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New Developed Indigenous

This document summarizes the development of indigenous psychological tests in the Philippines. It discusses how early tests focused on educational and occupational domains, while later efforts developed indigenous projective tests and personality inventories. It notes that while many tests were developed, the psychometric properties of some have not been thoroughly evaluated. It concludes that further research is still needed to fully understand how dimensions from indigenous Philippine tests relate to dimensions from tests in other cultures.

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Glecy Raz
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602 views

New Developed Indigenous

This document summarizes the development of indigenous psychological tests in the Philippines. It discusses how early tests focused on educational and occupational domains, while later efforts developed indigenous projective tests and personality inventories. It notes that while many tests were developed, the psychometric properties of some have not been thoroughly evaluated. It concludes that further research is still needed to fully understand how dimensions from indigenous Philippine tests relate to dimensions from tests in other cultures.

Uploaded by

Glecy Raz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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New developed

indigenous/local
psychological tests
Using Indigenous Methods

The methods are based on certain interrelated, implicit


assumptions. One is that, to know the Filipino (his
developmental process, personality, relationships with others,
daily activities, motives, values and traditions, perceptions,
beliefs and attitudes, goals; the unique social institutions he
builds as an expression of his character). To help us gather a
fruitful data using indigenous methods – including
pagmamasid, pakikiramdam, pagsubok, pagdalaw-dalaw,
pakikialam, pakikilahok, pakikisangkot, pakikipanayam.
Indigenous instruments

The Philippines has been a leader in the development of indigenous


instruments and research methods. Enriquez (1994b) credits
Sinforoso Padilla with the development of the first local test, the
Philippine Mental Abilities Test, which was developed in the 1950s (
Carlota, 1999). Ortega and Guanzon-Lapeña (cited in
Guanzon-Lapeña, Church, Carlota, & Katigbak, 1998) noted that
more than 200 local measures have now been developed. But
according to Bernardo (1997b), many of these measures have not
been described in published sources, so they are not readily available
and the extent to which they are valid and culture-specific is unclear.
 

Early and continuing efforts have been made to develop


local tests of educational and occupational aptitude,
achievement, and interest.
College Scholastic Aptitude Test (CSAT)
Philippine Aptitude Classification Test (PACT)
Philippine Occupational Interest Survey (POIS)
According to Buen (1994), the POIS was developed by
the Center for Education Measurement, which stands
as a testing and research centre serving the private
educational sector. These tests look like, in both
content and format, comparable tests in the United
States.
Philippine Indigenized Preschool and Primary Intelligence
Test by Taylor (1993) and the content-indigenized subtests
for rural children developed by Katigbak and Church (
Church & Katigbak, 1987; Church, Katigbak, &
Almario-Velazco, 1985; see also Guthrie, Tayag
, & Jacobs, 1977). The two tests were more indigenous in
content but also relying on Western item formats.
In line with this, many Filipinos were inspired to develop a tool that is
locally made and they were:
Velazco (1985) and Church et al. (1985) described the development
of indigenous rating scales that can be used to assess adaptive
competencies of rural preschoolers based on parents' conceptions of
intelligence.
Ledesma, Diputado, Orteza, and Santillan (1993) developed a "de-
Westernized" dementia screening scale.
 
In the personality domain, indigenous projective tests have been
developed beginning with the efforts of A.V. Lagmay:
Philippine Thematic Apperception Test (PTAT; A.V. Lagmay, 1965)
Philippine Children's Apperception Test (PCAT; A.V. Lagmay, 1975a, b)
*The PTAT and PCAT have sometimes been used to elicit values or
concerns of particular groups, rather than to measure individual
differences in personality (e.g., Carandang, 1996; L.A. Lagmay, 1993).
 
Other indigenous projective tests include:
Family Welfare Cards (Jurilla, 1986)
Crime Picture Interpretation Test (see Lamug, 1987)
*Other researchers have also used indigenous thematic
content or sentence completion stems (e.g.,
Gonzalez-Fernando, 2000; Laguisma-Sison, 2000;
Puente, 2000).
The two most prominent multidimensional personality inventories
are:
Panukat ng Pagkataong Pilipino (PPP; Carlota, 1985)
Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP; Enriquez & Guanzon, 1985; see
also Guanzon-Lapeña et al., 1998)
*Whose authors selected the traits to include by drawing on the
literature on Filipino personality, person descriptions, and cultural
informants
While other like:
Church, Katigbak, Reyes, and colleagues developed indigenous measures of
personality and mood dimensions using a comprehensive lexical approach (
Church et al., 1996, 1997, 1998a, 1998b, 1999).
Katigbak, Church, and colleagues developed a multidimensional measure based
on Filipino college students' conceptions of healthy and unhealthy personality (
Church & Katigbak, 1989; Katigbak, Church, & Akamine, 1996).
Indigenous self-concept measures have been constructed by Pasao (1987) and
Agbing (1988)
For further development of new indigenous/local
psychological tests
Some information on the structure, reliability, and validity of
selected personality measures can be found in the original sources
and in reviews by Carlota (1985), Guanzon-Lapeña et al. (1998), and
Church and Katigbak (2000a, b). However, as Carlota (1999) noted,
there is a strong need for further research on the psychometric
properties of the indigenous measures. Although many of the trait
dimensions assessed by these inventories seem similar to those in
Western inventories, others seem especially salient for Filipinos.
There has been very little research on how the dimensions
of these measures relate to those in other cultures.
Recently, however, Katigbak et al. (2002) found considerable
overlap between the dimensions of three indigenous
inventories and the dimensions of the five-factor model (
McCrae & Costa, 1997). Such studies are consistent with a
cross-indigenous approach to evolving a universal
psychology.
 

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