TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND

DOMAIN 3: PEDAGOGY
LEARNING 1
3.1 APPLY RELEVANT TECHNOLOGY TOOLS
FOR CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES.
ICT Competency Standards (CHED-UNESCO)
3.2 USE ICT KNOWLEDGE TO SOLVE COMPLEX
as provided in the 2017, Policy Standards and
PROBLEMS AND SUPPORT STUDENT
Guidelines (PSG) for Pre-service Teacher
COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITIES.
Education
3.2 MODEL COLLABORATIVE KNOWLEDGE
The program outcomes for teacher education
CONSTRUCTION IN FACE TO FACE AND
degrees clearly state that every future
VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS
teacher: “demonstrate proficiency in the
development and utilization of Information,
DOMAIN 4: Technology Tools
Communication and Technology (ICT)
4.1 DEMONSTRATE COMPETENCE IN THE
resources in promoting quality teaching-
TECHNICAL OPERATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY
learning process.”
TOOLS AND SYSTEMS AS THEY APPLY TO
TEACHING AND LEARNING.
ICT Competency Standards seven domains.
4.2 USE TECHNOLOGY TOOLS TO CREATE NEW
DOMAIN 1: UNDERSTANDING ICT IN
LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES TO SUPPORT
EDUCATION
COMMUNITY OF LEARNERS.
1.1 DEMONSTRATING AWARENESS OF THE
POLICIES AFFECTING ICT IN EDUCATION.
4.3 DEMONSTRATE PROFICIENCY IN THE USE
OF TECHNOLOGY TOOLS TO SUPPORT
1.2 COMPLY WITH ICT POLICIES AS THEY
TEACHING AND LEARNING
AFFECT TEACHING LEARNING.
DOMAIN 5: Organization and Administration
1.3CONTEXTUALIZE ICT POLICIES TO THE
5.1 MANAGE TECHNOLOGY-ASSISTED
LEARNING ENVIRONMENT.
INSTRUCTION IN AN INCLUSIVE CLASSROOM
ENVIRONMENT
DOMAIN 2: Curriculum and Assessment
2.1 DEMONSTRATE UNDERSTANDING OF
5.2 EXHIBIT LEADERSHIP IN SHARED
CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES AND THEORIES OF ICT
DECISION-MAKING USING TECHNOLOGY
SYSTEMS AS THEY APPLY TO TEACHING-
TOOLS
LEARNING.
DOMAIN 6: Teacher Professional Learning
2.2 EVALUATE DIGITAL AND NON-DIGITAL
6.1EXPLORE EXISTING AND EMERGING
LEARNING RESOURCES IN RESPONSE TO
TECHNOLOGY TO ACQUIRE ADDITIONAL
STUDENT'S DIVERSE NEEDS.
CONTENT AND PEDAGOGICAL KNOWLEDGE .

2.3 DEVELOP DIGITAL LEARNING RESOURCES

6.2 UTILIZE TECHNOLOGY TOOLS IN CREATING
TO ENHANCE TEACHING LEARNING.
COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE.

2.4 USE ICT TOOLS TO DEVELOP 21ST

6.3 COLLABORATE WITH PEERS, COLLEAGUES
CENTURY SKILLS: INFORMATION MEDIA AND
AND STAKEHOLDERS TO ACCESS
TECHNOLOGY SKILLS, LEARNING AND
INFORMATION IN SUPPORT OF PROFESSIONAL
INNOVATION SKILLS, CAREER SKILLS AND
LEARNING
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS
DOMAIN 7: TEACHER DISPOSITION strategies to collect and analyze data,
7.1 DEMONSTRATE SOCIAL, ETHICAL, AND interpret results, and communicate findings to
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE USE OF improve instructional practice and maximize
TECHNOLOGY TOOLS AND RESOURCES student learning

7.2 SHOW POSITIVE ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE Standard 5: Productivity and Professional
USE OF TECHNOLOGY TOOL Practice
Teachers use technology to engage in on-
Department of Education Order 42, s. 2017- going professional development and lifelong
mandating the use of the Philippine learning in support of student learning,
Professional Standard for Teachers (PPST) to increase productivity and to build community
start with the Beginning Teachers who are the of learners.
fresh graduates from the teacher education
program. Standard 6: Social, Ethical, Legal and Human
Issues
Teachers understand the social, ethical, legal
ISTE National Educational Technology and human issues surrounding the use of
Standards For Students (NETS* S) technology in support of student learning who
come from diverse background, affirm
International Society for Technology in diversity, promote safe and healthy use of
Education (ISTE)- established standards for technology resources and facilitate access to
both teachers and students. These standards technology resources for all students
were also referred to in the development of
the Philippine ICT Competency standards From how technology teachers facilitate
which include the following: learners, outcomes of student learning should
indicate that the following standards have
Standard 1: Technology Operations and been complied with:
Concepts
This means that teachers demonstrate a Standard 1: Creativity and Innovation
sound understanding of technology This standard will produce students who
operations and concepts. Standard demonstrate creative thinking, construct
knowledge, develop innovative products and
2: Planning and Designing Learning processes using technology from existing
Environment and Experiences knowledge.
This standard implies that teachers utilize the
use of technology to plan and design effective Standard 2: Communication and
learning environments and experiences Collaboration
This standard requires students to use digital
Standard 3: Teaching, Learning and media and environments to communicate and
Curriculum work collaboratively to support individual
Teachers should be mindful that in the learning and contribute to the learning of
implementation of curriculum plan, they must others. This includes the use of variety of
include strategies for applying technology to media and formats for global awareness with
maximize student learning learners from other cultures

Standard 4: Assessment and Evaluation Standard 3: Research and Information

Teachers apply technology to facilitate a Fluency Students are expected to apply digital
variety of effective assessment and evaluation tools to gather, evaluate and use information
and plan strategies for inquiry. This standard ❖ Technology is integral to daily life,
expects the student to locate, organize, especially in education.
analyze, evaluate, synthesize and ethically use ❖ For teachers: It is a tool to enhance
information from a variety of sources and teaching strategies.
media. ❖ For students: It is a resource for
independent and collaborative learning.
Standard 4: Critical Thinking, Problem-
Solving and Decision Making Domains of Educational Technology
This standard expects the students to use According to Stosic (2015), technology in
critical thinking skills to plan and conduct education serves three major roles:
research, manage projects, solve problems 1. Technology as a Tutor- Technology can act
and make informed decisions using as a tutor to support teaching, providing
appropriate digital tools programmed instruction through educational
software and tutorials.
Standard 5: Digital Citizenship Examples:
It is required by this standard that every ❖ Online platforms like Duolingo teaching
technology student becomes a digital citizen languages.
who demonstrates ethical and legal behavior, ❖ Video tutorials for math and science
exemplified by the practice of safe, legal and concepts.
responsible use of information. Further, the
student exhibits positive attitude towards the 2. Technology as a Teaching Tool - While it
support of technology for collaboration, assists teaching, it cannot replace the teacher.
learning and productivity as a digital citizen Technology enhances lesson delivery,
classroom activities, and management.
Standard 6: Technology Operations and Examples:
Concepts ❖ Using PowerPoint for presentations.
Sound understanding of technology concepts, ❖ Interactive whiteboards like Smart Boards.
systems and operation is a standard that
students should comply with. They too, are 3. Technology as a Learning Tool - Technology
expected to further transfer current enables students to learn independently and
knowledge to learning of new technologies more effectively through exploration and
engagement.
Examples:
❖ Mobile apps like Quizlet for self-paced
study.
❖ Virtual labs for conducting experiments.

Roles of Technology for Teachers and Teaching

Technology has transformed how teachers
approach teaching and manage learning
environments:

1. Facilitating Active Learning

ROLES OF TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND Impact: Makes classrooms interactive with
LEARNING audio-visual aids, e-learning tools, and digital
models.
Technology in the 4th Industrial Revolution: Example: A biology teacher using 3D
animations to explain cellular processes.
Technology facilitates various communication
2. Modernizing the Teaching Environment patterns:
Impact: Teachers access structured Examples:
instructional materials for remediation and Point-to-point: Email or instant messaging.
enrichment. One-to-many: Webinars or online lectures.
Example: Using Kahoot! for quizzes to Many-to-many: Group discussions via
reinforce concepts. platforms like Zoom or Microsoft Teams.

3. Enhancing Teaching Strategies 3. Developing Higher-Order Thinking Skills

Impact: Technology supports diverse learning Technology fosters critical thinking, problem-
styles based on Howard Gardner’s theory of solving, and creativity:
multiple intelligences.
Example: Visual learners benefit from Examples of Critical Thinking Tasks:
infographics, while kinesthetic learners ✓ Evaluating sources for reliability.
engage with simulations. ✓ Analyzing trends in a dataset.

4. Supporting Research and Evaluation SCAMPER Creativity Framework:

Impact: Tools like SPSS or Google Sheets ✓ Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Modify, used,
enable faster data analysis for research or Eliminate, Reverse.
assessments. ✓ Example: Designing an app prototype to
Example: A teacher analyzing test results using address an environmental issue.
Excel pivot tables.
Benefits of Technology in Education
5. Professional Development
Impact: Technology enables online 1. For Teachers:
professional development courses for ✓ Saves time through automation (e.g.,
continuous learning. grading tools like Google Forms).
Example: Teachers attending webinars or ✓ Enhances lesson planning with multimedia
MOOCs for upskilling. resources.

Roles of Technology for Learners and Learning 2. For Students:

✓ Increases engagement and motivation with
1.Supporting Independent Learning gamified tools.
• Categories of Knowledge (Egbert, 2009): ✓ Expands access to resources (e.g., free
Declarative Knowledge: Facts and courses on platforms like Coursera).
information.
✓ Example: Students using flashcards for Challenges and Considerations
vocabulary.
Structural Knowledge: Understanding For Teachers:
relationships. ✓ Learning new tools may require time and
✓ Example: Mind mapping tools like Coggle. effort.
Procedural Knowledge: Learning through ✓ Example: Transitioning from traditional
action. teaching to blended learning models.
✓ Example: Coding in Python using online For Students:
tutorials. ✓ Technology dependence may hinder
foundational skills.
2. Enhancing Communication Skills ✓ Example: Relying on calculators without
mastering mental math.
Practical Applications Example: A teacher accessing online resources
Classroom Examples: to design an interactive lesson plan and then
✓ Flipped classrooms: Students watch pre- sharing it with students via Google Classroom.
recorded lectures at home and engage in
activities in class. 3. Educational Technology
✓ Project-based learning: Using tools like Educational technology bridges pedagogy and
Trello to manage tasks collaboratively. technology, ensuring a dynamic learning
Offline and Online Tools: environment.
✓ Offline: Evernote for organizing notes. ✓ Digital Examples: Interactive whiteboards,
✓ Online: Canva for creative projects. learning management systems (LMS), and e-
learning platforms like Moodle or Canvas.
Technology in education is not just a tool but a ✓ Non-Digital Examples: Models, charts, or
transformative force that enriches teaching flashcards.
and learning. By integrating technology
effectively, educators and learners can achieve Key Point: Both digital and non-digital tools
outcomes that were previously unimaginable. play complementary roles. For instance, while
Embrace technology as a partner in education an LMS can track progress, flashcards help
and explore its vast potential to make learning with quick memory retention.
more engaging, interactive, and meaningful.
Hope this study guide helps you well. 4. Digital Literacy
Digital literacy isn’t just about using devices;
it’s about effectively creating, sharing, and
Understanding the Basic Concepts of ICT evaluating content.
✓ Cognitive Skills: Understanding how
1. Understanding Technology algorithms filter content (e.g., news feed
Technology is not just about advanced gadgets algorithms).
or the latest tools. It spans a spectrum of ✓ Technical Skills: Editing a video or creating a
processes and products aimed at solving website.
practical problems and improving productivity.
Examples: Real-Life Scenario: Students creating a
✓ Traditional Tools: Paper, pencil, chalkboard. collaborative project using Google Docs,
✓ Modern Tools: Smartphones, tablets, AR/VR researching online, and presenting findings via
headsets, AI-driven software. PowerPoint.

2. Information and Communication 6. Digital Learning

Technology (ICT) Literacy Digital learning encompasses all forms of
ICT literacy is the backbone of a knowledge- technology-assisted education.
driven society. It empowers individuals to: ✓ Blended Learning: Combines online and in-
1. Access: Find information via search engines person instruction.
or databases. ✓ Virtual Learning: Fully online courses, often
2. Manage: Organize files and data effectively. self-paced.
3. Integrate: Combine information from Example: Khan Academy offers online lessons
multiple sources. that students can study at their own pace,
4. Evaluate: Critically assess the credibility of with exercises tailored to their understanding.
sources.
5. Communicate: Share insights using digital 7. Online vs. Offline Digital Tools
communication tools.
✓ Online Tools: Require the internet, enabling 12. Productivity and Design Tools
global collaboration. ✓ Productivity Tools:
Example: Skype, Zoom, or Microsoft Teams for ❖ Enhance efficiency in daily tasks.
real-time virtual discussions. ❖ Examples: Microsoft Excel for managing
✓ Offline Tools: Work without internet access. class grades, Trello for project planning.
Example: Pocket for saving articles offline or
Evernote for organizing ideas. ✓ Design Tools:
• Used for creativity and modeling.
8. Instructional Technology • Examples: Canva for creating posters or
Defined as the design and application of tools SketchUp for 3D design.
and processes to enhance learning outcomes.
✓ Practical Usage: Designing an e-learning 13. Emerging Digital Technologies
module using instructional design principles • Handheld Devices:
like ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, ❖ Tools like GPS, digital cameras, and mobile
Implement, Evaluate). apps provide flexibility and portability in
learning.
9. Software and Multimedia ❖ Example: Using a GPS for geography lessons
✓ Software: Includes applications (e.g., MS or Duolingo for language practice.
Office), gaming software for education, and • Google Apps:
database tools. ❖ Cloud-based tools like Google Docs and
✓ Multimedia: Combines videos, images, Google Slides enhance collaboration.
audio, and text for dynamic presentations. Example: Students working on a shared
✓ Example: A science teacher using 3D presentation in real time.
animations to explain complex biological
processes. 14. Blogs, Wikis, and Social Media
❖ Blogs: Personal or classroom journals.
10. Internet and the World Wide Web Example: Teachers posting updates or lessons
The internet is the infrastructure that on an educational blog.
connects computers globally, while the World ❖ Wikis: Collaborative platforms for student
Wide Web is the content you access through projects.
browsers. Example: Students contributing to a shared
research wiki.
✓ Key Distinction: While the internet enables ❖ Social media: Platforms like Facebook or
communication (emails, VoIP), the web Edmodo for community learning and sharing.
focuses on accessing and sharing information
(webpages, multimedia). 15. Innovative Learning Practices
✓ Flipped Classroom:
11. Web-Based Learning Resources ❖ Students watch pre-recorded lessons at
home and engage in hands-on activities
✓ Web Access: Immediate access to during class.
education resources like online libraries or ❖ Example: Watching a math tutorial on
journals during lessons. YouTube as homework and solving problems
✓ WebQuest: A structured inquiry-based in class.
activity where students explore a topic using ✓ Podcasts and Vlogs:
online resources. ❖ Accessible, topic-specific content shared via
Example: Researching climate change through audio or video.
curated web links. Example: Students creating vlogs to document
a science experiment.
16. VOIP and Cloud-Based Tools
• VOIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol):
❖ Facilitates internet-based voice
communication.
Example: Teachers conducting parent-teacher
conferences over Zoom.
• Cloud Tools:
❖ Example: Google Calendar for scheduling
and reminders, Google Sites for creating NEW ICT TECHNOLOGIES
student portfolios. 1. Information Technology (IT) — includes the
use of computers, which has become
17. Safety and Netiquette important in modern societies to process data
• Emphasize the importance of digital safety: and save time and effort. Examples:
❖ Recognizing credible sources. Computers, Microsoft Word for writing, Excel
❖ Avoiding cyber threats. for calculations, and Google Drive for storing
❖ Practicing respectful online communication files.
(netiquette). 2. Telecommunication Technologies - includes
the use of telephones (with fax) and the
broadcasting of radio and television often
MODULE 2: ICT POLICIES AND ISSUES: through satellites. Examples: Landline and
IMPLICATIONS TO TEACHING AND LEARNING mobile phones, fax machines, FM radio
stations, and TV broadcasting services like
INTRODUCTION cable or satellite TV.
Globalization is a reality and ICT has 3. Networking Technologies — the best
become a fundamental part of the process. A known of networking technologies is internet,
networked society is one in which the entire but has extended to mobile phone technology.
planet is organized around telecommunicated Examples: The Internet, Wi-Fi, mobile
networks of computers. The powerful use of networks (like 4G or 5G), and tools like Zoom
network has broken boundaries, provided or Skype for video calls.
opportunities for inclusion and collaboration.
DICT ROADMAP
LESSON 1: POLICIES AND ISSUES ON INTERNET
AND ISSUES AND IMPLICATIONS TO TEACHING
AND LEARNING

New technologies have become central to the

lives of every individual in this planet.
Whether you are talking on the phone,
sending an electronic mail, going to the bank,
using the library, watching news on television,
going to the doctor, catching a flight, or seeing
a movie, you are using ICT.
SOME ISSUES ON ICT AND INTERNET POLICY
AND REGULATIONS

ISSUE NO. 4: E-POLLUTANTS FROM E-WASTE

 E-waste refers to discarded electronic  The learners of the 21" Century are
devices such as laptops, mobile even more advanced than some of
phones, televisions, printers, and fax the teachers. However, learners still
machines. need guidance on how to use,
 Rapid technological advancements regulate technology use.
lead to frequent disposal of old  The learners of the 21" Century are
devices. even more advanced than some of
 Frequent software and hardware the teachers. However, learners still
upgrades force consumers to replace need guidance on how to use,
devices prematurely, significantly regulate technology use.
increasing electronic waste.
LESSON 2: Safety Issues on the Use of ICT
How to Reduce E-waste including e-Safety Rules
 Standardization and regulatory
measure to increase the life cycle of Some Risks in the Use of ICT and e-
equipment before they become Networking
obsolete  Technology is a powerful tool that
 Efficient extraction of toxic enhances learning and
components and requiring the communication, but it also comes
recycling of both consumers and with risks.
equipment vendors  To ensure a safe online experience,
parents, teachers, and students must
If E-waste is not controlled then: work together to protect personal
1. May cause Climate Change information, prevent exposure to
2. May damage Human Lives harmful content, and promote
3. May cause overload in Earth’s capacity responsible internet use.
to carry solid waste
Major risk in ICT and e-Networking includes:
IMPLICATION TO TEACHING AND LEARNING 1. Exposure to inappropriate content
There are great implications of this (pornography, extremism,
lesson to both the teachers who are teaching violent/racist language)
and the learners who are learning. A few of 2. Harmful websites (self-harm, suicide,
these are as follows: and hate sites)
3. Cyberbullying (explicit
For teachers and teaching images/messages)
1. Guide the teachers on what they 4. Privacy issues (personal data
should teach that relate to ICT, and exposure)
how to teach it. 5. Health concerns (excessive screen
2. Technology should never replace any time, gaming addiction)
human teacher. 6. Early exposure to online technologies
3. There are rules and regulations that 7. Gambling and gaming addiction
govern the use of technology. 8. Phishing, fraud, and scams
4. All the issues and many more shall be 9. Viruses, spyware, and malware
part of the teaching content as each 10. Social pressure in networking sites
teacher will be encouraged to use
technology in teaching. Minor Misuse of ICT
 Plagiarism and Copyright Infringement
For learner and learning  Downloading Irrelevant Materials
 Unauthorized Access 1.8. Review the school ICT system regularly
 Leaving a Mobile Phone Turned On with regard to health and safety and security.
During Class 2. Password policy
 Unauthorized Image Capture Only authorized users will have
individual passwords. Users are not permitted
e-Safety to disclose their passwords unless they got
 e-safety takes care not only of permission from the owner or from the
communications via mobile phones, management.
games consoles and wireless
technology. 3. Personal mobile phones and mobile
 It highlights the need to educate devices
children and young people about the All mobile phones shall be kept away
benefits, risk, and responsibilities of in a box away from the children or learners
using information technology. and access is only allowed at breaktime or at
the end of classes or when needed during the
Some issues of e-safety class period.
 e-safety helps safeguard children and
young people in the digital world; 4. Cameras
 e-safety emphasizes learning to  Taking pictures only from parents or
understand and new technologies in a caregivers and not from any other
positive way; family member or friend while the
 e-safety educates children about the child attends class.
risks as well as the benefits so we can  Any picture taken of children shall be
feel confident online; and on cameras solely for the purpose.
 e-safety supports young learners and
adults to develop safer online Basic safety rules
behaviors, both in and out of school. 1. Tiltable and height-adjustable tables
2. Anti-glare screen filters
Network Management 3. Adjustable chairs
4. Foot supports
1.Safety in the Use of Network in Schools 5. Suitable lighting
1.1. Make clear that no one should log on as 6. Ensure adequate space between
another user. workstations.
1.2. Require all users to always log off when 7. Plan for frequent breaks during
they have finished working. computer work.
1.3. Maintain equipment to ensure health and
safety. Electrical safety
1.4. Provide students with access to content Preventing electrical hazards is a must:
and resources through guided e-learning. 1. No trailing wires across walkways.
1.5. Set up a clear disaster recovery system in 2. Avoid overloading electrical sockets.
place for critical data that include secure, 3. Annual safety testing of electrical
remote back up of critical data. equipment.
1.6. Secure wireless network to appropriate 4. Adequate space around desks.
standards suitable for educational use. 5. Store bags and obstacles out of the way.
1.7. Install all computer equipment 6. No food or drinks near machines.
professionally and meet health and safety 7. Suitable heating and ventilation.
standards. 8. Accessible fire extinguishers.
9. Clearly marked and unobstructed fire exits.
o Example: A student reads a
chemistry textbook to learn
about the periodic table.
Dale’s Cone of Experience and Its Application o ICT-based Example: A student
in Technology for Teaching and Learning listens to a podcast explaining
chemical reactions.
1. Overview  Visual Symbols: Learning through
 Definition: Dale’s Cone of Experience charts, diagrams, graphs, and
is a learning model created by Edgar illustrations.
Dale in 1946 that illustrates the o Example: A biology student
relationship between different types examines a diagram of the
of learning experiences and human digestive system.
knowledge retention. o ICT-based Example: Watching
 Purpose: It emphasizes that learning an animated infographic
is more effective when moving from about the food chain.
abstract (passive learning) to concrete  Recordings, Radio, and Still Pictures:
(active learning). The more real-world, Learning through static media.
hands-on experiences a learner has, o Example: Listening to an audio
the better they understand and retain recording of Newton’s laws.
information. o ICT-based Example: Using an
 Misinterpretation Warning: Many educational app that narrates
people wrongly associate the Cone historical events.
with retention percentages (e.g.,
"People remember 90% of what they B. Observational Learning (Middle of the
do"), which Dale never included. Cone – Moderate Effectiveness)
 Motion Pictures & Video
2. The Cone Structure: Levels of Learning Demonstrations: Learning through
Dale’s Cone is not a hierarchy of learning visual motion (films, animations, or
effectiveness but rather a continuum of live demonstrations).
abstraction. It has eleven levels categorized o Example: Watching a science
into three main groups: experiment in a documentary.
o ICT-based Example: Virtual
reality (VR) simulation of a
dissection.
 Exhibits and Demonstrations:
Learning through teacher-led or
guided experiments.
o Example: A teacher performs
a chemistry demonstration in
class.
o ICT-based Example:
Augmented Reality (AR) apps
showing 3D models of the
A. Highly Abstract Learning (Top of the Cone
human heart.
– Least Effective)
 Field Trips & Study Visits: Learning by
 Verbal Symbols: Learning through
observing real-world scenarios.
reading and listening to spoken words
o Example: A visit to a science
(e.g., books, lectures).
museum.
o ICT-based Example: A virtual o Some believe the Cone ranks
tour of NASA facilities. learning methods from worst
C. Active, Experiential Learning (Bottom of to best, implying that direct
the Cone – Most Effective) experiences are always
 Hands-on Practice: Learning by doing superior.
practical activities. o Truth: Dale stated that the
o Example: Conducting an Cone is a visual analogy, not a
experiment in a school rigid hierarchy.
laboratory. o Balance is Key: While hands-
o ICT-based Example: Using on learning is great, too much
interactive simulations like reliance on direct experience
PhET to conduct virtual can prevent deeper analysis
physics experiments. and abstraction.
 Direct, Purposeful Experience:
Learning through real-world, real-time 4. Application of Dale’s Cone in Teaching &
engagement. Technology
o Example: Growing plants in a
school garden to understand How Technology Aligns with Each Level
photosynthesis.
o ICT-based Example: Using
sensors (Arduino, Pasco) to
measure changes in
temperature and light in an
experiment.
3. Common Misconceptions About Dale’s
Cone
 The "Corrupted Cone" (Fake
Retention Percentages)
o Many educators mistakenly
believe the Cone includes the
following retention rates:
 10% of what we read.
 20% of what we hear.
 30% of what we see.
 50% of what we hear
and see.
 70% of what we say
and write.
 90% of what we do.
o Truth: Edgar Dale never
included these percentages.
No scientific evidence
supports them.
o Where It Came From:
Researchers traced the
numbers back to unverified
claims from the early 1900s.
 Misunderstood Application