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Chemistry AIP - A Overview On RIL Refinery

The document provides an overview of how an oil refinery works. It begins by defining an oil refinery as a process that converts crude oil into useful products like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. It then discusses the key steps: (1) crude oil arrives via pipelines or tankers, (2) fractional distillation separates the crude oil into fractions with different boiling points, (3) additional processing units like reformers and crackers further break down the molecules to produce octane boosters and lighter fuels, (4) the products are blended and stored in terminals, (5) the main end products include LPG, gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and petrochemical feedstocks.

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Samanyu
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90 views

Chemistry AIP - A Overview On RIL Refinery

The document provides an overview of how an oil refinery works. It begins by defining an oil refinery as a process that converts crude oil into useful products like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. It then discusses the key steps: (1) crude oil arrives via pipelines or tankers, (2) fractional distillation separates the crude oil into fractions with different boiling points, (3) additional processing units like reformers and crackers further break down the molecules to produce octane boosters and lighter fuels, (4) the products are blended and stored in terminals, (5) the main end products include LPG, gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and petrochemical feedstocks.

Uploaded by

Samanyu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

A Overview On RIL Refinery

Made By Samanyu
Index
1. What is a Refinery?
2. Crude Oil
3. History Of RIL Refinery?
4. How Does A Oil Refinery Work?
1. Infographic
2. Arrival Of Crude Oil
3. Fractional Distillation
4. Reformer, Alkylation Unit, Cracking Units, Coker
5. Blending
6. Oil Terminal
7. What Are The End Products?
5. Acknowledgement
Refinery
What is a Refinery?
Oil Refinery, Is The Process By Which Crude Oil Changes Into
High-octane Motor Fuel (Gasoline/petrol), Diesel Oil, Liquefied
Petroleum Gases (LPG), Jet/Aircraft Fuel, Kerosene, Heating Fuel
Oils, Lubricating Oils, Asphalt And Petroleum Coke.
Crude Oil & Petroleum
Crude Oil Is Made Up Of Mainly Hydrocarbons-
Compounds Consisting Of Hydrogen & Carbon.

Petroleum is a mixture of a very large number of different


hydrocarbons; the most commonly found molecules are
alkanes (paraffins), cycloalkanes (naphthenes), aromatic
hydrocarbons, or more complicated chemicals like
asphaltenes. Each petroleum variety has a unique mix of
molecules, which define its physical and chemical
properties, like color and viscosity.
History Of RIL Refinery

RIL Refinery
This is a public sector crude oil refinery owned by Chennai Petroleum
Corporation Limited (A Subsidiary Of OIL India Limited) in North
Chennai.

01 The Manali Refinery in Chennai has a capacity of 12.5 million tonnes


per year.
02 The first refinery complex of CPCL was commissioned in 1969 with
a capacity of 2.5 MMTPA.

03 The main products of the refinery are LPG, Motor Spirit, Superior
Kerosene, Aviation Turbine Fuel, High Speed Diesel, Naphtha, Bitumen,
Lube Base Stocks, Paraffin Wax, Fuel Oil, Hexane and Petrochemical
feed stocks.
How Does A Oil
Refinery Work
Infographic
Arrival Of Crude Oil
First Step:

Crude Oil Comes From The Oil Rigs Or Oil Tankers Or


Pipelines Connected From The Oil Platforms To The Oil
Plant.
Fractional Distillation
Second Step:

Crude oil contains a variety of hydrocarbons that have different boiling


points. To separate these compounds, the oil is first sent to a boiler where it is
heated into a super-hot mixture of liquid and vapour called the feed.

The mixture is then fed into a distillation tower. In here, the compounds with
a lower boiling point rise up as vapours, while the compounds with a higher
boiling point fall downwards as liquids.

The tower contains trays that allow the vapour to bubble upward through the
liquid, helping to exchange heat and resulting in more effective separation.
The distilled products are then piped off from the different levels of the
tower. These separated products are called fractions or distillates.

This process may take place along multiple distillation towers.


Reformer, Alkylation Unit
Third Step:

Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert


petroleum refinery naphthas distilled from crude oil into high-
octane liquid products called reformates, which are premium
blending stocks for high-octane gasoline. The process converts
low-octane linear hydrocarbons called paraffins into isoparaffins
and cyclic naphthene, which are then partially dehydrogenated to
produce high-octane aromatic hydrocarbons.

Alkylation, is a chemical process in which light, gaseous


hydrocarbons are combined to produce high-octane components
of gasoline. The light hydrocarbons consist of olefins such as
propylene and butylene and isoparaffins.
Cracking Units, Coker
Third Step:

Cracking, in petroleum refining, the process by which heavy


hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by
means of heat and usually pressure and sometimes catalysts.
Cracking is a important process for the commercial production of
gasoline and diesel fuel.

A coker unit is an oil refinery processing unit that converts the


residual oil from the vacuum distillation column into low molecular
weight hydrocarbon gases, naphtha, light and heavy gas oils, and
petroleum coke. The process thermally cracks the long chain
hydrocarbon molecules in the residual oil feed into shorter chain
molecules leaving behind the excess carbon in the form of
petroleum coke.
Blending
Fourth Step:

Gasoline blending is the final step in a refinery’s operation that


blends different component streams into various grades of
gasoline. Optimization of the blending process can have a
significant impact on quality control, inventory control,
throughput of the entire process, and product processing costs.

The use of methanol as a fuel, both directly and as a blend


component in gasoline, has increased significantly in recent
years. As a fuel oxygenate, methanol improves combustion
properties,
reduces harmful emissions and boosts fuel octane rating.
Oil Terminals
Fifth Step:

An oil terminal (also called a tank farm, oil installation or oil


depot) is an industrial facility for the storage of oil, petroleum
and petrochemical products, and from which these products are
transported to end users or other storage facilities. An oil
terminal typically has a variety of above or below ground
tankage; facilities for inter-tank transfer; pumping facilities;
loading gantries for filling road tankers or barges; ship
loading/unloading equipment at marine terminals; and pipeline
connections.
What are the End Products
End Products
These Are The End Products That Are Mainly Being Used Locally (India) & Only
Naphtha and Jet Fuel Exported To Foreign Countries

01 LPG – For Domestic & Industrial Fuel


02 Propylene - Feedstock for Polypropylene
03 Naphtha - Feedstock for Petrochemicals
04 Gasoline & Diesel – For Transport fuel
05 Sulphur - Feedstock for fertilizers and pharmaceuticals

06 Petroleum Coke - Fuel for power plants & cement plants


07 Jet /Aviation Turbine Fuel - Aviation fuel
End Products – Paraffins
Paraffins refer to alkanes such as methane, ethane,
propane, n and iso butane, n and iso pentane. These
compounds are primarily obtained as a gas fraction
from the crude distillation unit.

Examples: Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane,


Pentane, Hexane
End Products - Naphthene
Naphthene/Cycloalkanes such as cyclopropane,
methyl cyclohexane are also present in the crude oil. These
compounds are not aromatic and hence do not contribute
much to the octane number. Therefore, in the reforming
reaction, these compounds are targeted to generate aromatics
which have higher octane numbers than the naphthene.

Examples: Cyclopropane, Cyclobutane, Cyclopentane,


Cyclohexane, Methyl Cyclohexane
End Products – Aromatics
Aromatics such as benzene, toluene o/m/p-xylene are
also available in the crude oil. These contribute towards
higher octane number products and the target is to
maximize their quantity in a refinery process.

Examples: Benzene, Toluene


Acknowledgment
1. Template - Nulivo Market - nulivo.com
2. Fonts - Nexa Bold - Svet Simov
Metropolis Font - Chris Simpson
Gotham Bold - gq.com
3. CPCL - bit.ly/3jRTxXU
4. Wikipedia – bit.ly/3mv2YOD
5. Britannica - bit.ly/3jyLxIk
6. FesTanks - bit.ly/3oqHh0U
7. Images - Google, DuckDuckGo, Microsoft Bing, Adobe Stock
Thank You For
Your Attention

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