THE MDCAT AGE..........

TEST (CHEMICAL
BONDING)
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Cheif Admin: M.RASHID AKRAM

1. In the formation of a molecule which of the following take part in chemical (1 point)
combination?
⚪ cation
⚪ anion
⚫ valence electron
⚪ inner shell electron
Explanation:

In the formation of a molecule, only the outer shell electrons take part in chemical
combination and they are known as valence electrons.

2. The outer orbitals of C in ethene molecule can be considered to be hybridized to (1 point)

give three equivalent sp² orbitals. The total number of sigma (s) and pi (p) bonds
in ethene molecule is
⚪ 1 sigma (s) and 2 pi (p) bonds
⚪ 3 sigma (s) and 2 pi (p) bonds
⚪ 4 sigma (s) and 1 pi (p) bonds
⚫ 5 sigma (s) and 1 pi (p) bonds
Explanation:

According to valence bond theory, two atoms form a covalent bond through the overlap of
individual half-filled valence atomic orbitals, each containing one unpaired electron. In
ethene, each hydrogen atom has one unpaired electron and each carbon is sp² hybridized with
one electron each sp² orbital. The fourth electron is in the p orbital that will form the pi bond.
The bond order for ethene is simply the number of bonds between each atom: the carbon-
carbon bond has a bond order of two, and each carbon-hydrogen bond has a bond order of
one.
3. In which of the following molecules octet rule is not followed? (1 point)
⚪ NH3
⚪ CH4
⚪ CO2
⚫ NO
4. Among the following the electron deficient compound is (1 point)
⚫ BCl3
⚪ CCl4
⚪ PCl5
⚪ BeCl2
Explanation:

Boron in BCl3 has 6 electrons in outermost shell. Hence BCl3 is a electron deficient compound.

5. Which of the following is a linear molecule? (1 point)

⚪ ClO2
⚫ CO2
⚪ NO2
⚪ SO2
Explanation:

The steric number of central atom of a linear molecule is two. It has two bonded atoms and
zero lone pair. All the molecules have two bonded atoms. Thus, we need to work out the
number of lone pairs.

In ClO2, the central atom Cl has 7 valence electrons. Four are used up to form 4 bonds with O
atoms. Three are non-bonding electrons. Thus, along with an odd electron, it has a lone pair.

In CO2, the central C atom has 4 valence electrons. All are used up to form four bonds with O
atoms. Thus, it has zero lone pair.

In NO2, the central N atom has 5 valence electrons. Four are used up to form bonds with
oxygen atoms. Thus, one electron is left as an odd electron.

In SO2, the central S atom has 6 valence electrons. Four are used up to form bonds with oxygen
atoms. Two nonbonding electrons form one lone pair.

6. Which of the following statements is incorrect ? (1 point)

⚪ The formation of ionic compounds depend upon the ease of formation of the positive
and negative ions from the respective neutral atoms.
⚪ Formation of ionic compounds depend upon arrangement of the positive and negative
ions in the solid.
⚫ Formation of positive ion involves addition of electron(s) while that of negative ion
involves removal of electron(s).
⚪ None of these
Explanation:

Formation of positive ion involves removal of electron(s) from neutral atom and that of the
negative ion involves addition of electron(s) to the neutral atom.

7. Based on lattice enthalpy and other considerations which one the following alkali (1 point)
metals chlorides is expected to have the higher melting point?
⚪ RbCl
⚪ KCl
⚫ NaCl
⚪ LiCl
Explanation:

The highest melting point will be NaCl, it is because, the lattice energy decreases as the size of
alkali metal increases so going down the group the melting point decreases, but due to the
covalent bonding in LiCl, its melting point is lower than NaCl and so NaCl is expected to have
maximum melting point in the alkali chlorides.

8. The number of nodal planes present in s × s antibonding orbitals is (1 point)

⚫1
⚪2
⚪0
⚪3
Explanation:

In an antibonding molecular orbital, most of the electron density is located away from the
space between the nuclei, as a result of which there is a nodal plane (i.e, a plane at which the
electron density is zero) between the nuclei.

9. The correct order of dipole moments of HF, H2S and H2O is (1 point)
⚫ HF < H2S < H2O
⚪ HF < H2S < H2O
⚪ HF < H2S < H2O
⚪ HF < H2O < H2S
10. The hybrid state of sulphur in SO2 molecule is : (1 point)
⚫ Sp²
⚪ Sp³
⚪ Sp
⚪ Sp³d
Explanation:

The hybridisation of sulphur in SO2 is sp². Sulphur atom has one lone pair of electrons and
two bonding domains. Bond angle is <120° and molecular geometry is V-shape, bent or angular

11. The most polar bond is (1 point)

⚫ C–F
⚪ C–O
⚪ C-Br
⚪ C-S
Explanation:

Because difference between electronegativity of carbon and flourine is highest.

12. Which one of the following does not have sp² hybridised carbon? (1 point)
⚪ Acetone
⚪ Acetic acid
⚫ Acetonitrile
⚪ Acetamide
Explanation:

Acetonitrile does not contain sp² hybridized carbon.

13. According to Fajan’s rule, covalent bond is favoured by (1 point)

⚪ Large cation and small anion
⚪ Large cation and large anion
⚫ Small cation and large anion
⚪ Small cation and small anion
14. Which of the following will have the lowest boiling point? (1 point)
⚪ 2-MethylButane
⚪ 2-MethylPropane
⚪ 2,2-Dimethylpropane
⚫ n-Pentane
Explanation:

Boiling point increases with increase in molecular mass. For the compounds with the same
molecular mass, boiling point decreases with an increase in branching.

The molecular mass of 2-Methylbutane: 72 g mol-1

The molecular mass of 2-Methylpropane: 58 g mol-1

The molecular mass of 2, 2-Dimethylpropane: 72 g mol-1

The molecular mass of 2-Methylbutane: 72 g mol-1

2-Methylpropane has the lowest molecular mass among all of the given compounds.

Thus, 2-Methylpropane has the lowest boiling point among the given options

15. The number of lone pair and bond pair of electrons on the sulphur atom in (1 point)
sulphur dioxide molecule are respectively
⚪ 1 and 3
⚪ 4 and 1
⚪ 3 and 1
⚫ 1 and 4
16. Among the following the maximum covalent character is shown by the (1 point)
compound
⚪ MgCl2
⚪ FeCl2
⚪ SnCl2
⚫ AlCl3
Explanation:

We know that, extent of polarisation ∝ covalent character in ionic bond. Fajans rule states that
the polarising power of cation increases, with increase in magnitude of positive charge on the
cation Therefore, polarising power ∝ charge of cation.

The polarising power of cation increases with the decrease in the size of a cation. Therefore,
polarising (power) ∝ (1)/ (size of cation)

Here the AlCl3 is satisfying the above two conditions i.e., Al is in +3 oxidation state and also has
small size. So it has more covalent character.

17. Using VSEPR theory, predict the species which has square pyramidal shape (1 point)
⚪ SnCl2
⚪ CCL4
⚪ SO2
⚫ BrF5
18. Among the following mixtures, dipole-dipole as the major interaction, is present (1 point)
in
⚪ benzene and ethanol
⚫ acetonitrile and acetone
⚪ KCl and water
⚪ benzene and carbon tetrachloride
19. The value of n in the molecular formula BenAl2Si6O18 is (1 point)
⚫3
⚪5
⚪7
⚪9
Explanation:

BenAl2Si6O18

The oxidation states of each element

Be = +2
Al = +3

Si = +4

O = -2

(2n) + (3 × 2) + (4 + 6) + (−2 × 18) = 0

or 2n + 30 − 36 = 0

or 2n = 6

or n = 3

20. Which of the following types of hybridisation leads to three dimensional (1 point)
geometry of bonds around the carbon atom?
⚪ Sp
⚫ Sp²
⚪ Sp³
⚪ None of these
Explanation:

sp² hybrid structures have trigonal planar geometry, which is two dimensional.

21. Which of the following statements is not correct ? (1 point)

⚪ Double bond is shorter than a single bond
⚫ Sigma bond is weaker than a pi bond
⚪ Double bond is stronger than a single bond
⚪ Covalent bond is stronger than hydrogen bond
22. An atom of an element A has three electrons in its outermost orbit and that of B (1 point)
has six electrons in its outermost orbit. The formula of the compound between
these two will be
⚪ A3B6
⚫ A2B3
⚪ A3B2
⚪ A2B
Explanation:
A has 3 electrons in outermost orbit and B has 6 electrons in its outermost orbits. So A can give
three electrons to complete its octet and B needs 2 electrons to complete its octet. So 2 atoms of
A will release 6 electrons and 3 atoms of B will need six electrons to complete their octet

So, the formula will be A2B3

23. The maximum number of hydrogen bonds that a molecule of water can have is (1 point)
⚪1
⚪2
⚪3
⚫4
Explanation:

Each water molecule can form a maximum of four hydrogen bonds with neighboring water
molecules. The two hydrogens of the water molecule can form hydrogen bonds with other
oxygens in ice, and the two lone pair of electrons on oxygen of the water molecule can attract
other hydrogens in ice. Hence, 4 possible hydrogen bonds.

24. The bond length between hybridised carbon atom and other carbon atom is (1 point)
minimum in
⚪ Propane
⚪ Butane
⚪ Propene
⚫ Propyne
Explanation:

The C – C bond length = 1.54 Å, C = C bond length = 1.34 Å and C ≡ C bond length = 1.20 Å.

Since propyne has a triple bond, therefore it has minimum bond length.

25. The number of types of bonds between two carbon atoms in calcium carbide is (1 point)
⚫ One sigma, two pi
⚪ One sigma, one pi
⚪ Two sigma, two pi
⚪ Two sigma, one pi
Explanation:

A single bond between two atoms is always considered as sigma bond.

A double bond between two atoms is always considered as one sigma and one pi bond

A triple bond between two atoms is always considered as one sigma bond and two pi bonds.

So according to the given structure CaC2 (Calcium carbide) has 1 sigma and 2 pi bonds

26. Dipole-induced dipole interactions are present in which of the following pairs? (1 point)
⚪ H2O and alcohol
⚪ Cl2 and CCl4
⚫ HCl and He atoms
⚪ SiF4 and He atoms
Explanation:

HCl is polar (μ ≠ 0) and He is non-polar (μ = 0) gives dipole-induced dipole interaction.

27. Among the following mixtures, dipole-dipole as the major interaction, is present (1 point)
in
⚪ benzene and ethanol
⚫ acetonitrile and acetone
⚪ KCl and water
⚪ benzene and carbon tetrachloride
Explanation:

Dipole-dipole interactions occur among the polar molecules. Polar molecules have permanent
dipoles. The positive pole of one molecule is thus attracted by the negative pole of the other
molecule. The magnitude of dipole-dipole forces in different polar molecules is predicted on
the basis of the polarity of the molecules, which in turn depends upon the electro negativities
of the atoms present in the molecule and the geometry of the molecule (in case of polyatomic
molecules, containing more than two atoms in a molecule).

28. The structure of IF7 is (1 point)

⚫ Pentagonal bipyramid
⚪ Square pyramid
⚪ Trigonal bipyramid
⚪ Octahedral
29. The charge/size ratio of a cation determines its polarizing power. Which one of (1 point)
the following sequences represents the increasing order of the polarizing order
of the polarizing power of the cationic species, K+, Ca++, Mg2+, Be2+?
⚪ Ca2+ < Mg2+ < Be+ < K+
⚪ Mg2+ < Be2+ < K+ < Ca2+
⚪ Be2+ < K+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+
⚫ K+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < Be2+
Explanation:

High charge and small size of the cations increases polarisation.

As the size of the given cations decreases as

K+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Be2+

Hence, polarising power decreases as K+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < Be2+

30. The species having pyramidal shape is (1 point)

⚪ SO3
⚪ BrF3
⚪ SiO3²-
⚫ OSF2
Explanation:

The species having a pyramidal shape according to VSEPR theory is OSF2. The central S atom
has 3 bonding domains (one S = O double bond and two S−F single bonds) and one lone pair of
electrons.

The electron pair geometry is tetrahedral and molecular geometry is pyramidal. This is similar
to the ammonia molecule.

31. C-O bond length is minimum in (1 point)

⚪ CO2
⚪ CO3²-
⚪ HCOO-
⚫ CO
32. Molecules are held together in a crystal by (1 point)
⚪ hydrogen bond
⚪ electrostatic attraction
⚫ Van der Waal’s attraction
⚪ dipole-dipole attraction
33. Sp3d2 hybridization is present in [Co(NH3)63+], find its geometry (1 point)
⚫ Octahedral geometry
⚪ square planar geometry
⚪ tetragonal geometry
⚪ tetrahedral geometry
34. Find the molecule with the maximum dipole moment (1 point)
⚪ CH4
⚫ NH3
⚪ CO2
⚪ NF3
35. MX6 is a molecule with octahedral geometry. How many X – M – X bonds are at (1 point)
180°?
⚪ Four
⚪ Two
⚫ Three
⚪ Six
36. Find the pair with sp2 hybridisation of the central molecule (1 point)
⚪ NH3 and NO2–
⚪ BF3 and NH2
⚫ BF3 and NO2–
⚪ NH2– and H2O
37. The formal charge and P-O bond order in PO43- respectively are (1 point)
⚪ 0.6, -0.75
⚫ -0.75, 1.25
⚪ 1.0, -0.75
⚪ 1.25, -3
38. Which of the molecules does not have a permanent dipole moment? (1 point)
⚪ SO3
⚪ SO2
⚪ H2S
⚫ CS2
39. pℼ – dℼ bonding is present in which molecule (1 point)

⚫ SO3-²
⚪ CO3²-
⚪ NO3-
⚪ BO3-³
40. Which one has a pyramidal shape? (1 point)
⚫ PCl3
⚪ CO3²-
⚪ NO3-
⚪ SO3