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MATHEMATICS
FIRST QUARTER – MODULE 4
THE SUM AND THE PRODUCT OF
ROOTS OF QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS

Laboratory High School |

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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
describe the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of quadratic
equation. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order
in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.

The module has one lesson:

Lesson 1 – The Sum and the Product of Roots of a Quadratic Equation After

going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of

quadratic equation.

What I Know

Directions: In this part, you will find out how much you already know about
the lesson in this module. Read the items carefully and choose the letter of
your answer. Use a separate answer sheet.

1. Determine the values of a, b, c of the quadratic equation 2x 2 – 3x = 20.

A. a=2, b=3, c=20 C. a=2, b=-3, c=-20
B. a=2, b=-3, c=20 D. a=-2, b=-3, c=-20

2. Which of the following shows the relationship between the coefficients and the sum
of the roots of quadratic equation?
A. B. C. D.

3. Which of the following shows the relationship between the coefficient and the
product of the roots of quadratic equation?
A. B. C. D.

4. Given the quadratic equation 4x2 – 4x + 10 = 0, which mathematical expression

shows the sum of the roots?

A. B. C. D.

5. Evaluate:

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A. B. C. 4 D. -4

6. What is the sum of the roots of 4x2 – 8x + 21 = 0?

A. B. C. -2 D. 2

7. Find the product of the roots of (x – 8)(x + 4) = 0.

A. -2 B. 2 C. -32 D. 32

8. Which is true about the product of the roots of a quadratic equation when a=1?
A. The product cannot be determined.
B. The product is the negative of the constant.
C. The product is equal to the constant.
D. They have no relationship.

9. If the sum and product of the roots of quadratic equation are and , what is the
value of the coefficient of a?
A. -2 B. 4 C. 3 D. 12

10. Determine the quadratic equation if the sum and product of its roots are -6 and -
27 respectively.
A. x2 – 6x – 27 = 0 C. x2 + 6x + 27 = 0
B. x + 6x – 27 = 0
2 D. x2 – 6x + 27 = 0

11. Find the quadratic equation if the roots are -9 and 7.

A. x2 – 16x + 63 = 0 C. x2 + 2x – 63 = 0
B. x2 + 16x – 63 = 0 D. x2 – 2x + 63 = 0

12. The product of the roots of a quadratic equation is 21. What could be the equation
if one of its roots is -7?
A. x2 – 10x – 21 = 0 C. x2 – 10x + 21 = 0
B. x + 10x + 21 = 0
2 D. x2 + 10x – 21 = 0

13. A rectangular board has an area of 165 ft2 and a perimeter of 52 ft. What is the
equation that describe the area in terms of its width?
A. w2 – 26w – 165 = 0 C. w2 + 26w + 165 = 0
B. w2 + 26w – 165 = 0 D. w2 – 26w + 165 = 0

14. The sum and the product of two consecutive numbers are 31 and 240 respectively.
What is the smaller number?
A. 11 B. 13 C. 15 D. 17

15. The area of a rectangular garden is 50 ft 2. What is the length of the garden
if its perimeter is 30 ft?
A. 5 ft B. 10 ft C. -5 ft D. -10ft

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Lesson The Sum and the Product of

1 Roots of Quadratic
Equations
This module is about describing the relationship between the coefficients and the
roots of quadratic equation. As you go over the activities, discussion and exercises,
you will know more about how coefficients and roots are related and how you can
determine the sum and product of the roots of quadratic equation by using these
relationships. You will also learn to how to write the quadratic equation given the
roots or the sum and the product of roots.

What’s In

Activity 1: Remember me this way

A. Perform the indicated operation and then answer the questions that
follow.

1. 7 + 13 = _________ 6. = __________

2. + 9= _________ 7. (-7)(-3)= __________

3. = _______ 8. (2) (-12)=__________

4. = ________ 9.

5. = ________ = ________

Question:

a. How did you determine the result of each operation?

b. What mathematical concepts and principle did you apply to arrive at
each result?

B. Determine the values of a, b and c of the following quadratic equations

and answer the questions that follow.

1. x2 – 6x + 8 = 0 a= _____ b= ____ c= ____

2. x2 – 9 = 0 a= _____ b= ____ c= ____
3. x(x – 4)= 4 a= _____ b= ____ c= ____

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4. (x + 5) ( x – 9)= 0 a= _____ b= ____ c= ____
5. (2x – 3)2 = 0 a= _____ b= ____ c= ____

Questions:

a. Are all given quadratic equations in standard form?

b. If no, what did you do to write the equations into its standard form?
c. Is it important to write the quadratic equations into its
standard form? Why or why not?

What’s New

Activity 2: a, b, c sum times

Consider the following quadratic equations below and answer the questions.

1. 3x2 + 5x + 4 = 0 3. 2x2 + 8x – 10 = 0
2. 2x2 – 3x + 20=0 4. x2 = -2x + 7

Guide Questions: (Write your answers on a separate sheet.)

1. Are the equations written in standard form?

2. What are the values of a, b, and c in each equation?
3. Determine the roots of each quadratic equation using the quadratic formula.
4. Writing the standard form of the equation is one way of organizing data. Why
is it important to organize not just in math related activities but also in real
life?

What is It

Organizing can help us in looking at the bigger picture and analyzing. Let’s take two
more quadratic equations and use a table to organize information.

1. 6x2 – 5x + 1 = 0
2. 12x2 – 5x – 2 = 0

Using a table will help us to clearly see the relationship between coefficients and
roots.

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Coefficients Roots Sum Product
a b c x1 x2
6x2– 5x + 1 = 0 6 -5 1

12x2 – 5x – 2=0 12 -5 -2

What do you observe about the sum and the product of the roots of each quadratic
equation in relation to the values of a, b, and c?

Let’s dig deeper. Were you able to relate the sum and product of the roots to its
coefficients? If you did, congratulations! You’ve done well. Let’s take a closer look.

value of b (negative of -5 is 5) and the denominator 6 is equal to the value of a.

For the product of the roots, the numerator 1 is equal to the value of c and the
denominator 6 is equal to the value of a.

the value of b (negative of -5 is 5) and the denominator 12 is equal to the value

of a.

For the product of the roots, the numerator -2 is equal to the value of c and the
denominator 12 is equal to the value of a.

We can conclude that:

-𝑏
The sum of roots of quadratic equation is .
𝑎
𝑐
The product of the roots of quadratic equation is
𝑎
.

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Will we be able to determine the sum and product of roots of quadratic equation from
only the values a, b, and c?

LET’S TRY.

Find the sum and product of the roots of 2x 2 + 8x – 10 = 0.

Solution:

First, we need to determine the values of the coefficients.

a= 2 b= 8 c= -10

Sum:-

By substitution.

= -4 Simplify: .

Product:

By substitution.

= -5 Simplify: .

Do you know that you can write quadratic equation given the roots? Yes, you.
And yes you can. Check out the examples below.

Write a quadratic equation given the roots 5 & -2.

(x – 5)(x + 2) = 0 Write the roots into factor form. Be careful here and look
closely how the root 5 is written as (x – 5) and the root -2 is
written (x + 2).

x2 + 2x – 5x – 10 = 0 Multiply the factors or use FOIL method.

x2 – 3x – 10 = 0 Simplify.

The quadratic equation of the roots 5 & -2 is x2 – 3x – 10 = 0 We can also

determine the quadratic equation given the sum and product of the roots.

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Example: Given the sum and product of the roots, write the quadratic equation.

a. sum = 8, product = 12
b. sum = 4/7 , product – 3/49

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What’s More
Activity 3: My Sum and my Product.

Directions: Determine the sum and the product of the roots of each quadratic
equation. Write your answers on a separate sheet.

1. x2 + 6x + 5 = 0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

2. 2x2 + 3x – 5 = 0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

3. x2 – 16 = 0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

4. 4x2 – 81 =0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

5. x2 + 3x – 10 = 0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

6. 12 + x – 6x2 = 0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

7. -14 + 9x – x2 = 0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

8. + 4x + 9 = 0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

9. (2x + 3) (3x – 1) = 0 sum: _____________ product: ______________

10. x + 15 = 6x2 sum: _____________ product: ______________

What I Can Do

Your goal in this section is to apply your learning to real life situations. Read
the situation carefully and answer the questions that follow. Write your
answer on a separate sheet.

A rectangular garden has an area of 132 m2 and a perimeter of 46m.

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A = 132 m
w

l
1. Write the expression representing the length in terms of its width. (P = 2l +
2w)

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2. What equation would describe the area of the garden? Write the equation in
terms of the width of the garden.(A = lw)
3. What can you say about the equation formulated in item 2?
4. Find the roots of the equation formulated in item 2.
5. What is the sum of the roots? How is this related to perimeter?
6. What is the product of the roots? How is this related to the area?
7. If you are to decide what to plant, what will you plant in the garden? In what
way can having a garden help you and the environment?
8. How can gardening help in the problem of the growing population?

Assessment

Summative Test
Directions: Read the items carefully. Choose the letter of your answer and
write it on a separate answer sheet.

1. Which of the following shows the relationship between the coefficients and the
sum of the roots of quadratic equation?

A. B. C. D.

2. In the quadratic equation 6x2 + 7x – 2 = 0, which mathematical expression

shows the sum of the roots?

A. B. C. D.

3. Evaluate:
A. B. C. 7 D. -7

4. What is the product of the roots of 4x2 – 8x – 21 = 0?

A. B. C. -2 D. 2

5. Find the product of the roots of x (x + 4) = 0.

A. -4 B. 0 C. 4 D. 12

6. If the sum and product of the roots of quadratic equation are and , what
is the value of the coefficient of b?
A. -2 B. 4 C. -5 D. 3

7. Determine the equation if the sum and product of its roots are 6 and 7
respectively.
A. x2 – 6x – 7 = 0 C. x2 + 6x + 7 = 0

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B. x2 + 6x – 7 = 0 D. x2 – 6x + 7 = 0
8. Find the quadratic equation if the roots are -2 and -3.
A. x2 + 5x + 6 = 0 C. x2 + 5x – 6 = 0
B. x + 5x – 6 = 0
2 D. x2 – 5x – 6 = 0

9. The product of the roots of a quadratic equation is 21. What could be the
equation if one of its roots is -7?
A. x2 – 10x – 21 = 0 C. x2 – 10x + 21 = 0
B. x + 10x + 21 = 0
2 D. x2 + 10x – 21 = 0

10. A rectangular board has an area of 165 ft2 and a perimeter of 52 ft. What is
the equation that describe the area in terms of its width?
A. w2 – 26w – 165 = 0 C. w2 + 26w + 165 = 0
B. w2 + 26w – 165 = 0 D. w2 – 26w + 165 = 0

For # 11 – 15. Problem:Anna wants to make a wooden rectangular frame with

an area of 280 in2 and a perimeter of 34 in. What should be the dimension of
the frame?

11. What expression represents the length when written in terms of its width?
A. l = 17 – w C. 2l = 34 – w
B. 34= 2l – 2w D. l = -w – 17

12. What equation represents the area of the frame in terms of its width?
A. w2 + 17w – 280 = 0 C. w2 – 17w + 280 = 0
B. w + 34w – 280 = 0
2 D. w2 + 34w – 280 = 0

13. What is the relationship of the sum of roots of the equation in #12 to the
given perimeter?
A. The sum of roots and the perimeter are equal.
B. The sum of roots is twice the perimeter.
C. The sum of roots is half the perimeter.
D. The sum of roots is the negative of one half the perimeter.

14. What is the relationship of the product of the roots of the equation in #12 to
the given area?
A. The sum of roots and the area are equal.
B. The sum of roots is twice the area.
C. The sum of roots is half the area.
D. The sum of roots is the negative of one half the area.

15. What should be the dimension of the frame?

A. 14 in by 20 in C. 10 in by 24 in
B. 15 in by 19 in D. 9 in by 25 in

References
Deped Learner’s Material for Mathematics Grade 9 Module 1 Lesson 3: The Nature
of the Roots of a Quadratic EquatioN

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