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CPM & Pert

Critical Path Method (CPM) is an algorithm used to plan, manage, and analyze the timing of projects. It identifies critical and non-critical tasks to prevent delays. CPM defines a critical path as the sequence of tasks with the longest duration that must be completed on schedule. CPM helps visualize projects, identify important tasks, save time, and compare planned vs actual status. Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is similar but uses three time estimates - optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic - to calculate the expected time for each activity and account for uncertainty.

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Ramdayal pandit Ramdayal
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89 views

CPM & Pert

Critical Path Method (CPM) is an algorithm used to plan, manage, and analyze the timing of projects. It identifies critical and non-critical tasks to prevent delays. CPM defines a critical path as the sequence of tasks with the longest duration that must be completed on schedule. CPM helps visualize projects, identify important tasks, save time, and compare planned vs actual status. Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is similar but uses three time estimates - optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic - to calculate the expected time for each activity and account for uncertainty.

Uploaded by

Ramdayal pandit Ramdayal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 2

CPM & PERT


Critical Path Method (CPM)
• A critical path in project management is certain tasks that need
to be performed in a clear order and for a certain period.
• If part of one task can be slowed down or postponed for a term
without leaving work on others, then such a task is not critical.
While tasks with a critical value cannot be delayed during the
implementation of the project and are limited in time.
• Critical Path Method (CPM) is an algorithm for planning,
managing and analyzing the timing of a project. The step-by-step
CPM system helps to identify critical and non-critical tasks from
projects’ start to completion and prevents temporary risks.
Advantages of CPM
• The method visualizes projects in a clear graphical
form.
• It defines the most important tasks.
• Saves time and helps in the management of
deadlines.
• Helps to compare the planned with the real status.
• Identifies all critical activities that need attention.
• Makes dependencies clear and transparent.
Identifying Critical Path
• A Sequence of activities which begins with the
starting event and end at the final event is
termed as “Path”.
• A path in a network which required maximum
duration or completion is completion is called
“Critical Path”.
• To find the critical path, we need to determine the
following quantities-
• Earliest Start Time(EST): The earliest time at which
an activity can begin without violation of immediate
predecessor requirements.
• Earliest Finish Time(EFT): The earliest time at which
an activity can end.
• Latest Start Time(LST):The latest time at which an
activity can begin without delaying the entire
project.
• Latest Finish Time(LFT): The latest time at which an
activity can end without delaying the entire project.
Point to be Remember
• Activity Duration denoted by tij
• Earliest start time denoted by Es=Ei
• Earliest finish time denoted by Ef=Ei + tij
• Latest start time denoted by Ls=Lj - tij
• Latest finish time denoted by Lf=Lj
Question 1
• The various activities of a project and their
duration are shown in table below-
• Draw a network and also calculate critical
path, total duration of the project and time
estimate for each activity.
Activity 1-2 1-4 1-7 2-3 3-6 4-5 4-8 5-6 6-9 7-8 8-9
Duration 3 2 1 3 2 4 6 5 4 4 5
Question 2
• A Project schedule consists of the following
features:
1. Draw a network
2. Find the critical Path.
3. Calculate the earliest occurrence time (E) and
least occurrence time(L) for each event.
Activity 1-2 1-3 2-4 3-4 3-5 4-9 5-6 5-7 6-8 7-8 8-10 9-10
Time 4 1 1 1 6 5 4 8 1 3 5 8
(Months)
Project Evaluation & Review
Technique(PERT)
• The concept of multiple times was evolved in PERT to reduced
the incidence of uncertainty in project planning. The Three
time estimates are:
• 1. Optimistic Time(a) : This indicated the minimum time that
an activity can take if everything goes smoothly without any
interruptions.
• 2. Pessimistic Time(b): This indicate the maximum time an
activity can take under adverse conditions.
• 3. Most likely time(m): This indicates the time an activity can
take most often if it is repeated again and again under same
condition.
• The Expected time of activity can be obtained as
• te=a + 4m + b / 6
Question
• A research project consist of eleven activities identified by their beginning (i) and
ending nodes(j) as under. Three time estimates have also been specified against each
activity.
Estimated Duration (Months)
Activity(i- Optimistic Most Likely Pessimistic
j) Time(a) time(m) Time(b)

1-2 6 7 8
1-3 4 5 12
1-4 2 10 12
2-5 3 7 11
3-6 10 20 48
3-7 6 9 18
4-6 3 3 9
5-8 3 3 9
6-9 8 18 40
7-8 2 6 10
8-9 2 5 14
1. Calculate Expected time of each activity
2. Construct the network diagram for the above
project
3. Enter the expected time of the activities into
the network.
4. Find Critical path in a network and total
duration of project.
5. Calculate the earliest occurrence time (E) and
least occurrence time(L) for each event.

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