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Lecture_04

The document outlines the components of a computer system, including hardware and software categories. It details various hardware types such as input, processing, output, storage, and communication devices, as well as software types including system, application, utility, and programming software. Additionally, it categorizes operating systems into desktop, server, mobile, embedded, real-time, network, distributed, and multi-user systems.

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6 views

Lecture_04

The document outlines the components of a computer system, including hardware and software categories. It details various hardware types such as input, processing, output, storage, and communication devices, as well as software types including system, application, utility, and programming software. Additionally, it categorizes operating systems into desktop, server, mobile, embedded, real-time, network, distributed, and multi-user systems.

Uploaded by

252370019
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Application of Information and

Communication Technology
(CS-143)
Lecture-04
Instructor: Faizan Bashir
Lecture Outline
• Components of Computer System
• Hardware
• Software (Application, System, Utility, OS and its functions)
• Parts of Computing Devices (I/O)
Components of Computer System
Hardware
• Hardware: The physical parts of a computer
– Internal hardware
• Located inside the main box (system unit) of the computer
– External hardware
• Located outside the system unit
• Connect to the computer via a wired or wireless connection
– Hardware devices are associated with all five computer operations
Hardware
• Input Devices
– Used to input data into the computer
– Keyboards, mouse, scanners, cameras, microphones, touch pads, touch
screens, fingerprint readers, etc.
• Processing Devices
– Perform calculations and control computer’s operation
– Central processing unit (CPU) and memory
• Output Devices
– Present results to the user
– Monitors, printers, speakers, projectors, etc.
Hardware
• Storage Devices
– Used to store data on or access data from storage media
– Hard drives, CD/DVD discs and drives,
• USB flash drives, etc.
• Communications Devices
– Allow users to communicate with others and to electronically access remote
information
– Modems, network adapters, routers, switches, hubs etc.
Software
• Software
– The programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do
• System Software
– Operating system starts up the computer and controls its operation
– Without OS, computer cannot function
– Boots the computer and launches programs at the user’s direction
– Most use a GUI to interact with the user via icons, buttons, tiles, etc.
– Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Android, etc.

Device Drivers
• Facilitate communication between the operating system and hardware
components like printers, graphics cards, and peripherals.
Application Software
Productivity Software: Tools for creating documents, spreadsheets,
presentations, etc. Examples include Microsoft Office, Google Workspace.
Graphics Software: Used for creating and editing visual content, such as Adobe
Creative Cloud.
Media Players: Software for playing audio and video files, like VLC Media Player.
Web Browsers: Enable users to access and interact with websites, e.g., Google
Chrome, Mozilla Firefox.
Antivirus Software: Protects the computer from malware, like Norton, McAfee.
Games: Software designed for entertainment, such as Fortnite, Minecraft.
Communication Software: Facilitates communication between users, including
Skype, Slack.
Application Software Uses
– Performs specific tasks or applications
• Creating letters, budgets, etc.
• Managing inventory and customer databases
• Editing photographs
• Scheduling appointments
• Viewing Web pages
• Exchanging e-mail
• Burning DVDs
• Designing homes
• Playing games
Application Software
• Examples of application software
– Word processing programs
– Multimedia programs
– Web browsers
– E-mail programs
Utility Software:
•Antivirus Utilities:
Scan and remove viruses and malware.
•Disk Cleanup Tools:
Optimize and clean up storage.
•Backup Software:
Facilitate data backup and recovery.
•File Compression Tools:
Compress and decompress files (e.g., WinRAR, 7-Zip).
•System Maintenance Tools
Optimize system performance.
Programming Software:
•Compilers and Interpreters:
Translate code into machine-readable format.
•Integrated Development Environments (IDEs):

Provide comprehensive tools for software development


(e.g., Visual Studio, Eclipse).
• Version Control Software:
Manage changes to source code (e.g., Git).
Categories of Operating Systems
•Desktop Operating Systems:
Designed for personal computers and workstations.
Examples: Windows, macOS, Linux distributions.

•Server Operating Systems:


Optimized for server hardware, providing services to other computers on the network.
Examples: Windows Server, Linux server distributions (e.g., Ubuntu Server, CentOS).

•Mobile Operating Systems:


Designed for smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices.
Examples: Android, iOS.

•Embedded Operating Systems:


Used in embedded systems and devices (e.g., IoT devices, industrial controllers).
Examples: Embedded Linux, FreeRTOS.
Categories of Operating Systems
•Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS):
Designed for systems with real-time requirements.
Examples: VxWorks, FreeRTOS.

•Network Operating Systems:


Facilitate communication and resource-sharing among computers in a network.
Examples: Novell NetWare (historical), modern networks often use general-purpose OS.

•Distributed Operating Systems:


Enable distributed computing across multiple interconnected computers.
Examples: Google's Chrome OS, Amoeba.

•Multi-User and Time-Sharing Operating Systems:


Support multiple users simultaneously.
Examples: UNIX, Linux.

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