Simple stress -strain

1..A polymer block is xed to the rigid plates at its top and bottom
surface. If the top plate displaces 2 mm horizontally when it is subjected
to a horizontal force of 2 kN, determine shear modulus of polymer.
Consider the width of the block is 100 mm. If the same force is applied
normally on horizontal face in vertical direction, it is elongated by 0.7 mm
in the direction of load, determine the poisson's ratio of polymer.

2. An aluminum rod shown in gure has the circular cross-section and subjected to an axial load of 10
kN. The material have bilinear stress-strain curve. Determine the elongation of rod when load is

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applied. If load is removed from the bar, what will be the nal change in length.

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KIMPa

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10km

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3. The steel rod is stress free before the axial
A900mm A
loads P =150 kN and P =90 kN are applied to 2000mm
I 2
the rod. Calculate the stress in each seg ents 12,2mm
500Mt 250mm 3 0mm

m
after the load is applied.
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4. A prismatic bar of length L, cross-sectional area A, modulus of elasticity E, and weight W
hangs vertically under its own weight. Determine the ratio of elongation of the upper half of the
bar to the elongation of the lower half of the bar.
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5. A truss ABC shown in gure is subjected to a horizontal load P at

joint B. The two bars are identical with cross section area A and
Bao P
elastic modulus 'E'. Determine the horizontal displacement of joint B. E
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A
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6. A round bar AB of length L, rotates about an axis passing

through one end with constant angular speed w rad/s. The
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material of the bar has weight density r . Determine the

elongation and the maximum tensile stress in the bar.
L
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7. Three mass m, 2m and 3m are attached by circular c/s rod

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and rotated around a vertical axis at W rad/sec as shown in W

gure. Consider the mass to be concentrated as points, for W
equal stress in all the three rod, the cross section area of the Im Im Im
rod in the three segment will be in the ratio of

8. Determine the change in dimension and change in volume of specimen as shown in gure.
Take L=500 mm, H=200 mm, B=400 mm, ¹ = 0:3 and E = 210 GP a
500km

B
1000K

L 2000k
9. A reinforced concrete column 450 mm x 450 mm has four steel rods of 25 mm diameter each
embedded in it. Determine the maximum safe load that may be applied if the allowable stresses in
steel and concrete are 140 N/mm2 and 5 N/mm2 respectively. Take E for steel = 205 kN/mm2 and
E for concrete = 13.6 kN/mm 2

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10. A rigid bar AB of length 5 m is hinged to a

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support at A and supported by two vertical wires
attached at points C and D as shown. Both wires

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have the same cross-sectional area (A = 200 mm2)
and are made of the same material (E = 200 GPa).
A 1m 2M 2m B
The wire at C has length of 1.8 m and the wire at D
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has length of 2.4 m. Determine the downward
displacement at end B of the bar. 28KN
11. A 0.4 m x 0.4 m square ABCD is drawn on a thin plate prior
to loading. Subsequent to loading, the square has the
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dimension shown by the dashed lines in the gure. Determine 0.25m C
fmB
the value of plane strain component at corner A.
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fmffotm
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12. A prismatic bar of length L and cross-sectional area A is hangs vertically
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as shown in gure. The bar is made up of material which follow ¾ = E"(3=2). 1k

Find out the elongation of the bar (Take W = weight of the bar)
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13. For the given con guration determine the displacement of point C.
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L L L A A
Take LAB = ; LBC = ; LBD = AAB = A; ABC = ; ABD =
2 2 3 2 3 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.in
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14. A 50 mm diameter rubber rod is placed in a 51 mm diameter
hole with rigid wall. Determine the change in length of the rod
when the 8 kN load is applied. Take E = 40 M P a and ¹ = 0:45:
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15. A cube of size (a x a x a) is x in two direction and free to expand in 3rd direction. If the temperature
of the cube is increased by T*C, what will be the expansion in free direction? If the cube is also free to
expand in another latral direction, nd the expansion in free direction.

16. A prismatic bar AB xed between two rigid support A and

B as shown in gure. If temperature of the bar is increased
non-uniformly from zero at A to T*C at B in a manner that the s
temperature change at x distance from 'A' is
x2
T 2 . Determine the max stress in the bar. A L B
L

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17. A bar made up of aluminium and steel is held
between supports. The bars are stress free at
40°C. What will be the stresses in the bars if the At 25mm steelof50mm

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temperature is dropped down to 20°C if (i) the
supports are non-yielding and (ii) the supports can 300mm 600 mm
come closer by 0.1 mm. Take

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¡6 ±
Est = 210 GP a EA1 = 74 GP a ®st = 11 ¢ 7 £ 10 = C
®A1 = 23 ¢ 4 £ 10¡6 =± C

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18. A bronze sleeve is slipped over a steel bolt and held in place by a nut that is tightened to produce
an initial stress of 15 MPa in the bronze. Find the stress in each ma erial after the temperature of
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assembly is increased by 60*C. The properties of the material is given below
Area(mm2 ) ®(=± C) E(GP a)

Bronze sleeve 200 20 £ 10¡6 80

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¡6
steel bolt 100 12 £ 10 200

19. A rigid slab connected with aluminum and copper rod as shown
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in gure. The temperature of aluminum rod is increased by 50°C

where as that for copper is increased by 85°C. By considering rigid
1181
slab as massless, determine the stress developed in aluminum and
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copper bar. Take LCu = LA1 = 750mm Acu = 400 mm2 AA1 = 500 mm2
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®A1 = 23 ¢ 1 £ 10¡6 =± C ; ®cu = 16 ¢ 8 £ 10¡6 =± C Ecu = 120 GP a
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EA1 = 70 GP a

miss n
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20. A rigid bar ABC is supported with steel and bronze

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rod as shown in gure. If the temperature of assembly is Bronze

increased by 50*C, nd the stress developed in steel s 3m
and bronze.
Take Asteel = 300 mm2 ; Abronze = 1400 mm2
®stee1 = 12 £ 10¡6 =± C; ®bronze = 19 £ 10¡6 =± C
ERIE 3m i
Esteel = 200 GP a; Ebronz e = 80 GP a
20. Determine the sti ness required in the spring, for the system shown in
gure for stopping a mass of 2 kg moving at a velocity of 3 m/sec such that
during impact, the spring de ection would not exceed 20 mm. cnn.IE
21. A steel rope lowers a mass 1020 kg at a rate of 1 m/sec. When the length of the rope unwound is
10 m, it suddenly gets jamed. Determine the instantenous stress induced in it due to sudden stoppage
and max instantenous elongation if the diameter of the rope is 30 mm. Take E = 2 £ 105 M P a

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shear Force-Bending Moment
Draw SFD and BMD

2 D a

g q TmÑp
w M w M

EE

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A
A Y B
Is B

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7. Draw SFD and BMD for beam ABCD.

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OE20KN
cable

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8m 201m
ftp.myffdm
6m B on a on D I'm

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9. For the given loading diagram, what is the position of mement "M" such that maximum BM is
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minimum possible

a) a = 0 b) a = L/3
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c) a = L/2 d) a = L

10. A SSB with equal overhang carries UDL over entire span. If the length between the support is L and
overhang on each side is 'a' . Draw SFD and BMD if i) L > 2a, ii) L = 2a, iii) L < 2a. What will be the
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relation between 'a' and 'L’ so that maximum BM will be least possible.
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FF Ea
m

For the given SFD draw the loading diagram and BMD.
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21mi
7
1 75m m 2m
gg
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10 2

31,15T
14. The SFD of a beam is shown below. The ab olute maximum BM is

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a) 2Pa b) 4Pa
c) 5Pa d) 7Pa

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For the given BMD draw the loading diagram and SFD.

MIKAMI

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16
1375
I 21m
28.25
m
41.75
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10m 5m 5m
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AB = DE = a
BD = EF = 2a
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E
A
B C E
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2
52s
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17. For the given frame force is normal to the plane of diagram. Determine the SF, BM and TM at xed
end 'A'.
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L B
L

P
Transformation of stress and strain
1..A 2D stress element on a plate is shown. Find the following
a) stress component on a plane which is at 40* CW from vertical plane and
represent the stress on the plane. Also nd the resultant stress on this plane. 12ᵗʰ
b) Principal stress and its orientation. 60
c) Maximum shear stress and its orientation.
d) Absolute maximum shear stress. 25MP
e) A circle of diameter 100 mm is drawn on the plate which deform into ellipse.
Find the orientation of ellipse and its length of major and minor axis. Take
E = 200 GP a and ¹ = 0:3

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2. The state of stress on two inclined plane is as shown in gure. Determine the normal stress on plane
BC and principal stress.

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37.321Pa

13
242MPa

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3. A square plate are assembled by welding along diagonal as shown in

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gure, subjected to stresses. The tensile and shear strength of the plate
material are 125 MPa and 65 MPa respectively where as for welding joint it
is 100 MPa and 60 MPa respectively. Which of the following is true for plate
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a
a) plate will fail due to material in tension.
b) plate will fail due to material in shear. Joi I
c) plate will fail at joint in tension.
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d) plate will fail at joint in shear.

4. The state of stress at a point is the result of superposition of three di erent state of stress as shown
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in gure. Determine the principal stresses and position of its plane after superposition of these state of
stress.

301mm
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75km2
fits ii
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5. A piece of material is subjected to two perpendicular tensile stress of 70 MPa and 10 MPa. The
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magnitude of the resultant stress on a plane which is at 30* from major principal plane?
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6. For the given state of stress at a point ¾1 = ¾2 . The inclination of a plane on which normal stress is
tensile in nature, from tensile principal plane is

E a) < 45±
c) > 45±
b) = 45±
d) on all plane

7. The state of stress at a point of a body is given by ¾x = ¡6 M P a; ¾y = 2 M P a and ¿xy = 3 M P a

which of the following is/are true at that point
a) In the plane of max shear, normal stress is compressive in nature.
b) In the plane of pure shear, shear stress is of 4 MPa.
c) there exist at least one plane where normal stress is zero.
d) both the principal stress is of opposite in nature.

8. The stress at a point on a material is shown in gure.

Determine the position of the plane AB from vertical when A
i) the resultant stress on AB has greatest magnitude. 80Pa
ii) the resultant stress on AB has the least magnitude.
iii) the resultant stress on AB is most inclined to the normal.
iv) shear stress on plane AB is maximum.
50MPa β

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9. At a point in a material subjected to two dimensional stresses, the
stresses on a certain plane are 75 N/mm2 tension and 50 N/mm2 75 50
shear and on another plane the stresses are 45 N/mm2 tension and

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40 N/mm2 shear as shown in gure. Find the principal stresses and
their directions relative to the given planes.
95

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10. A solid bronze shaft 60 mm in diameter is rotating at 800 rpm and transmitting power. It is

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subjected to torsion only and a strain gauge is mounted on the surface of the shaft with its axis at 45°
to shaft axis gives the strain reading as 3.98 X 10 4. Given E = 105 GP a and ¹ = 0:3
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Find the power transmitted by the shaft.

11. A strain rosette is used to measure linear strain in 3-di erent

direction as shown in gure. Calculate
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a) Maximum shear strain

b) Principal stress Ec
T ake "A = 500 £ 10¡6 ; "B = 350 £ 10¡6 ; "C = 800 £ 10¡6 ; EB
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µB = 60± ; µC = 135± ; E = 200 GP a and ¹ = 0:33:

90B
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12. A at bar 10 mm thick and 100 mm wide is subjected to a pull of 96 kN. On one side of the bar a
square of 50 mm side is drawn with one diagonal of the square being along the middle line. Calculate
the change in the side and angle of the square.
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T ake ¹ = 0:28 and E = 210 GP a

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Slope and Deflection results
L M QEO.BE EI
FII
a
as amid 0mi
t
B 95 É III
9B 8 4 2 1.4 EE
gg Mat
E

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of iffy

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4 013 013 b

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013 0
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III B 0,3 IEE.SI I 14
f P4 B0A 0B O

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42 f
A 424m B 9 05PEE.ME8ET1QxmMn
BOA OB
Omax 40s
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z
Thepositionof max deflection will
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in between the pointof

appl cation
be
of load and midsection of
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the beam
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mÑh B QE LIFE
Δmid Δmax
max E
0,5 If
Omax I.GS
0.00652 49
Slope and de ection
1..For the given loading diagram determine slope and de ection at B.

Bmmfm A
2. For the given loading diagram determine slope at A and B and maximum de ection.

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3. A cantilever beam
¡ 2
AB¢ is subjected to a parabolically varying load of W
intensity w = W L ¡ x2 =L2 where W is the maximum intensity of the

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load. Determine the de ection and angle of rotation at the free end.
B
!L
0 ¼x
4. The equation of elastic curve for a SSB of length 'L' , is given by y = ¡ ¼4 EI sin L . Find the load on

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the beam.

5. For the given loading diagram determine the

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slope at A and F and de ection at D. 120KN30KNM 20KNIM
Take E = 200 GPa and I = 2.6×109 mm 4. A
IME
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F

5m 5m 5m 5m
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6. For the given frame determine the slope and de ection at C.

A
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B
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7. For the given frame determine the horizontal displacement of C.

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Iff
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a
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8. A stepped beam ABC is simply supported at A and xed at C as shown. Determine vertical reaction
at A.

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9. A simple beam pin supported at one end and spring
supported at the other end as shown in gure.
Determine the de ection under the force. 42 42 K=
48EI
L3

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10. A triangular shape can ilever beam of
uniform thickness is shown in gure.
Determine the de ection at free end.

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as

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11. For the given loading diagram, determine slope at A, de ection at B and maximum de ection.

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(consider a > b) .

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12. For the given loading diagram, determine the slope and de ection at C.

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A B 42 C
13. For the given loading diagram, determine all the reactions.
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14. For the given loading diagram determine slope at A and de ection at B.
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AA of
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15. For the given loading diagram determine the slope and de ection at C.
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16. Find the de ection at the end B for the guided beam as shown in gure. M

17. For the given loading diagram, determine the reaction at B.

Take E = 200 GPa and I = 380×106 mm .
8 2 mm A
shift c

3m 3m
18. Two cantilever of same exural rigidity is in contact at B
through a rigid roller. Find the contact force at B.
an Iffhs
19. The properties of the beam are E = 72 GPa and I = 126×106 mm 4 .
The built in support at B has a loose t that allow the beam to rotate
through the angle 0.75°. Determine the support reaction. 19 2m B

20. Two beam are connected by a linear spring as shown in gure.

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Find the spring force.
K É

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21. For the given loading diagram determine de ection at C.

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A 42BmfIC
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22. The beam GHI is supported by three pontoons as shown. The cross-sectional area of each
pontoons is 8 m². The exural rigidity of the beam is 10000 kNm2 , unit weight of water is 10 kN/m3 .
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Determine the di erence in elevation between G and H.

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23. For the given loading diagram, determine the slope and de ection at C.
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24. For the given loading diagram determine the sti ness of the beam.
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41
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25. The equivalent spring constant for the setup shown below,
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where EI = unity throughout is?

P
unit
f
as unit

unit
26. A simply supported beam of uniform rectangular cross section of width b and depth h is subjected
to linear temperature gradient 0*C at top and T*C at bottom as shown in gure. The coe cient of
thermal expansion of metal is α. The vertical de ection of the mid span of the beam is

®T h2 ®T L2
Oc a) (upward) b) (upward)
8L 8h
®T h2 ®T L2
c) (downward) d) (downward)
L 1 TC
8L 8h

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Torsion of shaft

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1.. A solid circular bar of 0.5 m diameter and 2 m length is subjected to 20 kNm torque about Z- axis as
shown. The stress component at point M is
Tay
a) 0
m b) 0:51 M P a
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G 2 c) 0 ¢ 815 M P a d) 2 M P a

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2. Three solid circular bar of diameter d , d and d

1 2 3
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are welded together in the same plane as shown in
gure. All the three rods are welded with three
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identical pulley each of diameter 15 cm. If P , P

and P acts on pulley A, B and C respectively, 2 Pgs
3
determine the maximum shear stress developed in a y a
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any of the bar. Take d = 15 mm, d = 10 mm, d =

12 mm and P = 250N.
I 2 3
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3. A solid circular bar ABCD with xed support is acted upon by 2T

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torque T and 2T as shown. If the diameter of the bar is'd', determine

the maximum stress in the bar.
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4. A stepped shaft ABCD is rigidity xed at both end as
shown in gure. The torsional sti ness of section AB, BC and
CD are given as 20 kNm/rad, 30 kNm/rad and 40 kNm/rad
respectively. Determine the angle of twist at C.
45 1
5. A steel bolt having shank length L is tigh ened with in a hole with the help of a T torque acting on the
head. The resistive torque on the shank is given by t = k.x³ Nm/m, here x is measured from the bolt
x
head and k is a constant. Determine the angle of twist between the two ends of the bolt.
6. An elastic circular shaft is xed at both end is subjected
to a uniformly distributed torque t per unit length as shown
in gure. Determine the maxi um angle of twist. EFFIE 42
7. Compare the strength and angle of twist per unit length for two shaft one is solid circular cross-
section with diameter 300 mm and another is a hollow circular cross-section with inner diameter 200
mm. The cross-sectional area and the material is same for both shaft.

8. Gear B supplies 15 kW of power, while gear A, C and D withdraw 6 kW, 4 kW and 5 kW respectively.
The allowable shear stress and corresponding angle of twist of the shaft is 75 MPa and 0.05 rad
respectively. The running speed of shaft is 600 rpm. Determine the minimum diameter of shaft. (Take

y
G= 80 GPa)

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B C D
A

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k
mm mTm'm
9. A composite shaft is made by shrink tting a steel tube over a

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brass core so that they acts as a unit in torsion. The shear modulus Steel
of steel and brass are 75 GPa and 39 GPa respectively. Calculate Brass
torque resisted by brass and steel and maximum shear stress in

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brass and steel due to a torque of 90 Nm.

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10. The mean dimension of the cross section of a tube is

shown. The allowable shear stress is 125 MPa. Determine 410mm
the maximum allowable torque and the corresponding
angle of twist per unit length. (Take G = 80 GPa)
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Bending and shear stress
20mm
1.. A wide ange beam is subjected to a SF of 20 kN as shown.
Determine the SF res sted by ange and the maximum shear stress.
300mm

200mm
2. In gure shown below a rectangular section (200×300) mm subjected

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to sagging BM of 150 kNm acting about NA. What is the tensile force 200 mm

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and moment shared by shaded area.
300M
NA

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1111100mm
58mm

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3. A cantilever beam has a square cross section of mm

m T.EE
10 mm size. It carries a transverse load of intensity
mm
10 N/m. Consider only bottom bre of the beam,
the correct representation of longi udinal variation
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of bending stress is 9 b

c d
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4. A massless rod of rectangular cross section

as shown is sub ected to a force P at O. The
orPz
6P 10P

stress at point Q is given by

b a)
b2
b)
b2
14P 2P
Q
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c) ¡ 2 d) ¡ 2
b b

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5. If a wooden circular log is to be used to make a rectangular cross section of strongest beam, then
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prove that the ratio of depth to width of the beam is .

52
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6. The cross section of a machine element used as a beam as shown.

The permissible stress in tension and in compression are 40 N/mm² and 30
48 N/mm² respectively. Determine the moment of resistance of the
section for positive BM (all dimension are in mm).

60

30 60 30
7. A 1.5 m long bar of 0.5 m diameter loaded as shown in gure.
Determine the maximum normal stress at point A and B.
54km T

8. A test in conducted on a beam loaded by end couple. The bres

E
at layer CD are found to lengthen by 0.03 mm and bres at layer

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AB shorten by 0.09 mm in 20 mm gauge length as shown. Taking
E = 200 GPa, the exural stress at top bres would be.

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9. Draw the mohr’s circle of point 1, 2 and 3 for the given loading diagram.

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mmmmm
100 2

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3

FELL 9
m
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10. A cantilever of 3 m length is subjected to a force
of F = 20 kN in y-z plane at 40* from z axis as shown. it
Find the position of NA in the cross section.

IF
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11. A 125 mm × 300 mm I-beam is to be used as cantilever of 3 m length. If the permissible stress 120
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N/mm², what uniformly distributed load can be carried by beam. Take I = 80 × 106 mm 4. If the
cantilever is to be strengthen by addition of plates 12.5 mm thick, welded to the top and bottom ange.
Find the width of the plate required to withstand an increase of 50% in load and length over which the
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plate should extend, the maximum stress is being same.

12. A cantilever beam having rectangular cross sections with width varying linearly from zero at free end
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to maximum value b at support. How should the height vary along the length if the beam is of uniform
strength carrying UDL over entire length? ( h is the height of beam at x support)
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13. A 500×500 mm timber is strengthened by the addition of 500×8 mm steel plate x to its top and
bottom surface. The composite beam is simply su ported at its end and carries a concentrated force
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of 200 kN at mid section. The length of the beam is 6m. Find the maximum bending stress in steel and
timber. Take E for steel = 200 GPa and E for timber = 10 GPa.

14. The cross section of a beam made of aluminum and steel is as shown.
The elastic modulus of Al and steel are 75 GPa and 200 GPa respectively.
Under the action of a BM the maximum stress in aluminum is 50 MPa. What At 40mm
will be the maximum stress in steel.
steel 80mm

30mm
15. A wooden beam 30 cm x 20 cm in section is strengthened by two steel
plates (25 x 1) cm as shown in gure. If the allowable stress in wood is 8 MPa
then the allowable stress in steel will be. Take E for steel = 200 GPa and E for
wood = 8 GPa. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.ie

16. A box section of the beam is made of wood, which are connected
through nails as shown. The longitudinal spacing between nails are 100 mm.

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The SF on cross section is 10.7 kN. If diameter of each nail is 4 mm, average iii
shear stress in the nail is?

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260mm

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4,50mm
0mm

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Theory of failure
1.. At a critical point in a structural member yielding occurred under a state of stress given by
" #
0 0 30
0 80 0 MP a
30 0 50

Determine the uniaxial tensile yield strength of the material according to

a) Rankine theory
b) St. Venant's theory
c) Tresca theory
d) Haigh's theory

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e) Von-Mises theory.

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Take Poissons ratio = 0.3 and = 150 MPa.
Also determine the FOS in each case.
2. A circular bar of uniform cross section carrying moment and torque

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simultaneously as shown in gure. Determine the diameter according to
following theory of failure.
a) Max Normal stress theory
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b) Max shear stress theory
Take T = 30 Nm, M = 55 Nm, ¾y = 280 M P a and ¹ = 0:3

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3. A brittle material of ultimate strength in tension and in compression is of 30 MPa
G Pa
5M
and 40 MPa respectively. The material is subjected to following state of stress.
According to max principal strain theory, determine the ma imum magnitude of
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that can be developed. Take µ= 0.25. Tse on
4. According to the maximum shear stress theory, permissible torsional moment in a circular shaft is T.
The permissible to sional moment in the same circular shaft as per maximum principal stress theory is
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a) T =2 b) T c) 2T d) 2T

5. Consider the two state of stress as shown in gure I and II. According to Von-Mises criterion, which
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on of the following statement is true?

a) I yields after II
b) II yields after I
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c) Both yield simultaneously

d) nothing can be said about their relative yielding. e E
IT IF
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Column
1.. A rectangular column with cross section dimension (b x h) is
pin supported at ends. The column is restrained in the plane of c 484
the gure but free to de ect perpendicular to the plane of the
gure at B. Determine the ratio h/b such that the critical load is
b
same for buckling in the two principal plane of the column.

IFt.fi
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2. A 70 mm x 100 mm cross-section metal is used as a column with one end x and another is hinge.

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Determine the minimum length for which Euler's formula can be used if Young's modulus E = 70 GPa

as
and yield limit of 200 MPa.
3. An assembly is made using two steel rod, each having circular

ee
cross-section. If the diameter of rod AB is 30 mm and that for BC
t.EE
is 20 mm. Determine the largest load it can support without
causing any rod to buckle. Assume all the connection are pin a
iiiEmm

ad
joint. Take E = 200 GPa.

4. A 2 m long bar of rectangular cross-section (50 mm x 80 mm) is used as column with one end xed

m
another is free. Assuming that Euler's formula is applicable and the mat rial attains its yield strength at
the time of buckling. Determine the maximum de ection. Take E = 210 GP a and ¾y = 300 M P a
r@
5. The column with constant EI has the end constraints shown in gure. Determine the
critical load for the column.
48
Si

leod
du

6. Two rigid bar AB and BC are pin jointed at B. The bar AB is connected with a
rotational spring having sti ness K at A and with a linear spring with sti ness 48
I
en

t
K at D as shown in gure. Determine the critical load.

In
al
m

f Ke
Vi