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Sampling

This document discusses different types of sampling methods used in research. It defines key terms like population, sample, and element. It describes target and accessible populations. It also explains common sampling methods like simple random sampling, cluster sampling, stratified sampling, snowball sampling, and quota sampling. Cluster sampling involves dividing a population into geographical clusters and then randomly selecting clusters. Stratified sampling ensures subgroups are represented by dividing a population into strata and randomly selecting proportional samples from each strata. Quota sampling selects a sample in proportion to characteristics of the population.

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63 views

Sampling

This document discusses different types of sampling methods used in research. It defines key terms like population, sample, and element. It describes target and accessible populations. It also explains common sampling methods like simple random sampling, cluster sampling, stratified sampling, snowball sampling, and quota sampling. Cluster sampling involves dividing a population into geographical clusters and then randomly selecting clusters. Stratified sampling ensures subgroups are represented by dividing a population into strata and randomly selecting proportional samples from each strata. Quota sampling selects a sample in proportion to characteristics of the population.

Uploaded by

Zerah Luna
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAMPLING

Population- is composed of persons or objects that possess some common


characteristics that are of interest to the researcher.

Two groups of population:


a. Target population- consists of the entire group of people or objects to which
the findings of the study generally apply.

b. Accessible population- is the specific study population.


A parameter is a number describing a whole population (e.g., population mean), while a
statistic is a number describing a sample (e.g., sample mean).

Sample- is a subset of the entire population or a group of individuals that represents the
population and serves as the respondents of the study.

Element- a single member of the sample.


WAYS TO DETERMINE SAMPLE SIZE
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN DETERMINING
THE SAMPLE SIZE
The most common cluster used in research is a geographical cluster. For example, a
researcher wants to survey academic performance of high school students in Spain.
1. He can divide the entire population (population of Spain) into different clusters (cities).
2. Then the researcher selects a number of clusters depending on his research through
simple or systematic random sampling.
3. Then, from the selected clusters (randomly selected cities) the researcher can either
include all the high school students as subjects or he can select a number of subjects
from each cluster through simple or systematic random sampling.
A stratified sample is one that ensures that subgroups (strata) of a given population are
each adequately represented within the whole sample population of a research study. For
example, one might divide a sample of adults into subgroups by age, like 18–29, 30–39,
40–49, 50–59, and 60 and above. To stratify this sample, the researcher would then
randomly select proportional amounts of people from each age group.

Some of the most common strata used in stratified random sampling include age, gender,
religion, race, educational attainment, socioeconomic status, and nationality.

First, it is used when the researcher wants to examine subgroups within a


population. Researchers also use this technique when they want to observe relationships
between two or more subgroups, or when they want to examine the rare extremes of a
population.
Non Probability Sampling
d. Snowball Sampling- referral sampling
Quota sampling is where you take a very tailored sample that’s in proportion to
some characteristic or trait of a population. For example, you could divide a
population by the state they live in, income or education level, or sex. The
population is divided into groups (also called strata) and samples are taken from
each group to meet a quota. Care is taken to maintain the correct proportions
representative of the population. For example, if your population consists of 45%
female and 55% male, your sample should reflect those percentages. Quota
sampling is based on the researcher’s judgment and is considered a
non-probability sampling technique.
Source

Cristobal, A., & dela Cruz-Cristobal, M. (2017). Practical research 2 for senior high
school. C&E.

https://www.editage.com/blog/normality-test-methods-of-assessing-normality/#:~:te
xt=A%20normality%20test%20determines%20whether,research%20have%20a%20normal%
20distribution
.

https://www.thoughtco.com/stratified-sampling-3026731

https://explorable.com/cluster-sampling

https://www.statisticshowto.com/quota-sampling/

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