AP Precalculus

Name: ______________________________ Date:________________ Period: _____ 3A Review

Unit 3A Review – Trigonometric and Polar Functions
Reviews do NOT cover all material from the lessons but will hopefully remind you of key points. To be prepared, you
must study all packets for lessons 3.1 – 3.7.

1. The graph below shows one period of a periodic function. Sketch the rest of the graph on the given axes.




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x


a. Is the function above increasing, decreasing or both on the interval 20 𝑥 24.

20 𝑥 24 is the same as 4 𝑥 8 on this

periodic function. Therefore, it is INCREASING.

The measurement of an angle in standard position is listed. In which quadrant is the terminal ray?
2. 6.6𝜋 3. 2.3𝜋

6.6𝜋 6𝜋 0.6𝜋 2.3𝜋 4𝜋 1.7𝜋

Quadrant II Quadrant IV

Below are various measurements of a circle’s radius, an angle within the circle, or the arc subtended by the
angle. SKETCH the approximate angle on the axes and find the missing value.
4. Radius is 8.2 and the length of an arc subtended by an 5. Radius is 5.27 and an angle is 0.56𝜋 radians. Find the
angle is 37.63. Find the measure of the angle. length of the arc subtended by the angle.

© The Algebros from FlippedMath.com

6. An angle is 3.56 radians and the length of an arc subtended by the angle is 5.2. What is the radius of the circle?

Each figure below gives a circle in the 𝒙𝒚-plane with center at the origin, and an angle 𝜽 in standard
position. Find the value of each expression.
7. 8.
1

0.95, 0.312
0.5
𝜃 8, 0 𝛼
1 0.5 0.5 1

0.5

3.1, 7.375 1

7.375
a. sin 𝜃 𝟎. 𝟗𝟐𝟏𝟖 a. sin 𝛼 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟐
8

3.1 b. cos 𝛼 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓
b. cos 𝜃 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟕𝟓
8

0.312
7.375
c. tan 𝛼 𝟎. 𝟑𝟐𝟖
0.95
c. tan 𝜃 𝟐. 𝟑𝟕𝟗
3.1

Find the value of each expression. Do not look back at the Unit Circle for help!
9. cos 𝜋 10. sin 11. cos 12. cos 13. sin 14. cos

© The Algebros from FlippedMath.com

For each problem, an angle in standard position in the 𝒙𝒚-plane is given in radians. A circle is centered at the
origin with the given radius. What are the coordinates of the point of intersection of the terminal ray of the angle
and the circle?
15. 𝜃 ,𝑟 6 16. 𝜃 ,𝑟 10

In the 𝒙𝒚-plane, the terminal ray of angle 𝜽 in standard position intersects a circle of radius 𝒓 at the given point.
What are the values of 𝜽 and 𝒓, with 𝟎 𝜽 𝟐𝝅?
17. √3, 1 18. 6, 6√3

The function 𝒇 is given by 𝒇 𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽. Describe the concavity of 𝒇 on the interval, and if 𝒇 is increasing or
decreasing on the interval.
19. 𝜃 𝜋 20. 𝜃 2𝜋

Concave down
Concave up Increasing
Decreasing

The function 𝒇 is given by 𝒇 𝜽 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽. Describe the concavity of 𝒇 on the interval, and if 𝒇 is increasing or
decreasing on the interval.
21. 0 𝜃 22. 𝜋 𝜃

Concave down Concave up

Increasing Decreasing

© The Algebros from FlippedMath.com

Write the given function for each graph. Use a positive coefficient for all equations.
23. Write a sine function. 24. Write a cosine function. 25. Write a sine function.
y y y

  
  
 x
 
x

            

       
            
 
  
 

𝑦 ______________________ 𝑦 ______________________ 𝑦 ______________________

State the amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift.

26. 𝑦 3 cos 5𝑥 𝜋 27. 𝑦 sin 4𝑥 2

Amp: _______ Period: _______

Amp: _______ Period: _______
Midline: _____________ Freq: _______
Midline: _____________ Freq: _______
Max value: _______ Min value: _______
Max value: _______ Min value: _______
Phase shift: ______________
Phase shift: ______________

Graph each function on the given set of axes.

28. 𝑦 2 cos 𝑥 29. 𝑦 3 sin 2𝑥 1

30. 𝑦 3 sin 𝜋 31. 𝑦 2 cos 2𝑥 𝜋 1

© The Algebros from FlippedMath.com

32. Suppose you are riding a Ferris wheel. After everyone is loaded, the wheel starts to turn, and the ride lasts
for 105 seconds. Your height ℎ (in feet) above the ground at any time 𝑡 (in seconds) can be modeled by
the equation ℎ 𝑡 50 sin 𝑡 4 65. You do not need a calculator for any question except the
last two.
a. What is the period?

b. What does the period represent?

It takes 20 seconds to make one full rotation.

c. What is the frequency?

d. What does the frequency represent? The ride makes of a rotation every second.

e. What is your maximum height?

f. What is your minimum height?

g. How many circles will the Ferris Wheel make during the ride?

h. Calculator active. How high are you when the ride begins?

i. Calculator acctive. What is your height when the ride stops?

33. The following data set can be modeled by a sinusoidal function. Use the data to answer each problem below.

𝒙 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
𝒇 𝒙 16 2 10 1 18 21 40 52 37 29

𝒙 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
𝒇 𝒙 12 2 11 4 17 22 38 49 39 26

a. Estimate the period and b. Estimate the vertical shift c. Estimate the amplitude.
frequency. (midline).

Period: 10
up 20 30
Frequency:

d. Using the above information, create a sinusoidal function model.

𝑓 𝑥 30 sin 𝑥 4.5 20 or 𝑓 𝑥 30 cos 𝑥 7 20

e. Using a calculator, find a sinusoidal model from the given data set. Your answer should look similar to your
estimate in part d.
𝑓 𝑥 25.683 sin 0.636𝑥 2.903 19.899

© The Algebros from FlippedMath.com