Automatic Greenhouse Monitoring

and Control
Project by Challa Mukund Saianth
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CONTENTS

 Introduction
 Block diagram
 Schematic diagram
 Hardware & Software requirements
 NodeMCU board
 Working
 Advantages
 Applications
 Future scope
 Conclusion
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INTRODUCTION
 We live in the world where every thing can be controlled and operated
automatically, but there are still few sectors in our country where automation has
not been adopted or not being put to a full-fledged use, perhaps because of several
reason one such reason is cost and one such field is ‘Agriculture’.
 Agriculture has been one of the primary occupations of man since early civilization
and even today manual interventions in farming are inevitable.
 Greenhouse form an important part of the agriculture and horticulture sectors in
our country as they can be used to grow plants under controlled climatic conditions
for optimal growth.
 Greenhouse technology is the technique of providing favorable environmental
conditions for plants. It replaces the direct supervision. Now a day, due to
urbanization and lack of land availability there is a great need to construct the
greenhouse, which will be revered
mainly for growing crops.
 Greenhouse monitoring and controlling projects is used to measure the various
parameters like temperature ,humidity, light, water level,soil moisture,harmful
gases that are present.
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
 Firstly the data is obtained from DHT11,MQ2,LDR,Ultrasonic,Soil
Moisture sensors and is sent to Blynk,OM2M servers.
 If the photosresitor is off then the artificial lights connected to the relay
turns on.
 If the soil moisture percentange is less than minimum percentage required
then the water pump turns on.
 If the water in the tank is less then the water motor turns on.
 If the greenhouse room temperature is greater than the ideal
temperature then the cooling fans kick in.
 If there are any harmful gases or smoke then the alarm rings notifying the
user through the application and exhaust fans turns on to pump out the
harmful gases and smoke.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

 NodeMCU (ESP8266)
 DHT-11 Sensor
 LDR Sensor
 MQ-2 Gas Sensor
 ULTRASONIC Sensor
 Soil Moisture Sensor
 Buzzer
 4 – Channel Relay Module
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Pin Description of NodeMCU

NodeMCU
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(ESP8266)
 NodeMCU is an open-source Lua based firmware and development board
specially targeted for IoT based Applications.

 It includes firmware that runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from

Espressif Systems, and hardware which is based on the ESP-12 module.

 The main reason to select this is because it is inexpensive and has an in

built Wi-Fi module.

 It is like Arduino so can be coded using Arduino IDE software.

 It contains 10 General Purpose Input/output pins for interfacing with

devices.
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DHT-11 Sensor
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DHT-11 Sensor
 DHT11 is a low-cost digital sensor for sensing temperature and humidity.
 This sensor can be easily interfaced with any micro-controller such as
Arduino, Raspberry Pi etc… to measure humidity and temperature
instantaneously.
 Operating Voltage: 3.5V to 5.5V
 Operating current: 0.3mA (measuring) 60uA (standby)
 Output: Serial data
 Temperature Range: 0°C to 50°C
 Humidity Range: 20% to 90%
 Resolution: Temperature and Humidity both are 16-bit
 Accuracy: ±1°C and ±1%
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MQ-2 Gas Sensor

 A gas sensor is a device which detects the presence or concentration of gases
in the atmosphere.
 Based on the concentration of the gas the sensor produces a corresponding
potential difference by changing the resistance of the material inside the
sensor, which can be measured as output voltage.
 Based on this voltage value the type and concentration of the gas can be
estimated.
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LDR Sensor
 Photo resistors, also known as light dependent resistors (LDR), are
light sensitive devices most often used to indicate the presence or
absence of light, or to measure the light intensity.

 In the dark, their resistance is very high,

sometimes up to 1MΩ, but when the LDR sensor
is exposed to light, the resistance drops
dramatically, even down to a few ohms, depending
on the light intensity.

 LDRs have a sensitivity that varies with the wavelength

of the light applied and are nonlinear devices.

They are used in many applications but are sometimes made obsolete
by other devices such as photodiodes and phototransistors.
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Ultrasonic Sensor
 The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor uses SONAR to determine the
distance of an object just like the bats do.

 It offers excellent non-contact range

detection with high accuracy and stable readings
in an easy-to-use package from 2 cm to 400 cm
or 1” to 13 feet.

 The operation is not affected by sunlight or

black material, although acoustically, soft
materials like cloth can be difficult to detect.

 It comes complete with ultrasonic transmitter and receiver module.

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Soil Moisture Sensor

 Soil Moisture Sensor is a simple breakout for
Measuring the moisture in soil and similar materials.
 The soil moisture sensor is pretty straight
Forward to use.
 The two large exposed pads function as
probes for the sensor, together acting as a variable
resistor.
 The more water that is in the soil means the better
the conductivity between the pads will be and will
result in a lower resistance, and a higher SIGout[13].
It is generally used in greenhouses to control water supply
mentioned below.
Specifications:
 Working voltage: 5V
 Working current: <20 mA
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Buzzer
 Rated Voltage: 6V DC  Resonant Frequency: ~2300 Hz 
 Operating Voltage: 4-8V DC  Small and neat sealed package
 Rated current: <30mA  Breadboard and Perf board
friendly
 Sound Type: Continuous Beep
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4 – Channel Relay Module

 The four-channel relay module contains four 5V
relays and the associated switching and isolating
components, which makes interfacing with a
microcontroller or sensor easy with minimum
components and connections.

 The contacts on each relay are specified for

250VAC and 30VDC and 10A in each case, as marked
on the body of the relays.
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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

 Arduino

 Postman

 OM2M

 Blynk
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ARDUINO
 The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a cross-
platform application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in
functions from C and C++.
 It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino compatible boards,
but also, with the help of third-party cores, other vendor development
boards.
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POSTMAN

 Postman is a popular API client that makes it easy for developers to

create, share, test and document APIs.
 This is done by allowing users to create and save simple and complex
HTTP/s requests, as well as read their responses.
 The result – more efficient and less tedious work.
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OM2M
 OM2M implements oneM2M and SmartM2M standard. It provides a
horizontal Service Common Entity (CSE) that can be deployed in an M2M
server, a gateway, or a device.
 Each CSE provides Application Enablement, Security, Triggering,
Notification, Persistency, Device Interworking, Device Management, etc.
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BLYNK
 Blynk was designed for the Internet of Things.
 It can control hardware remotely, it can display sensor data, and it can
store data, visualize it and do many other
cool things.
 There are three major components in the platform: Blynk Server -
responsible for all the communications between the Smartphone and
hardware.
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SOFTWARE FLOWCHART
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Applications of the system

Monitoring of soil moisture percentage, temperature, humidity to

prevent crop damages.

We can use this system to monitor any kind of crops.

Use this system to monitor concrete setting.

 Use this system to monitor building moisture levels.

Monitoring of room temperature like vegetable and fruits warehouses.
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ADVANTAGES

Benefits of automated control systems in a greenhouse :

Creates and maintains an ideal environment.

Reduces energy costs. ...
Combats location issues. ...
Automation can be customized.
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FUTURE SCOPE

 To implement a simple and low price monitoring system by means of temperature

& humidity sensor DHT11, Soil moisture sensor , Ultrasonic Sensor and esp-8266
(Wi-Fi module) to collect environment changes and transmit this data to the local
server through Wi-Fi And monitor the real time progress through Blynk App. In future
analyse and predict the temperature,humidity,moisture level using Random Matrix
Theory