EP 11-3-3

INSULATION APPLICATION – VESSELS AND Revision 0.0

EQUIPMENT Date: 10/2021
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 SCOPE .......................................................................................................................................................2

2.0 REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................................2
3.0 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................................................3
4.0 DRAWING AND INSULATION SCHEDULES ..................................................................................................3
5.0 DOCUMENTATION.....................................................................................................................................4
5.1 (*) PROPOSAL INFORMATION ...............................................................................................................................4
5.2 CONTRACTOR SPECIFICATION ................................................................................................................................4
6.0 ACCEPTABLE MATERIALS ...........................................................................................................................4
6.1 GENERAL ..........................................................................................................................................................4
6.2 RIGID AND RESILIENT INSULATION ..........................................................................................................................5
6.3 INSULATION COVERINGS ......................................................................................................................................5
6.4 ACCESSORIES .....................................................................................................................................................6
7.0 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS ...........................................................................................................................7
8.0 INSULATION SUPPORTS.............................................................................................................................7
9.0 APPLICATION ............................................................................................................................................8
9.1 GENERAL ..........................................................................................................................................................8
9.2 SURFACE PREPARATION .......................................................................................................................................8
9.3 PROJECTIONS .....................................................................................................................................................8
9.4 ACCESS AND CLEARANCE ......................................................................................................................................8
9.5 INSTALLATION ....................................................................................................................................................9
10.0 WEATHERPROOFING ...............................................................................................................................10
10.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................................10
10.2 METAL JACKETS................................................................................................................................................10
10.3 ELASTOMERIC COATINGS....................................................................................................................................11
10.4 MASTIC COATINGS............................................................................................................................................12
11.0 APPLICATION FOR FIRE PROTECTION.......................................................................................................12
12.0 INSPECTION.............................................................................................................................................12
13.0 TABLES ....................................................................................................................................................13
14.0 FIGURES ..................................................................................................................................................15
15.0 REVISION LOG .........................................................................................................................................29

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1.0 SCOPE
1.1 This Practice governs the mandatory requirements for materials and application of external
insulation for equipment operating above the atmospheric dew point.
1.2 This Practice is not applicable to boilers, fired heaters, or storage tanks.
1.3 Any deviation from this Practice must be approved by the procedure described in EP 1-1-3.
1.4 This Practice is appropriate for attachment to an inquiry or purchase document when
accompanied by the referenced Company Practices and the completed data sheets, as
required.
1.5 An asterisk (*) indicates that a decision by the Owner is required, or that additional information
shall be furnished by the purchaser.
1.6 A revision bar indicates all changes made to this revision.

2.0 REFERENCES
The latest edition of the following standards and publications are referred to herein.
Standards and Publications

Equity Engineering Practices

EP 1-1-3 Deviations to Equity Engineering Practices
EP 2-5-2 Documentation Format Requirements
EP 7-1-5 Welding Requirements for Pressure Vessels
EP 10-3-1 Shop Painting
EP 11-2-1 Fireproofing
EP 11-3-1 Insulation Design
EP 11-3-5 Removable/Reusable Insulation
EP 11-3-6 Insulation of Flanged Joints and Valves in Hot Service
ASTM
ASTM A167 Standard Specification for Heat-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless
Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and General Applications
ASTM B209 Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
ASTM C449 Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Hydraulic-Setting Thermal Insulating and
Finishing Cement
ASTM C533 Standard Specification for Calcium Silicate Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation
ASTM C547 Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Pipe Insulation
ASTM C552 Standard Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation
ASTM C592 Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Insulation
ASTM C610 Standard Specification for Expanded Perlite Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation
ASTM C612 Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Block and Board Insulation
ASTM C665 Standard Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Light Frame
Construction and Manufactured Housing
ASTM C795 Standard Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless
Steels
ASTM C892 Standard Specification for High Temperature Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation

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Standards and Publications

ASTM C929 Standard Practice for Handling, Transporting, Shipping, Storage, Receiving, and
Application of Thermal Insulation Materials to be Used Over Austenitic Stainless Steel
ASTM C1676 Standard Specification for Microporous Thermal Insulation
ASTM C1728 Standard Specification for Flexible Aerogel Insulation
ASTM E84 Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

3.0 DEFINITIONS
3.1 Company – Engro.
3.2 Contractor – Company or business that agrees to furnish materials or perform specified
services at a specified price and/or rate to the Owner.
3.3 Design Temperature – Shall be the highest temperature reached during operation, steamout, or
regeneration.
3.4 Equipment – Each pump, compressor, product accumulator vessel, pressure relief device,
valve, sampling connection system, open-ended valve or line, flange or other connector in VOC
service, or devices or systems required by this Practice.
3.5 Fire Exposed Area – An area is considered fire exposed if it is horizontally within 30 feet of any
fire potential equipment or of the limits of a potential pool or stream of burning liquid, or if it is
vertically within 40 feet above any level at which a fire may be initiated. When a fire can be
started above grade, the distance below (to grade) is also considered fire exposed. Outside of
battery limits, an area is considered fire exposed if it is horizontally within 30 ft of the edge of a
potential pool or stream of burning liquid.
3.6 Inspector – An Engro appointed engineer or inspector.
3.7 Low Melting Point Alloy – An alloy with a melting point below 1800°F. This includes the
aluminum, copper, and magnesium alloys.
3.8 Manufacturer – The recipient of a direct or indirect purchase order for materials and/or
equipment. In this context, a direct order is one issued to a manufacturer by a contractor or the
Owner. An indirect order is one issued to a manufacturer by a vendor (recipient of a direct
order) for materials, fabricated components, or subassemblies.
3.9 Owner – Engro.
3.10 Owner’s Engineer – An Engro appointed engineer.
3.11 Purchaser – The party placing a direct purchase order. The purchaser is the Owner’s
designated representative.

4.0 DRAWING AND INSULATION SCHEDULES

4.1 (*) Drawing and insulation schedules shall be supplied to the Contractor by the Owner’s
Engineer and shall contain the following information:
1) Equipment (designated by equipment number) to be insulated and extent of insulation if
only partial coverage is required.
2) Equipment that requires special insulation to prevent stress corrosion cracking of austenitic
stainless steel.
3) Type, total thickness, and number of layers of insulation required.
4) Design and operating temperatures.

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5) Extent of insulation designated as fireproofing.

6) Equipment that requires insulation only for personnel protection.
7) Equipment to be heat traced and type of tracing.
8) Type of insulation weatherproof covering, and external coating as required.
9) Designated areas and requirements for surface preparation and painting.
10) Areas specified to be insulated for noise control or combined thermal and noise control.
11) Manways and flanges to be insulated.
12) Areas where insulation is to be both removable and reusable.
13) Type and location of expansion joints.
14) Surfaces specified to be insulated for winterizing.
4.2 Documentation requirements for insulation system are shown in Table 1.

5.0 DOCUMENTATION
5.1 (*) Proposal Information
The following data as applicable shall be submitted to purchaser for approval by the Owner’s
Engineer.
1) Product specifications.
2) Material storage requirements, including shelf life and temperature.
3) Design and application details of expansion joints.
4) Repair procedures for damaged areas.
5) Inspection and testing procedures.
6) Recommended safety precautions, such as the proposed method of electrical grounding of
equipment (i.e., for blast cleaning and spray application).
5.2 Contractor Specification
The Owner’s Engineer shall supply a supplemental job specification to the insulation Contractor.
The job specification shall include all applicable drawing and insulation schedules, material
specifications, and all obligations and responsibilities required for the job.

6.0 ACCEPTABLE MATERIALS

6.1 General
6.1.1 Insulation, jacketing, and weatherproofing materials shall comply with the requirements of EP
11-3-1 and shall be suitable for the design temperature.
6.1.2 (*) Vessels and equipment with design temperatures at and above 450°F, in fire exposed areas,
used as fire protection, or areas of high maintenance traffic shall be calcium silicate or perlite.
When approved by the Owner’s Engineer, ESLIN or Hitlin insulation conforming to ASTM
C1738 may be used up to the maximum temperatures specified for those materials in EP 11-3-
1. Where the specified thickness of insulation for thermal service or personnel protection
results in non-compliance with the recommended or mandated clearance specifications,
insulation meeting the requirements of EP 11-3-1 may be used if approved by the Owner’s
Engineer.
1) Bottom heads on vertical vessels with skirts shall be insulated with mineral wool blanket, 8
pound density with #20 gauge hexagonal mesh galvanized wire (do not use galvanized

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wire on stainless steel equipment) on both sides for temperatures up to 1200°F. The use
of alternative proposed materials shall be approved by the Owner’s Engineer.
2) Irregularly shaped equipment may be insulated with removable insulation per EP 11-3-5 or
insulating cement rated for 1200°F (minimum).
3) Equipment insulation systems used in fire exposed areas or for fire protection systems
shall comply with the applicable requirements of EP 11-2-1.
6.1.3 Vessels and equipment with design temperatures below 450°F shall be insulated with one or
more of the following materials:
1) Calcium Silicate.
2) Cellular glass (preferred when operating temperatures are below 250°F, or cycle below
250°F).
3) Mineral Wool (vertical vessel shells and bottom heads).
6.2 Rigid and Resilient Insulation
6.2.1 Calcium Silicate block insulation shall be suitable for a continuous operating temperature of
1200°F and comply with ASTM C533, Type I requirements. For fire exposed areas or higher
temperatures, calcium silicate shall be manufactured to withstand at least 1800°F and shall
comply with ASTM C533, Type 2.
6.2.2 Mineral Wool shall have a neutral pH, a nominal density not less than 8 lb/cu.ft. and be suitable
for a continuous operating temperature of 1200°F, except as noted. Additional requirements
are:
1) Blankets shall conform to ASTM C592, Class II. They shall be faced with wire mesh on
both sides. Mesh shall not be galvanized for use on austenitic steel surfaces.
2) Blocks and boards shall conform to ASTM C612, Type 5. The minimum nominal density
shall be 10 lb/cu.ft. for face temperatures up to 1200°F, and 13lb/cu.ft. up to 1800°F.
6.2.3 Cellular glass shall conform to ASTM 552 and is limited to a maximum service temperature of
450°F. (Foamglas is acceptable up to 900°F.)
6.2.4 Perlite shall comply with ASTM C610, Type II material, and shall have a sodium silicate binder.
The material shall also be subjected to a high temperature test (1200°F), and be checked for
smoking, charring, cracking, and other signs of physical deterioration.
6.2.5 Where alternate high temperature, thin, synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) hydrophobic flexible
blanket 12 lb/ft3 insulation is approved it shall meet the requirements of ASTM C665.
6.2.6 Alumina silica ceramic fiber blanket shall conform to ASTM C892 with a density of 8 lb/cu.ft. and
a maximum use temperature of 2300°F.
6.2.7 Insulating cement shall be mineral fiber ASTM C449. Cement shall set to a hard smooth
monolithic finish.
6.2.8 Expansion joint materials shall consist of compressible insulation suitable for the operating
temperature and, for face temperatures above 450°F, shall be without binders.
6.3 Insulation Coverings
6.3.1 Weatherproofing jacket for equipment in non-fire exposed areas shall be aluminum according to
the following:
1) Sheets and rolls shall be 1-1/4 inch corrugated 0.016 inch thick.
2) Flat stucco embossed aluminum, .019 inches thick, shall be used on heads, transitions,
stiffener rings, and flashing.

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3) Aluminum alloy to be ASTM B209, Type 3003 or 5005.

4) At the discretion of the Owner’s Engineer, jacketing in non-fire exposed areas may be
upgraded to stainless steel, per paragraph 6.3.2.
6.3.2 (*) Weatherproof covering for fire exposed areas and equipment of low melting alloys shall be
0.01 inch thick stainless steel ASTM A240, Types 302, 304, or 316. When approved by
Owner’s Engineer, 0.016 inch thick stainless steel is acceptable where 0.01 inch thick covering
may present a cutting hazard to personnel. Covering steel shall be according to the following:
1) Sheets and rolls shall be 0.01 inch thick with 1-1/4 inch corrugations in the long direction.
2) Formed heads, transitions, stiffener rings, and flashing shall be 0.010 inch thick, smooth,
interlocking gore type.
6.3.3 Fireproofing mastic shall be a breather type, asbestos free, with a flame spread of 4 or less
(Vimasco WC-1 or equal).
6.3.4 All jacketing materials shall have a vapor barrier of colored converted epoxy, colored
polyethylene, or 50 pound polyethylene-kraft paper moisture barrier 100 percent bonded to the
inside surface. When specified on the insulation schedules the outside of the jacketing shall be
coated with a color converted epoxy.
6.3.5 Insulating and Finishing Cement shall be composed of mineral fiber pellets and insulating fillers,
blended with hydraulic setting binders and corrosion inhibitors. Cement shall set to a smooth,
hard monolithic finish.
6.3.6 Insulation systems on low melting alloys (such as aluminum), or on equipment where the
system is considered as fireproofing, shall be capable of withstanding the force of firehose
stream impingement.
6.3.7 Elastomeric coatings shall be used over cellular glass insulation when metal jackets are not
provided.
6.3.8 Applied coatings of asphaltic (mastic) or elastomeric (such as butyl rubber) materials shall
comply with the following:
1) A flame spread classification of not more than 25 per ASTM E84.
2) A demonstrated resistance to solar radiation.
3) Flexible at the lowest temperature to which they are exposed.
4) Compatible with the insulation materials.
5) Mastics shall be of the breathing emulsion type.
6.3.9 Mastic Weathercoat shall be a vinyl acrylic Childers Vicryl CP-10/CP 11-11-1 or equal.
6.4 Accessories
6.4.1 Bands shall be stainless steel, Type 302, 304, or 316, annealed temper. Sizes shall be 3/4 inch
wide by 0.020 inch minimum thickness, with wing type seals. Breather springs shall be used
where required for expansion.
6.4.2 (*) Bands shall be marked (either stamped or color coded as specified by the refinery) to
indicate non-asbestos containing insulation. Bands on asbestos containing insulation shall be
color coded yellow.
6.4.3 Seals shall be stainless steel to match bands (regular-wing type, long shank).
6.4.4 Wire shall be 18 BWG stainless steel, Type 302, 304, or 316 annealed temper.
6.4.5 Reinforcing for applied coatings shall be as follows:

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1) Wire mesh shall be 1 in. hexagonal woven wire poultry mesh, 0.035 inch (20 BWG)
minimum wire diameter. Wire shall be either stainless steel or Monel. The mesh shall be
laced into place with wire at least 0.08 inch diameter of the same material.
2) Glass Fabric shall be per coating manufacturer’s recommendations for reinforcing fabric in
mastic finishes. If not specified, use 10 x 10 open mesh, Childers Chil-Glas #10 or equal.
6.4.6 Sheet metal screws for securing metal to metal shall be Number 8 by 1/2 inch long self-tapping,
Type 304 stainless steel, with neoprene gaskets.
6.4.7 Breather springs shall be stainless steel to match bands, 5 inch minimum expansion, and a 110
pound load limit (minimum). Double springs (INSUL-MATE ES-7 RPR Products, Inc., or equal)
shall be used for jacketing.
6.4.8 Flashing Compound where temperatures exceed 250°F shall be a high temperature asphalt for
weatherproofing applications.
6.4.9 Sealer/flashing mastic shall be non-shrinking permanently flexible, less than one perm water
vapor per 1/16 inch thickness.
6.4.10 S-clips for jacketing on vertical vessels shall be stainless steel, Type 304 annealed temper, see
Figure 1.
6.4.11 Welded studs for insulation jacket supports shall be stainless steel, Type 302, 304, or 316 (see
Figure 2).
6.4.12 Insulation rectangular welding pins (per Figure 2). See paragraph 8.6 for material requirements.

7.0 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS

7.1 (*) In areas where frequent maintenance will require removal of the insulation, as specified by
the Owner’s Engineer and shown on drawings, the system shall be designed to allow easy
removal and reuse. These removable covers shall be designed to remain intact during a fire
and subsequent firewater impingement. They shall also be capable of withstanding normal
mechanical abuse during frequent removal, storage, and reinstallation. Removable insulation
shall comply with the requirements in EP 11-3-5.
7.2 (*) The following items shall not be insulated unless specified by the Owner’s Engineer.
1) Cooling side (water side) surfaces of coolers and condensers.
2) Vessels components with internal refractory/insulation.
3) Flanges.
4) Compressors.
7.3 When flanges qualify for insulation they shall be insulated per EP 11-3-6.

8.0 INSULATION SUPPORTS

8.1 (*) Insulation supports for hot equipment shall be per Figure 3 through Figure 7 for vertical
vessels and Figure 6 for horizontal vessels. For special cases where it is either not permissible
or not practical to weld insulation supports to a vessel, special supports (secured to the vessel
with tie wires or bands) shall be detailed on the drawings and approved by Owner’s Engineer.
8.2 Support rings for use on vertical vessels shall be spaced no more than 8 feet apart. One shall
be located at or below the bottom tangent line.
8.3 Horizontal vessels (over 6 feet in diameter) shall have a bar along the centerline of the vessel.

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8.4 One quarter (1/4) inch diameter rods about the periphery of horizontal vessel heads shall be
used to permit radial banding of blocks on the heads (see Figure 8).
8.5 See Figure 4 for support ring details for vessels with design temperatures less than 450°F. See
Figure 5 for support ring details for vessels with design temperatures of 450°F and greater. See
Figure 8 for horizontal vessel support rings details.
8.6 Vessel attachments required for support of insulation and fireproofing shall be as follows:
1) Support clips welded to the vessel shall be fabricated from the same material as the
vessel.
2) Insulation support ring material shall be.
• Carbon steel for carbon steel and low alloy vessels with design temperatures of 800°F
and less.
• The same as the vessel material for all other cases.
8.7 Heat treated items requiring welding pins, clips or studs shall have pins installed prior to heat
treatment. If pins or studs were not installed before the vessel has been PWHT, the use of self-
adhesive “stick-pins” is acceptable. Welding of insulation support components to equipment
that has been PWHT is not permitted.

9.0 APPLICATION
9.1 General
9.1.1 Pressure tests on vessels and equipment shall be completed before insulation is installed.
9.1.2 Care shall be taken to avoid contact between dissimilar materials that might cause galvanic
corrosion (i.e. aluminum in contact with steel, etc.).
9.1.3 Insulation shall be kept dry and protected against the elements during storage and all stages of
application until the weatherproofing has been installed.
9.2 Surface Preparation
9.2.1 (*) Surface preparation including any washing of stainless steel surfaces, and primer painting,
will be done, as specified, and shall comply with EP 10-3-1.
9.2.2 Surfaces to be insulated shall be dry, and shall have foreign matter removed by solvent
cleaning. Unpainted surfaces also shall be free of loose scale.
9.3 Projections
All projections from surfaces shall be insulated completely or to the maximum practical extent.
(For example; stairway clips shall be insulated to the attachment point of the stairtread; nozzles
shall be insulated to the connective flange).
9.4 Access and Clearance
9.4.1 A minimum clearance of 2 inches, between the outside of any insulation and adjacent
equipment, piping, or structural members shall be maintained. This clearance shall take into
account the thickness of any fireproofing coating or insulation applied to such adjacent
equipment, piping, or structural members.
9.4.2 Insulation on both sides of flanged joints shall be tapered to permit stud removal without
damage to the insulation.
9.4.3 Edges of insulation openings such as around manholes, nozzles, cutouts for stud removal, pipe
supports, and other attachments, shall be sealed with flashing or metal jacketing to prevent

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water from entering. Metal covers shall be used if temperatures are beyond the usable range of
weatherproofing coatings. On partially insulated vessels, the exposed end of the insulation
shall butt up to or against a seated metal ring to prevent water ingress and corrosion under
insulation.
9.4.4 Vessel nameplates (including code inspection plates) shall not be insulated. Insulation
surrounding these plates shall be beveled away from such markings and sealed to prevent
water from entering. Preferably the nameplate shall be attached to a support outside of the
insulation system.
9.5 Installation
9.5.1 All insulation shall be installed butted together.
9.5.2 Each layer of insulation shall be installed with transverse or longitudinal joints staggered, and
secured in place with bands.
9.5.3 If more than one layer of insulation is applied, each layer shall be secured in place, and joints of
each layer offset.
9.5.4 All gaps shall be filled with insulating cement except when insulating stainless steel use blanket
insulation to point-up the insulation gaps.
9.5.5 Spacing of studs, clips or pins for securing insulation shall be on approximately 16 in. centers
for blanket insulation. Block insulation shall be installed with no less than 2 studs (clips or pins)
per block.
9.5.6 When dual layer insulation systems employing different insulation materials are used for
combined thermal and noise control, the mineral wool shall be installed as the outer layer.
9.5.7 Install each panel of board or blanket insulation in a slightly compressed condition in both
directions.
9.5.8 Insulation shall be installed in two staggered layers of nearly equal thickness if:
1) The insulation design temperature is above 600°F and insulation thickness is greater than
2 inches.
2) Insulation is used for fireproofing.
9.5.9 Vessels and Equipment
1) When required by EP 7-1-1 for vertical skirt supported vessels, “Hot Box” details shall be
per Figure 6.
2) Block insulation on vessel and exchanger shells shall be secured in place with bands
spaced on 12 inch centers (maximum). The blocks shall be carefully mitered to fit all
surfaces without rocking. Where double layers are used the inner layer shall be secured
with wire or bands on 18 inch spacing (maximum). Weatherproofing shall be appliedover
the insulation.
3) On vessels operating above 450°F, breather springs shall be installed in the bands
securing the outside and inner layers of insulation.
4) With the vessel or equipment in the cold condition, each spring shall be installed in tension
to produce a 3/4 inch spring expansion.
5) Vertical vessels having insulation design temperatures above 450°F shall have expansion
joints installed below all support rings except at the bottom support. Installation shall be
per Figure 9.
6) For vessels and exchangers block insulation shall be used except when under 24 inches in
diameter, preformed pipe insulation shall be used.

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7) Top and bottom heads on vertical vessels shall be insulated with blocks, secured with
bands attached to a floating ring on the top and to a circumferential support ring at the
tangent line. Band spacing shall be on 12 inch minimum centers at the tangent line. (See
Figure 10 and Figure 11).
8) The bottom heads on vertical vessels with support skirts shall be insulated with mineral
wool blanket supported with wire mesh on both sides, impaled on welding pins and
secured with wire. Weatherproof the bottom head per Section 10.4. Insulation in fire
exposed areas shall be jacketed per Section 11.0.
9) Heads on horizontal vessels, shall be insulated with blocks, secured with bands attached
to a floating ring at the center of the head and to a circumferential ring at the tangent line.
See Figure 8 and Figure 11.
10) (*) See Figure 12 for typical heat exchanger insulation details when removable insulation
covers are specified by the Owner’s Engineer.
11) (*) Unless removable insulation covers, per EP 11-3-5, are specified by the Owner’s
Engineer, shell covers on exchangers shall be insulated with blocks, secured with bands
attached to the 1/4 inch diameter circumferential rod provided on the shell cover by others.
Band spacing shall be 12 inches maximum at the tangent line. A strip 12 inches wide at
the body flange shall be insulated with reusable insulation to facilitate bolt removal. See
Figure 13 for details.
12) (*) Unless removable insulation covers, per EP 11-3-5, are specified by the Owner’s
Engineer, channel covers on exchangers shall be insulated as follows. A 1/4 inch
insulation support ring and 1/8 inch thick plate cover will be provided by the fabricator. The
plate cover shall be removed, the void shall be snugly filled with block or blanket insulation,
and the cover replaced and continuously welded in place. Welding of the cover plate shall
be the responsibility of the insulating contractor. See Figure 13.
13) Double pipe exchangers, when insulated, shall be insulated as a single unit and shall be
covered with a combination of pipe and block insulation securely banded or wired in place.

10.0 WEATHERPROOFING
10.1 General
10.1.1 Insulation must be thoroughly dry at time of weatherproofing.
10.1.2 The type of insulation covering will be specified, on the drawings and insulation schedules.
10.2 Metal Jackets
10.2.1 Use corrugated sheets on vertical vessels and rolls on horizontal or inclined vessels.
10.2.2 Metal jacketing for vertical vessels shall be supported on welded studs (see Figure 2). Studs
shall be spaced on 14 inch centers circumferentially but in no case less than 3 studs shall be
installed. Studs shall be installed below support rings on 24 foot (maximum) vertical centers at
locations where adjacent courses of jacketing will overlap.
10.2.3 On vertical vessels, for those courses where welded studs are not required, support at the
circumferential overlap shall be provided by “S” clips fabricated per Figure 1. S-clips shall be
spaced on 14 inches centers (maximum).
10.2.4 Laps of jackets shall be positioned to shed water. Minimum lap (horizontal and vertical) shall be
as shown in Table 2, but in no case less than 2 full corrugations.
10.2.5 Jackets shall be lapped, or sealed where not practical to lap, to prevent entrance of water.
Insulating cements shall not be used for sealing purposes. This includes lapping the bottom
course over the lower insulation support ring of vertical vessels.

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10.2.6 Jacket attachment shall be designed to hold the jacket in place for the condition of design wind
speed (fastest-mile).
10.2.7 Metal covering shall be secured with bands spaced not less than one band on each
circumferential lap and one at the middle of each sheet, but not to exceed 12 inches on center.
On vertical surfaces, secure bands to sheets with screws on not more than 5 foot centers to
prevent sliding (see Figure 9).
10.2.8 On horizontal vessels, shell and tube and double pipe exchangers, circumferential bands shall
be installed on 12 inch centers and shall be machine-stressed and fastened under tension.
10.2.9 Metal screws shall be installed on longitudinal seams centered between all bands.
10.2.10 On vessels operating above 450°F, breather springs shall be installed in the banding. Breather
springs shall be equally spaced. The number of springs required shall be per Table 3.
10.2.11 On vertical and horizontal vessels, the junction between weatherproofing mastic on the heads
and the metal jacket on the shell shall be sealed with a mastic filler.
10.2.12 The top heads on vertical vessels and both heads on exchanger equipment shall have a metal
cover fabricated with weatherproof seams. Secure gore sections of fabricated head-jackets
with screws on not more than 6 inch centers. The cover shall extend a minimum of 3 inches
down over the shell jacketing. Screws shall be installed on 6 inch centers around the
circumferential overlap.
10.2.13 Stiffener rings on vertical vessels shall be insulated and weatherproofed in accordance with
Figure 14 and Figure 15.
10.2.14 For insulation design temperatures below 400°F, apply a 1/4 inch minimum fillet of
sealer/flashing mastic (Paragraph 6.4.9) to weatherproof small openings between the jacket and
vessel surfaces such as at nozzles, manholes, etc. For temperature above 400°F, metal
flashing shall be used. Extra precautions must be taken to insure proper fit-up.
10.2.15 Mechanical Equipment
1) (*) If those insulating materials specified in this Practice are not acceptable to the Owner,
insulating cement may be installed but the thickness shall be increased 50 percent.
Written deviation from the Owner’s Engineer is necessary before the application of
insulating cement.
2) Pumps and turbines insulated with cement shall be finished as follows: a tack coat of
mastic shall be applied to the outer surface of insulation, then fabric shall be imbedded into
the mastic. The fabric shall lap at least 3 inches at all joints and shall be wrinkle-free. A
1/8 inch thick coat (dry film thickness) of mastic shall then be applied over the fabric. After
drying, no porosity shall exist in coating.
10.3 Elastomeric Coatings
10.3.1 Elastomeric coatings shall be reinforced with synthetic fiber fabric when cellular glass insulation
is used.
10.3.2 (*) Total elastomeric coating film thickness shall be per the coating manufacturer’s
recommendations. Coatings shall be applied in a minimum of two coats. Recommended total
film thickness is 30-40 mils dry (64-86 mils wet). The final proposed thickness shall be
approved by the Owner’s Engineer prior to application.
10.3.3 Reinforcing fabric used in conjunction with the coating shall be applied without wrinkles; metal
fasteners (e.g., staples) shall not be used to hold fabric.
10.3.4 Application of multi-coat system:

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1) Immediately after application of the first coat, and while still wet, a layer of reinforcing fabric
shall be pressed smoothly into the coating. Fabric overlap shall be 1 to 2 inches.
2) After a minimum of 4 hours drying time, the 2nd coating shall be applied.
10.3.5 Double layers of fabric shall be used at joints of attachments, or other configurations, requiring a
smooth transitions of the weatherproofing coatings.
10.4 Mastic Coatings
10.4.1 Where an insulating cement is permitted as an alternative to a metal jacket, this finish shall be
made as follows: the insulating cement shall be installed, and the finished surface shall be
weatherproofed with a mastic coating.
10.4.2 (*) Mastic coatings shall be reinforced and the final thickness shall be per the coating
manufacturer’s recommendations. A minimum thickness of 1/8 inch thick (dry film) is
recommended. The final proposed thickness shall be approved by the Owner’s Engineer prior
to application.
10.4.3 Mastic shall be used on the bottom head on vertical vessels with support skirts.
10.4.4 Application shall be per the manufacturer’s recommendations. As a minimum, when mastic is
used there shall be a tack coat of mastic applied over the insulation, followed by a layer of fabric
installed wrinkle free. After the layer with the fabric dries, a 1/8 inch layer of mastic weather
coat shall be trowelled to a smooth finish. After drying, no porosity shall exist in coating.
10.4.5 This finish shall extend approximately 2 inches under the adjacent weatherproofing jacket.
10.4.6 Vertical joints between mastic and jacketing shall be sealed to prevent entrance of moisture.
10.4.7 Weatherproofing with mastic and fabric shall be done so that all seams are completely covered.

11.0 APPLICATION FOR FIRE PROTECTION

Application of combined thermal insulation and fireproofing shall be per Section 9.0 and Section
10.0 with the following additions:
11.1 Insulation used to fireproof equipment shall be installed in two layers regardless of the insulation
design temperature.
11.2 A band shall be installed not more than 2 inches above all rows of studs supporting fireproofing
jacket on vertical cylindrical vessels.
11.3 (*) Fireproofing mastic when specified by Owner’s Engineer in place of stainless jacketing shall
be reinforced with wire mesh.
11.4 Jacketing shall be designed to remain intact during firewater impingement.
11.5 (*) Jacketing shall be color coded, as specified by Owner’s Engineer.

12.0 INSPECTION
12.1 Compliance with governing specifications shall be checked by the Inspector during the course
of installation of the insulation system.
12.2 Work shall not proceed with the next step in the insulation system sequence (i.e., surface
preparation, priming, insulation, weather barrier application) until the previous work has been
inspected and approved.
12.3 Hammer testing of pins is required to insure integrity of welds. Testing must be done
immediately upon completion of welding.

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13.0 TABLES

Table 1 – Documentation Requirements for Insulation Application per EP 11-3-3

Item Description Format As-Built

1 Product specifications. See EP 2-5-2 Yes
Material storage requirements, including shelf life and
2 See EP 2-5-2 Yes
temperature.
3 Design and application details of insulation expansion joints. See EP 2-5-2 Yes
4 Repair procedures for damaged areas. See EP 2-5-2 Yes
5 Inspections and testing procedures. See EP 2-5-2 Yes
Recommended safety precautions, such as proposed method
6 of electrical grounding of equipment (i.e., blast cleaning and See EP 2-5-2 Yes
spray application).
Contractor Specification
The Owner’s Engineer shall supply a supplemental job
7 specification to the insulation contractor. The job specification See EP 2-5-2 Yes
shall include all applicable drawing and insulation schedules,
material specifications and all obligations and responsibilities
required for the job.

Table 2 – Minimum Lap for Jacketing

Vessel or Equipment Diam. Minimum Lap

 24 inches 2 inches
> 24 inches 3 inches

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Table 3 – Number of Expansion Springs Required per Band

Insulation Design Temperature Range°F

Diameter Section (ft)
450-600 601-800 801-1000 1001-1200
4 to 8 – 1 1 2
8 to 12 1 1 1 2
12 to 20 1 2 2 3
20 to 26 2 3 3 4
26 to 30 3 3 4 5

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14.0 FIGURES
Figure 1 – “S” Clip

L/2 To Fit Weather-

Proofing Jacket
L

L/2 0.030 In. Thick

Width Of Jacket
Banding
Notes:
Length (L) to equal overlap of jacketing per Section 10.0.

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Figure 2 – Insulation Studs and Clips

When Used For Insulation,

Length = Thickness of
Insulation Minus 1/4 In. See
1-1/4 In. Note (1)
(Minimum)

1/4 In. Thick Plate Or

1/2 In.
Rectangular Welding Pin (2).

1-1/4 In.

CL 11/16 In. C Hole

1/4
Outside Shell

Insulation Clip Or Rectangular Welding Pin

Insulation
Metal Jacket
1/4 In. Stainless Steel
Stud Bolt (3)
Neoprene Washer
Gasket (Typical)

Stainless Steel
Shell Nut (Typical)
Stainless Steel
Washer (Typical)

Stud Bolt Detail

Notes:
1) For insulation thickness less than 1-1/2 inches, use 1/2 inch nut or U-shaped 1/4 inch diameter rod welded to
vessel.
2) See Section 8.0 for material requirements.
3) Studs are spaced on 14 inch centers circumferentially, but in no case shall there be less than 3 studs. Install
studs below support rings.

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Figure 3 – Insulation Details for Vertical Vessel

Floating
Ring
See Note 6
See Note 6

T.L.
A A Insulation Z1 Z2 Z3
Thickness (Feet) (Inches) (Inches)
Z1 Z1 (Inches) Max. Min. (8) (8)
<4 8 4 24 4
B B
5 8 3 24 6
Z1 Z1 6 8 3 See Vessel
A A 7 8 2 Drawing

Z1 Z1

A A
SEE NOTE 2
Z1
Z1
B
B
Z1

T Insulation
Thickness
Z1

Z1
B
6 IN.
A1
T.L.
Z1
Z2
Z3
A1

Studs Per Floating

Figure 2 See Notes Ring
3&5
Skirt Leg Or Lug
Supported Vessel Supported Vessel
Notes:
1) Requirements of EP 7-1-3 shall be met in welding insulation and fireproofing supports to vessel.
2) This support is required on vessels with conical transition.
3) Install clips per Figure 7 on bottom head of skirt supported vessels.
4) Provide for fireproofing support per Figure 7, EP 11-2-1.

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5) Stud welding shall not be used on ferritic alloy parts or on carbon steel parts thicker than 1.5 inches.
6) When lifting trunnions are used to erect the equipment, all insulation supports above the trunnions should be per
Figure 5.
7) See Figures 4 and 5 for support ring details.
8) For temperatures requiring a hot box per EP 7-1-1, see Figure 6 for dimension.

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Figure 4 – Insulation Support Details for Vertical Vessels with a Design Temperature 450°F And
Less

T.L. 1/2 In. Bar Of Size Per

Seam Bar Of Size Per Table. See Note 1
Table. See Note 1

2 In. See Note 2

(3) (3)
1/4 2-10 1/4 2-10

Ring "A" Details Ring "B" Details

(3)
1/4 2-10

Bar Of Size Per Leg Support

Table. See Note 1 2 In.

Seam
T.L.
See Note 5
See Note 2 See Note 4

Ring "A1" Details

Insulation Bar Size

Thickness (Inches) (Inches)
See Vessel Drawing
1 3/4 x 1/4
1 1/2 1 1/4 x 1/4
2 1 1/2 x 1/4
2 1/2 2 x 1/4
3 2 1/2 x 5/16
3 1/2 3 x 3/8
4 3 1/2 x 3/8
4 1/2 4 x 3/8
5 4 1/2 x 3/8
6 5 1/2 x 3/8
7 6 1/2 x 3/8
Notes:
1) Install in segments about 24 inches in circumference. Provide a 2 inch gap between segments. Cope as
required to prevent interference with vessel projections.
2) 3/16 in. diameter holes on approximately 12 in. centers.
3) Weld given is for insulation through 4-1/2 in. Use 4 in.-10 in. for 5 in., 6 in. and 7 in. thick insulation.
4) Cut insulation support bar as required to clear legs.
5) Studs spaced on 14 inch centers, but in no case less than 3 studs. Install below support ring.

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Figure 5 – Insulation Support Details for Vertical Vessels with a Design Temperature Exceeding
450°F

7/8 In. 7/8 In.

3/8 In. 3/8 In.
Bar Of Size Per Bar Of Size Per
T.L. Table. See Note 4
Table. See Note 4
Seam
1/2 In.
See Note 2
See Note 5 See Note 3
2 In. "X"
See Note 2
See Note 3 1/4
"X"

1/4 Ring "B" Details

Ring "A" Details

Use Odd Number Of
Clips With 5/8 In. Dia.
Hole In Ring At Center Clip

3/4 In.

1-1/2 In.
Slot Ring Away
From Center Clip
Hole Details

Insulation Clip
Thickness (Inches) Bar Size Dimension "X"
See Vessel Drawing (Inches) (Inches)
3 2 1/8 x 5/16 2 1/2
3 1/2 2 5/8 x 3/8 3
4 3 1/8 x 5/8 3
4 1/2 3 5/8 x 3/8 3
5 4 1/8 x 3/8 3
6 5 1/8 x 3/8 3 1/2
7 6 1/8 x 3/8 3 1/2
Notes:
1) Ring "A1" identical to Figure 4.
2) Angle or bent plate clip (2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 3/8 in.) locate on 36 in. maximum centers for insulation up to 5 in., on 24
in. centers for insulation above 5. A minimum of three lugs per bar segment are required at clips, nozzles and
other projections, locate one lug on each side of projection and cut ring.
3) 5/8 in. dia. hole in clip and 5/8 in. x 1-3/8 in. slot in ring (except center clip) for 1/2 in. dia. bolts with nuts and
washers.
4) Maximum segment length is 6 ft. Provide a 2 inch gap between segments. Cope as required to prevent
interference with vessel projections.
5) 3/16 in. diameter holes on 12 in. centers (maximum).

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Figure 6 – Skirt “Hot Box” Details

Vessel Hot Box

Inside Depth, Y
Diameter (Inches)
(Feet)
U<U 3 5
This Space To Be Left Free Of
> 3 Thru 5 7 Insulation And Vents
> 5 Thru 7 11
> 7 Thru 9 14 1/2 In. Clearance
>9 18
3/8 In. Segmented Ring

Insulation Pins
Y Per Figure 2

Insulation Thickness
Per Vessel Drawing(s)
(Typical)

12 In.
Min.

Vent
Banding Wire
Insulation Thickness
Per Vessel Drawing(s) 1/4 In. Diameter Holes
At 12 In. Centers
Bar Size
Per Figure 4 1/4 In. Continuous CS Ring Of Width
Equal To Insulation Thickness
Circumferential Row
Of Welded Studs Per Location Of Bimetallic Weld For
Figure 2 Non Carbon Steel Pressure Vessels
Fireproofing Thickness Per Fireproofing Support Shall
Vessel Drawing(s) Be Per EP 11-2-1.

CS

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Figure 7 – Layout of Welding Pins

4 In. CL

T.L.

Insulation Welding Pins

Per Figure 2 Welded
On Edge (Typ.) This
Row Shall Be Spaced
12 In. On Circumference

See Layout Below For

Spacing Or Remaining
Pins

24 In.
12 In.

12 In.

24 In.

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Figure 8 – Insulation Supports for Horizontal Vessels

Note6 1 In.
2 Ft . Max.

A A

C B
Floating
Ring1/ 4 In . Dia .

Support
Note3 Elevation Angles
C
Note3

1/ 4 IN.
1/ 4 In.
On Vessel
2 Ft. Arc

Note4
2 1/ 2 In.
Support
NOTE5 Angle
Section A-A
1/ 4
Section B-B
Insulation Support Angle
Thickness Dimensions
Section C-C ( Inches) ( Inches)
1 1/ 2 - 2 1 1/ 2 X 1 1/ 2 X 1/4
2 1/ 2 - 3 2 1/ 2 X 2 1/ 2 X 1/4
3 1/ 2 - 4 3 X 2 1/ 2 X 1/4
4 1/2 3 1/ 2 X 3 X 1/4
Notes:
1) Welds on support angles must clear vessel seams by the spacing requirements provided in EP 7-1-1. If seam
is on horizontal centerline, lower angle supports to clear.
2) The insulation support bar shall not be used on vessels 6 ft. diameter or less.
3) 1/2 inch less than insulation thickness.
4) 1/2 inch bolt in 5/8 inch diameter hole with washer.
5) 1-1/4 inch support lugs welded to vessel. See Figure 2. Orient pins so rod can be threaded through hole.
6) 6 foot maximum bar length.

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Figure 9 – Expansion Joint Details

Insulation

Bands And Seals Are

Secured With Screws

Insulation
Support Ring

3 In. Thick Resilent

1-1/2 In. Fiber Blanket
Compressed To 1-1/2 In.

Metal Jacket

Figure 10 – Attachment of Insulation to Top of Vertical Vessels

Center Line
1/4 In. Diameter Carbon
Steel Continuous
Floating Ring

Stainless Band And Seals

Steel Bands

1 Ft. Max.
Insulation
Support Ring

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Figure 11 – Attachments of Insulation to Horizontal Vessel Heads and Bottom Head of Vertical
Vessels without Skirt

Insulation
Support Ring

Band And
Seals

1/4 In. Diameter Carbon

Steel Continuous
Floating Ring

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Figure 12 – Typical Heat Exchanger Details when Removable

6 In. To 12 In.
Removable
Approximately
Insulation
Per EP 11-3-5 4 In. Overlap

Conventional Permanent
Insulation On Shell

Lace Together W/Stainless Shell Cover

Steel Wire (Typical)
Removable Flange
Flange Drain
Insulation Cover
Tube As Per
As Per EP 11-3-5
EP 11-3-6
Conventional Pipe
Flange Drain Insulation
Tube As Per
EP 11-3-6
Notes:
1) See EP 11-3-6 for restrictions and details regarding the use of flange insulation.
2) (*) Identify each piece of insulation on outside surface by method approved by Owner’s engineer.
3) For removable insulation details, see EP 11-3-5.

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Figure 13 – Typical Heat Exchanger Details

Channel Cover
Insulation Support Insulation Support
Ring (See Detail "A") (See Detail "B")

Sufficient To
Allow Removal InsulationThickness
Of Bolts But Not Plus 1/8 In.
Less Than 6 In.

1/4 In. Dia. C Channel

Cover 1/4 In.
1/8 In. Thick Circular
Cover (Tack Welded
In Place Prior To
1/2 In. Less Than Shipping)
Thickness Of
Insulation Fillet Weld

Side View Section "A-A"

12 In. Max. Spacing

Minimum Of Four 1/4 In.
1-1/2 In. Minimum
Thick Support Clips
For Wrench A
Clearance
1/4 In. Thick
Ring

2 In.

A
Detail "A" Detail "B"
Shell Cover Insulation Supports Ring For Channel Cover Insulation

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Figure 14 – Stiffener Ring Insulation

Block Type Insulation

Only Placed Around
Stiffener Rings
(Typical For All)

Sheathing
Vessel Insulation

Beam Section Channel Section

T Section Plate

Figure 15 – Sheathing at Stiffeners

Sheathing

Lock Seam
See Detail A

Flat Sheet
Stiffener
Insulation Detail A - Locking Seam (Typ.)
Screw

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15.0 REVISION LOG

Action Date Rev. Approver Description

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