ELEMENT DESIGN to BS 8110:1997

COLUMN DESIGN SYMMETRICAL RECT-ANGULAR

COLUMN DESIGN

INPUT Location D&D: external column

Axial load, N 4000 kN fcu 40 N/mm²
Moment, M 117.0 kNm fy 420 N/mm²
height, h 300 mm fyv 420 N/mm²
breadth, b 300 mm gm 1.05 steel
Max bar Ø 25 mm gm 1.50 concrete
cover (to link) 30 mm Link Ø 10 mm

CALCULATIONS D&D: external column

from M As = {M - 0.67fcu.b.dc(h/2 - dc/2)}/[(h/2-d').(fsc+fst).gm] (3.4.4.1)
from N As = (N - 0.67fcu.b.dc/gm) / (fsc - fst) (Figs 2.1, 2.2 & 3.3)
where As = Ast = Asc: dc=min(h,0.9x)
.67fcu/gm = 17.9 N/mm² d' = 52.5 mm
fy/gm = 400.0 N/mm² d = 247.5 mm
from iteration, n.a. depth, x, = 182.1 mm dc = 163.9 mm
0.67.fcu.b.dc/gm = 878.4 kN
Steel comp strain = 0.00253
Steel tens strain = 0.00130
Steel stress in comp. face, fsc = 438 N/mm² (Comp. stress in reinf.)
Steel stress in tensile face, fst = 259 N/mm² (Tensile stress in reinf.)
from M, As = 825 mm² om N, As = 825 mm²
OK
OUTPUT D&D: external column
As req'd = 825mm² T&B:- PROVIDE 4T25
(ie 2T25T&B - 982mm² T&B - 2.2% o/a - @ 195cc.)

Links : - PROVIDE T8 @ 300

.

Strain diagram Stress diagram 17.9 N/mm²

5

12 2

9
12 2

Notes

9 Stresses in N/mm2
Compression +ve
7
- - - Neutral axis
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

ENTER DATA IN BLUE CELLS ONLY

COPY OUTPUT SECTION & PASTE BASIS

WHERE YOU WANT.
See BS8110 figures 2.1 & 2.2 and Cl 3.4.4.1
.
As from M M = 0.67fcu.b.dc(h/2 - dc/2)/gm + (Asc/
concrete Recommended link size = 8 mm M - 0.67fcu.b.dc(h/2 - dc/2)/gm = (Asc/2
. {M - 0.67fcu.b.dc(h/2 - dc/2)}/[(h/2-d').(

. As = {M - 0.67fcu.b.dc(h/2 - dc/2)}/[(h/2
(3.4.4.1)
gs 2.1, 2.2 & 3.3) As from N N = 0.67fcu.b.dc/gm + fsc.Asc - fstAst
dc=min(h,0.9x) (N - 0.67fcu.b.dc)/gm = fsc.Asc - fstAst
As = (N - 0.67fcu.b.dc) / [(fsc - fst).gm]

The one unknown is x, depth to neutral axis, theref

Iterating x to find where Nx=N base

Try value of x, mm 51

dc 45.45
0.67.fcu.b.dc/gm 244
- @ 195cc.)

Steel comp strain 0.00000

Steel tens strain 0.01379
Steel comp stress 0
Steel tens stress 438
As from M 1972
As from N -1785
Nx using As from N -620.65
Nx > N? (Y=1,N 0
Y's to date 0
next increment 50.5
tresses in N/mm 2

ompression +ve
- - - Neutral axis Summary
Req'd
min 0.4%
Total =
ie
ie use
ie

Checks
centres of ba

max centres
min centres
Astot<0?
Astot<0.4%
Astot>6.0%
Areas within 2.5%

Min N for crack control 720

Shear check: M/N <= 0.6h?

Shear checks
As =
=%
vc =
vc' =
Max V =
Input V =
Input No of legs
v=
(v - vc')bv =
S=
if shear critical use
if shear not critical use

Type of bar
centers
legs
provide
Column Rein

2.2 and Cl 3.4.4.1

c(h/2 - dc/2)/gm + (Asc/2).(h/2-d').(fsc+fst) ignoring side bars

(h/2 - dc/2)/gm = (Asc/2).(h/2-d').(fsc+fst)
c(h/2 - dc/2)}/[(h/2-d').(fsc+fst).gm] = Asc/2 = As

cu.b.dc(h/2 - dc/2)}/[(h/2-d').(fsc+fst).gm]

c/gm + fsc.Asc - fstAst

c)/gm = fsc.Asc - fstAst
u.b.dc) / [(fsc - fst).gm]
-3500000
Asc = Ast = As: dc=min(h,0.9x)
As from M

th to neutral axis, therefore iterate for solution satisfying above equations As from N

find where Nx=N based on reinforcemeent required for M with assumed x

101 202 152 202 176.8 202.0 189.4 176.8

90.9 181.8 136.35 181.8 159.075 181.8 170.4375 159.075

487 974 731 974 853 974 914 853

0.00175 0.00263 0.00233 0.00263 0.00250 0.00263 0.00257 0.00250

0.00515 0.00082 0.00226 0.00082 0.00144 0.00082 0.00111 0.00144
350 438 438 438 438 438 438 438
438 165 438 165 288 165 222 288
842 991 656 991 788 991 880 788
-6109 189 ### 189 1157 189 521 1157
412.93 1245.25 730.77 1245.25 970.69 1245.25 1103.38 970.69
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
0 1 1 2 2 3 4 4
101 -50.5 50.5 -25.25 25.25 -12.625 -12.625 6.3125
Additional term to ensure correct range of x considered

Graph of strains
1650 mm2 x
360 mm2 plot x
1650 mm2 Strain
1.68 T25 T&B Steel strain
2 T25 T&B 2T25 982 mm² 2.18 % Steel strain
4 T25 in all 4T25 1964 mm² 2.18 % Concrete strain
….. up to 2% shortfall in area - say ok Concrete strain
Max Min Baseline
195 mm 325 75
Graph of stresses
ok=1 1 Conc stress
ok=1 1
ok=1 1 Steel stresses
ok=1 1
ok=1 1 Neutral axis
ok=1 1

ok=1 1 OK
ok=1 1 OK

982 mm
1.32 kN
0.915
6.442 Formula 6b - to avoid shear cracking prior to the ultimate limit state
478.3 kN before shear calcs are necessary
10.0
2
0.135
120
187.1
175 mm centres
300 mm centres (max 300 mm cc, Min 12 dias, h or b)

T8 @
300
2
T8 @ 300
T8 @ 300 in 2 legs
Column Reinforcement
250.0

200.0

150.0

100.0

50.0

0.0
-3500000 -3000000 -2500000 -2000000 -1500000 -1000000 -500000 0 50000
As from M
As from N

ignoring any side bars

183.1 179.9 183.1 181.5 183.1 182.3 181.88

164.75625 161.915625 164.75625 163.335938 164.75625 164.046094 163.691016

883 868 883 875 883 879 877

0.00253 0.00252 0.00253 0.00253 0.00253 0.00253 0.00253

0.00127 0.00135 0.00127 0.00131 0.00127 0.00129 0.00130
438 438 438 438 438 438 438
254 271 254 262 254 258 260
832 809 832 820 832 826 823
777 946 777 857 777 816 836
1036.08 1003.17 1036.08 1019.57 1036.08 1027.81 1023.68
1 0 1 0 1 1 0
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
-3.15625 3.15625 -1.578125 1.578125 -0.789 -0.395 0.197

aph of strains
0 0 52.5 247.5 300 300 0
50 50 102.5 297.5 350 350 50
0 -0.00233 -0.00130 0.00253 0.00356 0

ncrete strain 0.00350 0.00356 -0.00233

ncrete strain -0.00356 0.00233
50 350
0 0
aph of stresses
0.0 178.7 178.7 0.0
350.0 350.0 186.1 186.1 0.0035591408
0.0 438.1 0.0 -259.2
299.5 299.5 100.5 100.5
167.9 167.9
-259.2 438.1
50.0

00.0

50.0

00.0

50.0

0.0
00 0 500000

182.08 182.17 182.13 182.10 182.09 182.09

163.868555 163.957324 163.912939 163.890747 163.879651 163.885199

878 879 879 878 878 878

0.00253 0.00253 0.00253 0.00253 0.00253 0.00253

0.00130 0.00129 0.00129 0.00130 0.00130 0.00130
438 438 438 438 438 438
259 259 259 259 259 259
825 825 825 825 825 825
826 821 823 825 825 825
1025.74 1026.78 1026.26 1026.00 1025.87 1025.94
0 1 1 1 0 0
5 5 5 5 5 6
0.099 -0.049 -0.025 -0.012 0.006 0.003

52.5 52.5 247.5 247.5

102.5 102.5 297.5 297.5

0 -0.00130 0 0.00253
-0.00130 0.00253

Neutral axis 167.9 167.90533447

-0.00233 0.00356