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Real-time operating system

A Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) is designed for applications that require immediate processing of data without delays, with strict time constraints for task execution. RTOS features include priority-based scheduling, modular task development, and efficient memory management, while types include Hard, Firm, and Soft Real-Time systems. Applications range from medical systems to multimedia, but drawbacks include limited multitasking capabilities and high resource consumption.

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32 views

Real-time operating system

A Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) is designed for applications that require immediate processing of data without delays, with strict time constraints for task execution. RTOS features include priority-based scheduling, modular task development, and efficient memory management, while types include Hard, Firm, and Soft Real-Time systems. Applications range from medical systems to multimedia, but drawbacks include limited multitasking capabilities and high resource consumption.

Uploaded by

gaeisma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Real-time operating system

(RTOS): Components, Types,


Examples
Presented by: Inst. Leonardo Antivo
Real-time operating system (RTOS)

is an operating system intended to serve real time


application that process data as it comes in, mostly
without buffer delay. The full form of RTOS is Real time
operating system.
Real-time operating system (RTOS)

In a RTOS, Processing time requirement are calculated in


tenths of seconds increments of time. It is time-bound
system that can be defined as fixed time constraints. In
this type of system, processing must be done inside the
specified constraints. Otherwise, the system will fail.
Why use an RTOS?
Here are important reasons for using RTOS:

● It offers priority-based scheduling, which allows you to separate analytical


processing from non-critical processing.
● The Real time OS provides API functions that allow cleaner and smaller
application code.
● Abstracting timing dependencies and the task-based design results in fewer
interdependencies between modules.
● RTOS offers modular task-based development, which allows modular
task-based testing.
● The task-based API encourages modular development as a task, will typically
have a clearly defined role. It allows designers/teams to work independently on
their parts of the project.
● An RTOS is event-driven with no time wastage on processing time for the event
which is not occur
Components of RTOS
Components of Real Time Operating System

The Scheduler: This component of RTOS tells that in which order, the tasks can
be executed which is generally based on the priority.

Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP): It is a number of multiple different tasks


that can be handled by the RTOS so that parallel processing can be done.

Function Library: It is an important element of RTOS that acts as an interface


that helps you to connect kernel and application code. This application allows you
to send the requests to the Kernel using a function library so that the application
can give the desired results.
Components of Real Time Operating System

Memory Management: this element is needed in the system to allocate memory


to every program, which is the most important element of the RTOS.

Fast dispatch latency: It is an interval between the termination of the task that
can be identified by the OS and the actual time taken by the thread, which is in
the ready queue, that has started processing.

User-defined data objects and classes: RTOS system makes use of


programming languages like C or C++, which should be organized according to
their operation.
Types of RTOS
Three types of RTOS systems are:

Hard Real Time


In Hard RTOS, the deadline is handled very strictly which means that given task must
start executing on specified scheduled time, and must be completed within the
assigned time duration.

Example: Medical critical care system, Aircraft systems, etc.

Firm Real time


These type of RTOS also need to follow the deadlines. However, missing a deadline
may not have big impact but could cause undesired affects, like a huge reduction in
quality of a product.

Example: Various types of Multimedia applications.


Types of RTOS

Soft Real Time

Soft Real time RTOS, accepts some delays by the Operating system. In this
type of RTOS, there is a deadline assigned for a specific job, but a delay for
a small amount of time is acceptable. So, deadlines are handled softly by
this type of RTOS.

Example: Online Transaction system and Livestock price quotation System.


Terms used in RTOS

Here, are essential terms used in RTOS:

● Task – A set of related tasks that are jointly able to provide some system
functionality.
● Job – A job is a small piece of work that can be assigned to a processor, and that
may or may not require resources.
● Release time of a job – It’s a time of a job at which job becomes ready for
execution.
● Execution time of a job: It is time taken by job to finish its execution.
Terms used in RTOS

● Deadline of a job: It’s time by which a job should finish its execution.
● Processors: They are also known as active resources. They are important
for the execution of a job.
● Maximum It is the allowable response time of a job is called its relative
deadline.
● Response time of a job: It is a length of time from the release time of a job
when the instant finishes.
● Absolute deadline: This is the relative deadline, which also includes its
release time.
Features of RTOS

Here are important features of RTOS:

● Occupy very less memory


● Consume fewer resources
● Response times are highly predictable
● Unpredictable environment
● The Kernel saves the state of the interrupted task ad then determines
which task it should run next.
● The Kernel restores the state of the task and passes control of the
CPU for that task.
Factors for selecting an RTOS

Here, are essential factors that you need to consider for selecting RTOS:

● Performance: Performance is the most important factor required to be considered


while selecting for a RTOS.
● Middleware: if there is no middleware support in Real time operating system, then the
issue of time-taken integration of processes occurs.
● Error-free: RTOS systems are error-free. Therefore, there is no chance of getting an
error while performing the task.
● Embedded system usage: Programs of RTOS are of small size. So we widely use
RTOS for embedded systems.
● Maximum Consumption: we can achieve maximum Consumption with the help of
RTOS.
● Task shifting: Shifting time of the tasks is very less.
● Unique features: A good RTS should be capable, and it has some extra features like
how it operates to execute a command, efficient protection of the memory of the
system, etc.
● 24/7 performance: RTOS is ideal for those applications which require to run 24/7.
Difference between in GPOS and RTOS

Here are important differences between GPOS and RTOS:

General-Purpose Operating System (GPOS) Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)

It used for desktop PC and laptop. It is only applied to the embedded application.

Process-based Scheduling. Time-based scheduling used like round-robin


scheduling.

Interrupt latency is not considered as important as in Interrupt lag is minimal, which is measured in a few
RTOS. microseconds.

No priority inversion mechanism is present in the The priority inversion mechanism is current. So it can
system. not modify by the system.

Kernel’s operation may or may not be preempted. Kernel’s operation can be preempted.

Priority inversion remain unnoticed No predictability guarantees


Applications of Real Time Operating System

Real-time systems are used in:

● Airlines reservation system.


● Air traffic control system.
● Systems that provide immediate updating.
● Used in any system that provides up to date and minute
information on stock prices.
● Defense application systems like RADAR.
● Networked Multimedia Systems
● Command Control Systems
● Internet Telephony
● Anti-lock Brake Systems
● Heart Pacemaker
Disadvantages of RTOS

Here, are drawbacks/cons of using RTOS system:

● RTOS system can run minimal tasks together, and it concentrates only on
those applications which contain an error so that it can avoid them.
● RTOS is the system that concentrates on a few tasks. Therefore, it is really
hard for these systems to do multi-tasking.
● Specific drivers are required for the RTOS so that it can offer fast response
time to interrupt signals, which helps to maintain its speed.
● Plenty of resources are used by RTOS, which makes this system
expensive.
● The tasks which have a low priority need to wait for a long time as the
RTOS maintains the accuracy of the program, which are under execution.
● Minimum switching of tasks is done in Real time operating systems.
● It uses complex algorithms which is difficult to understand.
● RTOS uses lot of resources, which sometimes not suitable for the system.
Summary
Here, are drawbacks/cons of using RTOS system:

● RTOS system can run minimal tasks together, and it concentrates only on
those applications which contain an error so that it can avoid them.
● RTOS is the system that concentrates on a few tasks. Therefore, it is
really hard for these systems to do multi-tasking.
● Specific drivers are required for the RTOS so that it can offer fast
response time to interrupt signals, which helps to maintain its speed.
● Plenty of resources are used by RTOS, which makes this system
expensive.
● The tasks which have a low priority need to wait for a long time as the
RTOS maintains the accuracy of the program, which are under execution.
● Minimum switching of tasks is done in Real time operating systems.
● It uses complex algorithms which is difficult to understand.
● RTOS uses lot of resources, which sometimes not suitable for the system.

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