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Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger - Presentation

A heat exchanger transfers heat from one medium to another. Shell and tube heat exchangers are commonly used and involve tubes inside a shell. Heat naturally flows from hot to cold, so a heat exchanger separates hot and cold fluids with a conducting surface. The rate of heat transfer depends on factors like the temperature difference and surface area. Common types include shell and tube, air cooled, compact plate exchangers, and more. TEMA standards define shell and tube heat exchanger types that vary in construction methods like fixed or floating tube sheets.

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508 views

Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger - Presentation

A heat exchanger transfers heat from one medium to another. Shell and tube heat exchangers are commonly used and involve tubes inside a shell. Heat naturally flows from hot to cold, so a heat exchanger separates hot and cold fluids with a conducting surface. The rate of heat transfer depends on factors like the temperature difference and surface area. Common types include shell and tube, air cooled, compact plate exchangers, and more. TEMA standards define shell and tube heat exchanger types that vary in construction methods like fixed or floating tube sheets.

Uploaded by

tantri.hellyanti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TRAINING

HEAT EXCHANGER/DESIGN SHELL AND TUBE


HEAT EXCHANGER

INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW HEAT EXCHANGER
AHEAT EXCHANGERis a piece of equipment
built for efficientheat transferfrom one medium
toanother
PURPOSE
Cooling,Heating,Condensing,Boiling
FEATURES
VarietyofConstructionManytypesofheat
exchangersareavailable.Amongthemshelland
TubeHeatExchangeraremostcommonlyused

PRINCIPLEOFHEATEXCHANGER
Heat exchangersworkbecauseheatnaturallyflowsfromhigher
temperaturetolowertemperatures.Thereforeifahotfluidanda
coldfluidareseparatedbyaheatconductingsurfaceheatcanbe
transferredfromthehotfluidtothecoldfluid.

HEAT TRANSFER

The rate of heat flow at any point (kW/m2 of transfer


surface) depends on:
Heat transfer coefficient (U), itself a function of the
properties of the fluids involved, fluid velocity,
materials of construction, geometry and cleanliness
of the exchanger
Temperature difference between hot and cold
streams
Total heat transferred (Q) depends on:
Heat transfer surface area (A)
Heat transfer coefficient (U)
Average temperature difference between the
streams, strictly the log mean (TLM)
Thus total heat transferred Q = UATLM

TYPE OF HEAT EXCHANGER


1.

Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger

2.

Air Cooled Heat Exchanger

3.

Hairpin/Double Pipe
Heat Exchanger

4. Compact Non Tubular Heat Exchanger


Plate and frame heat exchanger (PHE)
Gasketed and welded-plate heat exchangers
Most PHE applications are liquid-liquid services
Gasket selection is one of the most critical and
limiting factors in PHE usage

Welded-And Brazed-plate Exchangers


used for a great variety of designs for various
applications from normal gasketed-plate exchanger
services to air-preheater services on fired heaters or
boilers.

Spiral-plate Exchangers (SHE)


The SHE is formed by rolling two strips of plate, with
welded-on spacer studs, upon each other into clockspring shape

Brazed-plate-fin Heat Exchanger


Brazed-aluminum-plate-fin heat exchangers (or
core exchangers or cold boxes) made up of a
stack of rectangular sheets of aluminum
separated by a wavy, usually perforated,
aluminum fin.

Plate-fin Tubular Exchangers (PFE)


Spiral-tube Exchangers (STE)
Graphite Heat Exchangers
Cascade Coolers
Bayonet-tube Exchangers
ETC

FUNCTION OF STHE
EQUIPMENT

FUNCTION

Chiller

Cools a fluid to a temperature below that obtainable if water only were


used as a coolant. It uses a refrigerant such as ammonia or Freon.

Condenser

Condenses a vapor or mixture of vapors, either alone or in the presence


of a noncondensable gas.

Partial
condenser

Condenses vapors at a point high enough to provide a temperature


difference sufficient to preheat a cold stream of process fluid. This saves
heat and eliminates the need for providing a separate preheater (using
flame or steam).

Final condenser

Condenses the vapors to a final storage temperature of approximately


37.8C (100F). It uses water cooling, which means that the transferred
heat is
lost to the process.

Cooler

Cools liquids or gases by means of water.

Exchanger

Performs a double function: (1) heats a cold fluid by (2) using a hot fluid
which it cools. None of the transferred heat is lost.

Heater

Imparts sensible heat to a liquid or a gas by meansof condensing steam


or Dowtherm.

FUNCTION OF STHE
EQUIPMENT

FUNCTION

Reboiler

Connected to the bottom of a fractionating tower, it provides the reboil


heat necessary for distillation. The heating medium may be either
steam or a hot-process fluid.

Thermosiphon
reboiler

Natural circulation of the boiling medium is obtained by maintaining


sufficient liquid head to provide for circulation.

Forced-circulation
reboiler

A pump is used to force liquid through the reboiler.

Steam generator

Generates steam for use elsewhere in the plant by using the available
high-level heat in tar or a heavy oil.

Superheater

Heats a vapor above the saturation temperature.

Vaporizer

A heater which vaporizes part of the liquid.

Waste-heat boiler

Produces steam; similar to steam generator, except that the heating


medium is a hot gas or liquid produced in a chemical reaction.

TEMA-STYLE SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS

TEMA TYPE STHE


NOMENCLATURE

PRINCIPAL TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION


Fixed-Tube-Sheet Heat Exchangers

The tubesheets are welded to the shell


No limitation on the number of tube-side passes
Tubes can completely fill the heat-exchanger shell
Tubes can be replaced
Simple & low cost
Shell side fouling < 0.00026m2K/W or shell side chemical cleaning
is applicable
Expansion joint required for T>60 deg Celsius
TYPE B-E-M

U-Tube

Heat Exchanger

High temperature and pressure application


Has no problem for thermal expansion
The number of tube holes in a given shell is less
than that for a fixed-tube-sheet exchanger because
of limitations on bending tubes of a very short radius
TYPE C-F-U

Packed-Lantern-Ring

Exchanger

Construction is the least costly of the straight-tube removable bundle


The shell- and tube-side fluids are each contained by separate rings of
packing separated by a lantern ring and are installed at the floating tube sheet.
The lantern ring is provided with weep holes. Any leakage passing the packing
goes through the weep holes and then drops to the ground. Leakage at the
packing will not result in mixing within the exchanger of the two fluids.
The packed-lantern-ring construction is generally limited to design
temperatures below 191C

TYPE A-J-W

Outside-Packed

Floating-Head Exchanger

Shell-side fluid is contained by rings of packing, which are


compressed within a stuffing box by a packing follower ring.
TYPE A-E-P

Internal

Floating-Head Exchanger

The

tube bundle is removable, and the floating tube sheet moves


(or floats) to accommodate differential expansion between shell
and tubes. The outer tube limit approaches the inside diameter of
the gasket at the floating tube sheet. Clearances (between shell
and OTL) are 29 mm (1-1/8 in) for pipe shells and 37 mm (1-7/16
in) for moderate diameter plate shells.
TYPE A-E-S

Pull-Through

Floating-Head Exchanger
Construction is similar to that of the internal-floating-head
split-backing ring exchanger except that the floating-head
cover bolts directly to the floating tube sheet. The tube
bundle can be withdrawn from the shell without removing
either shell cover or floating-head cover. This feature reduces
maintenance time during inspection and repair.
TYPE A-K-T

Features of TEMA Shell-and-Tube-Type Exchangers

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