93202

932020
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Scholarship 2024
Calculus
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2

QUESTION ONE

2x 2 + 1
(a) Consider the curve y = , which is shown below.
3x 2 − 4x − 2

–10 –5 5 10 x

–5

(i) Find the coordinates of any stationary points on the curve, and determine their nature.

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2x 2 + 1
(ii) Find the value of lim .
x→∞ 3x 2 − 4x − 2
Hence, find the coordinate(s) where the curve intersects its own asymptote(s).

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(b) For what real value(s) of α does the following system of equations have no real solutions?
x3 + y3 = 2
x + y = α

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(c) A landscaper is building steps up one side of a y

48 metre high hill.
The slope of this side of the hill can be
modelled by the curve
y = kx2(126 – x)
where both x and y are in metres and k is a
constant to be determined. x
depth
Building regulations state that each step needs
280 mm min
to have a minimum depth of 280 mm and a
maximum height of 190 mm, as shown.

If the landscaper chooses to build each step height

190 mm max
with a depth of 280 mm, would the steps all
satisfy the maximum height regulations?
You must use calculus to support your answer.

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QUESTION TWO y

(a) For any two functions f and g defined on an interval,

a ≤ x ≤ b, the max value function is defined as:
max (f,g)
f (x) if f (x) g(x)
max( f , g) =
g(x) if f (x) < g(x) g (x)

To demonstrate, an example is shown opposite.

f (x)
The max value function can be applied to more than
two functions in a similar manner.

(
Consider the function h(x) = max 2 x ,2x, x 2 ) x
on the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 3.

3
Evaluate the definite integral ∫0 h(x) dx .

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(b) Given that

dy
dx
d3 y
( )( )
= 1+ y 2 , find the value of M for which 3 = M 1+ y 2 1+ 3y 2 .
dx

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(c) For any real number x, the absolute value of x is defined as:
–x if x < 0
x=
x if x 0

Consider the function sn(x) = |x – 1| + |x – 2| + ... + |x – n| with n > 2.

⎛ 5⎞ 5
(i) Find s3′ ⎜ ⎟ , the derivative of s3 (x) evaluated at x = .
⎝ 2⎠ 2

(ii) Find the minimum value of s2024(x).

Justify your answer.

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QUESTION THREE
4 cos 2x
(a) Find the exact value of dx.
0 cos 2 x

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(b) Alice takes a ride at an amusement park that involves

• five spinning teacups that rotate on circular saucers
• a circular platform that rotates around a large teapot
at its centre.
The coordinates of Alice’s motion in the xy-plane (shown
as point A in the diagram below) can be described by the
parametric equations:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/
x = 4cosθ + cos 4θ
nycedc/4691066745
y = 4sin θ + sin 4θ

where θ is the anti-clockwise angle shown.

teacup A

θ
x
teapot

(i) Find the coordinates in the first quadrant where Alice is closest to the teapot.
Justify your answer.

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(ii) Find the distance Alice travels in one complete rotation around the teapot.
Note: when a curve is defined parametrically by the equations x = f (θ) and y = g (θ) on an
interval α ≤ θ ≤ β, we can find its length, L, by using the formula:

2 2
dx dy
L= + dθ
dθ dθ

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(c) In 2023, two American high-school students discovered a new proof of the Pythagorean Theorem
using trigonometry. In this question we will work through the key steps to derive their result.
The students’ proof makes use of the diagram below, which consists of an infinite number of
similar right-angled triangles enclosed within a large right-angled triangle. It was referred to by
the students as a “waffle cone”.
Note: to avoid circular logic, you should not make use of the Pythagorean Theorem or any of the
Pythagorean trigonometric identities at any step in your working for this question.

α α

c c
b

β β
α a a
α
v

β
β
u α
α

β
β
α
β

2ab
(i) Show that c 2 = .
sin 2α

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2abc
(ii) Show that u = and find a similar expression for v.
b2 − a 2
Hence, prove that a 2 + b2 = c 2.

Hint: the following formulae will prove useful:

⎛ 1− r n ⎞
Tn = T1r n−1 S n = T1 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 1− r ⎠

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QUESTION FOUR

(a) Consider all the complex numbers z that satisfy all of the following three conditions:

• arg(z)
3 3
• z+z 4
• z 2

Find the exact area of the region generated in an Argand diagram by the locus of points that
represent z.
Use the Argand diagram below to support your working.

Imaginary
8

Real
–8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8

–2

–4

–6

–8

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(b) If z = cos + isin and 0 , prove the following:

2
1
(i) = 1+ icot θ
1− z cosθ

(ii) 2 arg (z + 1) = arg (z)

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1
(c) The point P (2p, p) is some point on the line y = x where p ≥ 0.
2
(i) Consider the locus of points that are the same distance from P as they are from the line
y = –2x.

Explain why this locus is a parabola AND clearly describe its key features.
Note: you do not need to find the equation of the parabola.

(ii) Consider another point Q (q,–2q) on the line y = –2x where q ≤ 0.

Let R be the region enclosed by the locus of points that are three times as far from P as
they are from the point Q.
Now suppose the points P and Q are moving along their respective lines.

If p is increasing at a rate of 3 cm s–1, and q is decreasing at a rate of 2 cm s–1, at what rate

is the area of the region R increasing when P is (6,3) and Q is (–4,8)?
y
15

10
Q

x
–15 –10 –5 5 10 15

–5

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QUESTION
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Calculus 93202, 2024