ENGINNERING MECHANICS: DYNAMICS

Dynamics is the branch of mechanics which deals with the study of bodies in motion.

Branches of Dynamics

 Kinematics is the geometry in motion. This term is used to define the motion of a particle
or body without consideration of the forces causing the motion.
 Kinetics is the branch of mechanics that relates the force acting on a body to its mass and
acceleration.

Section 1: Kinematics

Motion Time Graphs

3.5 3.5

3 3
v=lim x ( t ) a=lim v ( t )

Displaceme
2.5 t→0 2.5 t →0

nt
2 2
∆x ∆v
1.5 v ave = a ave =
∆ t 1.5 ∆t
1 1

0.5 0.5

0 time(t) 0 time(t)
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Rectilinear Motion: Rectilinear motion is the motion of an object along a straight-line path. In
this type of motion, the object moves in only one dimension (either forward or backward along a
single axis).

Based onthe graph above we can derive changes of Motions withrespect ¿ time as :

dx
v=
dt

dv
a=
dt

dv dx dv dx
@ ∆ a=0 , a= is evaluated ¿ the equation @ ∆ a=0 , v= is evaluated ¿ the equation
@ ∆ a=0 , = is evaluated ¿ the equation
dt v a dt

v t
dx dv dx
∫ dv=∫ adt @ ∆ a=0 evaluated ¿ ; = evaluated ¿ ; =v
v a dt
0 0 x v

v=at
x v
∫ dx=¿∫ vdt @∆ a=0 ¿
∫ adx=¿∫ vdv @ ∆ a=0 ¿ 0 0
0 0
v−v 0 =at x v

ax=
v
2
∫ dx=¿∫ ( v 0 + at ) dt ¿
v=v 0 + at 0 0
2 2
at
x=v 0+
2 ax=v
2 2
2
at
2 2 x−x 0=v 0 +
2 ax=v −v o 2
2 2 2
v =v o +2 ax at
x−x 0=v 0 +
2
2
at
x=x 0 + v 0 +
2
Note that: In kinematics, the initial direction of motion is defined as positive. This convention
applies to displacement (x), velocity (v), and acceleration (a) as follows: