1

1
Practical No. 1: Power transistor performance

I Practical Significance
Power Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) is the first semiconductor device to allow full
control over its Turn on and Turn off operations. Power transistors are mainly used in
high-power applications like power amplifiers and switched mode power supplies.

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and
practices to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'
1. Use multimeter to measure various electrical parameters.
11. Use the CRO to get the desired results.
m. Interpret the circuit diagrams.

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

a. Select power electronic devices for specific applications

V Practical Outcome
Test the proper functioning of power transistor

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Examine tools and equipment.

VII Minimum Theoretical Background

Power transistors can be NPN, PNP, Darlington forms. A power transistor has
vertically oriented four layer structure. Due to vertical structure it has low on state
resistance and hence low power loss in the device. It is physically larger and capable
of carrying more current without melting or burning up. The collector of the transistor
is connected to a metal base that acts as a heat sink to dissipate excess power.
Typical power ratings range from around 10 - 300 W, with frequency ratings from
about 1 - 100 MHz. Maximum collector current(Ic) values ranges between 1 - 100 A.
VIII Practical set-up / Circuit diagram / Work Situation

(0-30V)
(0-30V)

Figure 1 . V/I Characteristics of Power (BJT)

IX Resources Required

S.No. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

1 Regulated power supply 0-30/32 Voe 2No.
2 Digital Multimeter 0-200 Voe, 0-lA I l0A 2No.
3 Power Transistor BD139 ,2N3055 or any other available 1 No.
4 Resistors Re = 100 n , 5 watt 1 Each
RB= 3.3 Kn, 1 watt

X Precautions to be Followed
1. Ensure that all the knobs of the power supplies are at zero value before switching
them on.
2. Do not increase the base current more than its rated value.
3. The applied voltage, current should not exceed the maximum rating of the given
transistor.
4. If the power transistor is getting heated, either use appropriate heat sink or limit the
collector current.
5. Reading should be noted without parallax error.

XI Procedure
1. Make the circuit connection on bread board as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep knobs of DC supplies to zero.
3. Switch on power supply.
4. Increase V88 power supply gradually to increase I8 to set at the given value by
theteacher(say l0V to 30V).
5. Keep I8 constant, when increasing Vcc in steps of 1volt and record le and VCE..
6. Repeat steps 4 to 5 in increasing steps of 10 mA until le becomes constant.
7. Plot le versus VCE curves for various values of I8 on graph paper.
XII Resources Used

S. Name of Resource Broad Specifications Quantity Remarks

No. Make Details (If any)
1.
2.
3.
4.

XIII Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

XIV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

Sr.no 1st= ls2= Js3 =

le mA VCE volts le mA VCE volts le mA VCE volts

XV Results
1. Current gain ...............................
2. ................................................
Practical No. 2: Insulated gate bipolar transistor performance

I Practical Significance
This device is designed to make use of the benefits of both BJT and MOSFET devices.
This device is suitable for several applications in power electronics, particularly in
UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supplies), SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supplies),
induction heating, etc. It increases the efficiency, dynamic performance and reduces
the level of the audible noise (typically operated at high frequency more than 20 KHz).

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and
practices to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'
i. Use multimeter to measure various electrical parameters.
ii. Use the power supply to get the desired results
iii. Interpret the circuit diagrams

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

a. Select power electronic devices for specific applications

V Practical Outcome
Test the proper functioning of IGBT

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Examine tools and equipment.

VII Minimum Theoretical Background

IGBT is a hybrid MOS gated tum-on/tum-off bipolar transistor that combines the
attributes of MOSFET, BJT and thyristor. It has an input characteristics of a
MOSFET and an output characteristics of a bipolar transistor. That means it has high
input impedance and low on state conduction loss. But it has no second breakdown
problem like BJT. It has simple drive circuit, wide safe operating area, peak current
capability, ruggedness and bipolar voltage blocking capability like a thyristor. It has
three terminals, Collector (C), Emitter (E), source(S),and gate(G),according to a
MOSFET model or emitter(E),collector(C),and gate(G), according to a BJT model.
VIII Practical set-up / Circuit diagram / Work Situation

Figure 1 ..IGBT characteristics..

Note : Students should trace the circuit from the available kit and then draw the circuit
diagram. Also refer the datasheet for IGBT and then use relevant Power
supplies,Voltmeter and Ammeter.

IX Resources Required
S. No. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity
1 Regulated power supply 0-50 V DC 2No.
2 Digital Voltmeter 0-50V DC 2No.
3 Digital Ammeter 0-500 mA 1 No
4 IGBT IRG4BC20U 1 No.
5 Resistors Rg= 1 MQ 2 Nos.
Rd= 220 Q

Note : Students should trace the circuit from the available kit /kit manual and then
draw the circuit diagram. Also refer the datasheet for IGBT and then use relevant
IGBT ,Powersupplies,Voltmeter, and Ammeter.

X Precautions to be Followed
1. Ensure that all the knobs of the power supplies are at zero value before switching
them on.
2. Identify Gate, Collector, and Emitter terminals of the given IGBT and make the
connections as shown in the circuit diagram.
3. The applied voltage, current should not exceed the maximum rating of the given
IGBT.
4. If the IGBT is getting heated, either use appropriate heat sink or limit the
Collector current.
5. Reading should be noted without parallax error.
XI Procedure
a) Transfer Characteristic :
1. Make the circuit connection as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep knobs of DC supplies to zero
3. Switch on power supply.
4. Set VCE= 1OV and gradually vary power supply Vgg in steps of 1V and note
down le and Vge•
5. The minimum gate voltage Ygerequired for conduction ofIGBT is called the
threshold voltage Vge(TH).
6. Plot the transfer characteristics (le versus Vge) on graph paper.

b) Output Characteristics:
1. Switch on power supply Vgg and set Vge Vge(TH).
2. Now increase power supply Vdd gradually in steps of 2V from zero and record
Yee and le.
3. Repeat step 2 for two more values of Vge•
4. Plot the output characteristics (le versus Vee) on graph paper.

XII Resources Used

s. Name of Broad Specifications Quantity Remarks

No. Resource Make Details (If any)
1.
2.
3.
4.

XIII Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

XIV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)
A) Transfer Characteristics :
Sr.no Vee =10 V
Vge volts le mA
Fundamentals of Power Electronics (22326)

B) Output Characteristics :

Sr.no Vgel = V Vge2 = V

Vee volts le mA Vee volts le mA

XV Results
1. Threshold voltage of the given IGBT Vge(TH).=· ............. V
2. When Vge < Vge(TH) , le = ......mA, Vee = .........V and the IGBT switch IS
. .............. (ON/OFF)

MaharashtraMaharashtra
Maharashtra state Board
Practical No. 3: DIAC Performance

I Practical Significance
It is a member of the Thyristor family. It can be used mainly in the TRIAC triggering
circuit, lamp dimmer circuit, fan regulator, temperature controller etc . The advantage
of using this device is that it can be turned on or off simply by controlling the applied
voltage level about its breakover voltage.

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and
practices to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'
1. Use multimeter to measure various electrical parameters.
ii. Use the Power supply to get the desired results.
iii. Interpret the circuit diagrams.

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

a. Select power electronic devices for specific applications.

V Practical Outcome
Test the proper functioning ofDIAC to determine the break over voltage.

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Maintain tools and equipment.

VII Minimum Theoretical Background

It is a device which consists of three layers and two terminals. The construction is
almost same as that of the transistor. But there are certain points which deviate from
the construction of the transistor. The differentiating points are-
1. There is no base terminal in the DIAC.
2. The three regions have almost the same level of doping.
3. It gives symmetrical switching characteristics for either polarity of voltages.
Also, it can be either turned on or off for both the polarity of voltages. This device
works when avalanche breakdown occurs.

Maharashtra state Board

VIII Practical set-up I Circuit diagram/ Work Situation
0-100 mA
1K/10W
•

MT1
-----.--
: 0 - 50 V DB3$
I
MT2

•
MT2 Positive w.r.t. MT1 { First Quadrant Operation)
Fig 1..
0 - 100 mA

1K
•

MT1
o-50v
: 0 - 50 V DB3$
I
......1...... MT2
T

•
MT
Po1
sitive w.r.t. MT2 { Third Quadrant Operation )
Fig 2..
Note: Students should trace the circuit from the available kit/kit manual, then draw the
circuit diagram. Also refer the data sheet for DIAC and then use relevant DIAC ,
Power supplies, voltmeter, ammeter.

IX Resources Required
S. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity
No.
1 Regulated power supply 0-50 V DC 1 No.
2 Voltmeter 0-50 V 1 No.
3 Ammeter 0-100 mA 1 No.
4 DIAC DB3/DB4 or any other available 1 No.
5 Resistor 1 KQ, 10 watt 1 No.
Note: Also refer the data sheet for DIAC available on the Trainer Kit and then use
relevant DIAC , Power supplies, voltmeter, ammeter and resistor.

X Precautions to be Followed
1. Ensure that all the knobs of the power supplies are at zero value before switching
them ON.
2. The applied voltage, current should not exceed the maximum rating of the given
DIAC.
3. Reading should be noted without parallax error .

Maharashtra state Board

XI Procedure
a) MT2 positive wrt MT1(First Quadrant operation):
1. Make the circuit connection as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep knobs of DC supplies to zero.
3. Switch on power supply.
4. Increase voltage of DC power supply(Vs) in a steps of 2V and note down V
and I ofDIAC.
5. Increase Vs till I increases with sudden drop in V. The maximum voltage at
which DIAC turns on is called the breakover voltage VBo.
6. Measure VBo precisely.
7. Take at least four more reading of Voltage and Current after breakover voltage

b) MT1 positive wrt MT2(Third Quadrant operation):

1. Reverse the polarity of power supply and meters or reverse the DIAC
Terminals
2. Repeat steps 3 to 7 (from a procedure).
3. Plot the V-I characteristics of DIAC on graph paper.

XII Resources Used

S. Name of Resource Broad Specifications Quantity Remarks

No. Make Details (If any)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

XIII Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

XIV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)
Sr. no (MT2 is positive wrt (MT1 is positive wrt
st
MT1) 1 Quadrant MT2) 3rd Quadrant
V (Volts) I (mA) V (Volts) I (mA)
1
2
3
4
5
6

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XV Results
1. 1st Quadrant Breakover Voltage Vso .............................
2. 3rd Quadrant Breakover Voltage VBo ...........................

Maharashtra state Board

Practical No. 4: Silicon controlled rectifier performance

I Practical Significance
The SCRs are capable to control the power given to the load. Due to its ability to tum
ON and OFF , the SCRs are used for home appliance control include lighting,
temperature control, fan speed regulator , etc and for industrial applications, SCRs are
used to control the motor speed, battery charging and power conversions.

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and
practices to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'
1. Use multimeter to measure various electrical parameters.
ii. Use the power supply to get the desired results.
iii. Interpret the circuit diagrams

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

a. Select power electronic devices for specific applications

V Practical Outcome
Determine the latching current and holding current usmg V-I characteristics of
SCR.

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Maintain tools and equipment.

VII Minimum Theoretical Background

Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) is a unidirectional semiconductor device made of
silicon. SCR is a three terminal, four-layer as p-n-p-n and three junctional device.

Maharashtra state Board

VIII Practical set-up/ Circuit diagram/ Work Situation
1 K, 25W 10 K, 10W

1.._
3.3 K
---.::7
lg Vs : 0-150V
l HPVS

r
A
K T
Vak
Vg A
'
-100 V
0 - 30 VT LVPS

Circuit Diagram for Forward Characteristics of SCR

Figure 1 : Forward characteristics of SCR

Note : Students should trace the circuit from the available KIT/ kit manual, then draw
the circuit diagram. Also, go through the data sheet for the SCR and then,use relevant
SCR, power supplies,voltmeter,ammeters.

IX Resources Required

S.No. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

1 Regulated power 0-150 Voe , 0-30 Voe 2No.
supply
2 Ammeters 0-30 mA, 0-150 mA 2No.
3 Voltmeter 0-100 V 1 No.
4 SCR TYN604 I TYN612 or any other available 1 No.
5 Resistors RL = 10 KO , 10 watt 1 Each
RG = 3.3 KO, 0.25 watt
Note: Also, go through the data sheet of the SCR available on the Kit and then,use
relevant power supplies,voltmeter,ammeters and resistors.

X Precautions to be Followed
1. Ensure that all the knobs of the power supplies are at zero value before switching
them on.
2. Do not increase the voltage, current more than its rated value.
3. Reading should be noted without parallax error.

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XI Procedure
A) For forward characteristics :
1. Make the circuit connection as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep knobs of DC supplies to zero
3. Switch on power supply.
4. Set Io= 0 mA.
5. Increase VAK power supply gradually and when IA flows, then this VAK is
called as VBo.
6. Set Io1 = 2 mA , increase VAK power supply gradually till SCR turns ON and
record the readings ofVAK and JA.
7. Set I02, Im ( Im> I02 > Io1) and repeat step 6.
8. Record IA for IGI ,102, Im respectively.
9. Plot IA versus VAK curves for various values ofl0 on graph paper.

B) To determine Latching current :

1. Set VAK to any suitable value given by the teacher.
2. Apply sufficient gate current and tum ON the SCR.
3. After the SCR has turned ON, remove gate current.
4. If SCR remains ON , then switch off VAK.
5. Increase the value ofresistor (RL) and tum ON the SCR at lower IA.
6. As the value of RL is increased, IA will go on decreasing, record lowest value of
IA at which SCR remains ON even after gate current is removed.
7. The lowest value of IA is the latching current.

C) To determine holding current :

1. Set VAK to suitable value and increase gate current gradually to tum the SCR
on and absolutely small IA flows through it.
2. Now remove gate current if the SCR turns off, then as per step nol for
minimum lg if a Min IA flows through the SCR, then it is called 18 note it
down.
3. Gradually increase R which will decrease IA.
4. Record the lowest value ofIA at which SCR turns OFF. This is the holding
current.

XII Resources Used

s. Name of Resource
Broad Specifications
Quantity
Remarks
No. Make Details (If any)

1.
2.
3.
4.

Maharashtra state Board

XIII Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

XIV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

Sr.no Ic2 = mA Ic3 = mA

1
2
3
4
5
6

XV Results
1. Vso =
2. Holding Current, Itt =
3. Latching current, IL =

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Maharashtra state Board
Practical No. 5: SCR Triggering Circuits Performance

I Practical Significance
It is the simplest and economical type of triggering but limited for few applications. In
R triggering circuit firing angle is limited to 90° only and the RC triggering circuit
which provides the firing angle control from Oto 180°. These are the most commonly
used method of triggering.

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and
practices to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'
1. Use multimeter to measure various electrical parameters.
ii. Use the CRO to get the desired results
iii. Interpret the circuit diagrams

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

a. Select power electronic devices for specific applications

V Practical Outcome
Test the variation of R,C in Rand RC triggering circuits on firing angle of SCR.

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Maintain tools and equipment.

VII Minimum Theoretical Background

SCR can be turned on by gate signal at any phase angle with respect to applied ac
voltage. Firing angle is the phase angle of ac voltage at which SCR is turned ON. A
positive signal is applied between the gate and cathode terminal of SCR.
With the gate triggering SCR can be triggered much before the breakover voltage
VBo. Three types of signals can be used for this purpose i) DC signal ii) AC signal
iii) Pulse signal.

Maharashtra state Board

VIII Practical set-up/ Circuit diagram/ Work Situation

To CRO and DC Voltmeter

□
Vo
K :::>I R1

100
3W
E
R2L
100K

25300 Hz
Vin 12 V rms
AC Supply

l Power Circuit
10E
0

R- tr-igger-ing Cir-cuit

Circuit diagram for R- Triggering

Fig 5.1 ... Circuit diagram for R triggering...

To CRO and DC Voltmeter

□ t
Vo

---
100 E
3W
100:
2

R1
25300 Hz 100 E
Vin 12 V rms
AC Supply

cl
l 100 E
0.22 u;i-

Power Circuit 7 RC-trigger-ing Cir-cuit

Circuit diagram for RC- Triggering

Fig 5.2 ..Circuit diagram for RC triggering ...

Note: Students should trace the circuit from the available kit/kit manual, then draw the
circuit diagram. Also refer the data sheet for SCR and then use relevant SCR, Power
supplies, voltmeter ,CRO.

IX Resources Required
S. No. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity
1 AC power supply 230 V, 50 Hz 1 No.
2 Voltmeter 0-30 V 1 No.
3 CRO 20MHz 1 No.
4 Transformer 0-12V 500 mA 1 No.
5 SCR TYN 612 or any other available 1 No.
6 Diode D1 and D2 2No.
7 Capacitor 0.22µF 1 No.
8 Resistors R1 = 100 Q, 1 Each
R2 , potentiometer = 100KQ,
Ro=l00 n,
RL= 100 n, 3watts

Note: Also refer the data sheet for SCR available on the Kit and then use relevant
voltmeter.

Maharashtra state Board

X Precautions to be Followed
1. Connection to the mains should be done carefully.
2. The applied voltage, current should not exceed the maximum rating of the given
SCR.
3. Reading should be noted without parallax error.

XI Procedure
a) R- triggering :
1. Make the circuit connection as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep Potentiometer R2 at maximum value.
3. Switch on Mains supply.
4. Decease the resistance R2 of Potentiometer in steps , note down the
corresponding values of output voltage.
5. Also measure/ record the corresponding firing angle on CRO.
6. Draw the corresponding wave form on Graph Paper for any two firing angles.

b) RC- Trigerring :
1. Make the circuit connection as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep Potentiometer R2 at maximum value.
3. Switch on Mains supply.
4. Decrease the resistance R2 of Potentiometer in steps , note down the
corresponding values of output voltage.
5. Also measure/ record the corresponding firing angle on CRO.
6. Draw the corresponding wave form on Graph Paper for any two firing angles.

XII Resources Used

S. Name of Resource Broad Specifications Quantity Remarks
No. Make Details (If any)
1.
2.
3.
4.

XIII Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

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XIV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)
a) R-triggering:

Vin= ....... Vrms

Sr.no Firing angle Average

a(o) output
Voltage(V)
1
2
3
4
5

2. RC - triggering :

Vin= ....... Vrms

Sr.no Firing angle Average

a(o) output
Voltage(V)
1
2
3
4
5

XV Results
a) R-triggering
• For high resistance R= .........n, a(o)= ..........
• For high resistance R= .........n, a(o)= ..........

b) RC-triggering
• For high resistance R= .........n, a(o)= ..........
• For high resistance R= .........n, a(o)= ..........

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XVI Practical Related Questions
1. If diode is open circuited , state the effect on Voltage across Load.
2. If Rl and R2 are short circuited, state the effect on load vpltage.
3. State the range of firing angle with R , RC- triggering circuit.

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra state Board

XVII References / Suggestions for further reading
1. A text - Lab Manual, Zbar, , Paul B. McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd,New
Delhi,1990, ISBN: 9780070728226.
2. Datasheet of SCR from any website.

XVIII Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related: (15 Marks) 60%
1 Handling of the components 10%
2 Identification of component 10%
3 Measuring value using suitable instrument 30%
4 Working in team 10%
Product related: (10 Marks) 40%
5 Calculate theoretical values of given component 10%
6 Interpretation of result 05 %
7 Conclusions 05 %
8 Practical related questions 15 %
9 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100%

Names of Student Team Members

1. ..........................
2. ............................

3. ..............................

4. ...............................

Marks Obtained Dated signature of Teacher

Process Product Total

Related(l5) Related(l0) (25)

Maharashtra state Board

Practical No. 6: UJT Triggering Techniques

I Practical Significance
One common application of the Unijunction Transistor (UJT) is the triggering device
of the other power control devices such as the SCR, Triac etc.

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and
practices to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'
1. Use multimeter to measure various electrical parameters.
ii. Use the CRO to get the desired waveform results
iii. Interpret the circuit diagrams and waveforms.

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

a. Select power electronic devices for specific applications

V Practical Outcome
Test the effect of variation of R, C in UJT triggering technique.

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Maintain tools and equipment.

VII Minimum Theoretical Background

A unijunction transistor (UJT) is an electronic semiconductor device that has only

one junction. The UJT has three terminals: an emitter (E) and two bases (B1 and
B2). The base is formed by lightly doped n-type bar of silicon. Two ohmic
contacts B1 and B2 are attached at its ends. The emitter is of p-type and it is
heavily doped. The resistance between B1 and B2, when the emitter is open-
circuit is called interbase resistance.
Now the capacitor discharges through minimum emitter base resistance of the device
and o/p resistance RB1.

Maharashtra state Board

VIII Practical set-up/ Circuit diagram/ Work Situation

Figure 1 ...

IX Resources Required
S. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity
No.
1 Regulated power supply 0-30 V DC 1 No.
2 UJT 2N2646 or any other 1 No.
3 Capacitor (variable) Cl = 100 µFor any other available 1 No.
4 Resistors Rl = l0K, 1/4 watt 1 Each
R2 (pot) = 500 KQ
R3 = 150 Q, 0.25 watt
R4 = 27 Q , 0.25 watt

X Precautions to be Followed
1. Ensure that all the knobs of the power supplies are at zero value before switching
them on.
2. The applied voltage, current should not exceed the maximum rating of the given
UJT.
3. Reading should be noted without parallax error .

XI Procedure
1. Make the circuit connection as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep knobs of DC supplies to zero
3. Switch on power supply.
4. Increase V88 power supply gradually to increase I8 to set at the given value by
the teacher (say 10 V to 15 V).
5. Keep R2 at maximum value.
6. Keep Cl constant, while decrease R2 in steps till waveform observed on CRO at
Bl and across Cl.
7. Measure the values ofR2.
8. Measure the time period of charging and discharging of capacitor (a saw tooth
waveform).

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9. Repeat step 6 for 2 /3 values of R2.
10. Now, keep R2 constant and vary Cl till waveform observed on CRO at Bl.
11. Measure the time period of charging and discharging of capacitor (a saw tooth
waveform).
12. Repeat steps 10 and 11 for 2 / 3 values of C1.
13. Draw the waveforms for different values of R2 and C1.

XII Resources Used

S. Name of Resource Broad Specifications Quantity Remarks
No. Make Details (If any)
1.
2.
3.
4.

XIII Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

XIV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

Sr.No R2 Cl T measured T calculated

1
2
3
4
5

.........ri= 0.65 to 0.8.............formula

XV Results
1. ................................................
2. ................................................

XVI Interpretation of Results (Give meaning of the above obtained results)

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XVII Conclusions (Actions/decisions to be taken based on the interpretation ofresults).

XVIII Practical Related Questions

1. State the effect on controlled output from a controlled rectifier, if fixed de supply
is given to UJT relaxation oscillator.
2. Comment on the range of firing angle that can be obtained using UJT triggering.
[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra state Board

XIX References / Suggestions for further reading
1. https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-7/unijunction-
transistor-ujt/
2. Industrial Electronics : A Text -Lab manual, Zbar, Paul B., McGraw Hill
Publishing Co. Ltd. ,New Delhi,1990, ISBN:9780070728226.

XX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related: (15 Marks) 60%
1 Handling of the components 10%
2 Identification of component 10%
3 Measuring value using suitable instrument 30%
4 Working in team 10%
Product related: (10 Marks) 40%
5 Calculate theoretical values of given component 10%
6 Interpretation of result 05 %
7 Conclusions 05 %
8 Practical related questions 15 %
9 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100%

Names of Student Team Members

1. ..........................
2. ............................

3. ............................

4. ............................

Marks Obtained Dated signature of Teacher

Process Product Total

Related(l5) Related(l0) (25)

Maharashtra state Board

Practical No. 7: Class A, B, C commutation Performance

I Practical Significance
Continuous conduction causes problems in choppers, inverters and cyclo converters.
By the commutation process the thyristor operating mode is changed from forward
conducting to forward blocking mode. In Class A, B and C commutation, thyristor can
be turned OFF by reducing the anode current below the holding current with the help
of active and passive components.

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and
practices to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'
1. Use multimeter to measure various electrical parameters.
ii. Use the CRO to get the desired results
iii. Interpret the circuit diagrams

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

a. Select power electronic devices for specific applications.
b. Maintain the performance of Thyristors.
c. Troubleshoot tum-on and tum-off circuits of Thyristors.

V Practical Outcome
Perform the operation of Class - A, B, C tum off circuits.

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Maintain tools and equipment.

Maharashtra state Board

VII Minimum Theoretical Background
Thyristor current can be reduced to a value below the value of holding current. Since,
the thyristor is turned off forcibly it is termed as a forced commutation process.

Class A Commutation
This is also known as commutation, or load commutation. In this commutation, the
source of commutation voltage is in series with SCR. The load must be an under
damped R-L-C supplied with a DC supply so that natural zero current is obtained at
the ringing frequency.
Class B Commutation
This is also a self commutation circuit in which commutation of SCR is achieved
automatically by L and C components, once the SCR is turned ON. In this, the LC
resonant circuit is connected across the SCR but not in series with load as in case of
class A commutation and hence the L and C components do not carry the load current.

Class C Commutation
In this commutation method, main SCR that is to be commutated gets connected in
series with the load and an additional or complementary SCR is connected in parallel
with main SCR. This method is also called as complementary commutation.

VIII Practical set-up/ Circuit diagram/ Work Situation

Figure 1 Class A Commutation

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lg

SCR
h
L
+
lg
C t
lsCR
Vdc

+
h RL VscR

Figure 2 Class B Commutation

Igl

Ig2 t

t
Rr.
+
+

Vdc C SCR t
SCR2 di/dt

lg Eoc1R1
I
I t
En I
+Enc _J ------------- ;
I
I
I RIC
I

t
-Enc

Figure 3 Class C Commutation

Note : Students should trace the circuit from the available kit and then draw the circuit
diagram.

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IX Resources Required

s. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

No.
1 Regulated power supply 0-300/32 V DC 1 No.
2 Dual Trace CRO 20MHz 2No.
3 SCR 2N6394 I TYN612 or any other available 2No.
4 Resistors 1 KQ or any other available 1 No.
5 Inductor 5 mH or any other available 1 No.
6 Capacitor 1 µF or any other available 1 No.
7 UJT triggering circuit 1 No.

X Precautions to be Followed
1. Ensure that all the knobs of the power supplies are at zero value before switching
them on.
2. The applied voltage, current should not exceed the maximum rating of the given
SCR.
3. Reading should be noted without parallax error.

XI Procedure
1. Make the circuit connection as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the power supply.
3. Observe and note output VAK if gate voltage is not applied.
4. Now apply gate signal to the SCR .
5. Observe the change in output with respect to gate pulse.
6. Observe and record the load voltage and VAK.
7. Draw the waveforms on graph paper.

XII Resources Used

S. Name of Broad Specifications Quantity Remarks

No. Resource Make Details (If any)
1.
2.
3.
4.

XIII Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

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XIV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)
1. Time period of gate signal-..........
2. Amplitude of gate signal-.............
3. VAK when gate is not applied-.......
4. VAK when gate is applied-............

XV Results
1. Voltage across SCR when it is in ON condition =..........................
2.

XVI Interpretation of Results (Give meaning of the above obtained results)

XVII Conclusions (Actions/decisions to be taken based on the interpretation ofresults).

XVIII Practical Related Questions

1. State the effect on class C commutation circuit if capacitor is short circuited.
2. State the effect if an inductor is disconnected in class B commutation.

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra state Board

XIX References / Suggestions for further reading
1. www.electronics-tutorial.net/thyristor/thyristor-commutation/index.html
2. www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8EAyQLjA
3. www.youtube.com/watch?v=81RHn0eOVBI

XX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related: (15 Marks) 60%
1 Handling of the components 10%
2 Identification of component 20%
3 Measuring value using suitable instrument 20%
4 Working in team 10%
Product related: (10 Marks) 40%
5 Calculate theoretical values of given component 10%
6 Interpretation of result 05 %
7 Conclusions 05 %
8 Practical related questions 15 %
9 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100%

Names of Student Team Members

1. ..........................
2. ............................

3. ...........................

4. .............................

Marks Obtained Dated signature of Teacher

Process Product Total

Related(l5) Related(l0) (25)

Maharashtra state Board

Practical No. 8: Class D, E, F commutation Performance

I Practical Significance
Continuous conduction causes problems in choppers, inverters and cyclo converters.
By the commutation process the thyristor operating mode is changed from forward
conducting to forward blocking mode. In Class D and E ,thyristor can be turned off by
applying reverse voltage across SCR and external pulse respectively. In class F
commutation, thyristor is turned off due to negative half cycle of applied ac voltage.

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and
practices to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'
1. Use multimeter to measure various electrical parameters.
ii. Use the CRO to get the desired results.
iii. Interpret the circuit diagrams.

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

a. Select power electronic devices for specific applications.
b. Maintain the performance of Thyristors.
c. Troubleshoot tum-on and tum-off circuits of Thyristors.

V Practical Outcome
Perform the operation of Class - D, E, F tum off circuits.

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Maintain tools and equipment.

VII Minimum Theoretical Background

Thyristor current can be reduced to a value below the value of holding current. Since,
the thyristor is turned off forcibly it is termed as a forced commutation process. No
separate commutation components are required in class F commutation. Due to
negative half cycle of ac input ,thyristors are turned off. Hence controlled rectifiers
are also called as line commutated converters.

Maharashtra state Board

Class D Commutation

This is also known as auxiliary commutation. The source of commutation voltage is in

the commutating capacitor. The load current flows through main SCR. Auxiliary SCR
is used for initial charging of commutating capacitor and to turn of the main SCR.
Reverse voltage across this capacitor is used to turn off the main SCR.

Class E Commutation

This is also known as external pulse commutation circuit in which a reverse voltage is
applied across the SCR. Load current flowing through the SCR becomes zero when
reverse voltage of equal magnitude to that of supply voltage is applied across the SCR

Class F Commutation
AC input is given to the controlled rectifier circuits. In single phase half wave
controlled rectifier SCR conducts in positive half cycle and turned of naturally due to
reverse voltage in negative half cycle. Turn off time of converter grade SCRs is in the
range of 200 to 300 µsec and duration of negative half cycle for 50 Hz frequency is 10
msec. As turn off time of SCR is very less and duration of negative half cycle is too
large with compared to turn off time, SCR is turned off during each negative half
cycle. Hence controlled rectifiers are also called as line commutated converters. This
type of commutation is called as class F or natural commutation.

VIII Practical set-up/ Circuit diagram/ Work Situation

Figure 1 ..Class D Commutation ..

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Figure 2 Class E Commutation

Figure 3 Class F Commutation

Note : Students should trace the circuit from the available kit and then draw the circuit
diagram.

IX Resources Required

S.No. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

1 Power supply 0-50 Voc, AC power supply 1 No.
2 Dual Trace CRO 20MHz 2No.
3 SCR 2N6394 I TYN612 or any other 2No.
available
4 Resistors 1 No.
5 Inductor 1 No.
6 Capacitor 1 No.
7 UJT triggering circuit 1 No.

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X Precautions to be Followed
1. Ensure that all the knobs of the power supplies are at zero value before switching
them on.
2. The applied voltage, current should not exceed the maximum rating of the given
SCR.
3. Reading should be noted without parallax error.

XI Procedure
1. Make the circuit connection as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the power supply.
3. Observe and note output VAK if gate voltage is not applied.
4. Now apply gate pulse to the SCR.
5. Observe and record VAK.
6. Draw the waveforms on graph paper.

XII Resources Used

S. Name of Broad Specifications Quantity Remarks
No. Resource Make Details (If any)
1.
2.
3.
4.

XIII Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

XIV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)
1. VAK when gate is not applied.................
2. VAK when gate is applied......................
3. Time period of gate signal (class E)..........
4. Amplitude of gate signal (class E)............
5. AC input voltage (class F).....................
6. Average load voltage (class F)................

XV Results
1. Voltage across SCR when it is in ON condition ..........................
2. .............................................

XVI Interpretation of Results (Give meaning of the above obtained results)

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XVII Conclusions (Actions/decisions to be taken based on the interpretation ofresults).

XVIII Practical Related Questions

1. State the effect on class D commutation circuit if trigger pulse is not available to
auxiliary SCR.
2. State the effect on class E commutation if pulse width of external pulse is smaller
than tum off time of SCR.

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra state Board

XIX References / Suggestions for further reading
1. www.nptel.ac.in - module 3, Lesson 19.
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pU_OpDIBvGk- class D.
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CG3lr6_bPF8 - class F.

XX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related: (15 Marks) 60%
1 Handling of the components 10%
2 Identification of component 20%
3 Measuring value using suitable instrument 20%
4 Working in team 10%
Product related: (10 Marks) 40%
5 Calculate theoretical values of given component 10%
6 Interpretation of result 05 %
7 Conclusions 05 %
8 Practical related questions 15 %
9 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100%

Names of Student Team Members

1. ..........................
2. ............................

3. ............................

4. ............................

Marks Obtained Dated signature of Teacher

Process Product Total

Related(15) Related(l0) (25)

Maharashtra state Board

Practical No. 9: Half Wave Controlled Rectifier Performance

I Practical Significance
Phase controlled rectifier has its main applications in Paper mills, Textile mills and
Steel mills which uses DC motor drives. It is also used in Portable handheld
instruments, Flexible speed controlled industrial drives, Battery charger, and High
voltage DC transmission (HVDC).

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad based
Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and practices
to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'
i. Use multimeter to measure various electrical parameters.
ii. Use the CRO to get the desired results
iii. Interpret the circuit diagrams

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

a. Select power electronic devices for specific applications.

b. Maintain the performance of Thyristors.
c. Maintain phase controlled rectifiers.

V Practical Outcome
Use CRO to observe the output waveform of half wave controlled rectifier with
resistive load to determine the load voltage.

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Maintain tools and equipment.

VII Minimum Theoretical Background

Controlled rectifier is a circuit which converts constant AC input voltage into
controlled DC output voltage using controlled device like SCR by varying firing angle
ie., phase angle can be controlled. In half wave controlled rectifier,output voltage can
be controlled in only one half cycle of the input AC voltage. It gives unidirectional
output.

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VIII Practical set-up/ Circuit diagram/ Work Situation

Figure 1 ..Half wave controlled rectifier with R load..

Note : Students should draw the circuit diagram from the available kit.

IX Resources Required

S.No. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

1 Transformer 12-0-12V/500mA lNo.
2 Digital Multimeter 20Voc 2No.
3 SCR 2N 6394 I TYN 612 or any other available 1 No.
4 Resistor 1 KO/ 2.2 KO 1 No.
5 Synchronized UJT 1 No.
triggering circuit
6 Power scope Dual trace 20MHz 1 No.

X Precautions to be Followed
1. The applied voltage, current should not exceed the maximum rating of the given
SCR.
2. Reading should be noted without parallax error.

XI Procedure
1. Make the circuit connection as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on power supply.
3. Measure the AC input voltage by the meter at secondary of transformer.
4. Connect CRO across the input to observe the input waveform.
5. Connect CRO to measure the voltage across the load.
6. Observe the output waveforms for different firing angles.
7. Draw input and output waveform on graph paper.

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XII Resources Used

S. Name of Resource Broad Specifications Quantity Remarks

No. (If any)
1.
2.
3.
4.

XIII Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

XIV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

Sr.No. Firing angle Measured output Calculated output

voltage voltage
1
2
3
4
Formula for Yoav =

XV Result
1. For firing angle a =30°.......,Output voltage=.........
2. For firing angle a =90°.......,Output voltage=.........

XVI Interpretation of Results (Give meaning of the above obtained results)

XVII Conclusions (Actions/decisions to be taken based on the interpretation ofresults).

XVIII Practical Related Questions

1. State the effect on output if there is no gate pulse is applied.
2. State the effect on output if gate pulse is applied at 180°.

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra state Board

XIX References / Suggestions for further reading
1. Power Electronics and its Applications by Jain, Alok Penram International Publishing
(India) Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, 2006 ISBN: 978-8187972228.
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc4yr-w03qk
1.

XX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related: (15 Marks) 60%
1 Handling of the components 10%
2 Identification of component 10%
3 Measuring value using suitable instrument 30%
4 Working in team 10%
Product related: (10 Marks) 40%
5 Calculate theoretical values of given component 10%
6 Interpretation of result 05 %
7 Conclusions 05 %
8 Practical related questions 15 %
9 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100%

Names of Student Team Members

1. ...........................

2. ...........................

3. ...........................

4. ...........................

Marks Obtained Dated signature of Teacher

Process Product Total

Related(l5) Related(l0) (25)

Maharashtra state Board

Practical No. 10: Performance of Full Wave Controlled Rectifier
For Rand RL Load

I Practical Significance
The single phase fully controlled rectifier allows conversion of single phase AC into
DC. This is used in various applications such as battery charging, speed control of DC
motors.

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and
practices to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'

1. Use multimeter to measure various electrical parameters.

11. Use the CRO to get the desired results

iii. Interpret the circuit diagrams

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

a. Select power electronic devices for specific applications.
b. Maintain the performance of Thyristors.
d. Maintain phase controlled rectifiers.

V Practical Outcome
Test the proper functioning of full wave controlled rectifier for Rand RL Load.

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Maintain tools and equipment.

VII Minimum Theoretical Background

For full-wave rectification , two SCRs are connected across the centre taped
secondary, as shown in figurel0.1. The gates of both SCRs are supplied from two gate
control circuits. One SCR conducts during the positive half cycle and the other during
the negative half cycle and thus unidirectional current flows in the load circuit. The

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main advantage of this circuit over ordinary full-wave rectifier circuit is that the output
voltage can be controlled by varying the firing angle.
Now, if the supply voltage v = VMAX sin cot and the firing angle is a, then average
voltage output will be given by the expression
Vav = (VMAX I 7C) (1 + COS a)

VIII Practical set-up/ Circuit diagram/ Work Situation

a
U1
TR1 SCR
'R LOAD
Single Phase
AC Supply
230 V, 50 Hz

TRAN-2P3S
U2
SCR

Full Wave Controlled Rectifier with Resistive Load

Fig 10.1

►
r
a U1
TR1 SCR

Single Phase
AC Supply
230 V, 50 Hz

TRAN-2P3S
U2
SCR

Full Wave Controlled Rectifier with RL Load

Fig 10.2

a
U1
TR1 SCR

Single Phase L
AC Supply
230 V, 50 Hz

TRAN-2P3S
U2
SCR

Full Wave Controlled Rectifier with RL Load and freewheeling Diode

Fig 10.3

Note : Trace the Kit available in the laboratory and draw the circuit in the manual.

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IX Resources Required

IS.No. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

1 Full wave rectifier circuit With center tap transformer(12-0-12), 1 No.

kit connecting facility for i) R Load ii)RL
Load iii) Freewheeling diode

2 Triggering circuit for full Synchronized UJT triggering circuit 1 No.

wave rectifier with pulse Transformer for isolation

3 Multimeter 0-200V, 0-200rnA, IA 1 No

4 Powerscope Dual Trace , 20 MHz 1 No

X Precautions to be Followed
1. Ensure that the variable R of triggering circuit should be at maximum value.
2. Do not increase the gate current more than its rated value.
3. The applied voltage, current should not exceed the maximum rating of the given
Thyristor.
4. Reading should be noted without parallax error .

XI Procedure
1. Make the circuit connection as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on power supply.
3. Observe output voltage on CRO by varying the firing angle for
i) R Load
ii) RL Load
iii) RL Load with freewheeling diode
4. Measure output voltage with multimeter across load.
5. Repeat step 3 and 4 for a1, a2, a3, and a4_
6. Draw observed output voltage waveform on graph paper .

XII Resources Used

Broad Specifications Quantity Remarks

s. Name of Resource
No. (If any)
Make Details

1.

2.

3.

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XIII Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

XIV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)
i) For R Load :
Sr. Firing Measured output Calculated output
No. Angle Voltage voltage

ii) ForRL Load:

Sr. Firing Measured output Calculated output
No. Angle Voltage voltage

iii) For RL Load with Freewheeling diode :

Sr. Firing Measured output Calculated output voltage
No. Angle Voltage

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XV Results
1. Output voltage across R Load = ............. V
2. Outpuvoltage across RL Load= ............... V
3. Output voltage across RL Load with freewheeling diode = .............. V

XVI Interpretation of Results (Give meaning of the above obtained results)

XVII Conclusions (Actions/decisions to be taken based on the interpretation ofresults).

XVIII Practical Related Questions

1. State the effect on output voltage of rectifier if trigger pulse is not given to
one of the Thyristor of controlled rectifier.
2. State the effect on output voltage if freewheeling diode is open circuited.
3. Write specifications of Thyristor used in full wave controlled rectifier.

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra state Board

XIX References / Suggestions for further reading
1 Industrial Electronics: A Text -Lab Manual , Zbar, Paul B. McGraw Hill Publishing
Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 1990 ISBN: 978-0070728226.
2 SCR Manual, General electric Prentice Hall; 6th edition, ISBN: 978-0137967636.
3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LijTAhqtirU.

XX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related: (15 Marks) 60%
1 Handling of the components 10%
2 Identification of component 10%
3 Measuring value using suitable instrument 30%
4 Working in team 10%
Product related: (10 Marks) 40%
5 Calculate theoretical values of given component 10%
6 Interpretation of result 05 %
7 Conclusions 05 %
8 Practical related questions 15 %
9 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100%

Names of Student Team Members

1. ............................

2. ............................

3. ............................

4. ............................

Marks Obtained Dated signature of

Teacher

Process Product Total

Related(15) Related(l0)
(25)

Maharashtra state Board

Practical No. 11: DIAC and TRIAC Phase control circuit performance

I Practical Significance
Phase controlled circuits are used in domestic light dimmers, electric fan speed
control, small motor controls and control of small AC powered domestic appliances.
Triac is easy to use and having cost advantage as compared to two thyristors for
many low power applications.

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and
practices to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'
1. Use multimeter to measure various electrical parameters.
ii. Use the CRO to get the desired results
iii. Interpret the circuit diagrams

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

a. Select power electronic devices for specific applications.
b. Maintain the performance of Thyristors.
d. Maintain phase controlled rectifiers.
e. Maintain industrial control circuits.

V Practical Outcome
Determine the effect of firing angle using DIAC and TRIAC phase controlled circuit on
output power under different loads such as lamp, motor or heater.

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Maintain tools and equipment.

Maharashtra state Board

VII Minimum Theoretical Background
A TRIAC ,as compared to thyristor, gets limited time to tum off due to bidirectional
conduction. As a result, the triacs are operated only at power frequency. Switching
characteristics of a triac is similar to that of a thyristor. For phase control application,
the triac is switched on and off in synchronism with the mains supply so that only a
part of each half cycle is applied across the load. In this circuit, as Vs increases
voltage across C increases due to current flowing through load, R 1, VR1 and C. The
voltage drop across Diac increases until it reaches its breakover point. As DIAC
conducts, a large current pulse is injected into the gate of the triac. By varying VR 1
the firing can be controlled.

VIII Practical set-up/ Circuit diagram/ Work Situation

Figure 1 ...DIAC-TRIAC phase control circuit...

IX Resources Required
S.No. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity
1 AC mains supply 230 V, 50 Hz 1 No.
2 Triac BT136 or any other available 1 No.
3 Diac DB3 or any other available 1 No.
4 Resistors R1 = 1 KQ or 3.3 KQ, 0.5 watt 1 Each
VR1(pot)= 470 KQ or 250 KQ, 0.5 watt
5 Capacitor C = 0.1 µF 1 No.
6 Powerscope Dual trace, 20 MHz 1 No.
7 Lamp 40 I 60 watt 1 No.
8 Digital Multimeter Voltage 500 Yac/dc, 1 No.

X Precautions to be Followed
1. Take care while connecting AC mains.
2. Reading should be noted without parallax error.

Maharashtra state Board

XI Procedure
1. Make the circuit connection as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep the VR1(potentiometer) at a minimum position.
3. Switch on the mains power supply.
4. Vary the potentiometer VR1 slowly to observe the effect on intensity of the lamp.
5. Measure the voltage across different points for different value ofVR1•
6. Repeat steps 2 to 5 to observe the waveforms at different points on power scope.
7. Switch off the power supply.

XII Resources Used

S. Name of Resource Broad Specifications Quantity Remarks
No. Make Details (If any)
1.
2.
3.
4.

XIII Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

XIV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

Sr. No. Intensity of Lamp Resistance, VR1 V01AC VLOAD

1 Low
2 Medium
3 High

XV Results
1. . ..............................................
2. ...............................................
3.

XVI Interpretation of Results (Give meaning of the above obtained results)

XVII Conclusions (Actions/decisions to be taken based on the interpretation ofresults).

Maharashtra state Board

XVIII Practical Related Questions
1. If capacitor is shorted , state the effect.
2. Write specifications ofDIAC, TRIAC (from data sheet).

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra state Board

XIX References / Suggestions for further reading
1. http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/ ..... for triac.

XX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related: (15 Marks) 60%
1 Handling of the components 10%
2 Identification of component 10%
3 Measuring value using suitable instrument 30%
4 Working in team 10%
Product related: (10 Marks) 40%
5 Calculate theoretical values of given component 10%
6 Interpretation of result 05 %
7 Conclusions 05 %
8 Practical related questions 15 %
9 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100%

Names of Student Team Members

1. ............................
2. ............................

3. ............................

4. ............................

Marks Obtained Dated signature of Teacher

Process Product Total

Related(15) Related(l0) (25)

Maharashtra state Board

Practical No. 12: TRIAC Phase controlled circuit computer simulation

I Practical Significance
The graphic interface provides a user-friendly environment where the power circuit and
control system are represented in the same diagram. The results are displayed while
the simulation is running. The processing power of SCILAB allows the designer to
perform complex post-processing on simulation results. The simulation software helps
to create fault and its effect in the power electronic circuit.

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and
practices to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'
1. Use simulation software to observe the waveforms and the effects of the
circuit, circuit components.
11. Use the simulation software to create the fault and get the desired results.
iii. Interpret the circuit diagrams

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

a. Select power electronic devices for specific applications.
b. Maintain the performance of Thyristors.
c. Maintain industrial control circuits.

V Practical Outcome
Simulate the firing angle control for DIAC and TRIAC phase controlled circuit m
SCILAB software.

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Maintain tools and equipment.

Maharashtra state Board

VII Minimum Theoretical Background
In order to trigger triac, we have to give proper triggering pulses to it using a pulse
generator. We have to trigger triac using DIAC. So, we have to set phase angle for
triac, so that it will trigger accordingly as shown in the Simulation software. We can
enter values in the software which is obtained by double clicking pulse generator. This
box includes following points which are to be filled.
1. Amplitude
2. Period
3. Pulse Width
4. Phase delay

VIII Practical set-up/ Circuit diagram/ Work Situation

Student should prepare the circuit/schematic in SCILAB.

Note : Student should attach printout of circuit prepared in SCILAB diagram.

IX Resources Required

S. No. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

1 SCILAB software Any open source simulation software
2

X Precautions to be Followed

Maharashtra state Board

XI Procedure
1. Open SCILAB software.
2. Open new project/file.
3. Select required components (XCOS GUI).
4. Make connections.
5. Simulate the designed circuit.
XII Resources Used

S. Name of Resource Broad Specifications Quantity Remarks

No. Make Details (If any)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

XIII Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space is not sufficient)

XIV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space is not sufficient)
Attach print out of simulation waveforms results.

XV Results
Write the effects on waveforms.

XVI Interpretation of Results (Give meaning of the above obtained results)

XVII Conclusions (Actions/decisions to be taken based on the interpretation ofresults).

Maharashtra state Board

XVIII Practical Related Questions
State the effect of variation in firing angle on load.
[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra state Board

XIX References / Suggestions for further reading
1. http://www.gcek.ac.in/ece/fdp/materials/2/Dr.Sreekumar/Hand-outs/Handout
Scilab-computing-gcek.pdf
2. https://scilab.in/lab migration/generate lab/140/1

XX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related: (15 Marks) 60%
1 Handling of the components 10%
2 Identification of component 10%
3 Measuring value using suitable instrument 30%
4 Working in team 10%
Product related: (10 Marks) 40%
5 Calculate theoretical values of given component 10%
6 Interpretation of result 05 %
7 Conclusions 05 %
8 Practical related questions 15 %
9 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100%

Names of Student Team Members

1. ...........................
2. ...........................

3. ...........................

4. ...........................

Marks Obtained Dated signature of Teacher

Process Product Total

Related(15) Related(l0) (25)

Maharashtra state Board

Practical No. 13: Switching mode power supply performance

I Practical Significance
The majority of electronic DC loads are supplied from standard power sources. Switch-
mode power supplies (SMPSs) are frequently used to provide the various levels of DC
output power needed for modem applications and are indispensable in achieving
highly efficient, reliable DC-DC power-conversion systems.

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and
practices to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'
i. Use multimeter to measure various electrical parameters.
ii. Use the CRO to get the desired results
iii. Interpret the circuit diagrams

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

a. Examine industrial control circuit.

V Practical Outcome
Test the performance of given SMPS.

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Check tools and equipment.

VII Minimum Theoretical Background

SMPS converts a DC input voltage into multiple DC output voltages, depending on
the circuit topology. While there are numerous SMPS topologies used in the
engineering world, three are fundamental and seen most often. These topologies are
classified according to their conversion function: step-down (buck), step-up (boost),
and step-up/down (buck-boost or inverter).
All three fundamental topologies include a MOSFET switch, a diode, an output
capacitor and an inductor. The MOSFET, which is the actively controlled component
in the circuit, is interfaced to a controller. This controller applies a pulse-width-
modulated (PWM) square-wave signal to the MOSFET's gate, thereby switching the
device on and off. To maintain a constant output voltage, the controller senses the
SMPS output voltage and varies the duty cycle (D) of the square-wave signal. The
value of D, which is the ratio of the square wave's on time to its switching period
(ToN/Ts), directly affects the voltage observed at the SMPS output.

Maharashtra state Board

VIII Practical set-up/ Circuit diagram/ Work Situation

Figure 1 ... Reference diagram...

Note: Student should draw the block/ circuit diagram of the given SMPS by teacher.

IX Resources Required

IS.No. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

1 SMPS Input voltage 220 V, Current 5 A, DC 1 No.
output voltage +5V,+12V,+3.3V,-5V,
-12 V
2 Digital Multimeter Voltages 600Voc, 600VAC· 2No.
Current 0-200 mA, 0.2 -200mA , l0A.
3 CRO Dual trace ,20 MHz 1 No.

X Precautions to be Followed
1. Discharge the capacitor completely before touching the circuit by using suitable
resistor instead ( a few KQ and a few watts).
2. Measure the voltage and make sure it is zero before starting.

XI Procedure
1. Casel: No output(+ 5V)-Then check the fuse.
2. Case2: No output(+ 5V)-Then check the capacitor.
3. Case3: No output(+ 5V)-Then check the MOSFET.
4. Case4: No output(+ 5V)-Then check the secondary winding of output
transformer.

Maharashtra state Board

XII Resources Used

S. Name of Resource Broad Specifications Quantity Remarks

No. Make Details (If any)
1.
2.
3.
4.

XIII Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space is not sufficient)

XIV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

Sr.No Troubleshooting action Observation / Reading Remark

1 Visual inspection
2 No output, good fuse
3 No output, blown fuse
4 Capacitor check
5 Light bulb load
6
7
8
9

Note : Teacher can make separate observation table which will be filled by the
students.

XV Results
1. Line regulation................................................
2. Efficieny ........................................................

XVI Interpretation of Results (Give meaning of the above obtained results)

XVII Conclusions (Actions/decisions to be taken based on the interpretation ofresults).

XVIII Practical Related Questions

1. State the effect of change in AC line voltage on output voltage.
2. SMPS are based on the ........... (Inverter/ chopper) principle.
3. State the effect on output voltage if duty cycle of PWM is changed.

Maharashtra state Board

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra state Board

XIX References / Suggestions for further reading
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NoG17oeh7eU
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQ6-SbChwgg

XX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related: (15 Marks) 60%
1 Handling of the components 10%
2 Identification of component 10%
3 Measuring value using suitable instrument 30%
4 Working in team 10%
Product related: (10 Marks) 40%
5 Calculate theoretical values of given component 10%
6 Interpretation of result 05 %
7 Conclusions 05 %
8 Practical related questions 15 %
9 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100%

Names of Student Team Members

1. ...........................
2. ...........................

3. ...........................

4. ...........................

Marks Obtained Dated signature of Teacher

Process Product Total

Related(15) Related(l0) (25)

Maharashtra state Board

Practical No. 14: Uninterruptable power supply performance

I Practical Significance
An uninterruptible power supply, UPS is an electrical apparatus that provides
emergency power to a load. It is typically used to protect hardware such
as computers, data centers, telecommunication equipment or other electrical
equipment where an unexpected power disruption could cause injuries, fatalities,
serious business disruption or data loss.

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and
practices to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'
i. Use multimeter to measure various electrical parameters.
ii. Use the stop watch to get the desired results
iii. Interpret the circuit diagrams

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

e. Maintain industrial control circuit.

V Practical Outcome
Test the performance of given UPS

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Check tools and equipment.

VII Minimum Theoretical Background

The three general categories of modem UPS systems are on-line, line-
interactive and standby. An on-line UPS uses a "double conversion" method of
accepting AC input, rectifying to DC for passing through the rechargeable battery (or
battery strings), then inverting back to 230 V AC for powering the protected
equipment.
A line-interactive UPS maintains the inverter in line and redirects the battery's DC
current path from the normal charging mode to supplying current when power is lost.
In a standby ("off-line") system the load is powered directly by the input power and
the backup power circuitry is only invoked when the utility power fails.

Maharashtra state Board

VIII Practical set-up/ Circuit diagram/ Work Situation

/
Switch

Figure 14 On Line UPS

(Students should draw the block and circuit diagram of the given UPS.)

IX Resources Required

IS.No. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

1 UPS Input voltage range 145 - 90V,Nominal 1 No.
Output Voltage 230V,Output power
Capacity 660Watts I I. I kVA

2 Digital Multimeter Voltage 600 Vnc,600 VAC, current 0- lNo.

200mAAc,0.2-200mAoc, 10AAc,10Anc
3 Digital Stop Watch Stopwatch/Chronograph mode with 1 No.
1/100sec resolution, Programmable
alarm.

X Precautions to be Followed
1. The UPS must be appropriately grounded.
2. Wait for five minutes before opening the UPS to allow the capacitors to discharge.
3. There will be high leakage current, so that the grounding conductor must be
connected first.
4. The UPS must be installed on a non-inflammable surface (e.g. concrete).

Maharashtra state Board

XI Procedure
a. Mains ON:
1. Measure AC input voltage with the help of multimeter.
2. Measure AC output voltage with the help of multimeter.
3. Measure Battery Full Charge DC Voltage with the help of multimeter.

b. When mains is OFF

1. Measure AC input Voltage with the help of multimeter.
2. Measure AC output Voltage with the help of multimeter.
3. Measure Battery DC voltage with the help of multimeter.

c. When the load is OFF

1. Measure Battery DC voltage with the help of multimeter.
2. Measure Backup time with the help of stop watch.

XII Resources Used

s. Name of Broad Specifications Quantity Remarks

No. Resource Make Details (If any)
1.
2.
3.
4.

XIII Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

XIV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)
When mains is on:
1. AC input Voltage= .............. volts
2. AC output Voltage=............. volts
3. Battery full charge DC voltage = ................ volts
When mains is off:
1. AC input Voltage =............. volts
2. AC output Voltage=........... volts
3. Battery DC voltage= .......... volts
When the load is off:
1. Battery DC voltage = .......... volts
2. Backup time= ..................... min.(Use stop watch)

XV Results
1. Back up time=................................
2. ................................................

Maharashtra state Board

XVI Interpretation of Results (Give meaning of the above obtained results)

XVII Conclusions (Actions/decisions to be taken based on the interpretation ofresults).

XVIII Practical Related Questions

1. State the effect on back up time of UPS battery, when load gets doubled.
2. Calculate the UPS requirement for load of 3 computers (450 watts),l fan (60
watts),2 tubes (80 watts).
3. Write the technical specifications of the given UPS.

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra state Board

XIX References / Suggestions for further reading
1. https://www.renesas.com/en-in/solutions/office/computer-peripherals/ups-
online.html
2. http://www.apc.com/salestools/ASTE-6Z8LUA/ ASTE-6Z8LUA _R5_EN.pdf
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E5RKBWhEUAU

XX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related: (15 Marks) 60%
1 Handling of the components 10%
2 Identification of component 10%
3 Measuring value using suitable instrument 30%
4 Working in team 10%
Product related: (10 Marks) 40%
5 Calculate theoretical values of given component 10%
6 Interpretation of result 05 %
7 Conclusions 05 %
8 Practical related questions 15 %
9 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100%

Names of Student Team Members

1. ..........................
2. ..........................

3. ..........................

4. ..........................

Marks Obtained Dated signature of Teacher

Process Product Total

Related(15) Related(l0) (25)

Maharashtra state Board

Practical No. 15: Burglar Alarm System Troubleshooting

I Practical Significance
Burglar alarms are the standard equipment in stores, other businesses offices, private
homes for the security purpose.

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and
practices to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'
1. Use multimeter to measure various electrical parameters.
ii. Use the CRO to get the desired results
iii. Interpret the circuit diagrams

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

a. Select power electronic devices for specific applications.
b. Maintain the performance of Thyristors.
c. Troubleshoot tum-on and tum-off circuits of Thyristors.
d. Maintain phase controlled rectifiers.
e. Maintain industrial control circuits.

V Practical Outcome
Troubleshoot the Burglar's alarm.

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Check tools and equipment.

VII Minimum Theoretical Background

Maharashtra state Board

VIII Problem Statement
(Sample given below, teacher should provide different problem to other batches)

The system is not detecting the person in the coverage area-- Diagnose and rectify the
Problem.

IX Provide relevant block diagram/circuit diagram/wiring diagram to the students

Note: Students should draw the circuit diagram of the given SCR based Burglar Alarm
system.

Maharashtra state Board

X Resources Required

S. No. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

1
2
3

XI Precautions to be Followed

XII Procedure

XIII Resources Used

S. Name of Broad Specifications Quantity Remarks

No. Resource Make Details (If any)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

XIV Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

XV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

Maharashtra state Board

XVI Results

XVII Interpretation of Results (Give meaning of the above obtained results)

XVIII Conclusions (Actions/decisions to be taken based on the interpretation ofresults).

XIX Practical Related Questions

1. State the change in the circuit design under variable light conditions.
2. Write specifications of the given Burglar Alarm system.

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra state Board

XX References / Suggestions for further reading
1. A text - Lab Manual, Zbar, , Paul B. McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd,New
Delhi,1990, ISBN: 9780070728226.
2. SCR Manual, General electric Prentice Hall; 6th edition, ISBN 978-0137967636
3. http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk/ronj/scr.html
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07Fgs2l4_RE

XXI Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related: (15 Marks) 60%
1 Handling of the components 10%
2 Identification of component 10%
3 Measuring value using suitable instrument 30%
4 Working in team 10%
Product related: (10 Marks) 40%
5 Calculate theoretical values of given component 10%
6 Interpretation of result 05 %
7 Conclusions 05 %
8 Practical related questions 15 %
9 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100%

Names of Student Team Members

1. ..........................
2. ...........................

3. ...........................

4. ...........................

Marks Obtained Dated signature of Teacher

Process Product Total

Related(15) Related(l0) (25)

Maharashtra state Board

Practical No. 16: Emergency Lighting System Troubleshooting.

I Practical Significance
An emergency light is an illumination device specially designed for operating in the
event of power failure. It works on low voltage battery. The lamp glows only when ac
power is not available. The duration for which lamp remain ON, depends upon the
ampere-rating of the battery.

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and
practices to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'
1. Use multimeter to measure various electrical parameters.
ii. Use the CRO to get the desired results
iii. Interpret the circuit diagrams

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

a. Select power electronic devices for specific applications.
b. Maintain the performance of Thyristors.
c. Troubleshoot tum-on and tum-off circuits of Thyristors.
d. Maintain phase controlled rectifiers.
e. Maintain industrial control circuits.

V Practical Outcome
Troubleshoot the Emergency Lighting system

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Maintain tools and equipment.

Maharashtra state Board

VII Minimum Theoretical Background

VIII Problem Statement

(Sample given below, teacher should provide different problems to other batches)

The intensity of the emergency lamp starts decreasing --- Diagnose and rectify the
Problem.

IX Provide relevant block diagram/circuit diagram/wiring diagram to the students

Maharashtra state Board

Note:- Students should draw the circuit diagram of the given Emergency Lighting
system.

X Resources Required
S. No. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity
1
2
3

XI Precautions to be Followed

XII Procedure

XIII Resources Used

S. Name of Broad Specifications Quantity Remarks

No. Resource Make Details (If any)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Maharashtra state Board

XIV Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

XV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

XVI Results

XVII Interpretation of Results (Give meaning of the above obtained results)

XVIII Conclusions (Actions/decisions to be taken based on the interpretation ofresults).

XIX Practical Related Questions

1. If battery charging is low, state the effect on intensity oflamp.
2. If lamp is not glowing after AC supply failure, state the possible reasons.
3. Write specifications of battery and lamp used in given Emergency Lighting
system.
[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra state Board

Maharashtra state Board
XX References / Suggestions for further reading
1. A text - Lab Manual, Zbar, , Paul B. McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd,New
Delhi,1990, ISBN: 9780070728226.
2. SCR Manual, General electric Prentice Hall; 6th edition, ISBN 978-0137967636
3. http://www.instructables.com/id/Emergency-Lighting-System/
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9f20Rl1Ltic

XXI Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related: (15 Marks) 60%
1 Handling of the components 10%
2 Identification of component 10%
3 Measuring value using suitable instrument 30%
4 Working in team 10%
Product related: (10 Marks) 40%
5 Calculate theoretical values of given component 10%
6 Interpretation of result 05 %
7 Conclusions 05 %
8 Practical related questions 15 %
9 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100%

Names of Student Team Members

1. ...........................

2. ...........................

3. ...........................

4. ...........................

Marks Obtained Dated signature of Teacher

Process Product Total

Related(15) Related(l0) (25)

Maharashtra state Board

Practical No. 17: Thyristor Speed Control System Troubleshooting

I Practical Significance
Variable speed control of DC motors are widely used within industrial applications
such as cranes and machine tool spindles, etc. In industry, skills such as connecting,
operating and troubleshooting a motor with Thyristor speed control are required.

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and
practices to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'
1. Use multimeter to measure various electrical parameters.
ii. Use the CRO to get the desired results
iii. Interpret the circuit diagrams

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

a. Select power electronic devices for specific applications.
b. Maintain the performance of Thyristors.
c. Troubleshoot tum-on and tum-off circuits of Thyristors.
d. Maintain phase controlled rectifiers.
e. Maintain industrial control circuits.

V Practical Outcome
Troubleshoot the Speed control system.

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Maintain tools and equipment.

VII Minimum Theoretical Background

Maharashtra state Board

VIII Problem Statement
(Sample given below, teacher should provide different problem to other batches)

The variable speed control training system includes a ¼ HP DC shunt wound motor. If
the speed of the motor suddenly drops, when load is applied --- Diagnose and rectify
the Problem.

IX Provide relevant block diagram/circuit diagram/wiring diagram to the students

Note:- Students draw the blocl/circuit diagram of the given Speed control system.

Maharashtra state Board

X Resources Required

S.No. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

1
2
3
4

XI Precautions to be Followed

XII Procedure

XIII Resources Used

S. Name of Broad Specifications Quantity Remarks

No. Resource Make Details (If any)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

XIV Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

XV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

Maharashtra state Board

XVI Results

XVII Interpretation of Results (Give meaning of the above obtained results)

XVIII Conclusions (Actions/decisions to be taken based on the interpretation ofresults).

XIX Practical Related Questions

1. If triggering circuit is not providing firing pulse to the thyristor , what will be the
effect on output voltage.
2. If one of the SCR in speed control circuit is open circuited, state the effect on
output voltage ?
3. Write specifications of SCR used in motor speed control circuit. (from data sheet).

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra state Board

XX References / Suggestions for further reading
1. A text - Lab Manual, Zbar, , Paul B. McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd,New
Delhi,1990, ISBN: 9780070728226.
2. SCR Manual, General electric Prentice Hall; 6th edition, ISBN 978-0137967636
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6b2460fbDM
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2QI52tlkLU

XXI Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related: (15 Marks) 60%
1 Handling of the components 10%
2 Identification of component 10%
3 Measuring value using suitable instrument 30%
4 Working in team 10%
Product related: (10 Marks) 40%
5 Calculate theoretical values of given component 10%
6 Interpretation of result 05 %
7 Conclusions 05 %
8 Practical related questions 15 %
9 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100%

Names of Student Team Members

1. ...........................
2. ............................

3. ............................

4. ............................

Marks Obtained Dated signature of Teacher

Process Product Total

Related(15) Related(l0) (25)

Maharashtra state Board

Practical No. 18: Temperature Control System Troubleshooting

I Practical Significance
Electronic cutout for temperature control is used in furnace in the Industries. This
circuit will tum off the supply given to the heater coils as soon as the desired
temperature has been reached. When actual temperature goes slightly above the set
temperature, the comparator output becomes low. This will tum off the power
transistor or relay i.e. relay contact will become open. This results in disconnecting the
heater coil from the ac supply. Thus temperature of the furnace is controlled at desired
level.

II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)

• Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based Electrical engineering related problems.
• Experiments and practice: An ability to plan and perform experiments and
practices to use the results to solve engineering problems.
• Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.

III Competency and Practical Skills

This practical is expected to develop the following skills for the industry identified
competency 'Maintain the proper functioning of power electronic devices'
1. Use multimeter to measure various electrical parameters.
ii. Use the CRO to get the desired results
iii. Interpret the circuit diagrams

IV Relevant Course Outcome(s)

a. Select power electronic devices for specific applications.
b. Maintain the performance of Thyristors.
c. Troubleshoot tum-on and tum-off circuits of Thyristors.
d. Maintain phase controlled rectifiers.
e. Maintain industrial control circuits.

V Practical Outcome
Troubleshoot the Temperature control system.

VI Relevant Affective domain related Outcome(s)

• Follow safety practices.
• Practice good housekeeping.
• Maintain tools and equipment.

Maharashtra state Board

VII Minimum Theoretical Background

VIII Problem Statement

(Sample given below, teacher should provide different problem to other batches)
Diagnose and rectify the problem when sensor is not working properly at set
temperature.

IX Provide relevant block diagram/circuit diagram/wiring diagram to the students

Note:- Students draw the blocl/circuit diagram of the given Speed control system.

Maharashtra state Board

X Resources Required

S. No. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

1
2
3

XI Precautions to be Followed

XII Procedure

XIII Resources Used

S. Name of Broad Specifications Quantity Remarks

No. Resource Make Details (If any)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

XIV Actual Procedure Followed (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

Maharashtra state Board

XV Observations and Calculations (Use blank sheet provided if space not sufficient)

XVI Results

XVII Interpretation of Results (Give meaning of the above obtained results)

XVIII Conclusions (Actions/decisions to be taken based on the interpretation ofresults).

XIX Practical Related Questions

1. Write specifications of power transistor/ thyristor, relay and sensor used in given
Temprature control system.
2. State the effect of heater load on thyristor.

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra state Board

XX References / Suggestions for further reading
1. A text - Lab Manual, Zbar, , Paul B. McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd, New
Delhi,1990, ISBN: 9780070728226.
2. SCR Manual, General electric Prentice Hall; 6th edition, ISBN 978-0137967636
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KumwNkiK4Gc
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lRsrizfWME

XXI Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance indicators Weightage

Process related: (15 Marks) 60%
1 Handling of the components 10%
2 Identification of component 10%
3 Measuring value using suitable instrument 30%
4 Working in team 10%
Product related: (10 Marks) 40%
5 Calculate theoretical values of given component 10%
6 Interpretation of result 05 %
7 Conclusions 05 %
8 Practical related questions 15 %
9 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100%

Names of Student Team Members

1. ...........................
2. ...........................

3. ...........................

4. ...........................

Marks Obtained Dated signature of Teacher

Process Product Total

Related(l5) Related(l0) (25)

Maharashtra state Board

List Of Laboratory Manuals Developed by MSBTE
First Semester:

1 Fundamentals of ICT 22001 16 Digital Communication Systems 22428

2 English 22101 17 Mechanical Engineering Measurments 22443
3 English Work Book 22101 18 Fluid Mechanics and Machinery 22445
4 Basic Science (Chemistry) 22102 19 Fundamentals Of Mechatronics 22048
5 Basic Science (Physics) 22102 Fifth Semester:
Second Semester:
1 Design of Steel and RCC Structures 22502
1 Bussiness Communication Using Computers 22009 2 Public Health Engineering 22504
2 Computer Peripherals & Hardware Maintenace 22013 3 Heat Transfer Operation 22510
3 Web Page Design with HTML 22014 4 Environmental Technology 22511
4 Applied Science (Chemistry) 22202 5 Operating Systems 22516
5 Applied Science (Physics) 22202 6 Advanced Java Programming 22517
6 Applied Machines 22203 7 Software Testing 22518
7 Basic Surveying 22205 8 Control Systems and PLC's 22531
8 Applied Science (Chemistry) 22211 9 Embedded Systems 22532
9 Applied Science (Physics) 22211 10 Mobile and Wireless Communication 22533
10 Fundamental of Electrical Engineering 22212 11 Industrial Machines 22523
11 Elements of Electronics 22213 12 Switchgear and Protection 22524
12 Elements of Electrical Engineering 22215 13 Energy Conservation and Audit 22525
13 Basic Electronics 22216 14 Power Engineering and Refrigeration 22562
14 'C' programming Language 22218 15 Solid Modeling and Additive Manufacturing 22053
15 Basic Electronics 22225 16 Guidelines & Assessment Manual for 22057
16 Programming in "C" 22226 Micro Projects & Industrial Training
17 Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering 22231 Sixth Semester:
Third Semester: 1 Solid Modeling 17063
1 Applied Multimedia Techniques 22024 2 Highway Engineering 17602
3 Contracts & Accounts 17603
2 Advanced Serveying 22301 4 Design of R.C.C. Structures 17604
3 Highway Engineering 22302 5 Industrial Fluid Power 17608
4 Mechanics of Structures 22303 6 Design of Machine Elements 17610
5 Building Construction 22304 7 Automotive Electrical and Electronic Systems 17617
6 Concrete Technology 22305 8 Vehicle Systems Maintenance 17618
7 Strength Of Materials 22306 9 Software Testing 17624
8 Automobile Engines 22308 10 Advanced Java Programming 17625
9 Automobile Transmission System 22309 11 Mobile Computing 17632
10 Mechanical Operations 22313 12 System Programing 17634
11 Technology Of Inorganic Chemicals 22314 13 Testing & Maintenance of Electrical Equipments 17637
12 Object Oriented Programming Using C++ 22316 14 Power Electronics 17638
13 Data Structure Using 'C' 22317 15 Illumination Engineering 17639
14 Computer Graphics 22318 16 Power System Operation & Control 17643
15 Database Management System 22319 17 Environmental Technology 17646
18 Mass Transfer Operation 17648
16 Digital Techniques 22320 19 Advanced Communication System 17656
17 Principles Of Database 22321 20 Mobile Communication 17657
18 Digital Techniques & Microprocessor 22323 21 Embedded System 17658
19 Electrical Circuits 22324 22 Process Control System 17663
20 Electrical & Electronic Measurment 22325 23 Industrial Automation 17664
21 Fundamental Of Power Electronics 22326 24 Industrial Drives 17667
22 Electrical Materials & Wiring Practice 22328 25 Video Engineering 17668
23 Applied Electronics 22329 26 Optical Fiber & Mobile Communication 17669
24 Electrical Circuits & Networks 22330 27 Therapeutic Equipment 17671
25 Electronic Measurments & Instrumentation 22333 28 Intensive Care Equipment 17672
26 Principles Of Electronics Communication 22334 29 Medical Imaging Equipment 17673
27 Thermal Engineering 22337
28 Engineering Matrology 22342 Pharmacy Lab Manual
29 Mechanical Engineering Materials 22343 First Year:
30 Theory Of Machines 22344
1 Pharmaceutics - I 0805
Fourth Semester: 2 Pharmaceutical Chemistry - I 0806
1 Hydraulics 22401 3 Pharmacognosy 0807
2 Geo Technical Engineering 22404 4 Biochemistry and Clinical Pathology 0808
3 Chemical Process Instrumentation & Control 22407 5 Human Anatomy and Physiology 0809
4 Fluid Flow Operation 22409 Second Year:
5 Technology Of Organic Chemicals 22410
6 Java Programming 22412 1 Pharmaceutics - II 0811
7 GUI Application Development Using VB.net 22034 2 Pharmaceutical Chemistry - II 0812
8 Microprocessor 22415 3 Pharmacology & Toxicology 0813
9 Database Managment 22416 4 Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy 0816
10 Electric Motors And Transformers 22418
11 Industrial Measurements 22420
12 Digital Electronics And Microcontroller Applications 22421
13 Linear Integrated Circuits 22423
14 Microcontroller & Applications 22426
15 Basic Power Electronics 22427
HEAD OFFICE

Secretary,
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education
49, Kherwadi, Sandra (East), Mumbai - 400 051
Maharashtra (INDIA)
Tel: (022)26471255 (5 -lines)
Fax: 022 - 26473980
Email: -secre
Web -www.msbte.

REGIONAL OFFICES:

MUMBAI PUNE
Deputy Secretary (T), Deputy Secretary (T),

Mumbai Sub-region, M.S. Board of Technical Education,

2nd Floor, Govt. Polytechnic Building, Regional Office,

49, Kherwadi, Sandra (East) 412-E, Bahirat Patil Chowk,

Mumbai - 400 051 Shivaji Nagar, Pune
Phone: 022-26473253 / 54 Phone: 020-25656994 / 25660319
Fax:022-26478795 Fax:020-25656994
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

NAGPUR AURANGABAD
Deputy Secretary (T), Deputy Secretary (T),
M.S. Board of Technical Education M.S. Board of Technical Education,
Regional Office, Regional Office,
Mangalwari Bazar, Sadar, Nagpur - 440 001 Osmanpura, Aurangabad -431 001.
Phone: 0712-2564836 / 2562223 Phone: 0240-2334025/2331273
Fax:0712-2560350 Fax: 0240-2349669
Email: rb [email protected] Email: r teau@msbte com