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Chapter 2 Three Phase Load Flow

Three phase Load Flow involves analyzing the load flow conditions of an interconnected power system operating under unbalanced conditions. It determines the state of the system given specified generation, loads, and configuration. The document discusses three phase load flow notation, derivation of equations, and AC-DC load flow formulation which involves analyzing combined AC and DC systems. The key variables and equations relating real and reactive power, voltages, currents, and converter variables are derived to model the general AC-DC system and solve for the operating state through an iterative process.

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Siferaw Negash
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103 views

Chapter 2 Three Phase Load Flow

Three phase Load Flow involves analyzing the load flow conditions of an interconnected power system operating under unbalanced conditions. It determines the state of the system given specified generation, loads, and configuration. The document discusses three phase load flow notation, derivation of equations, and AC-DC load flow formulation which involves analyzing combined AC and DC systems. The key variables and equations relating real and reactive power, voltages, currents, and converter variables are derived to model the general AC-DC system and solve for the operating state through an iterative process.

Uploaded by

Siferaw Negash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 5

Three phase Load Flow


Contents
• Three phase load flow notation
– Specified variables
– Derivation of equation
• AC-DC load flow
– Introduction
– Formulation of problem
– D.C. system model
– Converter variables
– Derivation of equations
– Inverter operation
– Generalized flow chart for equation solution
Three phase load flow notation
• Is load flow of unbalanced operation of
interconnected system
• Objective
– Find the state of 3 phase power system under
specified generation, load and system
configuration
• Total number of bus bars n
• Number of generator buses ng
Specified variables
• Slack bus voltage and angle
• Internal voltage at all other generator buses and
their angles
• The three voltage magnitudes and angles at each
generator terminal
• Individual phase real and reactive power at all
buses
• Voltage regulator spec at each synch machine
• The total real power generation of each machine
Derivation
• Three phase system

• Y matrix is different
– Each phase is represented independently
– All inductive and capacitive mutual couplings are
modeled
Change in power is then
• For each of the three phases and generator
and load bus

• For every generator


• For every generator
AC-DC load flow
• Advantages of HVDC
– Economical
– Means to connect systems of different frequency
– Connects systems with problem of stability or fault
• AC-DC load flow
– Analysis of load flow condition of combined system
– Variables
• Vector of angles
• all voltage at AC buses
• Vector of DC variables
Problem formulation
• Real power mismatch at converter terminal
Problem formulation contd…
• Injected powers

Where x is a vector of DC variables


• The equations derived from ac system are
then
• From the dc system condition

• Where k runs from 1 to number of converters


present
General ac-dc system
• For a general ac-dc system
D.C. system model
• Assumptions for selection of variables
Converter variables
• Balanced condition
– Converter bridges operate identically if attached
to same ac bus bar
Converter variables contd…
• Single phase equivalent circuit
Derivation of equations
• For the above system models

• Fundamental current and dc current are


related as
1
• Is and Ip are related as
2
Derivation of equations contd…
• Dc voltage and ac source are related as

• Dc current and voltage relation

• Real power equation


Derivation of equation contd…
• Transformer is lossless
3

• Fundamental current flow across transformer


4
• Combining 1,2,3 and 4
Final DC model summary
• The power relations
Inverter operation
• During inversion
– Extinction angle is control variable
Generalized flow chart for equation solution

• Iteration equations
AC-DC load
flow

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