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Chapter 1b) Mat Foundations

This document provides an overview of mat foundations, including: 1. Methods for determining the bearing capacity of mat foundations, including equations for saturated clay with vertical loading. 2. Examples calculating the net ultimate and allowable bearing capacities of mat foundations on clay and sand soils. 3. Compensated foundation design which reduces pressure increases in soil by increasing mat depth, including equations for determining fully and partially compensated depths. 4. Examples solving for compensated depth, factor of safety against bearing capacity, and consolidation settlement of mat foundations on soft clay soils.

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119 views

Chapter 1b) Mat Foundations

This document provides an overview of mat foundations, including: 1. Methods for determining the bearing capacity of mat foundations, including equations for saturated clay with vertical loading. 2. Examples calculating the net ultimate and allowable bearing capacities of mat foundations on clay and sand soils. 3. Compensated foundation design which reduces pressure increases in soil by increasing mat depth, including equations for determining fully and partially compensated depths. 4. Examples solving for compensated depth, factor of safety against bearing capacity, and consolidation settlement of mat foundations on soft clay soils.

Uploaded by

AngelaDevi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

(EAT 456)

CHAPTER 1
MAT FOUNDATIONS

LECTURE 1B
LECTURE OUTLINES

1. Bearing Capacity of Mat Foundations

2. Example 1.1 & 1.2

3. Compensated Foundations

4. Example 1.3, 1.4 & 1.5


BEARING CAPACITY OF MAT
FOUNDATIONS
1) Gross ultimate bearing capacity can be determined by
the same equation used for shallow foundations.
a) Case 1: normal condition,
1
qu  c N c Fcs Fcd Fci  qN q Fqs Fqd Fqi  BN  Fs Fd Fi
,

2
b) Case 2: saturated clay (φ = 0) and vertical loading,
qu  cu N c Fcs Fcd  q
 0.195 B  Df 
qu  5.14cu 1  1  0.4   q
 L  B 
2) Net ultimate capacity of a mat foundation,
q net ( u )  qu  q
BEARING CAPACITY OF MAT
FOUNDATIONS

3) Net allowable bearing capacity:


a) Case 1 : calculate from FOS,
q net ( u )
q net ( all ) 
FOS

b) Case 2 : calculate from SPT-N,


2
 3.28 B  1   S e 
q net ( all)  11 .98 N 60   Fd  
 3.28 B   25 
Example 1.1

Determine the net ultimate bearing capacity of a mat


foundation measuring 15 m x 10 m on a saturated clay
with cu = 95 kN/m2, φ = 0 and Df = 2 m.

 0.195 B  Df 
qu  5.14cu 1  1  0.4   q
Hint:  L  B 
Example 1.2

What will be the net allowable bearing capacity of a


mat foundation with dimensions of 15 m x 10 m
constructed over a sand deposit? Here, Df = 2 m,
the allowable settlement is 25 mm, and the
corrected average penetration number N60 = 10.
2
 3.28B  1   S e 
q net ( all)  11 .98 N 60   Fd  
Hint:  3.28B   25 
COMPENSATED FOUNDATIONS

 The net pressure (q) increase in the soil under a mat foundation can be
reduced by increasing the depth (Df) of the mat.

 This approach is generally referred to the compensated foundation design


and is extremely useful when structures are to be built on very soft clays.

 In this design, a deeper basement is made below the higher portion of the
superstructure, so that the net pressure increase in soil at any depth is
relatively uniform.

 For no increase in the net pressure on soil below a mat foundation, net
pressure should be equal to 0.
a) Df = Q/Aγ  Fully compensated foundation.
b) Df < Q/Aγ  Partially compensated foundation.
COMPENSATED FOUNDATIONS
COMPENSATED FOUNDATIONS

 FOS against bearing capacity failure for:


a) Partially compensated foundations (Df < Q/Aγ);
q net ( u )
FOS 
q
b) Saturated clay (φ = 0);
 0.195 B  Df 
5.14cu 1  1  0.4 
 L  B 
FOS 
Q
 D f
A
 Consolidation settlement (Sc);

Cc H c  '0   'avg
Sc  log
1  e0  '0
Example 1.3

The mat has dimensions of 30 m


x 30 m. The live load and dead
load on the mat are 200 MN. The
mat is placed over a layer of soft
clay. The unit weight of the clay is
18.75 kN/m3. Find Df for a fully
compensated foundation.

Hint: Fully compensated


Q
Df 
A
Example 1.4

The mat has dimensions of 30 m x


30 m. The live load and dead load on
the mat are 200 MN. The mat is
placed over a layer of soft clay. The
unit weight of the clay is 18.75
kN/m3. Given cu for the clay is 12.5
kN/m2. If the required factor of safety
against bearing capacity failure is 3,
determine the depth of foundation.
 0.195 B  Df 

5.14cu 1  1  0.4
Hint:  L  B 
FOS 
Q
 D f
A
Example 1.5

Consider a mat foundation 30m x 40m in


plan, as shown in Figure. The total dead
load and live load on the raft is 200 x
103kN. Estimate the consolidation
settlement at the centre of the
foundation. Q
q   D f
Hint: a) A
1

 '   
0 dry h
b) n

1
  ' avg    'T 4 ' M  ' B 
6
c)
Cc H c  '0   'avg
Sc  log
d) 1  e0  '0
-END-
THANK YOU

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