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PP - Foundation Plan

This document provides information about house construction, specifically regarding foundations. It begins by outlining the objectives of comparing construction techniques and materials, designing a foundation plan, and analyzing how a house's weight affects its foundation. It then discusses preparing the lot by excavating, laying reinforcement, and staking out the corners. The main sections cover footings, foundations, flooring, walls, and different foundation types including slab on grade, pier and beam, and basement/T-shaped. Videos are included to illustrate various construction steps.

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Joseph
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199 views

PP - Foundation Plan

This document provides information about house construction, specifically regarding foundations. It begins by outlining the objectives of comparing construction techniques and materials, designing a foundation plan, and analyzing how a house's weight affects its foundation. It then discusses preparing the lot by excavating, laying reinforcement, and staking out the corners. The main sections cover footings, foundations, flooring, walls, and different foundation types including slab on grade, pier and beam, and basement/T-shaped. Videos are included to illustrate various construction steps.

Uploaded by

Joseph
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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House Construction

(Foundation Plans)

Objectives:
Compare

various construction techniques/

materials
Design a foundation plan based on a 2-story
home floor plan design
Analyze how the weight of a house affects
the foundation

Video: House Construction


Animation of Home Construction (3:47)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQvFzdFIp
08

Preparing a Lot for Construction

First, the lot is excavated (a


hole is dug) with machinery

Reinforcement may be
necessary. depending upon the
size and load of the building as
well as the ground soil
conditions -- for example, if the
ground is wet and is therefore
prone to swelling.
Reinforcement comes in the
form of a mesh constructed
from reinforced steel bars.
These are laid at the bottom of
the trench, slightly elevated by
spacers to allow the concrete

Preparing a Lot for Construction

Plot plans provide necessary dimensions required


for staking out a house location on an empty lot
The corners of the house are located and stakes are
put into the ground

Preparing a Lot for Construction

Stake out the house: Put a stake in the ground for


each corner of the house
Staking requires a measuring tape and
contractors level

Preparing a Lot for Construction

Batter boards are marks placed for use as


references or guides during the initial excavation
and rough grading of a building construction
They consist of 2 x 4 inch wood stakes witha
crosspiece of 1 x 6 inch lumber nailed to it

Building a House on the Lot

The structure of a house carries the weight to its


supporting element - the ground. The structure is
what makes the house stand up. A house is
constructed from the bottom up.

These are often called load-bearing elements or


systems. (Here is the construction sequence):
Footings
Foundation
Flooring
Walls
Ceiling
Roof

Footings

This is where the house meets the ground. Its the


first member of the load-bearing structural
systems. Also called the footer.
The footings are placed under all load-bearing parts
of the foundation, i.e. piers, columns, foundation
walls, etc.

Pouring Concrete Footing


http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=Mq4kE9BbKvc

Footings

Footings are almost always


concrete poured into a
trench and constrained by
some kind of forms (often
wood planks)
Typical footing dimensions
are: 8" deep and 16" wide. If
the dimensions arent just
right.
Reinforcing the footing with
steel rebars is helpful in
strengthening the footing
before the concrete is
poured

Foundation

Consists of walls and other vertical elements


needed to support the floor (piers and steel
columns)
The foundation needs to bear a considerable
amount of weight and provide a flat and level base
for construction.

Foundation

To reinforce the foundation,


concrete is poured into the
trench over a mesh layer.
The strength of the
concrete is determined by
the calculations made
during the design stage.
Once the concrete is
poured, it will need to be
"tamped", which is the
process of hitting the
surface of the foundation
with a plank of wood to
remove trapped air that

Types of Foundations
T-Shaped
A traditional foundation
method to support a
structure in an area where
the ground freezes
(Northern US). This
method has stood the test
of time.
A concrete slab poured on
the ground down at the
bottom of the hole (also
called stem wall

Types of Foundations
T-Shaped or
Basement
Construction
A footing is placed below
the frost line and then the
walls are added on top.
The footing is wider than
the wall to providing extra
support at the base of the
foundation.
We will be using this

Types of Foundations
T-Shaped or
Basement
Construction
The foundation walls may
be formed concrete,
treated wood, or masonry
(brick or concrete block)
Concrete block foundation
walls are typically 8
inches thick
Video- How to build the walls

Types of Foundations
T-Shaped or
Basement
Construction
Section Drawing through
the center of a house
showing basement
foundation with footers
and concrete block walls
The only difference is
the garage (will have a
slab poured, b/c cars are

Types of Foundations
Slab on Grade
Construction
No below-ground basement.
Most popular in southern
states, where ground doesnt
freeze. (Can be used in the
north if its properly
insulated.)
Slab floor is poured as one
single layer several inches
thick. The slab normally rests
on a bed of crushed gravel to

Types of Foundations
Slab on Grade
Construction
It is waffle-shaped steel
that is reinforced with a
concrete sheet. A single
layer of concrete is poured
several inches thick.
The slab is poured on
crushed gravel to improve
drainage.

Types of Foundations
Pier and Beam
Construction
Used in areas with heavy clay
content in the soil, such as Texas
& the Southwest
Also called a Crawlspace
foundation because underneath
is an accessible space with
limited headroom, between the
soil and the bottom of the first
floor.
They typically have a concrete
wall that goes around the outside

Types of Foundations
Pier and Beam
Construction
Spaces are usually only 16 18 in. between the bottom of
the floor joists and the soil
Considered the most
economical. The space
underneath allows easy
installation of plumbing and
heating utilities for
accessibility
However, if the space isnt
insulated properly, water

Types of Foundations
House Construction Documentary (23:11 stop after 5:00)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTiWdnoAir4

Fast-Motion: Building the Foundation (Stop at 1:15)


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3iI6S7TuCA

Flooring

Floor systems are either


wood or concrete.

The wood floor consists of


the supporting members beams and joists - and the
flooring material, usually a
plywood product.

Flooring

Typically, there is a beam


supporting the floor joists.
The beam is supported by
the foundation walls and
intermittent piers or posts
in the foundation (the latter
must have their own
footing).
Beams are made of a
variety of materials
including wood and steel.

Walls

Typically he walls are


framed (assembled) on the
ground, and then raised
into place.
The 2x4s (pieces of
lumber) are placed 16inches on-center, meaning
that the center of one 2x4
is 16 inches away from the
center of the next.
Add plywood sheething
layer for rigidity (bottom
image)

Ceiling and Roof

We will talk about those structural elements when


we do our roof plans!

Foundation Plan (with


dimensions)

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