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Mech 114 - Statics of Solid Mechanics-Introduction

basic mechanics

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56 views

Mech 114 - Statics of Solid Mechanics-Introduction

basic mechanics

Uploaded by

B. JOSEPH KWAME
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

MECH 182
STATICS /
MECH 106
BASIC MECHANICS
Course Outline
2 • Fundamental Concepts
• Forces and Moments
• Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies
• Structural Analysis
• Friction
• Simple Machines
Grading
3 • Assignments = 10%

• Quizzes = 10%

• Mid-Sem Exams = 20%

• End of Sem Examination = 60%

• Total = 100%
Fundamental Concepts
4
• What is Mechanics?
-Mechanics is a branch of physical science which
describes and predicts the condition of rest or motion
of bodies under the action of forces.
-Mechanics deals with the effects of forces on objects.
Branches of Mechanics
5 Statics
Mechanics of
Rigid Bodies Kinematics
Dynamics
Kinetics

Mechanics of Materials or Strength of Materials


Mechanics of
Mechanics Theory of Elasticity
Deformable Bodies
Theory of Plasticity

Mechanics of Compressible Fluids


Mechanics of Fluids
Mechanics of Incompressible Fluids
Mechanics of Rigid Bodies
6
• This is subdivided into statics and dynamics.
• Statics deals with the equilibrium of bodies, thus
those at rest or moving with constant velocity
(acceleration is zero).
• Dynamics deals with the accelerated motion of
bodies.
Basic Terminologies in Mechanics
7
• Length:- Length is used to specify the position of a point in
space and to describe the size of a body or system of bodies.
• Time:- Time is conceived to specify the order in which a series
of events take place or to measure the duration of an event.
• Mass:- Mass is said to be the quantity of matter contained in a
body.
• Force:- Force is generally a push or pull exerted by one body
on another.
Basic Terminologies in Mechanics
8
• Particle: A particle has mass but negligible dimensions (size).
For example the earth can be modeled as a particle when its
orbital motion is under study.
• Rigid Body: A rigid body is a collection of large number of
particles in which the distances between the particles remain
the same before and after applying a load or force. (However,
real bodies are not perfectly rigid, they deform when they are
subjected to a load)
Newton’s Laws of Motion
9 • First Law:
A particle originally at rest or moving in a straight line with constant
velocity will remain in this state provided the particle is not subjected to an
external or unbalanced force.
• Second Law:
The rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the applied
external force and it takes place in the direction of the force.
• Third Law:
To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction; or for every force
acting on a particle, the particle exerts an equal, opposite and collinear
reactive force.
Relation between a particle and the force acting
10 on it.
• Consider a particle of mass 𝒎 subjected to a force 𝑭.
From the second law,
𝒅
𝑭∝ (𝒎𝒗) …………………(1)
𝒅𝒕
𝒅
𝑭= 𝒌 (𝒎𝒗) …………………(2)
𝒅𝒕

Where 𝒌 = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚


𝒎𝒗 = 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒎
Relation between a particle and the force acting on it.
11 • If the mass of the particle remains constant, equation (2) becomes
𝒅𝒗
• 𝑭= 𝒌𝒎 ………………..(3)
𝒅𝒕

• 𝑭 = 𝒌𝒎𝒂 ………………..(4)
𝒅𝒗
• Where = 𝒂 (acceleration)
𝒅𝒕

• If 𝒌 is dimensionless and equal to unity, equation (4) will be written


as
• 𝑭 = 𝒎𝒂 ………………..(5)
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
12 • This states that:
Every two particles of matter having masses 𝒎 and 𝑴 attract each other
with a force 𝑭 which is directly proportional to the product of their masses
and inversely proportional to the square of the distance 𝒓 between them.
• Mathematically,
𝑴𝒎
•𝑭∝ ………………..(6)
𝒓𝟐
𝑴𝒎
• 𝑭=𝑮 ………………..(7)
𝒓𝟐
• Where 𝑮 is Universal Gravitational Constant.
• 𝑮 = 𝟔. 𝟔𝟕𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝟑 𝒌𝒈−𝟏 𝒔−𝟐
Weight of a Body
13
• The gravitational attraction of the earth on a body is known as the
weight of the body, and this force is always directed downwards towards
the earth’s center.
• It’s always present whether the body is at rest or in motion.
• Applying Newton’s Second law to a body of mass 𝒎, equation (5) can
be written as;
• 𝑾 = 𝒎𝒈 ………………..(8)
• Where 𝒈 is the acceleration due to gravity and 𝑾 is the weight of the
body.
• 𝒈 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏 𝒎𝒔−𝟐
Units of Measurements
14 • Length (L), mass (M) and time (T) are the fundamental units used
in mechanics.
Principal SI Units used in Mechanics
15
SI Prefixes
16
Example
17 • Convert 80 km/h to m/s.
• Solution
• 1 𝑘𝑚 = 1000 𝑚 = 103 𝑚
• 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 = 3600 𝑠
• Therefore

80 𝑘𝑚 80 ×103 𝑚
• =
ℎ 3600 𝑠
• = 22.2222 𝑚/𝑠
Questions
18
19

Assignment One

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