types of smoke detectors
1- Ionization
2- Light scattering (Optical )
3- light obscuring ( Beam )
1- Ionization

Ionization – Generally Contains Two Chambers


- The first used as reference to compensate for changes in
ambient temperature, humidity or pressure
- he second chambers contain a radio active source usually
2- Light scattering (Optical )
. Light Scatter –
The light scattering smoke detector operates on the Tyndell effect
A phot cell & light source are separated from each other by a darkened chamber

The passage of smoke into the chamber causes the light from the source to be
scattered & full on the phot cell. The photo cell output is being used to initiate on
alarm
3- Light obscuring ( Beam )
Smoke interference with a light -The photo cell measures the amount of
beam between a light source & light it receives
photo cell -The variation in photo cell output is being
used to initiate an alarm.
4-Carbon Monoxide

Carbon Monoxide Detector- Are known also as Co five detectors


-Are electronic detectors used to indicate the out bear of fire, by sensing the level of carbon
monoxide in the air
- Carbon Monoxide is poisonous gas produced by combustion
5-Multi Sensor Detector
Is combine Inputs from both optical & heat The detector return a value based on the
sensor used in electrical rooms & combined response from both the optical and
Mechanical rooms heat sensor to the panel
6-Call Point
A manual call point Or Break Glass Call Point
Is device which enables personnel to raise the alarm
Manual call points should be located on escape routes and, in particular, at
all store exits and all exits to open air that lead to an ultimate place of safety
SPRINKLERS
Z.C.V
Z.C.V

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