PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

IMPORTANT FORMULAS & CONCEPTS

An equation of the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are real numbers ( a  0, b  0 ), is
called a linear equation in two variables x and y.
The numbers a and b are called the coefficients of the equation ax + by + c = 0 and the number c
is called the constant of the equation ax + by + c = 0.
Two linear equations in the same two variables are called a pair of linear equations in two variables.
The most general form of a pair of linear equations is
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
where a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2 are real numbers, such that a12 + b12 ≠ 0, a22 + b22 ≠ 0.

CONSISTENT SYSTEM
A system of simultaneous linear equations is said to be consistent, if it has at least one solution.
INCONSISTENT SYSTEM
A system of simultaneous linear equations is said to be inconsistent, if it has no solution.

METHOD TO SOLVE A PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATION OF TWO VARIABLES

A pair of linear equations in two variables can be represented, and solved, by the:
(i) graphical method (ii) algebraic method
GRAPHICAL METHOD OF SOLUTION OF A PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS
The graph of a pair of linear equations in two variables is represented by two lines.
1. If the lines intersect at a point, then that point gives the unique solution of the two equations. In
this case, the pair of equations is consistent.

2. If the lines coincide, then there are infinitely many solutions — each point on the line being a
solution. In this case, the pair of equations is dependent (consistent).
3. If the lines are parallel, then the pair of equations has no solution. In this case, the pair of
equations is inconsistent.

Algebraic interpretation of pair of linear equations in two variables

The pair of linear equations represented by these lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
a b
1. If 1  1 then the pair of linear equations has exactly one solution.
a2 b2
a b c
2. If 1  1  1 then the pair of linear equations has infinitely many solutions.
a2 b2 c2
a b c
3. If 1  1  1 then the pair of linear equations has no solution.
a2 b2 c2

S. No. Pair of lines Compare Graphical Algebraic

the ratios representation interpretation
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 a1 b1 Intersecting Unique solution (Exactly
1 a2x + b2y + c2 = 0  lines one solution)
a2 b2
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 a1 b1 c1 Coincident Infinitely many solutions
2 a2x + b2y + c2 = 0   lines
a2 b2 c2
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 a1 b1 c1 Parallel lines No solution
3 a2x + b2y + c2 = 0  
a2 b2 c2

ALGEBRAIC METHODS OF SOLVING A PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

Substitution Method
Following are the steps to solve the pair of linear equations by substitution method:
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 … (i) and
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 … (ii)
Step 1: We pick either of the equations and write one variable in terms of the other
a c
y   1 x  1 … (iii)
b1 b1
Step 2: Substitute the value of x in equation (i) from equation (iii) obtained in step 1.
Step 3: Substituting this value of y in equation (iii) obtained in step 1, we get the values of x and y.
Elimination Method
Following are the steps to solve the pair of linear equations by elimination method:
Step 1: First multiply both the equations by some suitable non-zero constants to make the
coefficients of one variable (either x or y) numerically equal.
Step 2: Then add or subtract one equation from the other so that one variable gets eliminated.
If you get an equation in one variable, go to Step 3.
If in Step 2, we obtain a true statement involving no variable, then the original pair of
equations has infinitely many solutions.
If in Step 2, we obtain a false statement involving no variable, then the original pair of
equations has no solution, i.e., it is inconsistent.
Step 3: Solve the equation in one variable (x or y) so obtained to get its value.
Step 4: Substitute this value of x (or y) in either of the original equations to get the value of the other
variable.

Cross - Multiplication Method

Let the pair of linear equations be:
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 … (1) and
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 … (2)

x y 1
  …………. (3)
b1 c2  b2 c1 c1 a2  c2 a1 a1b2  a2 b1
b c  b2 c1 c a  c2 a1
x 1 2 and y  1 2
a1b2  a2 b1 a1b2  a2 b1
In remembering the above result, the following diagram may be helpful :

The arrows between the two numbers indicate that they are to be multiplied and the second product
is to be subtracted from the first.

For solving a pair of linear equations by this method, we will follow the following steps :
Step 1 : Write the given equations in the form (1) and (2).
Step 2 : Taking the help of the diagram above, write Equations as given in (3).
Step 3 : Find x and y, provided a1b2  a2b1  0
Step 2 above gives you an indication of why this method is called the cross-multiplication method.
MCQ WORKSHEET-I
CLASS X : CHAPTER - 3
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

1. The pair of equations y = 0 and y = –7 has

(a) one solution (b) two solution (c) infinitely many solutions (d) no solution

2. The pair of equations x = a and y = b graphically represents the lines which are
(a) parallel (b) intersecting at (a, b)
(c) coincident (d) intersecting at (b, a)

3. The value of c for which the pair of equations cx – y = 2 and 6x – 2y = 3 will have infinitely
many solutions is
(a) 3 (b) – 3 (c) – 12 (d) no value

4. When lines l1 and l2 are coincident, then the graphical solution system of linear equation have
(a) infinite number of solutions (b) unique solution
(c) no solution (d) one solution

5. When lines l1 and l2 are parallel, then the graphical solution system of linear equation have
(a) infinite number of solutions (b) unique solution
(c) no solution (d) one solution

6. The coordinates of the vertices of triangle formed between the lines and y-axis from the graph
is
(a) (0, 5), (0, 0) and (6.5,0) (b) (4,2), (0, 0) and (6.5,0)
(c) (4,2), (0, 0) and (0,5) (d) none of these

7. Five years ago Nuri was thrice old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri
will be twice as old as Sonu. The present age, in years, of Nuri
and Sonu are respectively
(a) 50 and 20 (b) 60 and 30 (c) 70 and 40 (d) 40 and 10

8. The pair of equations 5x – 15y = 8 and 3x – 9y = 24/5 has

(a) infinite number of solutions (b) unique solution
(c) no solution (d) one solution

9. The pair of equations x + 2y + 5 = 0 and –3x – 6y + 1 = 0 have

(a) infinite number of solutions (b) unique solution
(c) no solution (d) one solution

10. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 9. If 27 is added to it, the digits of the numbers
get reversed. The number is
(a) 36 (b) 72 (c) 63 (d) 25
MCQ WORKSHEET-II
CLASS X : CHAPTER - 3
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

1. If a pair of equation is consistent, then the lines will be

(a) parallel (b) always coincident
(c) always intersecting (d) intersecting or coincident

2. The solution of the equations x + y = 14 and x – y =4 is

(a) x = 9 and y = 5 (b) x = 5 and y = 9 (c) x = 7 and y = 7 (d) x = 10 and y = 4

3. The sum of the numerator and denominator of a fraction is 12. If the denominator is increased by
b3, the fraction becomes ½ , then the fraction
4 5 6 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 7 7 7

4. The value of k for which the system of equations x – 2y = 3 and 3x + ky = 1 has a unique
solution is
(a) k = – 6 (b) k  – 6 (c) k = 0 (d) no value

5. If a pair of equation is inconsistent, then the lines will be

(a) parallel (b) always coincident
(c) always intersecting (d) intersecting or coincident

6. The value of k for which the system of equations 2x + 3y = 5 and 4x + ky = 10 has infinite many
solution is
(a) k = – 3 (b) k  – 3 (c) k = 0 (d) none of these

7. The value of k for which the system of equations kx – y = 2 and 6x – 2y = 3 has a unique
solution is
(a) k = – 3 (b) k  – 3 (c) k = 0 (d) k  0

8. Sum of two numbers is 35 and their difference is 13, then the numbers are
(a) 24 and 12 (b) 24 and 11 (c) 12 and 11 (d) none of these

9. The solution of the equations 0.4x + 0.3y = 1.7 and 0.7x – 0.2y = 0.8 is
(a) x = 1 and y = 2 (b) x = 2 and y = 3 (c) x = 3 and y = 4 (d) x = 5 and y = 4

10. The solution of the equations x + 2y = 1.5 and 2x + y = 1.5 is

(a) x = 1 and y = 1 (b) x = 1.5 and y = 1.5(c) x = 0.5 and y = 0.5 (d) none of these

11. The value of k for which the system of equations x + 2y = 3 and 5x + ky + 7 = 0 has no solution
is
(a) 10 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 1

12. The value of k for which the system of equations 3x + 5y = 0 and kx + 10y = 0 has a non-zero
solution is
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 8
MCQ WORKSHEET-II
CLASS X : CHAPTER - 3
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

1. Sum of two numbers is 50 and their difference is 10, then the numbers are
(a) 30 and 20 (b) 24 and 14 (c) 12 and 2 (d) none of these

2. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 12. The number obtained by interchanging its digit
exceeds the given number by 18, then the number is
(a) 72 (b) 75 (c) 57 (d) none of these

3. The sum of a two-digit number and the number obtained by interchanging its digit is 99. If the
digits differ by 3, then the number is
(a) 36 (b) 33 (c) 66 (d) none of these

4. Seven times a two-digit number is equal to four times the number obtained by reversing the order
of its digit. If the difference between the digits is 3, then the number is
(a) 36 (b) 33 (c) 66 (d) none of these

5. A two-digit number is 4 more than 6 times the sum of its digits. If 18 is subtracted from the
number, the digits are reversed, then the number is
(a) 36 (b) 46 (c) 64 (d) none of these

6. The sum of two numbers is 1000 and the difference between their squares is 25600, then the
numbers are
(a) 616 and 384 (b) 628 and 372 (c) 564 and 436 (d) none of these

7. Five years ago, A was thrice as old as B and ten years later A shall be twice as old as B, then the
present age of A is
(a) 20 (b) 50 (c) 30 (d) none of these

8. The sum of thrice the first and the second is 142 and four times the first exceeds the second by
138, then the numbers are
(a) 40 and 20 (b) 40 and 22 (c) 12 and 22 (d) none of these

9. The sum of twice the first and thrice the second is 92 and four times the first exceeds seven times
the second by 2, then the numbers are
(a) 25 and 20 (b) 25 and 14 (c) 14 and 22 (d) none of these

10. The difference between two numbers is 14 and the difference between their squares is 448, then
the numbers are
(a) 25 and 9 (b) 22 and 9 (c) 23 and 9 (d) none of these
x y x y
11. The solution of the system of linear equations   a  b; 2  2  2 are
a b a b
2 2
(a) x = a and y = b (b) x = a and y = b (c) x = 1 and y = 1 (d) none of these

12. The solution of the system of linear equations 2(ax  by )  (a  4b)  0; 2(bx  ay )  (b  4a)  0
are
(a) x = a and y = b (b) x = –1 and y = –1 (c) x = 1 and y = 1 (d) none of these
MCQ WORKSHEET-III
CLASS X : CHAPTER - 3
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

16
1. The pair of equations 3x + 4y = 18 and 4x + y = 24 has
3
(a) infinite number of solutions (b) unique solution
(c) no solution (d) cannot say anything

9
2. If the pair of equations 2x + 3y = 7 and kx + y = 12 have no solution, then the value of k is:
2
2 3
(a) (b) – 3 (c) 3 (d)
3 2

11
3. The equations x – y = 0.9 and  2 have the solution:
x y
(a) x = 5 and y = a (b) x = 3, 2 and y = 2, 3 (c) x = 3 and y = 2 (d) none of these

4. If bx + ay = a2 + b2 and ax – by = 0, then the value of x – y equals:

(a) a – b (b) b – a (c) a2 – b2 (d) b2 + a2.

5. If 2x + 3y = 0 and 4x – 3y = 0, then x + y equals:

(a) 0 (b) – 1 (c) 1 (d) 2

6. If a x  b y  b  a and bx  a y  0 , then the value of x, y is:

(a) a + b (b) a – b (c) ab (d)  ab

2 3 5 4
7. If   13 and   2 , then x + y equals:
x y x y
1 1 5 5
(a) (b)  (c) (d) 
6 6 6 6

8. If 31x + 43y = 117 and 43 + 31y = 105, then value of x – y is:

1 1
(a) (b) – 3 (c) 3 (d) 
3 3

9. If 19x – 17y = 55 and 17x – 19y = 53, then the value of x – y is:
1
(a) (b) – 3 (c) 3 (d) 5
3

x 7
10. If  y  0.8 and  10 , then the value of x + y is:
2  y
x 
 2
(a) 1 (b) – 0.8 (c) 0.6 (d) 0.5

11. If (6, k) is a solution of the equation 3x + y – 22 = 0, then the value of k is:

(a) 4 (b) –4 (c) 3 (d) –3
2x
12. If 3x –5y = 1,  4 , then the value of x + y is
x y
1 1
(a) (b) – 3 (c) 3 (d) 
3 3

13. If 3x + 2y = 13 and 3x – 2y = 5, then the value of x + y is:

(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) none of these

15
14. If the pair of equations 2x + 3y = 5 and 5x + y = k represent two coincident lines, then the
2
value of k is:
25 25 5
(a) –5 (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2

15. Rs. 4900 were divided among 150 children. If each girl gets Rs. 50 and a boy gets Rs. 25, then
the number of boys is:
(a) 100 (b) 102 (c) 104 (d) 105
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
CLASS X : CHAPTER - 3
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
SOLVING EQUATIONS

Solve for x and y:

1. 11x + 15y + 23 = 0; 7x – 2y – 20 = 0.
2. 2x + y = 7; 4x – 3y + 1 = 0.
3. 23x – 29 y = 98; 29x – 23y = 110.
8 5
4. 2x + 5y = ; 3x – 2y = .
3 6
29
5. 4x – 3y = 8; 6x – y = .
3
3
6. 2x - y = 3; 5x = 2y + 7.
4
7. 2x – 3y = 13; 7x – 2y = 20.

8. 3x – 5y – 19 = 0; –7x + 3y + 1 = 0.

9. 2x – 3y + 8 = 0; x – 4y + 7 = 0.

10. x  y  5 xy;3 x  2 y  13xy; x  0, y  0.

11. 152 x  378 y  74; 378 x  152 y  604 .

12. 47 x  31 y  63;31x  47 y  15 .

13. 71x + 37y = 253; 37x + 71y = 287.

14. 37x + 43y = 123; 43x + 37y = 117.

15. 217x + 131y = 913; 131x + 217y = 827.

16. 41x – 17y = 99; 17x – 41y = 75.

5 3
17.  6 y  13;  4 y  7, x0
x x
2 3 9 4 9 21
18.   ;   ( x  0, y  0)
x y xy x y xy
5 3 3 2
19.   1;  5 ( x  0, y  0)
x y 2x 3y
1 1 1 1
20.   3;  5 ( x  0, y  0)
7x 6 y 2x 3 y
3 1 2 3
21.   9  0;  5 ( x  0, y  0)
x y x y
3 7
22. 2 x   9; 3x   2, y0
y y
6 8
23. x   6; 3x   5, y0
y y
4 3
24.  5 y  7;  4 y  5, x0
x x
x y 5x y
25.   11;  7 0
3 4 6 3
x  y  8 x  2 y  14 3x  y  12
26.  
2 3 11
x y x y
27.  2;  6, x  0, y  0.
xy xy
xy 6 xy
28.  ;  6; x  y  0, y  x  0.
x y 5 yx
3x  9 y 6x  3 y
29.  11;  7, x  0, y  0.
xy xy
x 1 y 1 x 1 y 1
30.   8;   9.
2 3 3 2
5 1 6 3
31.   2;   1, x  1 and y  2.
x 1 y  2 x 1 y  2
2x  5 y 4x  5 y
32.  6;  3, x  0 and y  0
xy xy
1 12 1 7 4
33.   ;   2.
2(2 x  3 y ) 7(3x  2 y ) 2 (2 x  3 y ) (3x  2 y )
1 5 3 5 3 61
34.   ;   .
2( x  2 y ) 3(3 x  2 y ) 2 4( x  2 y ) 5(3x  2 y ) 60
5 2 1 10 2 5
35.   ;   , x  1 and y  1.
x 1 y 1 2 x 1 y  2 2
3 2 9 4
36.   2;   1, x  y  0 and x - y  0.
x y x y x y x y
57 6 38 21
37.   5;   9, x  y  0 and x - y  0.
x y x y x y x y
40 2 25 3
38.   2;   1, x  y  0 and x - y  0.
x y x y x y x y
44 30 55 40
39.   10;   13, x  y  0 and x - y  0.
x y x y x y x y
b a
40. x  y  a 2  b 2 ; x  y  2ab
a b
41. ax  by  a  b; bx  ay  a  b .

b2 x a2 y
42.   ab ( a  b ); b 2 x  a 2 y  2 a 2 b 2
a b
43. 2(ax  by )  (a  4b)  0; 2(bx  ay )  (b  4a)  0

44. (a  b) x  (a  b) y  a 2  2ab  b 2 ; (a  b)( x  y )  a 2  b 2

x y x y
45.   a  b; 2  2  2
a b a b
ax by
46.   a  b; ax  by  2ab.
b a
x y
47.  ; ax  by  a 2  b 2
a b
48. 2ax  3by  a  2b; 3ax  2by  2a  b.

a b ab 2 a 2b
49.   0;   a 2  b 2 , where x  0 and y  0.
x y x y
50. mx  ny  m 2  n 2; x  y  2m.
51. 6(ax  by )  3a  2b; 6(bx  ay )  3b  2a.
x y
52.   2; ax  by  a 2  b 2 .
a b
bx ay
53.   a  b  0; bx  ay  2ab  0.
a b
54. ax  by  a 2  b 2 ; x  y  2a.
3a 2b a 3b
55.   5  0;   2  0 ( x  0, y  0).
x y x y
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
CLASS X : CHAPTER - 3
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
CONDITIONS FOR SOLVING LINEAR EQUATIONS

1. Find the value of k, so that the following system of equations has no solution:
3x – y – 5 = 0; 6x – 2y – k = 0.

2. Find the value of k, so that the following system of equations has a non-zero solution:
3x + 5y = 0; kx + 10y = 0.

Find the value of k, so that the following system of equations has no solution:
3. 3 x  y  1; (2k  1) x  (k  1) y  (2k  1).
4. 3 x  y  1; (2k  1) x  (k  1) y  (2k  1).
5. x  2 y  3; 3 x  ky  1.
6. x  2 y  5; 3x  ky  15  0.
7. kx  2 y  5; 3 x  4 y  10.
8. x  2 y  3; 5 x  ky  7  0.
9. 8 x  5 y  9; kx  10 y  15.

10. (3k  1) x  3 y  2  0; (k 2  1) x  (k  2) y  5  0.
11. kx  3 y  3; 12 x  ky  6.

Find the value of k, so that the following system of equations has a unique solution:
12. x  2 y  3; 3 x  ky  1.
13. x  2 y  5; 3x  ky  15  0.
14. kx  2 y  5; 3 x  4 y  10.
15. x  2 y  3; 5 x  ky  7  0.
16. 8 x  5 y  9; kx  10 y  15.
17. kx  3 y  (k  3); 12 x  ky  k .
18. kx  2 y  5; 3x  y  1.
19. x  2 y  3; 3 x  ky  1.
20. 4 x  5 y  k ; 2 x  3 y  12.

For what value of k, the following pair of linear equations has infinite number of solutions:
21. kx  3 y  (2k  1); 2(k  1) x  9 y  (7 k  1).
22. 2 x  3 y  2; (k  2) x  (2k  1) y  2( k  1).
23. x  (2k  1) y  4; kx  6 y  k  6.
24. (k  1) x  y  5; (k  1) x  (1  k ) y  (3k  1).
25. x  (k  1) y  5; (k  1) x  9 y  (8k  1).
26. 2 x  3 y  7; (k  1) x  (k  2) y  3k .
27. 2 x  (k  2) y  k ; 6 x  (2k  1) y  (2k  5).
Find the value of a and b for which each of the following systems of linear equations has a infinite
number of solutions:

28. (a  1) x  3 y  2; 6 x  (1  2b) y  6.
29. 2 x  3 y  7; (a  b) x  (a  b  3) y  4a  b.
30. 2 x  3 y  7; (a  b  1) x  (a  2b  2) y  4(a  b)  1.
31. 2 x  3 y  7; a ( x  y )  b( x  y )  3a  b  2
32. (2a  1) x  3 y  5; 3 x  (b  1) y  2.

33. Find the value of k, so that the following system of equations has a non-zero solution:
5x – 3y = 0; 2x + ky = 0.

Show that the following system of the equations has a unique solution and hence find the solution of
the given system of equations.
x y
34.   3; x  2y  2
3 2
35. 3 x  5 y  12; 5 x  3 y  4.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
CLASS X : CHAPTER - 3
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
GRAPHICAL QUESTIONS

Solve each of the following system of linear equations graphically:

1. x  2 y  3; 4 x  3 y  2.

2. 2 x  3 y  8; x  2 y  3  0.

3. x  2 y  2  0; 3 x  2 y  2  0.

4. 4 x  3 y  5; 2 y  x  7.

5. 2 x  3 y  1; 3x  4 y  1.

6. 2 x  3 y  4; 3x  y  5.

7. x  y  1  0; 3 x  2 y  12  0.

8. 3 x  2 y  4; 2 x  3 y  7.

9. 2 x  3 y  2; x  2 y  8.

10. 2 x  5 y  4  0; 2 x  y  8  0.

11. 3 x  y  1  0; 2 x  3 y  8  0.

12. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically: 2 x  3 y  17  0; 4x  y  13  0 .

Shade the region bounded by the above lines and x-axis.

13. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically: 2 x  3 y  4; 3x  y  5 . Shade the
region bounded by the above lines and y-axis.

14. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically: 4 x  y  4; 3 x  2 y  14. . Shade the
region bounded by the above lines and y-axis.

15. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically: x  2 y  5; 2 x  3 y  4. . Shade
the region bounded by the above lines and y-axis.

16. Draw the graphs of the equations 4 x  y  8  0; 2 x  3 y  6  0 . Also determine the vertices of
the triangle formed by the lines and x-axis.

17. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically: 2 x  y  1; x  y  1 . Shade the
region bounded by the above lines and y-axis.

18. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically: 5 x  y  7; x  y  1  0 . Calculate

the area bounded by these lines and y-axis.
19. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically: 4 x  3 y  4  0; 4 x  3 y  20  0 .
Calculate the area bounded by these lines and x-axis.

20. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically: 4 x  5 y  20  0; 3x  5 y  15  0 .

Find the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and y-axis.

21. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically: 2 x  5 y  4  0; 2 x  y  8  0 . Find

the points where these lines meet the y-axis.

22. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically: 2 x  y  5  0; x  y  3  0 . Find

the points where these lines meet the y-axis.

23. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically: 4 x  5 y  16  0; 2x  y  6  0 .

Find the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and y-axis.

24. Draw the graphs of the equations x – y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y – 12 = 0. Determine the coordinates
of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the x-axis, and shade the triangular
region.

25. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically: 3 x  y  11  0; x  y  1  0 . Shade

the region bounded by these lines and the y-axis. Find the points where these lines cut the y-axis.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
CLASS X : CHAPTER – 3
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
WORD PROBLEMS

I. NUMBER BASED QUESTIONS

SIMPLE PROBLEMS

1. The sum of two numbers is 137 and their difference is 43. Find the numbers.

2. The sum of thrice the first and the second is 142 and four times the first exceeds the second by
138, then find the numbers.

3. Sum of two numbers is 50 and their difference is 10, then find the numbers.

4. The sum of twice the first and thrice the second is 92 and four times the first exceeds seven times
the second by 2, then find the numbers.

5. The sum of two numbers is 1000 and the difference between their squares is 25600, then find the
numbers.

6. The difference between two numbers is 14 and the difference between their squares is 448, then
find the numbers.
8
7. The sum of two natural numbers is 8 and the sum of their reciprocals is . Find the numbers.
15

TWO-DIGIT PROBLEMS

1. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 12. The number obtained by interchanging the two
digits exceeds the given number by 18. Find the number.

2. Seven times a two-digit number is equal to four times the number obtained by reversing the order
of its digit. If the difference between the digits is 3, then find the number.

3. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 9. Also, nine times this number is twice the
number obtained by reversing the order of the digits. Find the number.

4. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 9. If 27 is added to it, the digits of the numbers get
reversed. Find the number.

5. The sum of a two-digit number and the number obtained by reversing the digits is 66. If the
digits of the number differ by 2, find the number. How many such numbers are there?

6. A two-digit number is 4 more than 6 times the sum of its digit. If 18 is subtracted from the
number, the digits are reversed. Find the number.
7. The sum of a two-digit number and the number obtained by reversing the digits is 99. If the
digits differ by 3, find the number.

8. The sum of a two-digit number and the number formed by interchanging its digit is 110. If 10 is
subtracted from the original number, the new number is 4 more than 5 times the sum of the digits
of the original number. Find the original number.

9. A two-digit number is 3 more than 4 times the sum of its digit. If 18 is added to the number, the
digits are reversed. Find the number.

10. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 15. The number obtained by interchanging the two
digits exceeds the given number by 9. Find the number.

FRACTION PROBLEMS

9
1. A fraction becomes , if 2 is added to both the numerator and the denominator. If 3 is added to
11
5
both the numerator and the denominator it becomes . Find the fraction.
6
2. The sum of numerator and denominator of a fraction is 12. If the denominator is increased by 3
1
then the fraction becomes . Find the fraction.
2
4
3. If 1 is added to both the numerator and denominator of a given fraction, it becomes . If
5
1
however, 5 is subtracted from both the numerator and denominator, the fraction becomes .
2
Find the fraction.
4. In a given fraction, if the numerator is multiplied by 2 and the denominator is reduced by 5, we
6
get . But if the numerator of the given fraction is increased by 8 and the denominator is
5
2
doubled, we get . Find the fraction.
5
5. The denominator of a fraction is greater than its numerator by 11. If 8 is added to both its
1
numerator and denominator, it reduces to . Find the fraction.
3

II. AGE RELATED QUESTIONS

1. Ten years hence, a man’s age will be twice the age of his son. Ten years ago, man was four times
as old as his son. Find their present ages.

2. A man’s age is three times the sum of the ages of his two sons. After 5 years his age will be
twice the sum of the ages of his two sons. Find the age of the man.

3. If twice the son’s age in years is added to the mother’s age, the sum is 70 years. But if twice the
mother’s age is added to the son’s age, the sum is 95 years. Find the age of the mother and her
son.

4. Five years ago Nuri was thrice old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri will be twice as old as Sonu.
Find the present age of Nuri and Sonu.
5. The present age of a woman is 3 years more than three times the age of her daughter. Three years
hence, the woman’s age will be 10 years more than twice the age of her daughter. Find their
present ages.

6. Two years ago, a man was 5 times as old as his son. Two years later his age will be 8 more than
three times the age of the son. Find the present ages of the man and his son.

7. I am three times as old as my son. Five years later, I shall be two and a half times as old as my
son. How old am I and how old is my son?

8. A and B are friends and their ages differ by 2 years. A’s father D is twice as old as A and B is
twice as old as his sister C. The age of D and C differ by 40 years. Find the ages of A and B.

9. The ages of two friends Ani and Biju differ by 3 years. Ani’s father Dharam is twice as old as
Ani and Biju is twice as old as his sister Cathy. The ages of Cathy and Dharam differ by 30
years. Find the ages of Ani and Biju.

10. Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five years ago, Jacob’s age
was seven times that of his son. What are their present ages?

11. A father is three times as old as his son. In 12 years time, he will be twice as old as his son. Find
their present ages.

III. SPEED, DISTANCE AND TIME RELATED QUESTIONS

1. A boat goes 30 km upstream and 44 km downstream in 10 hours. In 13 hours, it can go 40 km

upstream and 55 km down-stream. Determine the speed of the stream and that of the boat in still
water.

2. Places A and B are 100 km apart on a highway. One car starts from A and another from B at the
same time. If the cars travel in the same direction at different speeds, they meet in 5 hours. If
they travel towards each other, they meet in 1 hour. What are the speeds of the two cars?

3. Points A and B are 90 km apart from each other on a highway. A car starts from A and another
from B at the same time. If they go in the same direction they meet in 9 hours and if they go in
9
opposite directions they meet in hours. Find their speeds.
4

4. A train covered a certain distance at a uniform speed. If the train would have been 10 km/h
faster, it would have taken 2 hours less than the scheduled time. And, if the train were slower by
10 km/h; it would have taken 3 hours more than the scheduled time. Find the distance covered by
the train.

5. Ritu can row downstream 20 km in 2 hours, and upstream 4 km in 2 hours. Find her speed of
rowing in still water and the speed of the current.

6. Roohi travels 300 km to her home partly by train and partly by bus. She takes 4 hours if she
travels 60 km by train and the remaining by bus. If she travels 100 km by train and the remaining
by bus, she takes 10 minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and the bus separately.

Page - 49 -
7. A boat goes 30 km upstream and 44 km downstream in 10 hours. In 13 hours, it can go 40 km
upstream and 55 km down-stream. Determine the speed of the stream and that of the boat in still
water.

8. A man travels 370 km partly by train and partly by car. If he covers 250 km by train and the rest
by car, it takes him 4 hours. But if he travels 130 km by train and the rest by car, he takes 18
minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and that of the car.

9. A boat covers 32 km upstream and 36 km downstream in 7 hours. In 9 hours, it can cover 40 km

upstream and 48 km down-stream. Find the speed of the stream and that of the boat in still water.

10. Two places A and B are 120 km apart on a highway. A car starts from A and another from B at
the same time. If the cars move in the same direction at different speeds, they meet in 6 hours. If
they travel towards each other, they meet in 1 hours 12 minutes. Find the speeds of the two cars.

IV. GEOMETRICAL FIGURES RELATED QUESTIONS

1. The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 square units, if its length is reduced by 5 units and
breadth is increased by 3 units. If we increase the length by 3 units and the breadth by 2 units, the
area increases by 67 square units. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.
2. The length of a room exceeds its breadth by 3 metres. If the length is increased by 3 metres and
the breadth is decreased by 2 metres, the area remains the same. Find the length and the breadth
of the room.
3. The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 8m2, if its length is reduced by 5m and breadth is
increased by 3m. If we increase the length by 3m and the breadth by 2m, the area increases by
74m2. Find the length and the breadth of the rectangle.
4. In a ABC, C = 3B = 2(A + B). Find the angles.
5. Find the four angles of a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD in which A = (2x – 1)0, B = (y + 5)0, C
= (2y + 15)0 and D = (4x – 7)0.
6. The area of a rectangle remains the same if the length is increased by 7m and the breadth is
decreased by 3m. The area remains unaffected if the length is decreased by 7m and the breadth is
increased by 5m. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.
7. The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by 18 degrees. Find them.

8. In a ABC, A = x0, B = (3x – 2)0, C = y0. Also, C – B = 90. Find the three angles.
9. Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose length is 4 m more than its width, is 36 m.
Find the dimensions of the garden.
10. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. Find the angles of the cyclic quadrilateral.

Page - 50 -
V. TIME AND WORK RELATED QUESTIONS
1. 2 men and 7 boys can do a piece of work in 4 days. The same work is done in 3 days by 4 men
and 4 boys. How long would it take one man and one boy to do it alone.

2. 2 women and 5 men can together finish an embroidery work in 4 days, while 3 women and 6
men can finish it in 3 days. Find the time taken by 1 woman alone to finish the work, and also
that taken by 1 man alone.

3. 8 men and 12 boys can finish a piece of work in 10 days while 6 men and 8 boys finish it in 14
days. Find the time taken by one man alone and by one boy alone to finish the work.

4. 8 men and 12 boys can finish a piece of work in 5 days while 6 men and 8 boys finish it in 7
days. Find the time taken by 1 man alone and by 1 boy alone to finish the work.

5. 2 men and 5 boys can do a piece of work in 4 days. The same work is done by 3 men and 6 boys
in 3 days. . Find the time taken by 1 man alone and by 1 boy alone to finish the work.

VI. REASONING BASED QUESTIONS

1. One says, “Give me a hundred, friend! I shall then become twice as rich as you”. The other
replies, “If you give me ten, I shall be six times as rich as you”. Tell me what is the amount of
their (respective) capital?

2. The students of a class are made to stand in rows. If 3 students are extra in a row, there would be
1 row less. If 3 students are less in a row, there would be 2 rows more. Find the number of
students in the class.

3. Yash scored 40 marks in a test, getting 3 marks for each right answer and losing 1 mark for each
wrong answer. Had 4 marks been awarded for each correct answer and 2 marks been deducted
for each incorrect answer, then Yash would have scored 50 marks. How many questions were
there in the test?

4. A part of monthly hostel charges is fixed and the remaining depends on the number of days one
has taken food in the mess. When a student A takes food for 20 days she has to pay Rs 1000 as
hostel charges whereas a student B, who takes food for 26 days, pays Rs 1180 as hostel charges.
Find the fixed charges and the cost of food per day.

5. From a bus stand in Bangalore , if we buy 2 tickets to Malleswaram and 3 tickets to

Yeshwanthpur, the total cost is Rs 46; but if we buy 3 tickets to Malleswaram and 5 tickets to
Yeshwanthpur the total cost is Rs 74. Find the fares from the bus stand to Malleswaram, and to
Yeshwanthpur.

6. The cost of 5 oranges and 3 apples is Rs 35 and the cost of 2 oranges and 4 apples is Rs 28. Find
the cost of an orange and an apple.

7. A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an additional charge for each day
thereafter. Saritha paid Rs 27 for a book kept for seven days, while Susy paid Rs 21 for the book
she kept for five days. Find the fixed charge and the charge for each extra day.

Page - 51 -
8. Meena went to a bank to withdraw Rs 2000. She asked the cashier to give her Rs 50 and Rs 100
notes only. Meena got 25 notes in all. Find how many notes of Rs 50 and Rs 100 she received.

9. The ratio of incomes of two persons is 9 : 7 and the ratio of their expenditures is 4 : 3. If each of
them manages to save Rs 2000 per month, find their monthly incomes.

10. The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed charge together with the charge for the distance
covered. For a distance of 10 km, the charge paid is Rs 105 and for a journey of 15 km, the
charge paid is Rs 155. What are the fixed charges and the charge per km? How much does a
person have to pay for travelling a distance of 25 km?

11. The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for Rs 3800. Later, she buys 3 bats and 5
balls for Rs 1750. Find the cost of each bat and each ball.

12. The cost of 2 pencils and 3 erasers is Rs 9 and the cost of 4 pencils and 6 erasers is Rs 18. Find
the cost of each pencil and each eraser.

13. 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost Rs 50, whereas 7 pencils and 5 pens together cost Rs 46. Find
the cost of one pencil and that of one pen.

14. The students of a class are made to stand in rows. If 4 students are extra in a row, there would be
2 rows less. If 4 students are less in a row, there would be 4 rows more. Find the number of
students in the class.

15. A and B each has some money. If A gives Rs. 30 to B then B will have twice the money left with
A. But if B gives Rs. 10 to A then A will have thrice as much as is left with B. How much money
does each have?

Page - 52 -