Data Communication and Computer Network Course Code: 314318

Practical No. 15: *Execute TCP/IP network commands: ipconfig, ping, tracert

I
Practical Significance
The full form of TCP/IP is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol..TCP/IP is the key
part of the fundamental structure of the system. It enables you to talk with another system just
by implementing a program or command. Student should be able to study and run basic TCP/IP
utilities and networking commands: ipconfig, ping, tracert.
II
Industry / Employer Expected Outcome(s)
1. Run TCP/IP Utilities: ipconfig, ping, tracert
2. Able to check configuration details of computer
3. Able to troubleshoot computer network by commands
III
Course Level Learning Outcomes(s)
CO4 - Configure different TCP/IP services
IV
Laboratory Learning Outcome(s)
LLO 15.1 Troubleshoot computer network using commands.
V
Relevant Affective Domain related Outcomes
 Follow safely Measures
 Follow ethical practice
VI
Relevant Theoretical Background
 TCP/IP utilities:
To assist with the management of TCP/IP. There are three types of TCP/IP-based utilities.
1. Connectivity utilities that you can use to interact with and use resources on a variety of
systems.
2. Diagnostic utilities that you can use to detect and resolve networking problems.
3. TCP/IP server software that provides printing and publishing services to TCP/IP based
Microsoft Windows client.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education ( ‗K‘ Scheme) 88

Data Communication and Computer Network Course Code: 314318

Utility Type Examples (networking commands)

Connectivity FTP, LPR, TELNET, TFTP, RSH, RCP
Diagnostic Ping, Ipconfig, Tracert, ARP, Hostname
Server software TCP/IP Printing service, Internet Information Services, Peer
Web Services
 Ipconfig Command
IPCONFIG stands for Internet Protocol Configuration.
This Command Displays detailed information about all adapters, including the IP address,
subnet mask, default gateway, DHCP server, and DNS servers etc.
Used without parameters ipconfig displays the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway for
all adapters. By default, this command displays only the IP address, subnet mask, and default
gateway for each adapter bound to TCP/IP.
Syntax:
ipconfig [/allcompartments] [/? | /all | /renew [adapter] | /release [adapter] |/renew6 [adapter] |
/release6 [adapter] | /flushdns | /displaydns | /registerdns |/showclassid adapter | /setclassid
adapter [classid] |/showclassid6 adapter | /setclassid6 adapter [classid] ]
Following table shows use of ipconfig command with different options

Parameter Description
/? Displays the help message
/all Displays complete configuration information
/release Uses DHCP to release the IP address for the specified adapter
/release6 Uses DHCPv6 to release the IPv6 address for the specified
adapter
/renew Uses DHCP to renew the IP address for the specified adapter
/renew6 Uses DHCPv6 to renew the IPv6 address for the specified adapter
/flushdns Purges the DNS cache
/registerdns Uses DHCP to refresh all DHCP leases and re-registers DNS
names
/displaydns Displays the contents of the DNS cache
/showclassid Displays all the DHCP class IDs allowed for the adapter

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education ( ‗K‘ Scheme) 89

Data Communication and Computer Network Course Code: 314318

/setclassid Modifies the DHCP class ID

/showclassid6 Displays all the DHCPv6 class IDs allowed for the adapter
/setclassid6 Modifies the DHCPv6 class ID

Fig.No. 15.1. Output screen of command C:\>ipconfig/all

 Ping Command
PING (Packet Internet groper): The ping command is the basic troubleshooting tool for
TCP/IP.
It is a command used to verify the network connectivity of a computer. It uses a special protocol
called the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) to determine whether the remote machine
(website, server, etc.) can receive the test packet and reply. This command is used to test a
machine‘s connectivity to another system and to verify that the target system is active.
Usually, this command is the first step to any troubleshooting if a connectivity problem is
occurring between two computers. The Ping utility executes an end-to-end connectivity test to
other devices and obtains the round-trip time between source and destination device. Ping uses
the ICMP Echo and Echo Reply packets to test connectivity. Excessive usage may appear to be
a denial of service (DoS) attack.

Syntax: ping <ip address>

ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS][-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k
host-list]][-w timeout] [-R] [-S srcaddr] [-c compartment] [-p][-4] [-6] target_name
Following table shows use of ping command with different options

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education ( ‗K‘ Scheme) 90

Data Communication and Computer Network Course Code: 314318

Parameter Description

-t Pings the specified host until interrupted (press Ctrl+C to stop

sending).
-a Resolves addresses to hostnames.
-n count Indicates the number of Echo Requests to send.
Sends a specific size of data. If this size is greater than the local
-l size
network can handle, the sender will generate fragmented packets
directly on the network.
-f Sets the Don ‗t Fragment flag in the packet.
-i TTL Sets the Time to Live value in the packet.
-vTOS Sets the type of service in the packet.
Indicates that the Ping process should record the route for the number
-r count
of count hops specified.
Indicates that the Ping process should maintain Timestamp
-s count
information for the number of count hops specified.
Indicates that the Ping process should follow a loose source route path
-j host_list
along the host_list path
Indicates that the Ping process should follow a strict source route
-k host_list
along the host_list path.
-w timeout Indicates the number of milliseconds the host should wait for each
reply.
-R Use the router header to test the reverse route as well (IPv6 only).
-S srcaddr What address to use to source ping from.
-p Ping yper-V Network Virtualization provider address.
-4 Use IPv4 specifically.
-6 Use IPv6 specifically.
● Example 1

Fig.No. 15.2. Output screen of command C:\>ping

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education ( ‗K‘ Scheme) 91

Data Communication and Computer Network Course Code: 314318

● Example 2

Fig.No. 15.3. Output screen of command C:\>ping

If the connection is successful, you will see a series of responses displaying the round-trip time,
indicating that your internet connection is working. To stop pinging we should use ctrl+c
otherwise it will keep on sending packets.
Here,
● min: minimum time to get a response
● avg: average time to get responses
● max: maximum time to get a response
 Tracert (traceroute)
In the internet, data packets travel through a series of routers before reaching their destination.
Tracert is a command that allows you to trace this path.
It traces the route taken by your data, revealing each hop (router) it encounters and the time it
takes to reach it.
Syntax: tracert<ip address>
tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] [-R] [-S srcaddr] [-4] [-6] target_name
Following table shows use of tracert command with different options.
Parameter Description

-d Tells the system not to resolve addresses to host names

-h maxHops Specifies the maximum number of hops to search for target
-w timeout Specifies the number of milliseconds to wait for each reply
-4 Specifies to use IPv4 specifically
-6 Specifies to use IPv6 specifically
-R Trace round-trip path (IPv6-only).

-S srcaddr Source address to use (IPv6-only).

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education ( ‗K‘ Scheme) 92

Data Communication and Computer Network Course Code: 314318

Fig.No. 15.4. Output screen of command C:\>tracert

After running the Tracert command, you‗ll be presented with a list of hops, each showing the
time taken for your data to travel.
VII
Recourses Required:
 Computer / Networked Computers
VIII
Precautions to be followed:
1. Handle Computer system and peripherals with care.
2. Follow safety Practices
IX
Procedure
1. Open Command Prompt
2. Run Utilities with options
X
Conclusion
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education ( ‗K‘ Scheme) 93

Data Communication and Computer Network Course Code: 314318
XI Practical related questions
1. What is a purpose of TCP/IP utilities. Give the use of connectivity utility and also write 2
examples of it.
2. Give the name of commands to find out hostname and MAC address of computer.
3. Which are the different things are checked using ping command?
4. Give a syntax of tracert command.
5. What is a use of ―/release‖ and ― /renew‖ option used in lpconfig?
Space for Answer
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education ( ‗K‘ Scheme) 94

Data Communication and Computer Network Course Code: 314318

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education ( ‗K‘ Scheme) 95
Data Communication and Computer Network Course Code: 314318

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

XII References:
1. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org /How to Use the Tracert (Traceroute) Command in Windows? -
GeeksforGeeks
2. https://www.pluralsight.com/blog/it-ops/top-7-tcpip-utilities-every-networking-pro-should-know

XIII Assessment Scheme (25 Marks)

S. No. Weightage- Process related: 60% Marks-15
1. Practical Implementation with Specified time:40%
2. Handling of Network components:10%
3. Follow Ethical Practices:10%
Weightage- Product related: 40% Marks-10
4. Correctness of Practical:15%
5. Timely Submission:15%
6. Answer to Sample questions:10%

Total 25

Dated Signature of Course Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education ( ‗K‘ Scheme) 96