Class: 12 Subject: Psychology

Chapter 1. Variations in Psychological Attributes

Multiple Choice Questions
1. The hierarchical model of intelligence consisting of abilities operating at two levels was
proposed by:
a. Arthur Jensen b. Charles Spearman c. Thurstone d. Wechler
2. Sternberg’s experiential intelligence includes:
a. Creative problem solving b. Basic academic skills
c. The ability to manipulate people’s opinion d. The ability to learn from past events
3. Emotional competence refers to:
a. Self-competence to handle behaviour b. Persistence in behaviour
c. Self-monitoring of emotions d. Discrimination of behaviour
4. If an individual has an IQ of 35 and shows difficulty in taking care of himself, he would be
classifies as having:
a. Mild MR b. Severe MR c. Moderate MR d. Profound MR
5. Cognitive Assessment system can be used with people between the age group of:
a. 6-16 years b. 7-18 years c. 8-18 years d. 5-17 years
6. The intelligence of identical twins reared in different environments has been found to be
_________ while that of fraternal twins reared together has been found to be ________.
a. 0.72, 0.60 b. 0.62, 0.60 c. 0.70, 0.62 d. 0.60, 0.72
7. When the IQ of an individual is found to be below ________, he is considered to be
intellectually deficient.
a. 50 b. 70 c. 90 d. 100
8. The notion of contextual intelligence implies that intelligence is a product of:
a. Heredity b. Environment c. Nature d. Experience
9. According to Robert Sternberg, a wrestler like Geeta Phogat or a boxer like Mary Kom would
be high on:
a. Componential intelligence b. Intrapersonal intelligence
c. Contextual intelligence d. Experiential intelligence
10. The skill of speed, minimal moves and mental manipulation are encouraged in ________
intelligence.
a. Technological b. Emotional c. Integrated d. Contextual
11. In ________ tests, items are constructed in a manner that they assess experiences common to
all cultures.
a. Situational b. Culture-fair c. Performance d. Culture-bias
12. The Indian adaptation of the Wechsler Adult Performance intelligence scale was developed
by:
a. R. Samalingasamy b. Uday Shankar c. Pramila Pathak d. M.C. Joshiacc
13. The Russian Psychologist who proposed that culture provides the social context in which
people live, grow and understand the world around them is:
a. Vygotsky b. Wechsler c. Sternberg d. Gardner
14. ________ intelligence is not so valued in many Asian and African societies.
a. Integral b. Technological c. Emotional d. Experiential
15. Ravindra is street smart as he is high on the ability to deal with environmental demands
encountered on a daily basis. He exhibits which type of intelligence according to Robert
Sternberg?
a. Experiential b. Creativity c. Componential d. Contextual
16. The evidence for the genetic influence on intelligence comes from the study of twins. Arrange
the correlation dependent findings in descending order.
a. Fraternal twins reared together
b. Identical twins reared together
c. Brothers, sisters reared togethers
d. Siblings reared apart
e. Identical twins reared in different environments.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a. b, c, a, d, e b. b, c, d, a, e c. b, e, a, c, d d. b, e, c, d, a
17. Highly talented people are sometimes called _______.
a. Superior b. gifted c. Prodigies c. intellectually gifted
18. Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test is an example of _________.
a. Group Test b. Verbal Test c. Non-verbal Test d. Performance Test
19. Which of the following statements are true about creativity?
a. Genetic factors play an important role
b. Nurture affects creativity
c. Creativity involves high emotional intelligences
d. Creativity involves convergent thinking
e. A minimum level of intelligence is required for creativity but beyond that intelligence
does not matter.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a. B, d and e only b. A, b and e only c. A, b and c only d. B, c and e only
20. Who introduced the term Emotional Intelligence?
a. Salovey and Mayer b. Daniel Goleman
c. William Stern d. Robert Sternberg
21. Which of the following is not a facet of integral intelligence?
a. Cognitive capacity b. Social competence
c. Entrepreneurial competence d. Technological proficiency
22. Rohan has just taken a test that is designed to predict his future achievement or performance.
What kind of test has he taken?
a. Aptitude test b. Projective test c. Intelligence test d. Creativity test
23. The two-factor theory is based on which statistical method?
a. Psychometrics b. Factor analysis
c. Experimental designs d. Bayesian statistics
24. Match the features various people In List I with the type of intelligence in List II.
List I (Features of People) List II (Type of Intelligence)
a. Rahul is word-smart as he can create i. Naturalistic intelligence
linguistic images in his mind.
b. Neha can think logically and critically ii. Interpersonal intelligence
as she can manipulate symbols to solve
problems.
c. Mansi understands the feelings of other iii. Linguistic intelligence
people. She has the ability to bond into
a comfortable relationship.
d. Anish recognizes the beauty of different iv. Logical- mathematical
species of flora and fauna. intelligence
Choose the correct answer from the option given below:
a. A-I, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv b.A-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i
c. A-iv, b-iii, c-I, d-ii d. A-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i
25. Match the various theories of intelligence in List I with the psychologists associated with the
same in List II.
List I (Intelligence Theories) List II (Psychologists)
a. Hierarchical model of intelligence i. Louis Thurston
b. Two-factor theory ii. Arther Jensen
c. Theory of primary mental abilities iii. J.P. Guilford
d. Structure of intellect model iv. Charles Spearman
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a. A-iii, b-ii, c-iv, d-I b. A-iv, b-ii, c-iii, d-i
c. A-I, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv d. A-ii, b-iv, c-I, d-iii
26. Which of the following statements are true?
i. Success in life is only associated with intelligence
ii. Alfred Binet proposed the two-Factor theory
iii. The information-processing Approach considers intelligence as an aggregate of
abilities.
iv. Talent and giftedness mean the same thing.
a. I, ii and iii b. Only iii c. I and iii d. None
27. Which of the following is not a part of the primary abilities in the theory proposed by Louis
Thurstone?
a. Spatial relations b. Inter-personal relations
c. Verbal comprehension d. Numerical abilities
28. The result of ________ can be used to remedy cognitive deficits of children with learning
problems.
a. Raven’s Progressive Matrices b. Cognitive assessment system
c. Bhatia’s battery of performance intelligence scale
d. Wechsler’s adult performance intelligence scale
29. ____________ and performance tests help reduce the cultural bias usually associated with
intelligence tests.
a. Non-verbal b. Group c. Individual d. Verbal
30. __________ involves seeking information from a person on a one-to-one basis.
a. Case study b. Self-report c. Interview d. Psychological test
31. In Jensen’s model, Level II represents ________.
a. Emotional competence b. Social competence
c. Cognitive competence d. Associative learning
32. Giftedness from the teacher’s point of view depends on a combination of __________.
a. High ability, high creativity, high commitment
b. High ability, high creativity, high cooperation
c. High ability, high commitment, high talent
d. High ability, high creativity, high dependence
33. Some societies adopt child rearing practices that foster skills of speed, minimal moves and
mental manipulation, promoting a type of behaviour called ________.
a. Integral intelligence b. Technological intelligence
c. Emotional intelligence d. Contextual intelligence
34. Indicate which of the following statements are true-
i. In order to be successful in a particular field, a person must have both aptitude and
interest.
ii. Intelligence by itself ensures creativity.
a. Both are true b. Both are true c. i is true, ii is false d. ii is true, i is false
35. Lea of class VIII is very good at cramming content and producing it on paper. According to
Arthur Jensen, this is an example of _________ learning.
a. Associative b. Cognitive c. Componential d. Memory-based
36. Which of the following is/are not an Aptitude Test?
A. Armed services vocational aptitude battery
B. Group test of intelligence by S.M. Mohsin
C. Generalized Aptitude Test Battery
D. Koh’s block design test
a. A, B and D b. A and B c. A and C d. B and D
37. Who attempted to standardize Binet’s test in Urdu and Punjabi?
a. Mahalanobis b. Long and Mehta c. S.M. Mohsin d. C.H. Rice
38. What is the nature of the Natural Probability Curve of IQ?
a. Parabola b. linear c. Bell-shaped d. Quadrate
39. Indicate which of the following statements are true?
A. Rich nutrition, good family background and quality schooling can help to increase
intelligence.
B. People with similar intelligence may vary widely in their ability to acquire certain
knowledge or skills.
a. Both are true b. Both are false
c. A is true, B is false d. B is true, A is false
40. Emotional competence refers to
a. Self-monitoring emotions b. Self-competence to handle behaviour
c. Discrimination of behaviour d. Persistence in behaviour
41. Match the source to the respective definition of intelligence
Source Definition of intelligence
A. Gardner and I. Intelligence in terms of functionality i.e. its value for
Sternberg adaptation to the environment.
B. Oxford dictionary II. The ability to judge well, understand well and reason
well.
C. Alfred Binet III. Intelligent individuals not only adapt to the
environment but also actively modify or shape it.
D. Wechsler IV. The power of perceiving, learning, understanding and
knowing.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a. A-III, B-II, C-II, D-I
b. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
c. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
d. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
42. Jasleen is high on critical thinking and can manipulate symbols to solve numerical problems.
She is also high on the ability to understand one’s feelings, motives, and desires. Which of the
following intelligences are displayed by Jasleen?
A. Spatial B. Logical-mathematical
C. Interpersonal D. Intrapersonal
a. A and B b. B and C c. A and C d. B and D
43. If a person has the skill of understanding motives, feelings and behaviour of other people,
he/she is said to have
a. Interpersonal intelligence b. Intrapersonal intelligence
c. Linguistic intelligence d. Social intelligence
44. In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason
(R). mark the correct choice.
Assertion (A): situation and circumstances in which one is placed influence one’s behaviour.
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
c. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason is false.
d. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason is true.
45. ___________ involves employing systematic, organized and objective procedures to record
behavioural phenomena occurring naturally in real time.
a. Psychological test b. Self-report c. Observation d. Case study
46. In J.P. Guilford structure of intellect model, ‘content’ refers to _________.
a. Form in which information is processed by the respondent
b. Nature of material or information on which intellectual operation are performed
c. Memory retention d. Divergent production
47. Which statement is NOT true for gifted children
a. Advanced logical thinking, questioning and problem solving beaviour
b. They have remarkable ability in a specific field only
c. Independent and non-conformist thinking
d. High speed in processing information
48. Understanding, discrimination and problem solving are the characteristics 0f ______.
a. Emotional competence b. Social competence
c. Cognitive competence d. Entrepreneurial competence
49. If a person has the skill of understanding the motives feelings and behaviour of other people,
she/he is said to have
a. Interpersonal intelligence b. Intra-personal intelligence
c. Linguistic intelligence d. Abstract intelligence
50. Anirudh is great at math, very logical and organized. Which intelligence does he possess
according to Howard Gardner
a. Musical intelligence b. spatial intelligence
c. Logical-mathematical d. Linguistic intelligence
51. The IQ range for individuals with moderate intellectual deficiency is
a. 55 to 70 b. 35 to 50 c. 90 to 110 d. 20 to 35
52. The correlation between intelligence test scores of identical twins is
A. Higher when they are raised together than when they are raised apart
B. Greater than that for fraternal twins raised together
C. Lower than that for any other blood relatives
D. The same whether they are reared together or apart
Choose the correct option:
a. A and C only
b. B and D only
c. A and B only
d. A and D only
53. What among the following is true for the definition of Buddhi?
A. Skills of mental effort and determined action
B. Skills of influencing others
C. Affective and motivational components
D. Competitiveness
Choose the correct option
a. A and D only b. B and C only c. B and D only d. A and C only
54. According to Vygotsky, higher mental functions such as problem solving and thinking are:
a. Inherited b. Culture produced c. technologically developed d. Acquired
55. Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and Reason®
Read the statements and choose the appropriate option.
Assertion (A): The frequency distribution for the IQ scores tends to approximate a bell-
shaped curve
Reason: Only a few people have either very high of very low scores.
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is false, R is true
d. A is true, R is false.
56. Match List-I with List-II
LIST I LIST II
A. Structure of Intellect Model I. Louis Thurstone
B. PASS model II. J.P. Guilford
C. Theory of Primary mental Abilities III. Arthur Jensen
D. Hierarchical model of intelligence IV. J.P. Das, Naglieri, Kirby
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
a. A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
b. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
c. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
d. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
Read the case given below and answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate option:
This is the story of three students Ruby, Radhika and Shankar who were enrolled in an
Undergraduate Psychology Program in a University. Ruby was the admission officer’s dream. She
was selected for the program as she had perfect entrance test scores, outstanding grades and excellent
letters of recommendation. But when it was time for Ruby to start coming up with ideas of her own,
she disappointed her professors.
On the other hand, Radhika did not meet the admission officer’s expectations. She had good grades
but low entrance exam scores. However, her letter of recommendation described her as a creative
young woman. She could design and implement research work with minimal guidance at college.
Shankar ranked somewhere in between the two students. He was satisfactory on almost every
traditional measure of success. But rather than falling somewhere in the middle of his class at
college, Shankar proved to be an outstanding student. His strength lay in the ability to not only adapt
well to the demands of his new environment but also to modify the environment to suit his needs.
57. Identify the theory of intelligence which best explains the intelligence of all the three students
in the story
58. Identify the type of intelligence Ruby possess
59. Identify the three components of intelligence that Ruby is high on
60. Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion and Reason. Read the statements
and choose the appropriate option.
Assertion A: Shankar is not high in contextual intelligence
Reason R: Shankar was good at adapting well to the demands of his new environment and
modifying the environment to suit his needs.
Options:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, but R is false
d. A is false, but R is true
61. Which of the following statements best describes intelligence?
a. intelligence tests measure an individual’s underlying potential for acquiring skills
b. intelligence is an individual’s preference for engaging in one or more specific activities relative to
others
c. intelligence refers to relatively enduring characteristics of a person that make him or her distinct
from others
d. intelligence is the global capacity to understand the world, think rationally and use available
resources effectively when faced with challenges
62. Which of the following attributes can be predicted by aptitude tests?
a. a person’s unique characteristics b. a person’s ideal mode of behaviour
c. a person’s underlying potential for acquiring skills
d. a person’s preference for engaging in specific activities
63. Which attribute is assessed by determining an individual’s dominant values?
a. intelligence b. personality c. aptitude d. values
64. Which of the following attributes helps us to explain an individual’s behaviour and predict how
he or she will behave in the future?
a. intelligence b. personality c. aptitude d. values
65. Which attribute can help to decide what subjects or courses a student can pursue comfortably and
with pleasure?
a. intelligence b. personality c. aptitude d. interest
66. Which of the following best describes a psychological test?
a. a one-to-one interaction between a psychologist and a client
b. a systematic and objective recording of behavioural phenomena
c. a measure of an individual’s mental and/or behavioural characteristics
d. an in-depth study of an individual’s psychological attributes
67. Which method involves seeking information from a person on a one-to-one basis?
a. psychological test b. interview c. case study d. observation
68. Which of the following is a major problem with observational methods?
a. the observer has little control over the situation
b. the method involves seeking information from a person on a one-to-one basis
c. the method provides factual information about oneself
d. the method involves an in-depth study of an individual’s psychological attributes
69. Which method involves a person providing factual information about herself/himself and/or
opinions, beliefs etc. that they hold?
a. psychological test b. interview c. self-report d. observation
70. Which method involves an in-depth study of an individual in terms of their psychological
attributes, psychological history and context?
a. psychological test b. interview c. case study d. self-report
71. According to the psychometric approach, intelligence is:
a. single factor b. a collection of cognitive abilities
c. a combination of mental operations and problem- solving strategies
d. a product of genetic and environmental factors
72. Spearman’s two-factor theory of intelligence includes:
a. only a general factor b. only specific factor
c. both a general factor and specific factor d. none of the above
73. According to Thurston’s theory of primary abilities, intelligence consists of how many primary
abilities?
a. two b. five c. seven d. ten
74. Jensen’s hierarchical model of intelligence consists of abilities operating at which two levels?
a. Level A and Level B b. Level I and Level II
c. Level X and Level Y d. Level P and Level Q
75. The structure -of-intellect model proposed by Guilford classifies intellectual traits among which
three dimensions?
a. operations, contents and products b. Memory, language and reasoning
c. perception, attention and memory d. intelligence quotient, aptitude and creativity
76. Which type of intelligence is associated with poets and writers?
a. logical-mathematical intelligence b. spatial intelligence
c. interpersonal intelligence d. linguistic intelligence
77. Which type of intelligence is likely to be strong in scientists and Nobel Prize winners?
a. Naturalistic intelligence b. spatial intelligence
c. interpersonal intelligence d. linguistic intelligence
78. Which type of intelligence involves the use of the whole body or portion of it for display or
construction of products and problem solving?
a. Spatial intelligence b. bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
c. intrapersonal intelligence d. musical intelligence
79. Which type of intelligence is associated with the knowledge of one’s internal strength and
limitations and using that knowledge to effectively relate to others?
a. interpersonal intelligence b. linguistic intelligence
c. intrapersonal intelligence d. logical-mathematical intelligence
80. Which type of intelligence is useful in recognizing the beauty of different species of flora and
fauna?
a. naturalistic intelligence b. spatial intelligence c. interpersonal intelligence d. musical intelligence
81. According to Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence, which type of intelligence
involves the analysis of information to solve problems?
a. experiential intelligence b. contextual intelligence
c. componential intelligence d. emotional intelligence
82. Which component of componential intelligence is responsible for learning and acquisition of
ways of doing things?
a. meta component b. performance component
c. knowledge acquisition component d. analytical component
83. According to Sternberg’s theory, which type of intelligence involves using past experiences
creatively to solve novel problems?
a. experiential intelligence b. componential intelligence
c. contextual intelligence d. logical intelligence
84. Contextual intelligence is also known as:
a. street smartness b. emotional intelligence c. creative intelligence d. analytical intelligence
85. Which component of componential intelligence involves planning what to do and how to do it?
a. performance component b. meta component
c. analytical component d. knowledge acquisition component
86. According to the PASS model of intelligence, what are the three functional units to the brain
responsible for intellectual activity?
a. Memory, perception and attention b. arousal/attention, coding/processing and planning
c. verbal, non-verbal and sensory planning d. creative, analytical and practical processing
87. Which functional unit of the brain is responsible for helping a person to focus on relevant aspects
of a problem?
a. arousal/attention b. coding/processing c. planning d. memory
88. Simultaneous processing occurs when a person:
a. remembers information serially b. perceive the relationship among various concepts
c. processes information at an optimal level of arousal d. plans a course of action to reach a target
89. Successive processing is best exemplified by:
a. learning of digits, alphabets, multiplication tables
b. reading a novel and comprehending the plot
c. solving a math problem by visualizing the steps
d. recognizing a familiar face in a crowd
90. Planning is essential to intelligence because it:
a. enables a person to process information at an optimal level of arousal
b. helps a person to focus on relevant aspects of a problem
c. allows a person to think of possible courses of action and evaluate their effectiveness
d. facilitates integration of information into a meaningful pattern for comprehension
91. What is mental age (MA)?
a. a measure of a person’s intellectual development relative to people of her/his age group
b. the biological age from birth
c. a measure of a person’s height relative to people of her/his age group
d. a measure of a person’s weight relative to people of her/his age group
92. What is Intelligence Quotient (IQ)?
a. Mental age multiplied by chronological age
b. chronological age divided by mental age
c. mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100
d. chronological age divided by mental age and multiplied by 100
93. What is the average IQ in the population?
a. 50 b. 75 c. 100 d. 125
94. What does an IQ of 70 indicate?
a. Below average intelligence b. average intelligence
c. above average intelligence d. exceptional talent
95. What is the range of IQ scores for people with normal intelligence?
a. 50-70 b. 70-90 c. 90-110 d. 110-130
96. Who made the pioneering attempt to construct an intelligence test in Hindi in the 1930’s?
A. Mahalanobis b. C.H. Rice c. S.M. Mohsin d. Lond and Mehta
97. Which researcher attempted to standard Binet’s test in Bengali?
a. Mahalanobis b. C.H. Rice c. S.M. Mohsin d. Long and Mehta
98. How many tests of intelligence were listed in the Mental Measurement Handbook prepared by
Long and Mehta?
a. 10 b. 50 c. 75 d. 103
99. Where is the National Library of Educational and psychological Tests located?
a. Delhi b. Mumbai c. Bangalore d. Kolkata
100. What areas are covered in the handbooks published by NLEPT?
a. intelligence, aptitude and personality b. attitudes, interests and intelligence
c. aptitude, personality and attitudes d. intelligence, aptitude, personality, attitudes and interests
101. What is the meaning of the Sanskrit word ‘buddhi’?
a. only cognitive competence c. affective and motivational components
c. mental effort and determination d. none of the above
102. According to the Indian tradition, which of the following competencies are identified as facets of
intelligence?
a. only cognitive capacity b. social and emotional competencies
c. entrepreneurial competence d. all of the above
103. What is emotional intelligence?
a. the feeling side of intelligence b. the ability to process only cognitive information
c. the ability to discriminate among emotions d. none of the above
104. What is Emotional Quotient?
a. a measure of academic achievement b. a measure of emotional intelligence
c. a measure of IQ d. a measure of social competence
105. What are the benefits of improving student’s emotional intelligence?
a. encourage cooperative behaviour and reduces antisocial activities b. reduce academic achievement
c. causes stress and challenges d. none of the above
106. What is aptitude?
a. capacity to acquire knowledge or skill after training b. the preference for a particular activity
c. the potentiality to perform a specific activity
d. the combination of characteristic that indicates an individual’s performance
107. What is the difference between interest and aptitude?
a. interest is a preference for an activity, aptitude is the potentiality to perform that activity
b. interest is the potentiality to perform that activity, aptitude is a preference for an activity
c. interest and aptitude are the same thing d. interest and aptitude have no relationship
108. What are independent aptitude tests?
a. aptitude tests that measure aptitude in several separate but homogenous areas
b. aptitude tests that measure a specific aptitude
c. aptitude tests that are multiple-choice d. aptitude tests that measure creativity
109. What is creativity?
a. the preference for a particular activity
b. the potentiality to perform a specific activity
c. the production of something new and unique
d. the combination of characteristics that indicates an individual’s performance
110. What determines creativity?
a. only heredity b. only environmental factors
c. both heredity and environmental factors d. creativity is not determined
111. What is the primary difference between creativity tests and intelligence tests?
a. creativity tests assess convergent thinking, while intelligence tests assess divergent thinking
b. creativity tests are open-ended while intelligence tests have specific answers
c. creativity tests assess memory, logical reasoning and accuracy, while intelligence tests assess
spontaneity, originality and imagination
d. creativity tests focus on assessing general creative thinking abilities, while intelligence tests
measure creativity in specific areas
112. What is the relationship between intelligence and creativity?
a. there is a negative correlation between intelligence and creativity
b. intelligence and creativity have no correlation
c. intelligence and creativity have a positive correlation up to a certain point
d. there is a positive correlation between intelligence and creativity, with no limitation
113. Which abilities are assessed in creativity tests?
a. memory, logical reasoning, and accuracy b. spontaneity, originality and imagination
c. ability to produce a variety of ideas and see new relationship between seemingly unrelated things
d. ability to find the right solution to the problem
114. Which of the following is true about Terman’s research on intelligence and creativity?
a. it found that persons with high IQ were always creative
b. it found that creative ideas only came from persons who had a very high IQ
c. it found that not even one of those identifies as gifted became well-known for creativity in some
field
d. it found that intelligence always ensured creativity
115. What is the purpose of creativity tests?
a. to assess variations in intelligence b. to measure creativity in specific areas
c. to assess the potential for creativity d. to assess convergent thinking