SHAIKH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

15/2, Abu Campus, Adjacent to Rani Chennamma University,

Bhootramanhatti, Belagavi -591113

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Seminar Presentation On

Intelligent trash bin for automatic waste segregation and

monitoring system”
Project Submitted By Under the Guidance of
Miss. SOBIYA TALIB (USN: 2HA17CS017) Prof. GAUTAM .A. DEMATTI
Abstract
In the recent years, one of the underlying effects of a growing population is
environmental hazard. Of these problems, the increasing amount of trash is the most
critical. In this project, Internet-of-Things were utilized to design an automatic waste
segregation system. Specifically, we developed a trash bin equipped with sensors, which
can intelligently segregate waste system that provides monitoring report of waste
collection. Image recognition was used to process automatic classification of trash using
machine learning technique. Upon training more than 2000 samples for biodegradable and
non-biodegradable waste, the developed prototyped were able to classify trash efficiently.
An efficient method to dispose the waste has been designed in our project, “automatic
waste segregator and monitoring system”. This paper proposes an automatic waste
segregator (AWS) which is a cheap, easy to use solution for a segregation system at
households, so that the waste can be sent directly for processing.
Content
 Introduction
 Literature Survey
 WSMS Applications
 WSMS Architecture
 Methodology
 Advantages & disadvantages
 Challenges
 Implementation
 Solid Waste Management
 Feasibility
 Future Scope
 Conclusion
 References
Introduction
 The world’s population has been continuously increasing at a rapid rate. There are over 7 billion people in the
present age. The accompanying issue to this problem is the growing amount of trash. To deal with this, waste
management is seen as one of the most effective tools in solving the problem. According to the Waste
Management Resources of the UK, waste management refers to the collection, transportation, disposal or
recycling and monitoring of waste. This term is assigned to the waste material that is produced through
human-being activity. Most of the trash that are thrown out to garbage bins undergo this process but with a
growing demand and a lack of centralized system, complications still arise.
 In the Philippines, when typhoon Ondoy happened it caused millions of waters hit around the country that the
cyclone of Ondoy’s left 10 times behind the usual garbage accumulated in Metro Manila. Mismanagement of
waste has serious environmental consequences such as water contamination, local flooding, air and water
pollution, spread of disease and global warming. Improper disposal of hazardous waste causes adverse effects
on human health and environment. The Philippine’s trash increased by 40 percent in previous years and the
ocean found 1,355,236 items of trash. The lists of the garbage in the ocean were plastic bags, paper bags, food
wrappers, clothing, shoes, cigarette and tobacco that can cause poison and toxic in the ocean.
Introduction
 Improper waste disposal is both an environment and economic issue that the world is
facing. It is taking huge amounts of financial resources from governments, especially in
developing countries like the Philippines. A study conducted by the Senate Economic
Planning Office (SEPO) has stated that almost 37,427 tons of waste are being disposed
per day in the Philippines during 2012. In 2016, it increased to 40,087 tons per day. Of
all the cities in the National Capital Region (NCR), Manila is one of the cities that
generates the largest volume of waste, which is 9,212 tons per day.
 In this digital age, many people-whether as individuals or big companies-have already
integrated technology into their own projects and business models. Embedding the
Internet of Things (IoT) into a waste management facility is a promising approach that
will help shape the future of our cities. For a waste management system to be effective
in this project, sensors were used to integrated along with a monitoring platform.
Fig 1:Vision for dustbin
Literature Survey

According to Shephali Rakhunde

A Smart Waste Bin for Smart Waste Management proposed by [1], In this paper, the system consists of
sensors to measure the weight of waste and the level of waste inside the bin. Bluetooth is attached for short
range communication.

According to Shreya Ghavghave

The researchers [2] suggests the method for garbage management which is as follows. In this paper,
Arduino UNO to check the level of garbage filled in the dustbin and sends the alert to the municipal web server
once if garbage is filled. After cleaning the dustbin, the driver confirms the task of emptying the garbage with
the aid of RFID Tag. RFID is a computing technology that is used for verification process and in addition, it
also enhances the smart garbage alert system by providing automatic identification of garbage filled in the
dustbin and sends the status of clean-up to the server affirming that the work is done.
Literature Survey Continued

According to Sharaddha Jagtap

The researchers [3] suggests the method for garbage management which is as follows.
In this paper the system makes use of Arduino Uno board, LCD screen, GSM modem for
sending data. The system is powered by a 12V transformer. The LCD screen is used to
display the status of the level of garbage collected in the bins. Whereas GSM is built to
show the status to the user, monitoring it with SMS. The SMS consists of text related to all
garbage bins. The LCD screen shows the status of the garbage level. The system puts on
LCD screen continuously monitoring of garbage with Arduino board.
Literature Survey Continued

According to Priyanka Chimegaokar

Currently, The researchers [4] suggests the method for garbage management which is
as follows. In this paper the bin was connected with a microcontroller-based system which
had IR wireless system with a main central system that shows the current status of the
garbage bin. The status was seen on a mobile based web browser with html page by using
Wi-Fi. in this system to reduce the cost they used weight sensor and on the sender’s side
they used a Wi-Fi module to send and receive the data. In the end the weight sensor only
detects the weight of the garbage in the bin but not the level of waste.
Literature Survey Continued

According to KalsiwalMansai
KalsiwalMansai [5] proposed model of Garbage Management using Internet of Things
for Smart Cities in organizing the garbage collection system of residential or commercial
areas. In the proposed system, the level of waste material in the garbage bin has been
detected with the help of ultrasonic sensor and it will continuously communicate to the
authorized control room through GSM module. Microcontroller is used to interface the
sensor system with GSM system. A GUI is also developed to supervise the desired
information related to the garbage for various selected locations. The main feature that
differs from other systems is that MATLAB based GUI. In this system there is a
requirement of master and slave units. Slave unit is placed in the garbage bin likely wise
master unit is placed at the control room. Slave unit consists of Arduino Uno board which
has Atmega328 IC, ultrasonic sensor and GSM module. The entire circuit is placed at top
of the dustbin. In ultrasonic sensor, the trigger pulse is continuously sent in the dustbin and
echo pulse reflects back to ultrasonic sensor.
Applications

 Empowered Swach Bharat Mission.

 e-Governance Based on Digital India.
 Reduce environmental pollution.
 Real time based cleaning of our cities.
 It makes our system transparent between municipal corporation, workers and public.
Architecture

Fig 2: Architecture framework

Architecture

a. There are two main modules in this project: Automatic Waste Segregator and Waste Monitoring System.
The Automatic Waste Segregation Module is used simply to classify a trash thrown into the trash can and
once classified, puts it in the proper bin by tilting. The Waste Monitoring System then monitors the inside
of the trash can and reports it.
b. The sub modules of the system are as follows:
c. Image Recognition Module. This module will let the system know what kind of garbage is tossed inside
the trash can. To be able to recognize what category the thrown trash is with an acceptable accuracy,
Machine Learning and TensorFlow are used to retrain the model, Inception V3 .
d. Monitoring Module. This module uses its sensors to detect the fill level of the trash bins, the temperature
and humidity, and `suspicious` activity .
e. Data Reporting Module. Using the data gathered from the monitoring module, it sends the data to the
database. A website is used for viewing the data. Figures 2 and 3 show the sample data reports from the
website.
Architecture
a. The materials that are used in this project are as follows:
b. Raspberry Pi 3 B+. This is the main computer used for the Automatic Waste Segregation Module. This
sufficiently handles the image processing of the captured images at an inexpensive price .
c. Raspberry Pi Camera v2. This is the camera used for taking pictures of the trash .
d. Servo Motor. This is used to tilt the trash container after it has been classified.
e. LinkIt One. This computer is used for the Monitoring System module. This comes with sensors that are
immediately usable by using its Grove Shield .
f. IR Collision Sensor. An IR Sensor that detects an object within a certain distance.
g. Ultrasonic Sensor. HC-SR04 is a sensor that can measure the distance to an object. This monitors the fill
level of the bin . Also, this is used to detect whether the trash was thrown inside.
h. Temperature and Humidity Sensor. DHT11 is a sensor that measures the temperature and humidity of the
inside of the trash can.
i. GPS Module. A module included in the LinkIt ONE package. It returns the current GPS info of the board.
This may include GPGGA, GPGSA, GPRMC, GPVTG, GPGSV, GLGSV, GLGSA, BDGSV and BDGSA.
However, in code, data taken from the previous information are the longitude and the latitude.
Methodology
 REDUCE
Use less, buy less, avoid waste. Ex:plastic

 REUSE
Use things more than once, use cloth shopping bags. Ex:cloths

 RECYCLE
Separate waste materials so that the recyclable product can be transformed into
something new. Ex:paper
Methodology
 An ultrasonic sensor will be placed on the interior side of the lid, the one facing the
solid waste.
 As trash increases, the distance between the ultrasonic and the trash decreases.
 This live data will be sent to our micro-controller.
 Micro-controller then processes the data and sends to thingspeak with the help of Wi-Fi
module.

Fig.1 The waste Hierarchy

Advantages
 Site is a cheap waste disposal option for the local council.
 Jobs will be created for local people.
 The gases given off by the landfill site could be collected and used for generating power.
 Reduced cost of maintenance.
 It will reduce fuel consumption.
 Keeps the environment clean and fresh.
 Reduces environmental pollution.
Disadvantages

 The site will look ugly while it is being used for landfill.
 Dangerous gases are given off from landfill sites that cause local air pollution and contribute to global
warming.
 Required skilled labour.
 High energy requirement.
 The chemicals that would be released into the air could be strong pollutants and may destroy ozone layer.
 The practices are not done uniformly.
 Garbage segregation is very difficult.
Challenges

 One of the main challenges related to waste management is seen as

promoting recycling while making sure consumers are protected from toxic
substances which can be found in waste.
 REACH Regulation regulates chemicals contained in products, with the aim
of protecting consumer health and the environment. Although the REACH
Regulation does not apply to waste, it applies to materials leaving the waste
regime after recycling (reaching 'end-of-waste' status)
 Recyclers have to determine whether the substances present in products they
manufacture (including any impurities) have hazardous properties.
 Because of varying data collection and reporting methods on waste,
statistics can be unreliable, both in terms of quality and comparability.
Unclear.
Challenges

 Weaker norms outside the EU create incentives for economic operators to

export waste for treatment, especially to Asia. Illegal shipments are also a
concern. Recycling is not only about quantity, but also about quality.
 Energy recovery of waste (also called 'waste-to-energy') can in some cases
compete with recycling as a waste treatment method. Waste-to-energy is
generally preferable to landfilling and enables the generation of heat and
electricity.
 Although waste prevention is at the top of the waste hierarchy, Because of
its cross-cutting character, waste prevention relates to many areas beyond
the realm of waste management (such as the design, production and
consumption of goods). Lack of appropriate data also makes it difficult to
track progress.
Implementation
How we collect the garbage optimally from these dustbins for this purpose we can use
following three scheduling Algorithm.
 Fixed Scheduling:-
Collection process carried out after fixed interval. The travelling salesman problem
algorithm used for route planning.
 Priority Scheduling:-
The dustbins are collected according to the decreasing current fill up status.
 Average Threshold Scheduling:-
We first find out the average of all fill up status of all dustbins. Then if average is
greater than some threshold like 70% then schedule the collection process.
Solid waste management

The solid waste management has the following components.

 Identification of waste and its minimization at the source.
 Collection, segregation and storage at the site of collection.
 Transportation
 Treatment
 Energy recovery
 Disposal

Fig.2 solid waste management

Feasibility

The feasibility of this project depends upon the

Durability

Affordability

Prevention against damage

Maintenance issues
of these smart dustbins.
Since the technology is new in India, proper awareness should be created among the
public before it is implemented on a large scale.
Practical uses
 Accurate estimate of garbage can be done with increasing no. to ultrasonic sensor to
measure height and width of garbage.
 Then this concept can be applied to big garbage bin that municipal corporation puts in
an area.
 There after municipal corporation will know when to collect garbage hence
requirement of manpower will be reduced.

Fig.4 Municipal Wastes

Types of solid wastes

Solid wastes are generally classified in three general categories

 Municipal Wastes:-

Municipal Wastes include waste from residential, commercial, open areas such as parks,
streets, playgrounds etc.And treatment plant waste these include wastes such as, garbage,
rubbish, ashes, construction wastes, special wastes, treatment plant wastes, principally
composed of residual sludges.

 Industrial Wastes:-
Industrial wastes are those wastes arising from industrial activities and typically include
rubbish, ashes, construction wastes.
 Hazardous wastes:-
Wastes that pose a substantial danger immediately or over a period of time to human, plants,
or animal life are classified as hazardous wastes.
Future scope

 It can be made durable, by making it compact and cost Effective.

 Two bins can be placed to collect wet and dry waste separately.
 Wet waste can be decomposed and used for making biogas.
 Using methane and smell sensors, differentiation can be made between dry trash bin
and wet trash bin collecting plastic dry waste and biodegradable waste respectively.
Conclusion
 This project aims to help in garbage collecting and in segregating of waste through the
use of sensors for garbage collection and machine learning for waste segregation.
 With the current build of the monitoring system,it was able to record and interpret data
which helped in knowing when and where to collect the trash.
 The machine learning model used was able to separate known types of biodegradable
and non-biodegradable waste.
References
1. J. Cleland, “World Population Growth; Past, Present and Future,” Environmental and
ResourceEconomics 55(4), pp. 543-553, Aug. 2013
2. “Waste in the UK and the World,” Waste in the UK and the World, pp. 1-8.
3. A., Castillio, and S., Otoma, “Status of solid waste management in the Philippines”,
International Resource, pp 1-2, May 2015.
4. D., Vu, and G., Kaddoum, “A Waste City Management System for Smart Cities
Applications”, Advance in Wireless and Optical Communications, pp. 1, October 2017.
5. P. Bhadani and V. Vashisht, “Soil Moisture, Temperature and Humidity Measurement
Using Arduino,” 2019 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science
& Engineering (Confluence), 2019.
6. M. S. Chaudhari, B. S. Patil, and V. S. Raut, “IoT based Waste Collection Management
System for Smart Cities: An Overview,” 2019 3rd International Conference on
Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC), pp. 802–804, 2019.
Thank you