OXFORD Fie) 1) rayne Pesca Parr io rs | y i) Pret ead a es with Online PracticeSECOND EDITION s aA © “s as & Student OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESSCoC TC Welcome! pp.4-9 Grammar Speaking > Present perfect / simple past > Future forms Skillful living pp.10-20 Degrees of ability > Ask for repetition and clarification Skill focus: Ask for repetition and clarification | | art | Criminal offences Crime and criminals > Past perfect > Tag questions DO ee Ce cee) Money » Passive voice: present, Spending | past and future | > -ing form and base form On the money! pp.36-46 > Report a theft | Skill focus: Use sentence | stressto express meaning | > Participate in a job ferview Skill focus: Take turns effectively Technology nouns ‘Technology verbs > Third conditional > wish and should have to express regret pp.48-58 Drees Dre aa Media matters | > Advertising (1) > Reported speech: > Apologize and accept an apology | Skilt focus: Use intonation to express regret, > Express annoyance and { pp.62-72 Advertising (2) statements. disbelief i > Reported speech: Skill focus: Use functional , questions and commands | phrases to react to news Food for food > Count and noncount > Describe an experience thought |) Preparing food nouns Skill focus: Maintain a | conversation > Noncount nouns: collocations > Permission and ability: can, could, and be able to pp.74-84 Cees Da ED Exam practice pp.88-93 Projects el Unit 1 pp.w2-we Unit 2 pp.w9-wi5, two. pea 1-2 pp.94-97 Unit 3 pp.w16-w22ing Listening » Understand an interview about endangered languages | Skill focus: Recognize large pumbers and dates > Understand a short detective story Skill focus: Note down key words Pee at about bills Skill focus: Understand feelings from tone of voice > Understand a podcast about famous people in n | computing ‘Skill focus: Distinguish main ideas from supporting ideas Deen > Understand a talk about fake news || Skill focus: Identify linking words and relationships between ideas e > Understand a talk about culture shock Skill focus: Identify genre, audience and purpose ec ey Word list pp.98-100 Unit 4 pp.w23-w29 > Understand a conversation | > Understand an article > Understand a blog post about non-spoken languages Skill focus: Recognize the use of comment adverbs > Understand information about a literary genre ‘Skill focus: Understand the purpose of atext Pee ued about currencies Skill focus: Use text ‘organization to find information | > Understand an article about social media addi Skill focus: Identify the steps ina process Peete Le ne > Understand an article about satire and censorship Skill focus: Recognize topic sentences, > Understand an article about food festivals Skill focus: Decide on the importance of unknown words Pee Tc Cue Unit 5 Ui p.W30-W36 learning languages Skill focus: Generate ideas: make lst > Write a paragraph of a crime story Skill focus: Use language appropriate to text purpose Crane) about shopping habits Skill focus: Plan and organize ideas > Write a “for and inst” essay ‘Skill focus: Use paragraphs to organize your writing Ce en > Write a summary ‘Skill focus: Summarize Information from text > Write a social media post Skill focus: Decide on text type, audience and features era 6 pp.w37-w43 Understand the value of empathy PSUS Ce) Understand how to express yourself creatively Understand how spending habits affect well-being Understand social media Understand how to analyze and evaluate information objectively Understand the power of positive action amyfour » Goals and dreams Read and listen. Who is most similar to you, Noya, Tom, or Maria? Why is Maria tired? Hi, ‘faslanyorie $66h Maria? She's usually here bynow. Noya and Tom No. Filip That's strange. Anyway, have you had a good summer so far? Yes! "Ive learned how to play the bass guitar! How about you two? Noya That's cool! Yeah, I've been busy with my theater club. We've been working on a musical. ‘Tom Great! ‘| was in a musical last year, | loved it! Noya We're going to perform itat the Little Theater. Filip You're braver than me! | haven't acted since | was about seven and I'm not planning on doing it again! Really? | love it! We@reamed of being On Stage for as longlas lan Femember, And | dream of being a famous actor! We've been rehearsing almost every day since June, The first show's next week. Come Tom Noya and see it! Tom Id love to! Filip sit free? No. Tickets are $6.00 each. We've sold about 50 so far. $6.00! That's cheaper than a movie ticket! Well, I haven't been spending any money lately! I've been saving up for a new phone. | lost my old one at the end of last semester. How much have you saved? ‘About $130. Well, that's good. Yeah, I've been walking my neighbor's dog. Anyway, where's Maria? She's going to be late. She'll be here soon, I'm sure. She’s been training for a 5k race, so. Really? How long has she been doing that? Fot about six weeks, | think. Oh, look, here she ist Noya Tom Maria Hi, everyone! Phew! Sorry I'm late! 3 © Look Dream ofis a stative verb (like want, need, like, etc). We don’t usually use stative verbs in the progressive form. Listen again, Who is it? Write Filip, Noya, Tom, or Maria. 1 wants to buy something expensive. preparing for a sports event. is getting ready for a performance. ____can do something new. thas earned some money over the ‘summer vacation. ‘Complete the phrases with the words in the box. learn trainfor dreamof work on rehearse | save up for ____anew bicycle how to do something arace aplay a project appearing on TV (EERIE Ask and answer about your goals and dreams right now. ‘Are you saving up for anything right now? (ws Tim trying to save enough money ) \ for a bike. / No, not really. ) Ee sites & Check it out Find these words and phrases and check their meanings. bass guitar dreamed of rehearsing saving up for training for Phew!Simple past / present perfect / present perfect progressive 5 Match the flghlight@d sentences (1-5) in the text, with the rules (a-e) below. mn a Use the simple past to talk about finished actions in finished time periods. Present perfect Use the present perfect: to give news about recent events. __ to talk about finished actions in unfinished time periods. —__ with since, for, and How long ..?to talk about the duration of a situation which began in the past and continues in the present, —_ Present perfect progressive ‘@. Use the present perfect progressive to talk about an action or activity which began in the past and Continues in the present. _ 6 Look back at the text. Circle the verbs in the present perfect. Then underline the verbs in the present perfect progres 7 7 Choose the correct alternatives. Then find examples of for and since in the text. We use for / since + a period of time. We use for / since + a point in time, 8 Complete the diagram with the phrases in the box. ‘two months March 2004 three days the end of December Iwas very young half an hour sixo'clock along time Tuesday half my life 9 Choose the correct alternatives. 1 weciaciesdy have practiced the dance yesterday, but we didn’t practice / haven't practiced it today. Shall we do it now? Let's doit now. 2 a Guess what? I've finally learned / 've finally been learning how to walk on my hands! b Awesome! ’ve learned / ‘ve been learning how to doa handstand, but! still can’t doit. 3 Martin’s trained /’s been training for the tennis ‘championship for ages now. He’s trained /’s been training for events before, but he's never worked as hard as this. 10 Complete the dialogue with the simple past, present perfect, or present perfect progressive form of the verbs in parentheses. Sam Hi, we*___ 'm Sam Hi, I'm Meg. Are you new here? No.1”, family about a year ago. ‘Oh, OK. So, how do you spend your free time, Meg? I'm in a rock band with some friends. ‘Awesome! What do you do? I play the guitar. But | * writing songs, too. 4 (almost / finish) a new one. Ie (take) me ages. ‘How long * (you / work on) it? About three months! Oh, really? (never / learn) how to play a musical instrument. In fact, I prefer sports. I* (do) tae kwon do since I was about 5 " In large groups, ask questions and write names. Ask follow-up questions to find out more information. Use present perfect questions to ask about experiences and duration. Use the simple past when asking about the details of past events. (not / meet) before. Fey ey Meg Sam Meg (move) here with my Sam Meg Sam Meg (start) Sam Meg Sam has been saving up for something for a long time. has had some good news. has dreamed of being famous. has never learned how to play a musical instrument, has been rehearsing or practicing somet has been training for something. ¥ Challenge Write some sentences about one of the people you spoke to in exercise 11.MCT Sy Obligation and advice Read and listen. Which is the biggest problem? Jade —_'mfed up with my bedroom. t's so messy! Kendis You ought to clean it. Jade Yeah, | guess so. But | hate the color of the walls, too. They're so boring! Kendis You should decorate it'll help you. | love painting! Jade Really? OK, I'll ask Mom and Dad. I'm sure they'll say yes. 2 Omar Oh, no! I've torn my homework page! I'll have to ‘ask Mr. Walker for another one. Elsa If were you, I'd tape it together again. It'll be fine. Anyway, what is your homework? I need to write an article about life in the 1960s. ‘And we aren't allowed to use the Internet! Elsa Why not? Omar We have to interview people we know. Elsa You should talk to my grandma. She has a lot of stories about when she was younger. Omar ‘Max Oh! This button just came off my shirt. Luke Well, you'd better sew it on again! Max Um... OK. How do I do that? Luke You don't know how to sew a button on? Max Um,no. Luke Well, you should learn! I'll show you! Fabio Oh, my gosh! Look at all that smoke coming out of that house. Anita That looks bad. 'l call 911 Fabio | think | should go into the house. There might bbe someone in there! Anita No! You mustn't go in there. We have to stay calm and wait for the firefighters. 5 Neelam Oh, no! My bike has a flat tire! Shira Ill help you. 'm good at fixing flat tires. Where's your repair kit? Neelam. It’s OK. We don’t have to fix itright now. | can take the bus to school. 3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the 4 GEEREDD Talk about whether the sentences in isten again, Decide if the sentences are true (' or false (F). 11 Jade thinks she is allowed to paint her room, _ 2. Elsa thinks Omar needs to get a new homework page. __ 3 Omar can't use the Internet to research life in the 1960s. _ 4 Luke is going to repair Max's shirt. _ 5 Anita doesn't want Fabio to go into the house. _ 6 Neelam needs to ride her bike to school today. _ Problems and solutions ‘words in the box. call decorate fed up with fix messy sew tape clean tear 4 |______ my bedroom this morning. Look how neat itist 2 Ve just. 911. They'll be here soon! 3 I'venever a button on, 4 Have you ever broken something and it together again? 5 My bedroom is very , but 'm too tired to clean it now. 6 I've been helping my cousins their new house. 7 Uknow how to aflat tire. 8 I'venever an expensive piece of clothiny orm this rainy weather. Bare true for you. ‘Number 1 isn’t true for me. | didn't clean my bedroom this morni Me neither. / Oh, I did! & Check it out Find these words and phrases and check their meani torn tape it together fed up with sewiton flattire repair kit5 Complete the sentences with words from irre ‘to my grandma, it it together iton again! Match the sentence halves to complete the rules. 4 We use should and ought to re ( 2 We use If! were you, I'd... and You'd better: 2 to give advice based on our opinion and also to give ' general advice. 'b to give advice based on our personal opinion about a particular situation. 7 Choose the correct alternatives. There may be more than one. = 1a Ifeel sick. | think I'll watch TV. = b You ought to / If | were you, I'd go to bed. 2 People shouldn't / ‘d better not put their own lives in anger to help other people. 3. I don't understand this homework. b You should / ‘d better ask Mrs. da Silva to explain it to you before you go home. pe 4 Do you think parents ought to / ‘d better teach their children to cook? w 8 QED Take turns to choose a problem from the list and give advice. ~—7 1e | broke my favorite cup. dito A button has come off my coat. My handwriting is very messy. ew I've just seen a car accident. 9 Complete the sentences from the dialogues. fees we thelntemet You: inthere ee people we now. Cee SMU ec Senet You" lear! We? calmana wait or the firefighters. Pee Wet it right now. ‘2A Study strategy . = ‘Make grammar personal ry ‘When you learn anew grammar structure, use it to write Jit} sentences that are true for you. It’s easier toremember IE] ‘things that are connected to your life. a 10 Read the Study strategy. Then write five sentences about your school and home life using the grammar in exercise 9. 11 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use the words in parentheses. 1 It isn’t necessary to call 911. (have) You call 11 2 I think you should fix it. (a) were you, it. 3. You can ask for help. (allowed) You for help. 4 You should clean up the kitchen. (better) You the kitchen. 5 We aren't allowed to paint the walls. (can't) We the walls. 12 Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the words in the box. allow / use be / you, /1/ ask ought / ask hhave /leave_must / wear not have / buy 1 Lily Filip, are you * — your phone at night? Filip Yes. Why? Aren't you? Lily No12___itonthe bookshelf after eight thirty Filip You’. your parents if they could change the rule alittle. Blake I'm fed up with all my clothes, but I can't afford, to buy anything new. Pippa You‘____newclothes. . Secondhand clothes are cool! ee 3 Bee Myra Oh, no! The sign says, “All swimmers with long | hair? swim caps,” but | don't have one. i Ryan Your hair isn't very long. If ‘ ‘the receptionist if you can swim without one. 4 Challenge Imagine you are on vacation. Write a message to a friend using the simple past and present perfect.A\BRIEF HISTORY OF EVERYDAY OBJECTS Flip-flops were first worn by the ancient Egyptians ‘round 6,000 years ago. A similar kind of footwear, called 26ri, was worn in Japan about 500 years ago. ‘After World War Il, cheap rubber flip-flops were made in Japan and sold in the U.S,, where they became popular. were invented in 1873. Denim, the strong ation fabric they're made from, came from a French city called Nimes (de Nimes = from Nimes), and the pants were worn by sailors from Genoa (Génes in French). How many pairs are sold today? About three every second! ___ is used to fasten clothes and shoes. Its design was inspired by the way the seeds of some plants stick to animals’ fur. Inventor George de Mestral noticed this when he was walking in the country with his dog in the 1940s. us is made from sugar, starch, food ‘coloring, flavoring, and gelatin. Most gelatin is made from animal skin and bones. Correct the false sentences. 1 Zori come from Egypt. —— 2 Every minute, about one pair of jeans is sold. Gummy and Contact lenses = = & ___were first used centuries ago, but they were first mass-produced in Germany in the 17" century. Originally, the wooden part wasn't painted. In | the 19 century, however, Chinese graphite became known as the best in the world, so most of these simple writing devices were painted yellow~a color associated with royalty in China. ‘as we know them today were developed in the 20" century. Incredibly, however, the first pair were made and worn in 1888. They were wide and heavy and covered the whole eyeball, so people could only wear them for a few hours! is used to hide a whole range of ibad smells! in ancient times, herbs, flowers, and fruits were used, but these days most products are chemical The famous Little Tree brand was designed by a Canadian chemist named Julius Sémann in 1952. I's popular among car owners around the world and has been featured in several movies. Ideas and objects 3 Choose the correct alternatives. 1m named / designed after someone in my family 2 If get an idea for a short story, | usualy find it easy to develop / inspire. q Id lke to invent / design clothes when I'm older. fe 3 4 There are one or two famous people who really 3. George de Mestral copied an idea from nature. invent / inspire me 5 Lonly enjoy books and movies which are based / 4. Most gummy candy isn’t appropriate for vegetarians copied on te stores, 6 | don't lke eating food which is produced / ‘mass-produced. ft 7 think it would be easy for me to invent / base a new 5. Yellow has been a popular color for painting graphite Sieceane pencils for several centuries. 4 GEED Tell your partner if the sentences in exercise 3 are true or false for you. 6 The first contact lenses weren't very Sentence 1 is true. 'm named after my comfortable. srandmother—her name is Rosa lke mine. 7 JuliusSémann created a product which is well known as an air freshener for the home. eight 'm not named after anyone. | don't know why my parents chose the name Hector!5 Match the sentence halves to complete the rules. 41 To form the simple present passive, a we use am / is / are / was / were + subject 2 To form the simple past passive, + past participle. 3 To form the interrogative, b we use by. 4 To say who does / did the action (the agent), © we use subject + am / is / are + past participle. FICE nN 4d weuse subject + was / were + past participle. '6 Complete the text with the words in the box. are sold wassold made invented is isloved is produced weren't added was was made was called was developed was put were used is still made Tomato'ketchup by people around the People made their own ketchup at home, until the first ‘world. More than 650 million batties of Heinz Tomato mass producad ketchup ™ bythe Hu. Ketchup @ every year. So when and Heinz Company in 1876, At first, he product where this populer sauce w inglass battles, but in eandhow i the 1980s, plastic botties ® . 2 for the first time, Inthe 17" century, British sailors in China tasted a The ketchup we eat today dark brown sauce which they liked. It “___in factories, of fish and it® ke-tsiap. Backinthe UK, butit'®@____from ‘they used mushrooms, nuts, beans, and fish to make a fresh tomatoes, along with ‘sauce which they called “ketchup.” The sauce ‘onions, vinegar, salt, into soups and other dishes. Fresh eee tomatoes to ketchup until the 1700s. 7 Look back at the article in exercise 1. Find more examples of simple present passive verbs, Then underline more examples of the simple past passive. 8 Complete the second sentence in the passive. Only use by + agent if necessary. Dov Moran invented the USB flash drive in 1999. The USB flash drive was invented by Dov Moran in 1999. 1 People eat different kinds of noodles in different parts of China. Different kinds of noodles 2. Antoni Gaudi designed the Sagrada Familia church in Barcelona, The Sagrada Familia church in Barcelona 3. Companies sell millions of cell phones every day. Millions of cell phones 4 Did someone make this hat in a factory? ina factory? $ Challenge 9 Write questions with the correct form of the words. Who / flip-flops / first wear? i ip-flops first worn by? 11 When / jeans / invent? 2 Which city / jeans / name after? 3. What / gelatin / make / from? 4 Where / graphite pencils / first / mass-produce? 5 When / first pair of contact lenses / make? 6 Who / the Little Tree air freshener / d 10 GERD Ask and answer the questions in exercise 9. 5 sa Benue ?5 life skills talk about life skills ask for repetition and clarification generate ideas for writing understand the value of ‘empathy See _—____a speech you're wrong or give a presentation your ideas things that are broken care of ‘emotions and be sympathetic and opinions other people correctly a foreign language or use sign language Skills and abilities 1 Match the words in the box with the 3 QED Do you agree with the list? Which are the most pictures. Then listen, check, and repeat. important / least important skills in your opinion? Are there any other skills you would add? Share your ideas with a partner. make cook read do recognize ask remember (A think fist aids the most ) take follow express. spell (important kit, @ look fix. speak tell apologize Vv = (Why's that? = sympathetic = kind 2 Which of the things in the pictures have you Guin) Becarewealineed iknow) Ri aaates done in the last six months? \ ow to save someone's fe, 7 | when they feel bad) 10 © Workbook p.w2 tenCAPT OE TS) Degrees of ability © Complete the chart with the skills and abilities from ‘exercise 1. Some of them can fit in more than one ‘ WM rts etree eae eers eer ce ye decide rt bdo ay Spin Bho te the eer to boy ekg, oF) rink, "I make cocles instead"? Having a posite atte, am/hg THEI bis gare, and being ebe to tink quis ar all portent cuales that will bolb you wien tings orig earn et Decilonmaking Wo al mako small decisions every day, he * or i have paz or une ut in the wort of Work yl need tobe able 10 MORE BERET Ges wih Senflnoo, Pract declslormlén tte NE HIN Sioutthe pre en cone of colons you mek ant Ebet tho. eset hey wil nas Creativity Creativity int ust about making things. It's also a way of Giana k cette Dearest none! ti Gee ‘AREER Don't ust trier of one bec ee eicceem tear fv. tn or ec are Activities like this develop your creativity by making you look BPE ei apd io new Kens. An he Word Wl aes e 1 Date pootle~n science, technology savant erase sel oan oe ae ‘Which of these skills do you already have? Which do you need to develop? 3 GERAD Discuss the two questions at the end of the article. 4. Match the hilglighiéd sentences in the article with the rules. a anintention ___ b a future fact or prediction __ ¢ an offer, promise, or spontaneous decision _ d aprediction based on evidence __ © an arrangement __ Choose the correct alternatives. 1. We 're having / ll have a party on the 24%. 2 I think it will be / is being faster if we take the bus. 3. Look! He ‘ll fall /'s going to fall off his bike! 4 “Hi, Greg. Are you doing / Will you do anything this. weekend?” “Yes, I'll see /’m seeing Jackie.” “I'm hopeless at math. I’m not going to pass / not passing this test!’ “I'm helping / Il help you study.” Complete the sentences with the correct future form of the verbs in parentheses. 1 “Someone's at the door.” f (60) We (meet) at 2:30 p.m. tomorrow. “What you graduate from school?” Experts say that humans (live) longer in the future. ___ (she / take) her driving test soon? Look at those clouds. It. (rain). | promise | (notte) anyone what vou sad EME Ask and answer the aue much information as possible. Are you + doing anything with your friends tonight? + doing anything special this weekend? Are you going to .. * travel when you graduate frm schoo? * go to college? + getup early tomorrow? Are you doing anything with your friends tonight? 4 Challenge ‘Write about your ideal future. What will it be like? How will it be similar or different than the present? ‘What kind of job will you have? (you / do) when ns. Give as © Workbook p.w4PRS Tg Ba How much do you know about native languages in the US. Can you name any Native American people? © skill E Recognize large numbers and dates Before you listen for numerical information in a text, read itand decide what type of information i missing. Think about what large numbers and dates might sound like. Try to guess the answers. Read the Skill focus. Then read the article and ‘complete it with the dates and numbers in the box. ‘Think about what the dates and numbers sound Then listen and check your answers. 1492 30, 000 17,000 300 10 million 5,000 f English isthe first language for the majority of people in the US, but that hasn't always been the case. Before the ‘arrival of Europeans 500 years ago, North America was a place of extraordinary cultural diversity with more than 7 ___ different languages spoken, ‘As the Europeans colonized the continent, they Suppressed the culture and languages of the native ‘people. It has been estimated that between * ‘and 1900, the population fell from around» to fewer than 300,000 people. Today, about half ofthe original Native American languages have disappeared. Of those stil in use, more than half are spoken by fewer than * people, There are a few exceptions. The Navajo language, for ‘example, is stil the first language for almost * people. About * people in the US. speak Sioux, and around people speak Hopi Today, there are numerous programs for the preservation of Native American languages. 0 3 Answer the questions. 4 What happened between 1492 and 1900? 2. Why did over half of the native languages disappear? 3. Which Native American languages are still common? One C Rin cairn uc curcut eur 4 Listen to an interview with Tyra Nampeyo, a linguist, about endangered languages. Decide if the sentences are true (7) or false (F). Correct the false sentences in your notebook. 1 Tyra's first language is Navajo, _ 2. Mandarin Chinese has the most first language speakers in the world, __ 3. The Internet and the world economy have made English the number one global language. _ 4. The main cause of the disappearance of languages today is colonization. __ 5 Tara believes it's important to save endangered, languages because they are a means of, communicating. __ 6 Tyrais working on a project to help keep some languages alive. _ PT FITTTN) 5 Read the sentences and decide what type of information is missing. Then remember or guess the answers. Listen again and check. 1 There are about different languages in the world today. 2 ____ languages are spoken by People in the world. 3 is the second most common first language in the world, 4 Only in 5 There are 190 endangered languages in__, according to UNESCO. Bae 6 GEER Read the question below. Then put the arguments into two groups: Yes or No. Can you add more? ‘Are dying languages worth saving? 1 A language is only useful ifit is a means of communication. 2 People lose their cultural identity without their language. 3. We lose a part of human history with the loss of a language. 4. Saving languages is expensive, and we should use the ‘money for more useful projects ofthe of all today’s languages will still exist, @ Digital citizenship Create a map of languages from your country, with each language area accompanied by 1) a word in the language, 2) its translation in your language, and 3) its English translation. 3 3 3 © Workbook pw5 1 31 GEE Look at the pictures. What can you see? What do you know about when, where, and how these forms of communication are used? © Skill focus” Recognize the use of comment adverbs Writers often use comment adverbs near the beginning of a sentence or clause to indicate how they feel about the information or opinion they are about to give. + Fortunately = they feel pleased or happy about the information. + Unfortunately, / Sadly, = they fel sad about it + Surprisingly, / Amazingly / Interestingly, / Remarkably = they tink the information is interesting + Personally | think, = they are emphasizing that an opinion is their own, + Naturally, / Unsurprisingly, = they are aware that the reader may already know what they are going to say. Recognizing comment adverbs helps you understand the writers attitude toward what they are writing about. 2 GID Read the Skil focus. Then read and listen to the blog post. Use the comment adverbs to help you understand Leon’s attitude and opinions about the information he shares. Choose the correct alternatives. 1 Leon thinks readers will / won't be surprised by the topic of his blog post. M2 Heis surprised / pleased that some people still : read and write Latin. 3 Heis / isn’t surprised that some people think coding is the most useful language for the futur. 4 Most people believe / He believes that it’s a bad idea to let high school students study coding instead of a foreign language. 5, He wouldn't be surprised if semaphore was / would like semaphore to be used more today. 3 Read the blog post again and answer the questions. 1 Whyis Latin “dead” but not “extin 2 In.which careers might a knowledge of Latin be useful? 3. In Leon's view, why should high school students : learn a foreign language? : 4 What do semaphore flag positions indicate? j 5 Where are two forms of semaphore (no flags) ; regularly used today? 4 GREEIEDD which of the nine (three non-spoken and six spoken) languages in the blog post do you know / would you like to learn? Why? eighteen ‘ VC SUC EW tae ue culo tet Leon the Linguist Hi, 'm Leon ~ and i'm fascinated by language! 10" July, My latest interest - non-spoken languages ‘We often talk about “speaking other languages.” But what about languages that are never spoken? Naturally this is of great interest to me, so Ive been doing some research Latin Used by the Romans about 2,000 years ago, Latin is sometimes called a dead language because it's no longer the first language of any community, Fortunately, however, it isnt extinct ‘Some people still read and write it, and many Latin words and phrases are used in science, music, law, and medicine, Also, Latin evolved into Romanian, French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese = the five "Romance" languages, and English contains many words with Latin roots. Coding Thisis a pretty universal unspoken language, and one which, amazingly, some people seem to thinks the most useful language forthe future. I enjoyed coding at school, but never thought of it as a language like French or English. Recently, though, | heard that in Florida they were considering letting high school students study coding instead of a foreign language. Personally, | think this isa bad idea. Coding is about telling computers what todo. It doesrit help you exchange ideas, thoughts, and feelings with people. Can you figure it out? Cave = Beware canem = of the Semaphore What do you do when you need to communicate with someone in the far distance (at sea, for example) and you hhave no phone signal? Well if you have the right set of fags, you can spell out a message by semaphore - assuming you know how to show each letter and number, that i! in fact, semaphore refers to any communication system hates PF Con simple visual signals including sticks, ir, and a 3 (traffic lights, for example). Semaphore has been used for thousands of years, but sadly it isn't used much today. Look out for it at the io i though, a trafic controllers use aversion of it on the runway before take-off and after landing. Culture focus ‘The most studied foreign language in U.S. schools is Spanish, followed by French, and then German, Latin is also studied in many schools. ® Link to life How does learning / knowing more than one language help people to be better global citizens?etaishy Prue ee ecu ao ec card PUT ‘Maria Gonsalves wrote an article in response to this ‘advertisement in an international English-language magazine. Read Maria's article and put paragraphs ACD in the correct order, 1-4. Pe CR EU Learning languages ‘What languages do you know? How long have you used them? ‘What have you found hard when learning a new Janguage? Give examples. ‘What has been the best thing for you about earning a new language? ‘Do you think everyone will speak more than one Janguage in the future? Why? Tell us what you think! language learning Experience Moria Gonsalves ‘A___ The best part about learning English and ‘Spanish for me is that now I can understand many of the “Smerican television programs and movies that we seein Braz and I don't need subtiies anymore! 8 _1am Brazilian. I stared to become interested Teaming another language when I was in elementary ‘School. I noticed that many television programs and ‘movies were in other languages and not Portuguese. 1 sssked my parents iI could study English at a language school. ___I think more people will speak a second, third, ‘oreven fourth language in the future as technology will sake language learning easier ‘D___Now I speak three languages: Portuguese, ‘English, and Spanish. I learned Portuguese from my. ‘parents and family, so I've used that language since I fas smal. Istarted studying English five years ago. I've Snudied Spanish fortwo years. English was hard forme | at first, I couldn't understand the spelling system at all! Spanish was much easier for me to learn because itis . ‘very similar to Portuguese. 2 Read Maria's article again. Check (/) the ideas which Maria includes in her text. 1 C1 thad to study English at school. 2 [1 Lused to find English spelling confusing. 3 C1 tknow a bit of Italian, but I can't speak it 4 1 Spanish is similar to Portuguese. 5 L tt's good to be able to speak with people from different cultures. 6 C1 I can watch American programs without needing subtitles. 7 C1 Technology will change the way we learn languages in the future. 8 CL] There will be fewer languages in the future. © Skill focus Generate ideas: make a list Before writing an article, you need to think about the ideas you want to include in it. One way to generate ideas is to make a list Languages | speak: Spanish (fest language), English, German (a litle) “Another way is to make a chart (Besa) eae f tearing (Yet }> prepstione us en) vain pronunciation Read the Skill focus. Then think about your language learning experience and generate ideas for your own article in response to the advertisement in exercise 1. Languages | know How long I've used or studied them ‘6 ood enngs about 9 Fea ne atone 9 Prediction(s) for the future of language learning Write your own article in response to the advertisement in exercise 1. Use Maria's article as a model, and use your notes to write your own article. Write about 150-175 words. $ Challenge Exchange articles with another student. Which ideas similar or different from yours? Tit EITCT) EL CUTER Understand the value of empathy (GERD How can we take care of our physical health? How can we take care of our mental health? How can we take care of our social health? Read and listen to an article about empathy. Then match subheadings (A-D) with paragraphs 1-4. A Empathy in different social situations B What is empathy? C Empathy and social health D Learning empathy Read the article again. What's the significance of these words and phrases in the text? shelter the University of Zurich eye contact work 4 ——Sxxial health is 2t the heart of our emotional well-being. Once aur basic physical needs of food, water, warmth, and shelter are met, we all need to feel that we belong fo someone or a group (family and friends), and that we are loved - or at least liked! And in order to build and maintain strong relationships, we need empathy, _—— Empathy means understanding ather people's, feelings, respecting their needs, and being able to. see things from their point of view. When we put ourselves in other people's shoes, we improve our connections and communication. in fact, empathy is one of the most fundamental human qualities, and an essential life skill GEEED Discuss the questions. 1. Ona scale of 1 to 5, how easy is it for you to consider other people's points of view? (1 = not at all, 5 = extremely) Think about the people and groups below: + Your friends____ Why? + Your family_ Why? ‘+ Teams, clubs, or other groups and communities you belong to__ Why? + People you don’t know _ Why? 2 Which of the techniques in paragraph 3 do you practice most / least? 3 Do you agree that empathy is your superpower? Why? / Why not? 4 Have you ever thought about your social health before? How good do you think your social health is? (1_= not so good, 5 = extremely good) __ Why? What could you do to improve it? 3 ——_The good news is that, according to a study from the University of Zurich, empathy can be improved with practice. Here are some techniques you can develap: + Active listening: Listening carefully when people speak, and paying attention not just to their words but to what they're really trying to express. + Positive body language: Smiling, nodding, and making the right amount of eye cantact. + Validating feelings: Telling and showing people that you understand how they feel + Accepting feedback: Being open to hearing from others about the impact of aur actions and behaviors, ___Empathy improves the quality of our one-to-one friendships and relationships. It also helps us when we are part of a team, both in sports and at work, and in our communities. I's your superpower - so use it well! shelter maintain nodding put yourself in someone else’s shoesAe gy Language practice ra ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form 2 Complete the sentences. — w: emmeres nthe box, I'm sorry, I'm afraid | didn’t catch that. Can you say Fy { do express read remember take it again? = 1 Sorry, what did you ? | didn't hear you. g Em OK at remembering names. 2 What do you “on the green”? I don't E 4 Who's going to care of the cat while understand. we ‘we're on vacation? 3 Hello? Hello? You're up! Can you hear me? 2 Fm pretty good at_a map. 4 What. that? | didn’t hear you. 3 He finds it hard to his opinions clearly. 5 Could you (eae nese ou very well Fmgood at__things that are broken, B Weneed someone who can fora, = CD cS Grammar practice ‘Complete the sentences with the present perfect 4 Complete each mini dialogue with the verbs in the box ‘or simple past form of the verbs in parentheses. and the correct future form (will, going to, or present. Yesterday, Dan told (tell) me about his new cat. cone 1 (ee a fasciating documentary about chimpanzees last night. 21 (never / want to fly Al'_______Altonight. Should we go together? 3 Wyou / read) that article «BOP Ncan’t.12_The Horror with Joe at six. about dolphins yet? : A Really? You?____it! You hate scary movies. 4 My father (ride) horses feel get be when he was a child. A I don't feel wel. think I* sick. 5 Sandra (work) at the ei a : te uri for abouctveariears B Oh,no.1*____ you some water. Just relax. 'm sure you better soon 6 We (buy) Christmas W presents for our family in October last year. > Wiseman dou tothenoninonsngnunt? win BFS OG SB > Which lesson did you find the most challenging? Why? = > Which lesson in this unit did you enjoy the most? Why? } } | talk about skills and abilities. (p10-11) e tse the present perfect and simple past to talk about the past. (p.13) "ask for repetition and clarification. (p:14-15) oi w ere oe ee | use future forms (p.16) understand an interview about endangered languages. (p.17) understand a blog post about non-spoken languages. (p.18) ‘write an article about learning languages. (p:19) OOOO00D0O au0-Aquama OOO00O00O Oo 0 Oo 0 oO e © Workbook pp.w2-w8 21In this unit, we will > talk about crime > report a theft > write a paragraph of 2 crime story > understand how to express ourselves creatively Criminal offences 11 Do you enjoy watching crime movies and TV dramas? Why? / Why not? | 2 GD match the words in the box above. Then listen, check, and repeat. the pictures vandalism theft robbery burglary mugging murder” drug dealing pickpocketing shoplifting terrorism kidnapping cybercrime / hacking 3 GEERT Ask and answer the questions about the crimes in exercise 2. 1. Which of the crimes do you think are the most serious? problem where you think will increase in 2 Are any of these crime: 3. Which of the crimes do you the future?Key language (Crime and criminals ‘Complete the chart with the words in ‘the box. Then listen and check. ferorist rob thief kidnap burglar sendalize murderer kidnapper pickpocket Shoplift_mug drugdealer hack steal ime criminal ‘commit a crime 4 Socal andl | ane burgle egg | ruse 7 |, farce / ki murder ‘pickpocketing | ° pickpocket Sopkiing —_[stoniner |= See _— of terrorism Kidnapping J» ‘eybercrime / racking © Look 4a person ora place robbed 0 bank. + athing ‘stole a lot of money from the bank, cberciiminal/ |, racker | 5 Complete the news headlines with the correct form of the words in parentheses. 4 Alocal gang (vandal) stores and street signs last weekend. 2 Ateenage (hack) has broken into a top-secret government website. 3 There has been an increase in (pickpocket) downtown this year. 4 ____(shopit) is the most common crime among youth under 16. 6 GED Think about a fictional crime you have read about in a book or seen on TV. Make notes about: + where it happened / when / who to + what the criminal did / ifthey were caught Then talk about the crimes in pairs. Sete a Til Fe) 1 Look at the picture of Sophie. Who is she dressed as? What's she doing? Bae 2 Watch or listen. Match the sentences halves. 1. Wednesday Addams 2 Velma —_ 3 Sherlock Holmes a is ina modern TV series and in books from 150 years ago. b solves crimes with a group of friends in a TV series. ¢ was first seen in a comic strip 80 years ago. 3 Watch or listen again. Are the sentences true (D or false (A? 11 Sophie knew about Wednesday Addams before she saw. Jenna Ortega play her in the TV series Wednesday. 2. Kat didn't like Scooby Doo when she was younger. 3 Ryan enjoyed Sherlock Holmes stories about pickpocketing. 4. The character of Sherlock Holmes has changed a lot. —— noe 4 GERI Ask and answer the questions. 1. Have you seen any of the movies or TV shows mentioned in the vlog? Did you enjoy them? Why? / Why not? 2 Which detective movies or TV shows are popular in your country? Who are the main characters? 3. Why do you think these shows are popular? @ Real English ‘Check the meaning of these words and phrases. How about now? just for fun That's even better! © Workbook p.w9 23‘twenty-four Reading and Grammar 1 Do you watch courtroom TV shows and movies? Do you think they are realistic? Why? / Why not? 2 Look at the picture and read the first two paragraphs of the article. Then choose the best title for the artic © Crime and punishment © Justice in young hands © Thinking of a career in the legal system? ‘vat is 16. She was caught riding onthe New York subway when she hadn't bought a ticket. Beni* is 15. He was arrested for fighting the ‘street with some boys who had insulted him. When Sam* and Alex*, aged 14, walked out of a store with some candy in their pockets, the question was had they paid for them? Unfortunately not. All four teenagers are on tral today, Benji steps inside the courtroom with his representative to face the judge and jury. It seems like a normal day in the legal system ~ but there's a big. difference. Nobody involved in the rial is over the age of 18. For years, New York State has been running a system of youth courts, The judge and jury are teenagers aged 14 to 18. They have to study for 30 hours and pass an exam, and they are paid around $100 a month for, their participation. The youth courts were started in 1998 because the youth crime rate in New York had become a big problem. These courts aim to keep minor youth crimes, lke shoplifting and vandalism, out of the adult legal system and prison. Their main goal, however, is to use positive peer pressure to make sure offenders understand what they have done and how they have hurt the community. The aim is not to judge or punish the young people on tral, but to listen to their story and prevent them from offending again, The “sentences” decided by the judge and jury are called “sanctions.” These could be community service, letters of apology, essay-writing, ‘or lessons about social behavior. The system is so successful that some schools use the youth courts to discipline their students instead of excluding them from school Xr Check it out “Names and details have been changed to protect the privacy, Find these words and phrases and check their meanings, of individuals. arrested insulted trial judge jury peer pressure offenders community service exclude from school w Read and listen to the article. Decide if the sentences are true (7) or false (F). Underline the evidence in the text for your answers. 1 The judge at Ava's trial is in his twenties. _ The system of youth courts in New York State isn’t new. _ You can be a member of the jury at a New York youth court if you're 13._ ‘The judge and jury at a New York youth court don't receive any money. _ ‘The main reason that there are youth courts in New York State is that there are too many offenders in the legal system and prison. _ 6 Young people on trial at a youth court aren't treated unkindly, _ 7 The judge chooses sentences for offenders. __ 8 Some teenagers go to youth court because of their behavior at school, _ Discuss. Do you think youth courts are a good idea? Why? / Why not? Would you like to work in one? Why? / Why not? 2 3) 4 5 angs. Look at the highlighted sentence in the text. Which action happened first? 2 Benji was arrested for fighting in the street with some boys ® (the boys) had insulted him Underline other examples of had + past participle in the text. Then complete the chart. + Affirmative §/ You / He / She / It / We / They Broken the law. £7 You / He / She /It/We / They * broken the law. Pinterrogative ____|/you/ he / she / it / we / they broken the law? Yes,1/ you / he / she / it / we / they had. No.1/ you / he / she /it / we / they hadn't ‘Complete the rule. ‘We use the past perfect to talk about things that happened before / after other past events. We often use it with the ‘and linkers like before, after, because, when, by the time. ‘Complete the sentences with the past perfect form of tthe verbs and the words in parentheses. steal hear leave not see 4 The detective interviewed us, but we _ anything suspicious. 2 When | got home, | realized that someone my wallet! 3 The bus (already) by the time Larrived at the station’ 4 (you) about the crime before you read about it? Choose the correct alternatives. Choose one verb in the simple past and one in the past perfect in each sentence. 4 The library had closed / closed by the time Ihad arrived / arrived. 2 Nathaniel hadn't been / wasn't hungry because he had already eaten / already ate. 3. My mom had picked / picked me up after | missed / hhad missed the bus. 4 Had you read / Did you read the book before you saw / had seen the movie version? Read the article quickly and answer the questions. 1. Who was protesting? 2 What were they protesting about? 3 How long did the protest last? led for Protesting (On September 5*, 1981, 36 women, four men and afew children (arrive) ata military base in England. They (leave) Wales in ‘August and walked 120 miles ina protest march against ‘American nuclear weapons being kept in the U.K. They established a peace camp, where they lived and expressed their resistance to the nuclear weapons, mostly through peaceful methods lke singing and dancing, although some of the women ‘ (chain) themselves to the fence of the base, just as in 1908, suffragettes in London +__"__(chain) themselves to railings in their fight for womens right to vote. In March 1982, six months after the frst protestors. 2 {arrive}, more women * (join) the protest and blocked the entrances and exits at the base. By December 1982, the number of women. 7___(grow) even further, and 30,000 women Joined hands in a nine-mile circle around the base. ‘The weapons were moved away from Greenham Common in 1991, but the camp continued in protest against other nuclear weapons. It finally closed in 2000. Hundreds of women were arrested during the 19-year protest, and many*___(spend) time in prison. Should they have gone to prison for trying to ‘make a better world? What do you think? Read again and complete the article with the simple past or past perfect form of the verbs in parentheses. Then listen and check. GREED Discuss. 1 What other examples of peaceful protest do you know about, either from history or more recent times? Was anyone arrested? If so, why? 2 Should protesters be treated as criminals? 2ay-AguoMmy © Workbook p.wi0 25