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Routers: Modular Fixed

Modular routers have upgradable slots that allow the number of ports to be increased by adding cards, while fixed routers have a fixed number of ports. Routers contain components like boot ROM for initial IOS loading, FLASH to store the full IOS image, RAM for running configurations and caching, and NVRAM to save configurations across reboots. Global configuration mode is used to configure interfaces, the clock command sets the system time, and passwords can be set for various virtual terminals, the console, and auxiliary ports.

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Surendra Kumar
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237 views

Routers: Modular Fixed

Modular routers have upgradable slots that allow the number of ports to be increased by adding cards, while fixed routers have a fixed number of ports. Routers contain components like boot ROM for initial IOS loading, FLASH to store the full IOS image, RAM for running configurations and caching, and NVRAM to save configurations across reboots. Global configuration mode is used to configure interfaces, the clock command sets the system time, and passwords can be set for various virtual terminals, the console, and auxiliary ports.

Uploaded by

Surendra Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Routers

Modular Fixed
Modular Routers
These type of routers have up gradable slots, and the number
of ports can be increased just by adding cards in the slots.

Fixed Routers
These types of routers have fixed number of ports.
1. Ethernet It is a LAN interface. Some of the models have an
RJ45 port for 10baseT or 10/100. And some other have a 15 pin
female connector AUI (Attachment Unit Interface).

2. Serial It is a 60 pin female WAN interface for leased


line
3. BRI/PRI It is a RJ45 WAN interface for ISDN
4. Async It is a 37 pin female connector for dial ups.
5. Console It is a RJ45 Connector used to configure the
Router for the first time.
6. Auxiliary RJ45 Connector for remote access
administration.
Internal Components of a Router
Boot ROM : It stores the mini IOS (Internet work Operating
System) image (RX Boot) with extremely limited capabilities and
POST routines and core level OS for maintenance.
FLASH : It is an EPROM chip that holds most of the IOS
Image. It maintains everything when router is turned off.
RAM : RAM holds running IOS configurations and
provides caching. RAM is a volatile memory and looses its
information when router is turned off. The configuration present
in RAM is called Running configuration.
NVRAM : It is a re-write able memory area that holds router’s
configuration file. NVRAM retains the information when ever
router is rebooted. Once configuration is saved, it will be saved in
NVRAM and this configuration is called Startup Configuration.
Global Configuration Mode

As the name indicates, it is a global configuration mode


I,e. we can configure any interface from this mode, just
by entering into the interface mode.

Router# Config t

Router (Config)#
The “Clock” Command

The clock command is used to set the clock of Router.


Syntax.
Router# clock set hh:mm:ss Day of week Month Year
E.g.
Router#clock set 16:35:00 1 April 2003

Note* This is the only configuration which can be done from


privilege mode,every other configuration should be done at global
configuration mode only.
Some of the important show commands in privilege
mode
Router# sh clock
sh int (interface name eg e0)
Sh history
Sh memory
Sh running-config
Sh startup-config

To save configuration from RAM TO NVRAM

Router#Copy Running-config Startup-config (or)

Router#Write Memory
To configure Hostname (or) Identification of
Router over the network.
Router#conf t
Router(config)#Hostname R_2503
Router(config)#^Z
To configure Logging banner.
Router#conf t
Router(config)#Banner Motd #
Enter text message………….#
Router(config)#^Z
Router Password Configuration
1. Previlege Password
2. Virtual Terminal Password
3. Console Password
4. Auxillary Password
Virtual Terminal Password

 It establishes a login password on incoming Telnet

sessions.
Router#conf t
Router(config)#Line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)#Login
Router(config-line)#password cisco
Router(config-line)#^Z
Console Password

It establishes a login password on the console terminal.

Router#conf t
Router(config)#Line Console 0
Router(config-line)#Login
Router(config-line)#Password cisco
Router(config-line)#^Z
Auxillary Password

It establishes a login password to remote administration.

Router#conf t
Router(config)#Line Aux 0
Router(config-line)#Login
Router(config-line)#Password cisco
Router(config-line)#^Z
Leased line WAN Setup

Case 1: The distance between the locations is greater than 5 Km.


Requirements
A pair of Routers, Leased line, pair of leased line modems V.35,
Pair of G.703 Modem.

Case 2: The distance between the two locations is less than 5Km.
Requirements
A pair of Routers, Leased line and pair of leased line modem.
PPP(Point-to-Point) using PAP protocol

Internet based leased line

S 0 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.2 S 0

Router A Router B
(ISDN) (Zoom)
E 0 1.50 E 0 5.50
1.4 1.1 5.4 5.1
1.3 1.2 5.3 5.2

NOTE : Passwords of both should be same.


Configuration of Router A
--------------------------------
# Config t
(Config)# int E 0
(Config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.50 255.255.255.0
(Config-if)# no shut
(Config-if)# exit

(Config)# int S 0
(Config-if)# ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.0.0
(Config-if)# clock rate 56000(for DCE)
(Config-if)# bandwidth 64
(Config-if)# no shut
(Config-if)# exit

(Config)# ip routing
(Config-Router)# ip route 192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2

(Config)# int S 0
(Config-if)# encapsulation ppp
(Config-if)# ppp authentication PAP
(Config-if)# ppp PAP sent-username zoom password cisco
Configuration of Router B
--------------------------------
# Config t
(Config)# int E 0
(Config-if)# ip address 192.168.5.50 255.255.255.0
(Config-if)# no shut
(Config-if)# exit

(Config)# int S 0
(Config-if)# ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.0.0
(Config-if)# clock rate 56000(for DCE)
(Config-if)# bandwidth 64
(Config-if)# no shut
(Config-if)# exit

(Config)# ip routing
(Config-Router)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.1

(Config)# int S 0
(Config-if)# encapsulation ppp
(Config-if)# ppp authentication PAP
(Config-if)# ppp PAP sent-username ISP password cisco

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