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Modelling Techniques in CAD

Geometric modeling is used to define the shape and characteristics of an object and is the base for applications like mass property calculations, mechanism analysis, and finite element modeling. The main types of geometric modeling are wireframe modeling, solid modeling, and surface modeling. Wireframe modeling uses points and edges to define an object's shape but has no surfaces. Solid modeling gives a complete description of an object's construction, shape, surface, volume, and density using basic 3D shapes combined through operations like boundary representation, constructive solid geometry, sweeping, and primitive creation. Surface modeling defines an object's surfaces but does not represent internal features or volume.

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3K views

Modelling Techniques in CAD

Geometric modeling is used to define the shape and characteristics of an object and is the base for applications like mass property calculations, mechanism analysis, and finite element modeling. The main types of geometric modeling are wireframe modeling, solid modeling, and surface modeling. Wireframe modeling uses points and edges to define an object's shape but has no surfaces. Solid modeling gives a complete description of an object's construction, shape, surface, volume, and density using basic 3D shapes combined through operations like boundary representation, constructive solid geometry, sweeping, and primitive creation. Surface modeling defines an object's surfaces but does not represent internal features or volume.

Uploaded by

9826
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Modelling techniques in

CAD
Presented by enter your name Cad/Cam - 05

Geometric Modelling
Geometric modelling is a collection of methods used to define the shape and other geometric characteristics of an object.

Geometric modelling is the BASE of many applications such as:

Mass property calculations.


Mechanism analysis. Finite-element modelling.

NC programming.

Geometric Modelling Types


1. Wire-frame modelling.
2. Solid modelling. 3. Surface modelling.

Wire-frame Modelling
The shape of the object is defined by a collection of points (vertices) and a set of edges. There are no surfaces in a wireframe model.

Wire-frame model

Original object

Example

Advantages of wire-frame
Easy to construct. Most economical in terms of time and memory requirement.

Disadvantages of wire-frame
Looks non realistic. Difficult to interpret Complex model.

Solid Modelling
Solid models give designers a complete descriptions of construction, shape, surface, volume, and density of a 3D model.

3D objects can be created by basic 3D shapes: boxes, cones, cylinders, spheres, wedges, and torus (donuts). Complex solids can be made by combination of these shapes.

Example

Types of Solid Modelling Schemes:


Boundary Representation (B-REP). Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG). Sweeping.

Primitive creation functions.

Boundary representation (B-Rep)


Solid model is defined by their enclosing surfaces or boundaries. The boundary of a solid separates points inside from points outside solid.

Constructive solid geometry (CSG)


Represent solid object as hierarchy of Boolean operations. Boolean operations are used to make more complicated shapes by combining simpler shapes.
CSG TREE

CSG Boolean Operations


Subtract / Cut Intersection Union / Protrusion

Union / Protrusion
Creates a single solid from two solids that intersect

Intersection
Creates a solid that represents the region that is in common to the selected solids

Subtract / Cut
subtracts one solid from another One solid is subtracted from the other.

Sweeping Operations
Sweeping is a modelling in which a plane is translated or revolved to form a solid.
Operations types: extrude revolve sweep blend

Extrude
2D closed sketch can be extruded to form solid objects. height of extrusion.

Revolve
2D closed sketch can be revolved to form solid objects.
axis of rotation. angle of revolution.

Sweep
2D closed sketch can be sweep along the path to form solid objects. trajectory defined. cross section.

Blend
Smooth transition can be made between two closed 2D sketch with similar geometry.

distance between sections. angle of twist between sections. equal number of vertices.

Primitive Creation
Primitives are simple solid shapes with simple mathematical surfaces.

Can be controlled by a small number of parameters and positioned using a transformation matrix.

Advantages of solid modelling


Complete representation. Unambiguous description. Real time environment view.

Disadvantages of solid modelling


Requires more storage & CPU processing.

Surface modelling
In surface modeling not only the edges of a 3D object are defined, but also its surfaces.

Axis of rotation

Extruded surface

Revolved surface

Plane surface

Ruled (lofted) surface

Surface of revolution

B-spline surface

Bezier surface

Disadvantages of surface modelling


Does not represent internal features of the model, no sense of volume. Limitation for volumetric and mass property analysis.

Thank you!

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