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Gen Math Rational Functions

1) A rational function is a function that can be written as the ratio of two polynomial functions, where the denominator is not the zero function. 2) To find the domain of a rational function, set the denominator equal to zero and solve for values that make the denominator equal to zero, as these values are excluded from the domain. 3) To find the range of a rational function, replace the function with y, solve the equation for x in terms of y, and determine which values of y are possible based on solutions for x.

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MGrace P. Vergara
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355 views

Gen Math Rational Functions

1) A rational function is a function that can be written as the ratio of two polynomial functions, where the denominator is not the zero function. 2) To find the domain of a rational function, set the denominator equal to zero and solve for values that make the denominator equal to zero, as these values are excluded from the domain. 3) To find the range of a rational function, replace the function with y, solve the equation for x in terms of y, and determine which values of y are possible based on solutions for x.

Uploaded by

MGrace P. Vergara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General Mathematics

Grade 11

Rational
Functions
Polynomial Functions
 a polynomial function p of degree of n is a function
that can be written in the form:
 
+
 
 where
 
Each addend of the sum is term
 Coefficients are the constants of …
 Leading coefficient is
 Leading term is
 Constant term is
Polynomial Functions
 
+
Examples:
 
a.
 
b. 4
 
c.
a. Polynomial functions of degree of 7
b. Polynomial functions of degree of 4
c. Polynomial functions of degree of 5
Rational Expressions
 an expression that can be written as the ratio of two
polynomials :
Examples:

 
𝑥
  2
𝑥 +2 𝑥 +3  
5
2 𝑥 +1 𝑥 −3
Rational Equations
 an equation involving rational expressions:
Examples:
 
6  
𝑥 5
2 𝑥 − =x =
𝑥 3 6
 
3 5𝑤 4
 
2𝑥 1
− = = −3 𝑥
6 𝑤 10 𝑤3 𝑤2 5 3
Rational Inequalities
 an inequality involving rational expressions:
Examples:
 
5 2  
𝑥+1
≤ ≤0
𝑥 −3 𝑥 𝑥 −5
2 2
 
𝑥 +4 𝑥 +3 𝑥 − 16
 

>0 2
<0
𝑥 −1 ( 𝑥 −1)
Rational Functions
 A rational function is a function of the form:
 
𝑝( 𝑥 )
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=
𝑞 ( 𝑥)
 
 whereand are polynomial functions
 
 is not a zero function
 
 the domain of is the set of all values of x where
Rational Functions
 Examples:
 
2 𝑥−4   𝑥 − 1
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 2
𝑥+ 2 𝑥 −9
 
3  
8
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=
𝑥−5 ( 𝑥 − 1 ) ( 𝑥+3)
Domain and Range of Rational Functions
Domain of a function is the set of all possible values x.
Range of a function is the set of all possible values y.
 
Domain of a rational function is all the values of
x that will not make equal to zero.

To get the range of a rational function is by finding the


domain of the inverse function.
Domain and Range of Rational Functions
Steps:
Domain: To find the domain, set the
denominator equal to zero and solve.

Range: To find the range, replace f(x) with y,


then solve for the value/s of x.
Domain and Range of Rational Functions
  𝟐𝒙
Example 1: 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=
𝒙−𝟓
Domain: To find the domain, Range: To find the range,
set the denominator equal to replace f(x) with y, then solve
zero and solve. for the value/s of x.
  𝟐𝒙
  𝒚=   𝟓 𝒚
𝒙 −𝟓 𝒙=
  𝒚−𝟐
 
𝒚 ( 𝒙 −𝟓 ) =𝟐 𝒙
   
𝒙𝒚 − 𝟓 𝒚 =𝟐 𝒙  
𝒚 − 𝟐= 𝟎
The domain of f(x) is
the set of all real
 
𝒙𝒚 − 𝟐 𝒙=𝟓 𝒚
 
𝒚=𝟐𝒚 ≠ 𝟐
 

numbers except 5. The range of f(x) is the


 
𝒙 ( 𝒚 −𝟐)=𝟓 𝒚 set of all real numbers
except 2.
Domain and Range of Rational Functions
  𝟐
Example 2: 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=
𝒙−𝟑
Domain: To find the domain, Range: To find the range,
set the denominator equal to replace f(x) with y, then solve
zero and solve. for the value/s of x.
  𝟐
  𝒚=   𝟑 𝒚 +𝟐
𝒙 −𝟑 𝒙=
  𝒚
 
 
𝒚 ( 𝒙 −𝟑 ) =𝟐  
𝒚 =𝟎
The domain of f(x) is 𝒙𝒚 − 𝟑 𝒚 =𝟐
 
 
𝒚≠𝟎
the set of all real
numbers except 3.
 
𝒙𝒚=𝟐+𝟑 𝒚 The range of f(x) is the
 
𝒙𝒚=𝟑 𝒚 +𝟐 set of all real numbers
except 0.
Domain and Range of Rational Functions
  𝟑 𝒙+𝟐
Example 3: 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=
𝒙+𝟓
Domain: To find the domain, Range: To find the range,
set the denominator equal to replace f(x) with y, then solve
zero and solve. for the value/s of x.
  𝟑 𝒙+𝟐   𝒙 ( 𝒚 − 𝟑)= −𝟓 𝒚+ 𝟐
  𝒚=
𝒙+𝟓   − 𝟓 𝒚+ 𝟐
  𝒙=
 
𝒚 ( 𝒙 +𝟓 )=𝟑 𝒙 +𝟐 𝒚 −𝟑
 
𝒚 − 𝟑= 𝟎  

The domain of f(x) is


𝒙𝒚+𝟓 𝒚 =𝟑 𝒙 +𝟐   𝒚 ≠ 𝟑
 

the set of all real


numbers except -5.
 
𝒙𝒚− 𝟑 𝒙=𝟐− 𝟓 𝒚 The range of f(x) is the
 
𝒙𝒚− 𝟑𝒙=−𝟓 𝒚+𝟐 set of all real numbers
except 3.
Domain and Range of Rational Functions
  𝒙 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔
Example 4: 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=
𝒙+ 𝟒
Domain: To find the domain, Range: To find the range,
set the denominator equal to replace f(x) with y, then solve
zero and solve. for the value/s of x.
  𝒙 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔
  𝒚=
𝒙 +𝟒
 
𝒚+ 𝟒=− 4
   
𝒚=
( 𝒙 −𝟒 )( 𝒙 +𝟒)
 
𝒚=− 𝟒 − 𝟒
  ( 𝒙 +𝟒)  
𝒚 =− 𝟖
The domain of f(x) is
the set of all real
 
𝒚= 𝒙 − 𝟒 The range of f(x) is the
set of all real numbers
except -8.
numbers except -4.  
𝒚+ 𝟒 = 𝒙
Intercepts and Asymptotes
Intercepts: x- intercept and y-intercept

x- intercept y- intercept
 
 Set  
 Set
 Solve for x  Solve for y
Example:
 
𝒚=𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟒
x- intercept
 
𝟎=𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟒
 
𝒙 =𝟐(𝟐 , 𝟎)
 

 
𝟐 𝒙 =𝟒  
Intercepts and Asymptotes
Example:  
𝒚=𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟒
x- intercept y- intercept
  Set   Set
 Solve for x  Solve for y

 
𝟎=𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟒  
𝒚=𝟐 (𝟎)− 𝟒
 
𝟐 𝒙 =𝟒 𝒚=𝟎 − 𝟒
 

 
𝒙 =𝟐  
𝒚=− 𝟒
   

 
(𝟐 , 𝟎)  
(𝟎 , − 𝟒 )
Intercepts and Asymptotes
  𝒙 +𝟕
Example: 𝒚=
𝒙 −𝟓
x- intercept y- intercept
  Set
 Solve for x   Set
 Solve for y
𝒙+𝟕
𝟎=   𝟎+ 𝟕
𝒙 −𝟓 𝒚=
𝟎 −𝟓
 
𝟎=𝒙+𝟕  
𝒚=
+𝟕
 
𝒙=− 𝟕 −𝟓
  𝟕
 
(− 𝟕 , 𝟎) 𝒚 =−
𝟓
  𝟕
(− , 𝟎)
𝟓
Intercepts and Asymptotes

Horizontal Asymptote Vertical Asymptote


 
𝒏 <𝒎   𝑯𝑨 : 𝒚=𝟎  

 
 
𝒏 =𝒎 𝑯𝑨 : 𝒚= 𝒂
𝒃
 
𝒏 >𝒎  𝑵𝒐 𝑯𝑨
Intercepts and Asymptotes
  𝟕
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=
𝒙−𝟓
Horizontal Asymptote Vertical Asymptote
 
𝒏=𝟎 𝒎=𝟏  
𝒙 − 𝟓=𝟎
 
𝒚 =𝟎  
𝒙 =𝟓
Intercepts and Asymptotes

Horizontal Asymptote Vertical Asymptote


  𝟏𝟐 𝒙 −𝟔
  𝟓
 
𝒚= 𝟗 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )= +𝟓 𝒙 =− 𝟑
𝟑 𝒙 +𝟓
𝒏=𝟏𝒎 =𝟏
   
𝟑 𝒙+𝟓=𝟎
  𝟏𝟐
𝒚= +𝟓  
𝟑 𝒙=− 𝟓
𝟑  
𝟓
 
𝒚= 𝟒+𝟓 𝒙 =−
𝟑
 
𝒚= 𝟗

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