ADAMSON UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

STAIR DETAILS AND MATERIALS

Bamba, Roliegh Keith E.

202216097
Types of Stairs:

Straight, L-shaped, U-shaped, spiral, and circular stairs each have unique design
implications and space requirements.

Straight Stairs: Simple and efficient, ideal for limited spaces.

L-shaped Stairs: These stairs change direction at a landing, making them suitable for
corners.

U-shaped Stairs: Featuring two parallel flights with a landing in between, they are
often used in larger spaces.
Spiral Stairs: Compact and visually striking, these stairs are ideal for tight spaces and
can serve as a design feature.

Circular Stairs: Similar to spiral stairs but with a wider radius, offering a more
spacious feel.

Dimensions and Measurements:

The total rise, total run, tread depth, and riser height are
critical for ensuring comfort and safety. The general rule
is that the sum of two riser heights and one tread depth
should equal 24 to 25 inches.
Riser Height: Typically between 7 to 8 inches for
comfort.
Tread Depth: Generally 10 to 12 inches, ensuring
enough space for foot placement.

Landing Size: Should be at least as wide as the stairs

and a minimum of 36 inches deep,

Landing Requirements:

Landings are essential for safety and accessibility, especially at the top and bottom of
staircases.

A stair landing is a flat, horizontal surface

that provides a transition between different
flights of stairs or between a flight of stairs
and a floor.

Safety: Landings provide a safe area for

users to pause, change direction, or prepare
to ascend or descend.

Accessibility: They facilitate easier access

for individuals with mobility challenges.

Types of Landings

Top Landing: Located at the top of a flight of stairs, connecting the stairs to the upper
floor.
Bottom Landing: Found at the base of the stairs, connecting to the lower floor.

Intermediate Landing: Positioned between two flights of stairs, often used in

L-shaped or U-shaped stair designs.

Turn Landing: Used in spiral or circular staircases, allowing for a change in

direction.

Width: Landings should be at least as wide as the stairs they serve. For residential
stairs, a minimum width of 36 inches is common.
Depth: The depth of a landing should be at least 36 inches to provide adequate space
for users to stand and maneuver.
Riser Height: The height of the landing should be level with the adjacent floor or the
next flight of stairs.

Materials Used in Stairs

Treads and Risers:

Common materials include wood, metal, concrete, and composite materials. Each material
has different durability, maintenance, and aesthetic qualities.

Stringers and Handrails:

Stringers can be made from wood or metal, while handrails should be sturdy and comfortable
to grip, often made from wood, metal, or glass.

Balusters and Other Components:

Balusters can vary in design and material, impacting
both safety and aesthetics. Considerations for spacing
and height are crucial for safety.

1. Wood
Warm and inviting appearance
Available in various species (e.g., oak, maple, cherry,
pine).
Can be stained or painted to match interior decor.
Advantages:
-Easy to work with and can be custom-designed.
-Provides good insulation and sound absorption.
-Can be refinished if scratched or worn.
Common Applications:
-Residential homes, especially in traditional and contemporary designs.
-Interior staircases where aesthetics are a priority.

2. Metal

Characteristics:
Common metals include steel, aluminum, and wrought iron.
Can be finished in various ways (e.g., powder-coated, galvanized).

Advantages:
Extremely durable and resistant to wear and tear.
Fire-resistant and can support heavy loads.
Offers a modern, industrial look.
Common Applications:
Commercial buildings, warehouses, and outdoor staircases.
Spiral and open-riser designs where visibility is desired.

3. Concrete

Characteristics:
Solid and heavy material, often used for structural support.
Can be poured in place or precast.
Advantages:
Very durable and low maintenance.
Fire-resistant and can withstand heavy foot traffic.
Can be finished with various textures and colors.
Common Applications:
Outdoor stairs, especially in public spaces and commercial buildings.
Modern residential designs where a minimalist aesthetic is desired.

4. Composite Materials

Characteristics:
Made from a combination of wood fibers and plastic.
Designed to mimic the appearance of wood while offering enhanced durability.
Advantages:
Resistant to moisture, rot, and insects.
Low maintenance compared to traditional wood.
Available in various colors and finishes.
Common Applications:
Outdoor staircases, especially in decks and patios.
Residential settings where durability and aesthetics are important.

5. Glass

Characteristics:
Often used in combination with metal or wood for handrails or treads.
Can be clear, frosted, or tinted.
Advantages:
Provides a modern and elegant look.
Allows for natural light to flow through spaces.
Easy to clean and maintain.
Common Applications:
Contemporary homes and commercial spaces where a sleek design is desired.
Balustrades and railings for open staircases.
6. Stone

Characteristics:
Natural materials such as granite, marble, or limestone.
Offers a luxurious and timeless appearance.
Advantages:
Extremely durable and can last for decades.
Resistant to heat and moisture.
Unique patterns and colors due to natural variations.
Common Applications:
High-end residential and commercial buildings.
Outdoor staircases in gardens or public spaces.

7. Carpet

Characteristics:
Soft material that can be installed over various substrates.
Available in a wide range of colors, patterns, and textures.

Advantages:
Provides comfort and warmth underfoot.
Reduces noise and provides slip resistance.
Can be easily replaced or updated.
Common Applications:
Residential staircases, especially in homes with children or elderly residents.
Commercial spaces where comfort and aesthetics are important.
Safety Features

Non-slip Treads:
Essential for preventing slips and falls, especially in high-traffic areas.

Handrail Support:
Handrails should be installed at a height that is comfortable for users and should be
continuous along the stairway.

Lighting:
Adequate lighting is crucial for safety, particularly in dimly lit areas.
References:

U.S. Access Board. (2011). ADA accessibility guidelines for buildings and facilities.
Retrieved from
https://www.access-board.gov/guidelines-and-standards/buildings-and-sites/about-th
e-adaptive-design-guidelines

Smith, J. (2020). Stair design: A comprehensive guide to building safe and beautiful
stairs. Home Design Press.

American National Standards Institute. (2017). ANSI A117.1: Accessible and usable
buildings and facilities. Retrieved from https://www.ansi.org/

Building Research Establishment. (2019). Stair safety: A guide to design and

construction. Retrieved from https://www.bre.co.uk/