1 Module 3 | Informational Texts

2 Module 3 | Informational Texts

INTRODUCTION

This module aims to encourage the learners to appreciate and critically study the various dimensions,
genres, elements, structures, contexts, and traditions of the 21st Century Literature from the Philippines.
Moreover, the learners are expected to show understanding and appreciation of 21st Century Philippine
literature from the regions by writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts and by doing
an adaptation using various multimedia platforms.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

Lesson 1 Expository Text - is a form of writing that aims to explain, describe, inform, or clarify a topic.
Unlike narrative texts, which tell a story, expository texts present facts, ideas, and explanations logically and
clearly. You’ll often encounter this type of text in textbooks, manuals, news articles, and essays.

GRADE LEVEL STANDARD

In the Grade 7 English Matatag Curriculum, students are expected to develop foundational skills in
language, literature, communication, and critical thinking. They will expand their vocabulary and grammar
proficiency, enabling them to write coherent and structured sentences. Reading comprehension will be
enhanced through the analysis of various literary genres, particularly Philippine literature, and informational
texts. Writing skills will be honed through the writing process and creative compositions, focusing on clarity
and the use of literary devices. Additionally, students will improve their listening and speaking abilities
through critical listening and effective oral communication. They will also acquire basic research and media
literacy skills, equipping them to gather, evaluate, and cite information responsibly. These competencies are
designed to prepare students for more advanced English studies and foster a lifelong appreciation for language
and literature.

CONTENT STANDARD

The learners demonstrate their word knowledge as used in formal and informal situations; knowledge of grammatical
structures; literal, inferential, and critical comprehension of literary and informational texts; composing and creating text
skills; and knowledge of non-verbal cues and propaganda techniques to produce culture-based texts based on one’s
purpose, context, and target audience.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD

The learners apply literal, inferential, and critical comprehension of literary and informational texts; produce culture-
based texts: narrative, expository, and persuasive texts appropriate for their purpose context (Indigenous People and
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regional celebrations); and target audience using simple, compound, and complex sentences, and age-appropriate and
gender-sensitive language.

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES

In this module, you should be able to:
1. EN7INF-III-1 Examine text structures of non-journalistic (expository) texts for clarity of meaning and
purpose: comparison and contrast
2. EN7INF-III-2 Examine linguistic features as tools to achieve organizational efficiency in informational
texts: transition devices
3. EN7INF-III-4 Extract significant information.
4. EN7INF-III-11 Analyze textual evidence to support an argument/general statement: summarizing

SPECIFIC LEARNING COMPETENCIES

In this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Analyze the text structure of different types of expository texts by noting purpose and organization of ideas.
2. Identify the meaning and use of different transitional devices in expository texts.
3. Note important details to summarize information presented in expository texts.

PRE-ASSESSMENT

Directions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is the main purpose of an expository text?

A. To entertain readers
B. To persuade readers
C. To explain or inform readers
D. To describe fictional events
2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an expository text?
A. Provides factual information
B. Includes dialogue and characters
C. Uses clear and logical organization
D. Contains headings and subheadings
3. Which method of paragraph development explains similarities and differences between two subjects?
A. Cause and effect
B. Compare and contrast
C. Problem and solution
D. Process analysis
4. What type of transition word signals a cause-and-effect relationship?
A. First, second, third
B. Therefore, consequently, as a result
C. Although, however, on the contrary
D. Meanwhile, previously, afterward
5. Which of the following is an example of an expository text?
A. A short story about friendship
B. A news article explaining climate change
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C. A poem about nature’s beauty

D. A fictional novel about outer space
6. What is the purpose of using headings and subheadings in an expository text?
A. To entertain the reader
B. To create suspense
C. To organize information clearly
D. To describe characters and settings
7. Which expository method would be most appropriate for a text explaining how photosynthesis works?
A. Cause and effect
B. Process analysis
C. Compare and contrast
D. Problem and solution
8. Identify the transition word in this sentence:
"The weather was terrible; therefore, the picnic was canceled."
A. Weather
B. Therefore
C. Was
D. Canceled
9. What is the first step when writing an expository text?
A. Creating characters
B. Making up a story
C. Gathering facts and information
D. Using rhymes and figurative language
10. Which of the following statements is true about expository texts?
A. They are always fictional stories.
B. They include personal opinions without facts.
C. They explain information using evidence and examples.
D. They are mainly written to persuade readers to agree.

LESSON MAP

COMPARISON
CAUSE AND
AND
EFFECT
CONTRAST

PROBLEM AND
SEQUENCE
SOLUTION
EXPOSITORY
TEXT

This lesson encapsulates the key elements of Expository text

Lesson 1: Introduction to Expository text

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ENGAGE: How Ready are you?

Activity 1: Feedback Table of the Writing Process

INSTRUCTION: Recall the steps in the writing process and how these were applied in your final writing
task in Quarter 2. Assign who will be Students 1, 2, and 3 in your group. Answer the question (What did
your group do in each stage?) under your assigned column. Once done, share your answer with your group
mates. While one is sharing, you must complete your table by filling out the other columns with the answers
of your group mates.
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EXPLORE: What you should know

Activity 2: Unlocking Vocabulary using Context Clues

Instruction: Give the meaning of unfamiliar words using clues used within the sentence. Below
are unfamiliar words (underlined) from the article #PHTravel: Sinulog, Ati-Atihan, and Dinagyang.
7 Module 3 | Informational Texts

EXPLAIN: Deepening my thoughts

WHAT IS AN EXPOSITORY TEXT?

An expository text is a form of writing that aims to explain, describe, inform, or clarify a topic. Unlike
narrative texts, which tell a story, expository texts present facts, ideas, and explanations logically and
clearly. You’ll often encounter this type of text in textbooks, manuals, news articles, and essays.

The primary purpose of an expository text is to educate the reader by providing well-organized information.
Writers use this style to ensure that readers understand a concept, event, or process without including personal
opinions or emotions.

KEY FEATURES OF EXPOSITORY TEXTS

1. Clear Structure:

 Expository texts follow a logical structure with introductions, body paragraphs, and conclusions.
 Each paragraph usually covers one main idea, supported by examples, evidence, and explanations.

2. Use of Transition Words:

 Transition words like “however,” “therefore,” “first,” “next,” and “finally” guide readers through the
text.
 These words help establish relationships between sentences and ideas, making the text easier to follow.

3. Objective Tone:

 The language used in expository texts is often formal and neutral, avoiding personal opinions or biases.
 Authors rely on facts, data, and logical explanations to support their points.

4. Headings and Subheadings:

 These organizational tools help readers navigate the text and locate specific information quickly.

5. Evidence and Examples:

 Writers include facts, statistics, quotes, and examples to clarify and strengthen their explanations.

Common Methods of Paragraph Development

1. Cause and Effect:

Explains why something happens and what results from it.

 Example: “Pollution in cities has increased significantly due to industrial emissions, leading to severe
respiratory issues.”

2. Compare and Contrast:

Highlights similarities and differences between two or more subjects.

8 Module 3 | Informational Texts

 Example: “While solar energy is sustainable and renewable, fossil fuels are non-renewable and
contribute to pollution.”

3.Problem and Solution:

Identifies a problem and suggests possible solutions.

 Example: “Deforestation is a major environmental concern. Reforestation programs can help restore
ecosystems.”

3. Process Analysis:

Describes how something is done or how a process works.

 Example: “To make paper, trees are cut and processed into pulp, which is then dried and pressed into
sheets.”

The Importance of Expository Texts

 Enhances Understanding: Readers gain knowledge about unfamiliar topics through clear explanations.
 Develops Critical Thinking: Readers analyze the presented information, make connections, and form
conclusions.
 Supports Academic Learning: Many textbooks and research articles use the expository style to explain
concepts in subjects like science, history, and mathematics.

EXTEND: Enriching what you have Learned

Activity 6: (Jigsaw)
Instruction: For 5 minutes, read about your assigned expository text structure and fill in the Table with its
definition, transition words, and concept map(s). Once you are finished, sit with your group mates and take
turns sharing your notes. Complete the Table as you listen to the information about the other expository text
structures.
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EVALUATE: Looking at my performance

Activity 7: (Expository Text Structure Quiz )
INSTRUCTION: Identify the expository method used to develop each paragraph based on your knowledge
of the different expository text structures. Write your answer in the blank provided before each number.

TOPIC SUMMARY
In this lesson, you have learned that …

 Expository texts aim to explain, describe, inform, or clarify a topic using factual information.
 They are commonly found in textbooks, news articles, manuals, and academic essays.

 · Purpose:
 To educate and inform the reader without personal opinions or emotional language.

 · Key Features:
 Clear Structure: Organized with an introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.
 Transition Words: Words like “however,” “therefore,” “first,” and “finally” connect ideas.
 Objective Tone: Formal and neutral language presenting facts and evidence.
 Headings and Subheadings: Provide clarity and make it easier to find information.
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 Evidence and Examples: Support explanations using data, facts, and real-world examples.

 · Methods of Paragraph Development:

 Cause and Effect: Explains reasons and outcomes of a situation.
 Compare and Contrast: Highlights similarities and differences.
 Problem and Solution: Identifies issues and presents solutions.
 Process Analysis: Describes step-by-step processes or how something works.

 · Importance of Expository Texts:

 Helps readers gain knowledge and understand complex topics.
 Encourages critical thinking through analysis of factual information.
 Supports academic learning in various subjects.

POST-ASSESSMENT
Instruction: Read each item carefully and follow directions. Write the letter of the most appropriate answer
on your answer sheet.

1. What is the main purpose of an expository text?

A. To entertain readers
B. To persuade readers
C. To explain or inform readers
D. To describe fictional events
2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an expository text?
A. Provides factual information
B. Includes dialogue and characters
C. Uses clear and logical organization
D. Contains headings and subheadings
3. Which method of paragraph development explains similarities and differences between two subjects?
A. Cause and effect
B. Compare and contrast
C. Problem and solution
D. Process analysis
4. What type of transition word signals a cause-and-effect relationship?
A. First, second, third
B. Therefore, consequently, as a result
C. Although, however, on the contrary
D. Meanwhile, previously, afterward
5. Which of the following is an example of an expository text?
A. A short story about friendship
B. A news article explaining climate change
C. A poem about nature’s beauty
D. A fictional novel about outer space
6. What is the purpose of using headings and subheadings in an expository text?
A. To entertain the reader
B. To create suspense
C. To organize information clearly
D. To describe characters and settings
7. Which expository method would be most appropriate for a text explaining how photosynthesis works?
A. Cause and effect
B. Process analysis
C. Compare and contrast
D. Problem and solution
8. Identify the transition word in this sentence:
"The weather was terrible; therefore, the picnic was canceled."
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A. Weather
B. Therefore
C. Was
D. Canceled
9. What is the first step when writing an expository text?
A. Creating characters
B. Making up a story
C. Gathering facts and information
D. Using rhymes and figurative language
10. Which of the following statements is true about expository texts?
A. They are always fictional stories.
B. They include personal opinions without facts.
C. They explain information using evidence and examples.
D. They are mainly written to persuade readers to agree.

REFERENCES

Bicknell, M. Compare and Contrast: Explanations and Examples. Houston Community College Learning
Web. https://cpb-ca
c1.wpmucdn.com/myriverside.sd43.bc.ca/dist/9/678/files/2014/09/Compare-and-Contrast-Explanations-and-
Examples-1sy13za.pdf
Eye in the sky. (2009, April 11). Songkran Festival and the Water-Splashing Revelry of Thailand. https://eye-
in-the-blue
sky.blogspot.com/2009/04/songkran-festival-and-water-splashing.html
Festival Masks of the Philippines. http://www.philippinestamps.net/RP2014-Masks.htm
Health Sciences Center Kuwait University. Comparison and Contrast Essay: Block method.
http://www.hsc.edu.kw/vpo/ELU/EFLLAB/Writing/e182/Sample_Block_Method_Essay.htm
Heart 2 Teach. Writing Process Posters. Pinterest. https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/333829391133356011/
Hilldale Public Schools. Author’s Purpose, Inferences, and Predictions.
https://www.hilldale.k12.ok.us/vimages/shared/vnews/stories/5b7b01e8417ae/Authors%20Purpose
%20Notes.pdf
Illinois State University. Text Structure Resources. https://education.illinoisstate.edu/downloads/casei/3-01-
04-
handout%20TextStructureResources%201.pdf
Kapwa Travel. Filipino Fiestas, Festivals, and Holidays. https://kapwatravel.com/filipino-fiestas-festivals-
holidays/
Leal, L. (2023). Interactive Notebook Lesson for Comparing and Contrasting Paleo Indians and Archaic
People.
https://www.lumoslearning.com/llwp/resources/pinterest_listings.html?id=1447950
Rappler. (2013, January 19). #PHTravel: Sinulog, Ati-Atihan, and Dinagyang. https://www.rappler.com/life-
and-style/20016-phtravel-festival
facts-sinulog-ati-atihan-dinagyang/
Saratsiotis, G. Organizational Patterns for the Comparison/Contrast Essay. San Jose State University Writing
Center.
https://www.sjsu.edu/people/saul.cohn/courses/100W/s1/Organization_CompareContrast.pdf