Chapter 1
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joelChapter 1
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joelOPERATIONS
RESEARCH
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Chapter - 1
• What is Operations Research ?
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Management Science/Operation
Research
• In general, the organization goal is to optimize the
use of available resources.
• Management science/OR is a discipline that adapts
the scientific approach to problem solving to decision
making.
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Management/OR Process
• Mathematical Modeling
• A process that translates observed phenomena into mathematical expressions.
Problem definition
Mathematical modeling
Solution of the model
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1. Definition of the problem
• Management Science/ OR is Applied When -
• Designing and implementing new operations.
• Evaluating ongoing Operations and Procedures.
• Determining and recommending corrective actions.
How to Start and How to Proceed
• Identify the problem.
• Observe the problem from various points of view.
• Keep things simple.
• Identify constraints.
• Work with management, get feedback .
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2.Building a Mathematical Model
• Identify Decision Variables
•Which factors are controllable?
• Quantify the Objective and Constraints
• Formulate the function to be optimized (profit, cost).
• Formulate the requirements and/or restrictions.
• Construct a Model Shell
• Help focus on the exact data required.
• Gather Data
• Consider time / cost issues.
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Mathematical modeling formulation: The general OR
model can be organized in the following general format:-
Maximize or minimize Objective Function
subject to Constraints
A solution of the mode is feasible if it satisfies all the constraints. It is
optimal if, in addition to being feasible, it yields the best (maximum or
minimum) value of the objective function.
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3- Solving a Mathematical Model
• Choose an Appropriate Solution Technique
• An optimization algorithm.
• A heuristic algorithm.
• Generate Model Solutions
• Test / Validate Model Results
• Is the solution reasonable?
• Are radical changes needed?
• Does it fit present and future plans?
• Unacceptable results? Return to modeling.
• Perform “What--If” Analyses
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Example 1
• Wilson company produces three products: desk, chairs, and molded steel.
It is trying to decide on the number of desks (D), chair (C), and pound of
model steels (M)
1. If the nets $ 50 profit on each desk produced, $30 on each chair
produced, and $ 6 per pound of modeled steel produced. What the total
profit?
ANS : 50 D + 30 C + 6 M
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Example 1 contd.
2. If 7 pounds of raw steel are needed to manufacture a desk, 3 pounds to
manufacture a chair, and 1.5 pounds to produce a pound of model steel.
What is the amount of raw steel used during the production?
ANS : 7D + 3C + 1.5 M
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Example 1 contd.
3- Wilson has only 2000 pounds of raw steel available and at least 100
desk must be produced to satisfy contract commitment.
ANS : 7 D + 3C + 1.5 M <= 2000 (raw steel)
D >= 100 (contract)
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Mathematical model of Example 1
MAXIMIZE 50 D + 30 C + 6 M
SUBJECT TO
7D + 3C + 1.5M <= 2000 (Raw steel)
D >= 100 (contract)
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PHASES OF AN OR STUDY
• Definition of the problem : scope of problem under investigation
• Construction of the model: translate the problem into mathematical
relationships
• Solution of the model: uses well-defined optimization algorithms
• Validation of the model: checks whether or not the proposed model
does what it purports to do
• Implementation of the solution: translate the result into operating
instructions to be issued
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THANK YOU
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