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A. Lesson 1 - Introduction PCJS

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121 views

A. Lesson 1 - Introduction PCJS

Uploaded by

Bolaños, Richel N.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sorsogon College of Criminology, Inc.

3928 Rizal St., Piot, Sorsogon City


Tel. No.: 211-00-17

Introduction
to
Philippine
Criminal Justice System
(CLJ 1)
Rhymelyn D. Sanchez, RCrim.
Instructor
Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

Introduction
The criminal justice system plays a significant role

in the development of society. The main objective of

this system is to serve justice to all by punishing

offenders and protecting the innocent. As the famous

jurist Sir William Blackstone once said, “It is better

that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent

suffers.”
Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

Criminal Justice System Defined

Criminal Justice System (CJS) is defined as the machinery of the state or


government, which enforces the rules of conduct necessary to protect life
and property, and maintain peace and order.
Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

Primary Goals of the Criminal Justice System

• Maintenance of law and order; and

• Protection of members of society.


Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

Secondary Goals of the Criminal Justice System

• Crime prevention

• Suppression of criminal conduct by apprehending the offenders for whom


prevention is ineffective.

• Review of the legality of preventive and suppressive measures.

• Judicial determination of guilt or innocence of those arrested and/or under trial.

• Legal and proper disposition of those found guilty.

• Correction and rehabilitation of those persons who violates criminal law.


Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

Philosophical Approaches behind Criminal Justice System

• Adversarial Approach- assumes innocence.

• Inquisitorial Approach- assumes guilt.


Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

Principles of Law Adhering in our Criminal Justice System

• Due process of law- means that those who are accused of the crimes and those who are
processed through the criminal justice system must be given the basic rights guaranteed
by the constitution.

• Equal protection clause- this declares that the state may not attempt to create or enforce
statutes against a person solely because of specific characteristics such as race, age or sex.
Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

Criminal Justice System Model

• Crime Control Model- it treats the system as an assembly line wherein the solving and
closing of cases are prioritized over the accused’s constitutional rights.

• Due Process Model- it states that the rights of the accused should be protected.
Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

Basis of the Philippine Criminal Justice System

It is based on the enacted criminal law. Only violations of criminal law are being
considered and processed in the criminal justice system. If there is no violation of criminal
law or where there is no commission of the crime, in general criminal justice as a process
will not operate.
Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

Criminology and Criminal Justice Differentiated

Criminology Criminal Justice System


-Explains the etiology, extent, and nature of -Studies the agencies of social control that
the crime in society. handles criminal offenders.
-Concerned with identifying the nature, -Engage in describing, analyzing, and
extent and causes of crime. explaining the operations of the agencies of
justice.
Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

Crime Defined

• Defined as an act or omission in violation of a


law.

• In Criminological Sense, crime is a violation


of societal rules of behavior.

• In Legal Sense, crime is a voluntary and


intentional violation by legally competent
person.
Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

What Constitutes Crime?


• An act must be voluntary.

• It must be intentional.

• It must be committed by a legally competent person.

• The behavior that constitutes crime can be either an act of commission or an act of
omission.

• A crime is an act that threatens the welfare of the society and is punishable by judicial
proceedings in the name of the state.
Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

How the government convict a person of a crime?

1. An act was committed.


2. The accused did the act voluntarily and with full knowledge of what he or she was
doing.
3. The act resulted from the intent.
4. The act and the intent caused something.
5. That it caused some harm to society.
Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

NOTE:
In the Philippines, if a crime is punished by The Revised Penal Code,
it called a FELONY; if by a Special Law, it is called OFFENSE; if by
an Ordinance, it is called an INFRACTION OF AN ORDINANCE.
That’s all for today.
Thank you!
See you next time.

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