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Hydraulic Systems: The Basics

Hydraulic systems use liquids to transmit and multiply force in all directions equally. They have advantages like flexibility, force multiplication, simplicity and compactness. There are two primary types of hydraulic systems - open-center systems which constantly pump oil and closed-center systems which only pump oil on demand. Closed-center systems require no relief valves and allow more specialized functions compared to open-center systems. Hydraulic systems must be sealed and convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy and back into mechanical energy or heat.

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504 views

Hydraulic Systems: The Basics

Hydraulic systems use liquids to transmit and multiply force in all directions equally. They have advantages like flexibility, force multiplication, simplicity and compactness. There are two primary types of hydraulic systems - open-center systems which constantly pump oil and closed-center systems which only pump oil on demand. Closed-center systems require no relief valves and allow more specialized functions compared to open-center systems. Hydraulic systems must be sealed and convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy and back into mechanical energy or heat.

Uploaded by

sengottaiyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hydraulic Systems

The Basics
Basic Principles

• Liquids:
– Have no Shape
– Are incompressible
– Transmit force in all Directions, Equally
– Multiply Force

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System Parts
Advantages & Disadvantages of
Hydraulics
• Advantages: • Disadvantages:
– Flexibility – Efficiency
– Multiplication of Force – Cleanliness
– Simplicity
– Compact
– Economy
– Safety
Primary Hydraulic Systems

• Open-Center Systems:
– Oil is pumped constantly, excess oil is returned to the
reservoir.
• Closed-Center Systems:
– Oil is pumped on demand, control valve stops oil flow.
Open-Center Systems

• Simplistic
• Inexpensive
• Ineffective with Multiple Applications
• Variations of Open-Center Systems:
– Open-Center with a Series Connection
– Open-Center with a Series Parallel Connection
– Open-Center with a Flow Divider
Closed-Center Systems

• No Relief Valves Needed


• Application can be tailored by restricting flow
• Specialized functions have more support
• Multiple functions can be used at the same time
• Variations of Closed-Center Systems:
– Closed-Center with Fixed Displacement Pump and
Accumulator
– Closed-Center with Variable Displacement Pump
Hydraulic Facts

• Mechanical-Hydraulic-Mechanical
– Inputs and Outputs
• Three types of Hydraulic Energy:
– Potential, Kinetic, & Heat
– None are created or destroyed, only converted
– All energy input is converted into an output, gain (work) or loss
(heat)
• A restricted flowing liquid creates heat
– This also causes a pressure drop
• Hydraulic systems must be sealed to work
Hydraulic Facts

• Oil takes the path of least resistance


• Oil is pushed into a pump, not drawn
– A pump does not create pressure, it creates flow. Pressure is
caused by resistance to flow.
• These can produce the same power:
– High pressure & low flow
– Low pressure & high flow
• Two basic types of hydraulics:
– Hydrodynamics
– Hydrostatics

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