Mensuration 453

CHAPTER 10

M ensur ation
It is one of the easiest chapters, which contributes almost 6-8% problems in Quantitative
Aptitude Section of CAT. Besides there are several other aptitude tests which include
plethora of questions from this topic itself.
Therefore it is advised that those students who are not so good in other sections such as
algebra or sort of logical questions they must emphasise on this chapter. Even the questions
asked from this chapter are not as much complex as they are in Geometry.

10.1 Mensuration
Definition : Mensuration is a science of measurement of the lengths of lines, areas of
surfaces and volumes of solids.
Planes : Planes are two dimensional i.e. these two dimensions are namely length and breadth.
These occupy surface.
Solids : Solids are three dimensional, namely length, breadth and height. These occupy
space.
Chapter Checklist
Mensuration
Conversion of Important Units 2-D Figures (Planes)
1 km = 10 hectometre =100 decametre Rectangles and Squares
=1000 metre =10,000 decimetre Triangles
=100
, ,000 centimetre =10,00,000 millimetre Parallelogram, Rhombus
1 hectare =10,000 square metre and Trapezium
1 are =100 square metre Circles
1 square hectometre =100 square decametre 3-D Figures (Solids)
1 square decametre =100 square metre Cuboid and Cube
1 square metre = 100 square decimetre Cylinder and Cone
1 square decimetre =100 square centimetre Sphere, Prism and Pyramid
1 square centimetre =100 square millimetre
CAT Test
2 = 1.414, 3 = 1.732, 5 = 2.236, 6 = 2.45
Weight = Volume × density

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454 QUANTUM CAT
10.2 2-D Figures
Table 2-D Figures (Plane figures)
Name Figure Nomenclature Area Perimeter

Rectangle l → length l × b = lb 2l + 2b = 2(l + b)

b b → breadth
l

a
Square a → side (i) a × a = a2 a + a + a + a = 4a
d → diagonal d2
a d a d=a 2 (ii)
2

Triangle a, b and c are three sides (i)

1
×b×h a + b + c = 2s
(Scalene) a c of triangle and s the 2
h semiperimeter, where (ii) s (s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
 a + b + c (Hero’s formula)
s=  
b  2 
b is the base and h is the
altitude of triangle
Equilateral a → side (i)
1
×a×h 3a
triangle h → height or altitude 2
a a 3 3 2
h h= a (ii) a
2 4

Isosceles a → equal sides (i)

1
×b×h 2a + b
triangle b → base 2
a a h → height or altitude 1
h (ii) × b × 4a2 − b2
4a2 − b2 4
h=
2
b

Right angled b → base 1

×b×h b+ h+ d
triangle h
d h → altitude/height 2
d → diagonal
b d = b2 + h 2

Isosceles right a → equal sides 1 2

a 2a + d
angled a
d d → diagonal 2
triangle d=a 2
a

Quadrilateral C AC is the diagonal and 1

× AC × (h1 + h2 ) AB + BC + CD + AD
D
h1, h2 are the altitudes on 2
h1
AC, from the vertices
h2 D and B, respectively.
A B

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Mensuration 455

Name Figure Nomenclature Area Perimeter

a
Parallelogram a and b are sides adjacent to a×h 2(a + b)
b b each other.
h
h → distance between the
a parallel sides
a
Rhombus D C a → each equal side of 1
× d1 × d2 4a
d1 rhombus 2
a a d1 and d2 are the diagonals
d2 d1 → BD
A B d2 → AC
a

Trapezium D b
C a and b are parallel sides to  a + b AB + BC + CD + AD
  ×h
each other and h is the  2 
h perpendicular distance
between parallel sides
A B
a

Regular hexagon a a → each of the equal side 3 3 2 6a

a
a a 2

a a

Regular octagon a a → each of equal side 2a2 (1 + 2) 8a

a a

a a

a a
a

Circle r → radius of the circle πr2 2πr (called as

22 circumference)
π= = 3.1416(approx)
r 7

Semicircle r r
r → radius of the circle 1 2 πr + 2r
πr
2

Quadrant r → radius 1 2
πr
1
πr + 2r
r 4 2

Ring or circular path R → outer radius π (R 2 − r2 ) (outer) → 2πR

(shaded region) r → inner radius (inner) → 2πr
R
r

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456 QUANTUM CAT
Name Figure Nomenclature Area Perimeter

Sector of a circle O → centre of the circle  θ  l + 2r

(i) πr2  
r → radius  360°
O l → length of the arc 1
θ (ii) r × l
r θ → angle of the sector 2
 θ 
l = 2πr  
A B  360°
l

Segment of a circle θ → angle of the sector Area of segment ACB  πθ  θ 

2r  + sin   
r → radius (minor segment)  360 °  2 
O AB → chord  πθ sin θ 
= r2  − 
r θ ACB → arc of the circle  360° 2 

A B
C

Pathways running l l → length (l + b − w ) w 2(l + b) − 4w

across the middle of w b → breadth = 2[ l + b − 2w]
a rectangle w w w → width of the path (road)
w b

Outer pathways w l → length (l + b + 2w ) 2w (inner) → 2 (l + b)

l
b → breadth (outer)
b w
w → widthness of the path → 2 (l + b + 4w )

Inner path w l → length (l + b − 2w ) 2w (outer) → 2 (l + b)

b → breadth (inner)
w b
w → widthness of the path → 2 (l + b − 4w )

10.3 Rectangles and Squares Solution

(a) Perimeter = 2(15 + 8) = 46 m
1. Area of a rectangle = length × breadth = l × b
(b) Area of floor = 15 × 8 = 120 m2
1
2. Area of a square = (side) 2 = (diagonal) 2 (c) Length of diagonal = (15) 2 + ( 8) 2 = 17m
2
1 2 NOTE The maximum possible length of any rod that can be placed
= d =a 2
on a rectangular floor is equal to the diagonal of the floor of the room.
2
3. Diagonal of a rectangle d b
= (length) 2 + (breadth) 2 = l 2 + b 2
l
4. Diagonal of a square = side 2 + side 2 = side 2 = a 2 Here d > l
5. Perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (length + breadth) = 2( l + b)
Exp. 2) The side of a square shaped garden is
6. Perimeter of a square = 4 × side = 4a 20 m. Find the :
7. Area of four walls of a room = 2 ( l + b) × h (a) area of the garden
Exp. 1) The length and breadth of a rectangular room are (b) perimeter (or boundary) of the garden
15 m and 8 m respectively : (c) maximum possible distance between any two corners
(a) Find the perimeter of room. of the garden.
(b) Find the area of the floor of room. Solution (a) Area = (side) 2 = (20) 2 = 400 m 2 (square metre)
(c) Find the maximum possible length of the rod that can (b) Perimeter = 4 × side = 4 × 20 = 80 m
be put on the floor. (c) Diagonal = side 2 = 20 × 2 = 20 × 1.414 = 28.28 m

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Mensuration 457

Exp. 3) One side of a rectangular lawn is 12 m and its Exp. 7) Find the cost of carpeting a room 17 m long and
diagonal is 13 m. Find the area of the field. 9 m wide with a carpet 60 cm broad at 40 paise per metre.
Solution d = l 2 + b2 ⇒ 13 = 122 + b 2 ⇒ b = 5 m Solution Area of carpet = Area of room
∴ Area = l × b = 12 × 5 = 60 m 2 l × 0.6 = 17 × 9 (60 cm = 0.6 m)
⇒ l = 255 m
Exp. 4) The length of a rectangle is 1 cm more than its
∴ Cost of carpeting the floor = rate × length of carpet
breadth. The diagonal is 29 cm. Find the area of the
rectangle. = 0.4 × 255 = ` 102.00
(a) 481 cm 2 (b) 841 cm 2 (c) 420 cm 2 (d) 870 m 2 Exp. 8) The dimensions of a lawn are in the ratio 4 : 1
Solution l = ( b + 1) and its area is 1/4 hectares. What is the length of the lawn?
and d = l 2 + b 2 = ( b + 1) 2 + b 2 = 29 Solution l × b = 4x × x =
1
× 10000
4
⇒ b 2 + b = 420 ⇒ b = 20
⇒ x = 25
∴ l = 21
⇒ length = 4x = 100 m
∴ Area = l × b = 420 cm2
Exp. 9) A room is 16 m long, 7 m broad and 8 m high.
Exp. 5) The length of a wall is 5/4 times of its height. If Find the cost of white washing the four walls of room at
the area of the wall be 180 m 2 . What is the sum of the ` 7.5 per m 2 , white washing is not to be done on the doors
length and height of the wall? and windows, which occupy 65 m 2 .
Solution Let the length be 5x and height be 4x. Solution Area of 4 walls of a room = 2(16 + 7) × 8 = 368 m2
Then, l × h = 180 = 5 x × 4x = 20x 2 ⇒ x = 3
Net area of 4 walls = 368 − 65 = 303 m2
∴ l + h = 15 + 12 = 27 m
∴ Cost of white washing = 303 × 7.5 = ` 2272.5
Alternatively 1.25 h2 = 180 ⇒ h = 12 m
∴ l = 15 m; l + h = 27 m Exp. 10) The ratio between the sides of a room is 5 : 3.
The cost of white washing the ceiling of the room at
Exp. 6) A rectangular grassy lawn is 18 m by 12 m. It has 50 Paise per square m is ` 270 and the cost of papering the
a gravel path 1.5 m wide all around it on the outside. What walls at 10 P per square metre is ` 48. The height of the
is the area of the path. room is :
Solution Area of path (outside the lawn) = ( l + b + 2w) 2w (a) 6 m (b) 8 m
= (18 + 12 + 3) 3 = 99 m2 (c) 5 m (d) 10 m
Total cost 270
Solution Area of ceiling = = = 540 sq m
12 Cost of 1 sq unit 0.5
1.5 m 18 Now since l : b = 5x : 3x
⇒ l × b = 15 x 2 = 540 m 2
Alternatively Area of lawn = 18 × 12 = 216 m 2 ⇒ l = 30 and b = 18 m
Total area (lawn + path) = (18 + 3) × (12 + 3) Now, Area of the 4 walls
= 21 × 15 = 315 m 2 Total cost 48
= = = 480 m 2
Cost of 1 sq unit 0.1
∴ Area of path (only) = 315 − 216 = 99 m2
480
∴ Height = =5 m
2( 30 + 18)

Page 5 of 277
458 QUANTUM CAT
Introductory Exercise 10.1
1. A rectangular field has its length and breadth in the ratio 12. A square field of 2 sq km is to be divided into two equal
of 16 : 9. If its perimeter is 750 cm. What is its area? parts by a wall which coincides with a diagonal. Find
(a) 7500 cm2 (b) 32400 cm2 the length of the wall.
2
(c) 14400 cm (d) 14000 cm2 (a) 2 km (b) 1 km (c) 4.2 km (d) 2 km
2. A rectangular field costs ` 110 for levelling at 13. There are two square fields. Of the two square fields
50 paise per square metre. If the ratio of one contains 1 hectare area while the other is broader
length : breadth is 11 : 5. Find the length of the field. by 11 per cent. Find the difference in area expressed in
(a) 16 m (b) 21 m sq m.
(c) 22 m (d) none of these (a) 2321 sq m (b) 1210 sq m
3. A room is half as long again as it is wide. The cost of (c) 2121 sq m (d) 7700 sq m
carpeting it at 62 paise per square metre is 14. The expenses of carpeting a half of the floor were
` 2916.48. Find the cost of white washing the ceiling at
` 759, but if the length had been 6 m less than it was,
30 paise per metre.
the expenses would have been ` 561. What is the
(a) ` 2211.5 (b) ` 1114.2
length?
(c) ` 1411.2 (d) can’t be determined
(a) 21 m (b) 23 m (c) 45 m (d) 27 m
4. The length of a rectangular plot of ground is four times
15. If a roll of paper 1 km long has area 1/25 hectare, how
its breadth and its area is 4 hectares. How long will it
take to a dog to walk round it at the rate of 3 km/h? wide is the paper?
(a) 12 min (b) 20 min (c) 21 min (d) 18.5 min (a) 4 m (b) 40 cm (c) 40 dm (d) 25 cm
5. Find the length of the wire required to fence a square 16. The diagonal and one side of a rectangular plot are
field 6 times having its area 5 hectares and 76 ares. 289 m and 240 m respectively. Find the other side.
(a) 5760 m (b) 6760 m (c) 52500 m (d) 11760 m (a) 237 m (b) 181 m (c) 161 m (d) 159 m
6. A room is 19 m long and 3.50 m broad. What will be 17. How many tiles 20 cm by 40 cm will be required to
the cost of covering its floor with a carpet of 70 cm pave the floor of a prayer hall of a room 16 m long and
wide at 95 paise per metre? 9 m wide?
(a) ` 90.25 (b) ` 99.25 (a) 18000 (b) 2700 (c) 1800 (d) 14400
(c) ` 90.75 (d) none of these
18. If the area of a square be 22050 sq cm. Find the length
7. Find the cost of paving a courtyard 316.8 m × 65 m of diagonal.
with stones measuring1.3 m × 1.1 m at ` 0.5 per stone. (a) 201 cm (b) 220 cm
(a) ` 1440 (b) ` 7200 (c) 211 cm (d) 210 cm
(c) ` 72,000 (d) none of these
19. If requires 90 g paint for painting a door 12 cm × 9 cm,
8. A rectangular garden 63 m long and 54 m broad has a how much paint is required for painting a similar door
path 3 m wide inside it. Find the cost of paving the 4 cm × 3 cm?
path at ` 37/2 per square metre. (a) 30 g (b) 27 g (c) 10 g (d) 45 g
(a) ` 12321 (b) ` 11100
20. The area of a rectangular football field is 24200 sq m.
(c) ` 74000 (d) none of these
It is half as broad as it is long. What is the approx
9. If the length of a ractangular field is doubled and its minimum distance a man will cover if he wishes to go
breadth is halved (i.e. reduced by 50%). What is from one corner to the opposite one?
percentage change in its area? (a) 283 m (b) 246 m (c) 576 m (d) 289 m
(a) 0% (b) 10% (c) 25% (d) 33.33%
21. The area of the four walls of a room is 2640 sq m and
10. A path of uniform width runs all around the inside of the length is twice the breadth and the height is given
rectangular field 116 m by 68 m and occupies as 11 m. What is the area of the ceiling?
720 sq m. Find the width of the path. (a) 2800 m2 (b) 3200 m2
(a) 1 m (b) 1.5 m (c) 2 m (d) 4 m (c) 320 m 2
(d) none of these
11. A drawing room is 7.5 m long 6.5 m broad and 22. If the perimeter of a square and a rectangle are the
6 m high. Find the length of paper 2.5 dm wide to same, then the areas A and B enclosed by them would
cover its walls allowing 8 sq m for doors. satisfy the inequality :
(a) 368 m (b) 640 m (c) 625 m (d) 888 m (a) A > B (b) A ≥ B (c) A < B (d) A ≤ B

Page 6 of 277
Mensuration 459

23. If the perimeter of a rectangle and a square each is 28. The area of a rectangular field is 52000 m2. This
equal to 80 cm and the difference of their areas is 100 rectangular area has been drawn on a map to the scale
sq cm, the sides of the rectangle are : 1 cm to 100 m. The length is shown as 3.25 cm on the
(a) 25 cm, 15 cm (b) 28 cm, 12 cm map. The breadth of the rectangular field is :
(c) 30 cm, 10 cm (d) 35 cm, 15 cm (a) 210 m (b) 150 m
24. The number of square shaped tin sheets of side 25 cm (c) 160 m (d) 123 m
that can be cut off from a square tin sheet of side 1 m, is : 29. If the length of diagonal BD of a square ABCD is
(a) 4 (b) 40 (c) 16 (d) 400 4.8 cm, the area of the square ABCD is :
25. The length and breadth of a rectangular field are (a) 9.6 cm2 (b) 11.52 cm2
2
120 m and 80 m respectively. Inside the field, a park (c) 12.52 cm (d) 5.76 cm2
of 12 m width is made around the field. The area of the 30. If the side of square is increased by 20%, then how
park is : much per cent does its area get increased?
(a) 2358 m2 (b) 7344 m2 (c) 4224 m2 (d) 3224 m2 (a) 40% (b) 20% (c) 44% (d) 24%
26. A 5m wide lawn is cultivated all along the outside of a 31. The ratio of the area of a square to that of the square
rectangular plot measuring 90m × 40 m. The total drawn on its diagonal is :
area of the lawn is : (a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 1 : 3 (d) 1 : 4
(a) 1441 m2 (b) 1400 m2 (c) 2600 m2 (d) 420 m2
32. The length and breadth of a square are increased by
27. The length of a rectangle is 2 cm more than its 60% and 40% respectively. The area of the resulting
breadth. The perimeter is 48 cm. The area of the rectangle exceeds the area of the square by :
rectangle (in cm2) is : (a) 224% (b) 24%
(a) 96 (b) 128 (c) 143 (d) 144 (c) 124% (d) 100%

10.4 Triangles
A
1 ratio of 2 : 1 from the vertex to the base.
1. Area of a triangle = × base × height (General formula)
2 AO BO CO 2 r2
∴ = = = = Q P
2. Area of a scalene triangle = s ( s − a ) ( s − b) ( s − c) OR OP OQ 1 r1
O
where s is the semiperimeter of the triangle and OP = OQ = OR , all are the inradii
B C
a, b and c are the three sides of the triangle, OA = OB = OC , R
 a + b + c all are the circumradii
s =  A
 2  NOTE Radii means more than one radius.
Scalene triangle : A triangle whose all sides are O is the centre of two circles. Circle PQR is Q r1 P
different in length called as incircle (touching the sides) and
O
1 circle ABC is called as circumcircle (touching r2
C
3. Area of a right angle triangle = × base × height the vertices)
B R
2
Right angle triangle : A triangle in which two sides are side side
∴ Inradius = and Circumradius =
perpendicular 2 3 3
Also, Hypotenuse = (base) 2 + (height) 2
Exp. 1) The base of a right angled triangle is 8 cm and
4. Area of an equilateral triangle hypotenuse is 17 cm. Find its area.
 3  Solution Hypotenuse = (base) 2 + (altitude) 2
1 3
= × side ×  side  = × (side) 2
2  2  4 (17) = 64 + ( x) 2
⇒ 289 = 64 + x 2 15 cm 17 cm
Equilateral triangle : A triangle in which all the three
⇒ x 2 = 225 ⇒ x = 15 cm
sides are equal also all the three internal angles are equal
1 90°
3 ∴ Area = × base × altitude
Height of an equilateral triangle ( h) = × side 2 8 cm
2 (height is called altitude also)
An important property : In an equilateral ∆ perpendiculars 1
= × 8 × 15 = 60 cm 2
drawn from all the three vertices intersect each other in the 2

Page 7 of 277
460 QUANTUM CAT
Exp. 2) Find the area of an equilateral triangle whose Exp. 4) Find the area and perimeter of a triangle whose
side is 4 3 cm. sides are 17 cm, 8 cm and 15 cm long.
3 Solution Since, 82 + 15 2 = 17 2
Solution Area of an equilateral triangle = × (side)2
4 ⇒ 64 + 225 = 289
3 3 289 = 289 8 17
= × (4 3)2 = × 48 = 12 3 cm2
4 4 Hence, it is a right angled triangle.
1 90°
Exp. 3) The area of a right angled triangle is ∴ Area = × b × h
2 15
24 cm 2 and the length of its hypotenuse is 10 cm. The 1
= × 15 × 8 = 60 cm2
length of the shorter leg is : 2
(a) 5 cm (b) 4 cm and perimeter = 8 + 15 + 17 = 40 cm
(c) 6 cm (d) 3 cm
Solution H 2 = A 2 + B 2 = 100 cm2
Exp. 5) Find the area and perimeter of an isosceles
triangle whose equal sides are 5 cm each and base is 6 cm.
1
Area = × A × B Solution Area of an isosceles triangle
2
b
1 A H = 4a 2 − b 2
⇒ A × B = 24 cm2 4
2 a a
6
⇒ A × B = 48 cm2 = 4 × 25 − 36
4
∴ ( A + B) 2 = A 2 + B 2 + 2AB B
3
= × 64 = 12 cm 2 b
( A + B) 2 = 196 ⇒ A + B = 14 …(i) 2
Again ( A − B) 2 = A 2 + B 2 − 2AB Alternatively We know that the altitude CD bisects the
⇒ ( A − B) 2 = 4 ⇒ A − B = 2 …(ii) base AB in the isosceles triangle ABC.
∴ AD = BD = 3 cm C
Therefore by solving eqs. (i) and (ii) ,we get
Using Pythagoras theorem in ∆ ADC
A=8 and B=6
we have, 5 cm 5 cm
Therefore, the shorter leg is 6 cm.
CD 2 = AC 2 − AD 2
Alternatively Go through options.
∴ CD = 4 cm
1
Q × A × B = 24 ⇒ A × B = 48 1
∴Area of triangle = × base × height A D B
2 2 6 cm
48
Let us assume B = 6, then A = =8 1
= × 6 × 4 = 12 cm 2
6 2
Now, A 2 + B 2 = 100, ( 8) 2 + ( 6) 2 = 100 ⇒100 = 100
Also, the perimeter of triangle = 5 + 5 + 6 = 16 cm
Hence, choice (c) is correct.

Introductory Exercise 10.2

1. What is the area of the triangle whose sides are 3. The sides of a triangle are 25 m, 39 m and 56 m
84 m, 80 m and 52 m? respectively. Find the perpendicular distance from the
(a) 1620 sq. m (b) 2016 sq. m vertex opposite to the side 56 m.
(c) 1818 sq. m (d) none of these (a) 15 m (b) 16.5 m
2. Two poles 15 m and 30 m high stand upright in a play (c) 18.6 m (d) 21 m
ground. If their feet be 36 m apart, find the distance 4. ABC is a triangle and D , E , F are the mid-points of the
between their tops.
sides BC , CA, AB respectively. The ratio of the areas of
(a) 41 m
∆ ABC and ∆ DEF is :
(b) 36 m
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 5 : 1
(c) 39 m
(c) 3 : 1 (d) can’t be determined
(d) none of the above

Page 8 of 277
Mensuration 461

5. The integral base of an isosceles triangle can be whose 8. If every side of a triangle is doubled, then increase in
area is 60 cm2 and the length of one of the equal sides area of the triangle is :
is 13 cm : (a) 200% (b) 300%
(a) 20 cm (b) 10 cm (c) 400% (d) none of these
(c) 16 cm (d) data insufficient
9. If the altitude of an equilateral triangle is 2 3, then its
6. A ladder is resting with one end in contact with the top
area is :
of a wall of height 60 m and the other end on the
(a) 4 3 cm2 (b) 12 3 cm2
ground is at a distance of 11 m from the wall. The
8
length of the ladder is : (c) cm2 (d) none of these
3
(a) 61 m (b) 71 m
(c) 87 m (d) none of these 10. If the perimeter of an equilateral triangle and a square
7. The base of a triangular field is three times its height. is same and the area of equilateral triangle is P and the
If the cost of cultivating the field is ` 36.72 per hectare is area of square is Q, then :
` 495.72, find the height and base of the triangular field. (a) P < Q (b) P ≤ Q
(a) 480 m, 1120 m (b) 400 m, 1200 m (c) P > Q (d) P ≥ Q
(c) 300 m, 900 m (d) 250 m, 650 m

10.5 Parallelogram, Rhombus and Trapezium

1. (a) Area of parallelogram = base ( b) × height ( h) ( AC = d1 and BD = d 2 )
(b) Area of parallelogram D C

= product of any two adjacent sides

θ2
× sine of the included angle θ1
2. Perimeter = 2 (sum of any two adjacent sides) A B
1 1 1
3. (a) Area of rhombus = × (product of diagonals) ∴ Area = d1 d 2 sin θ 1 = d1 d 2 sin θ 2
2 2 2
1
= × d1 d 2 1
(b) Area = × diagonal × sum of the perpendiculars
2 2
(b) Area of rhombus = product of adjacent sides drawn from the opposite vertices on it.
× sine of the angle included by them C
4. Perimeter of rhombus = 4 × side D
N
h1
1
5. Area of a trapezium = × sum of parallel sides × height h2
2 M
height → distance between the two parallel sides A B
6. Perimeter of trapezium = sum of all the four sides 1
1 =
d × ( h1 + h2 )
7. (a) Area of quadrilateral = × product of diagonal 2
2
where, MD = h1 and BN = h2 and AC = d
× sine of the angle between them

Page 9 of 277
462 QUANTUM CAT
Introductory Exercise 10.3
1. The adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 6 cm and 8. Area of a rhombus is 256 cm2. One of the diagonal is
8 cm and the angle between them is 30°. What is the half of the other diagonal. The sum of the diagonals is :
area of the parallelogram? (a) 38 cm (b) 48 cm
(a) 24 cm2 (b) 12 cm2 (c) 28 cm (d) 56 cm
2
(c) 40 cm (d) 24 3 cm2 9. The lengths of two parallel sides of a trapezium are
2. A parallelogram has sides 30 cm and 20 cm and one of 30 cm and 50 cm and its height is 16 cm. Its area is :
its diagonal is 40 cm long. Then its area is : (a) 460 cm2 (b) 750 cm2
2
(a) 75 5 cm2 (b) 245 cm2 (c) 320 cm (d) 640 cm2
(c) 150 15 cm 2
(d) 300 cm2 10. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || CD and AB = 2CD. If
3. The distance of a 24 cm long side of a parallelogram its diagonals intersect each other at O, then ratio of
from the opposite side is 22 cm. The area of the areas of triangles AOB and COD is :
parallelogram is : (a) 1 : 4 (b) 1 : 2
(a) 264 cm2 (b) 246 cm2 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 2 : 1
(c) 460 cm2 (d) 528 cm2 11. The area of a trapezium is 441 cm2 and the ratio of
4. The two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 25 cm parallel sides is 5 : 9. Also the perpendicular distance
between them is 21 cm, the longer of parallel sides is :
and 40 cm respectively. The altitude drawn on the
(a) 36 cm (b) 27 cm
longer side is 18 cm, then the area of the
(c) 18 cm (d) 28 cm
parallelogram is :
(a) 450 cm2 (b) 720 cm2 12. The cross-section of a canal is in the shape of a
(c) 500 cm 2
(d) none of these trapezium and the area of cross-section is 360 m2.
If the canal is 12 m wide at the top and 8 m wide at the
5. In the adjoining figure, the ratio of the areas of the
bottom the depth of the canal is :
parallelogram ABCD and that of triangle ABN is :
(a) 36 m (b) 180 m
A D (c) 45 m (d) none of these
13. The area of a hexagon whose one side is 4 m, is :
30°

(a) 6 3 m2 (b) 24 3 m2
2
(c) 42 3 m (d) 24 m2
N
B x C 14. ABCD is a quadrilateral AC = 19 cm. The lengths of
3x
perpendiculars from B and D on AC are 5 cm and 7 cm
(a) 6 : 1 (b) 5 : 1
respectively. Then, the area of ABCD (in cm2) is :
(c) 4 : 1 (d) 8 : 1
(a) 162 (b) 144
6. If the perimeter of a rhombus is 4 p and lengths of its (c) 228 (d) 114
diagonals are a and b, then its area is : 15. ABCD is a square, AC = BD = 4 2 cm,
a ab
(a) (b) AE = DE = 2.5 cm. Find the area of
b 2 E
the adjoining figure ABCDE.
(c) ab/p (d) p (a2 + b2 )
(a) 19 cm2
7. The ratio of the lengths of the diagonal of a rhombus is (b) 22 cm2
2 : 5. Then, the ratio of the area of the rhombus to the (c) 17 cm2 A D
F
square of the shorter diagonal : (d) none of the above
(a) 5 : 4 (b) 5 : 2
(c) 2 : 5 (d) none of these B C

Page 10 of 277
Mensuration 463

10.6 Circles
1. Area of a circle = πR 2 (R → radius of the circle) Exp. 3) A circular road runs round a circular garden. If
the difference between the circumference of the outer
2. Circumference of the circle = 2πR
circle and the inner circle is 44 m. Find the width of the
 θ 
3. Length of an arc = 2πR   road.
 360° 
Solution Let R and r be radii of outer circle and inner circle
 θ  1 respectively.
4. Area of a sector = πR 2   = (arc × R )
 360°  2 ∴ Width of the road = R − r
∴ 2πR − 2πr = 44m ⇒ 2π ( R − r) = 44 m
 θ  R
2
5. Area of segment = πR 2  − sin θ  22
 360°  ⇒ ( R − r) = 7 m Q π = 
2  7
Diameter = 2 × radius Exp. 4) The radius of a circle is 5 m. What is the radius
of another circle whose area is 25 times that of the first?
Solution Ratio of areas = (ratio of radii) 2
O
A B OB = OA → radius 25 5
= (ratio of radii) 2 ⇒ Ratio of radii =
AB → diameter 1 1
Therefore radius of another circle is 5 times.
Hence, the required radius = 25 m
Exp. 1) The radius of a circular wheel is 1 3 m. How
4 Exp. 5) What is the radius of a circle whose area is equal
many revolutions will it make in travelling to the sum of the areas of two circles whose radii are 20 cm
11 km? and 21 cm?
Solution Total distance (travelled) = 11 km = 11000 m Solution πR 2 = πr12 + πr22
Distance travelled in one revolution πR 2 = π (r12 + r22 )
= circumference of the wheel R 2 = ( 400 + 441)
22 7
= 2× π ×r = 2× × = 11 m R 2 = 841 ⇒ R = 29 cm
7 4
11000
∴ Number of revolutions in 11 km = Exp. 6) In a circle of radius 28 cm, an arc subtends an
11
angle of 108° at the centre.
= 1000 revolution
(a) Find the area of the sector.
Exp. 2) It takes 13.5 mL to paint the surface of the (b) Find the length of the arc.
 θ 
circular sheet of radius 17 cm. How much paint is Solution (a) Area of the sector = πr 2  
 360°
required to paint a similar circular sheet with double the
22 108°
radius? = × 28 × 28 ×
Solution Ratio of radii = 1 : 2 7 360°
3
∴ Ratio of areas = 1 : 4 = 22 × 4 × 28 × = 739.2 cm
10
 Area of C1 πr12 1 × 1 1 
 Since = = =   θ 
Area of C 2 πr22 2 × 2 4 (b) Length of the arc = 2πr  
  360°
∴ Quantity of required paint is 4 times. 22 108
=2× × 28 × = 52.8 cm
Thus we need 4 × 13.5 = 54 mL paint. 7 360°

Page 11 of 277
464 QUANTUM CAT
Introductory Exercise 10.4
1. If the circumference of a circle is 704 cm, then its area 11. A figure consists of a square of side ‘a’ m with
is : semicircles drawn on the outside of the square.
(a) 49324 m2 (b) 39424 m2 The area (in m2) of the figure so formed will be :
(c) 3672 cm 2
(d) 39424 cm2  1
(a) a2 (π + 1) (b) a2  π + 
 4
2. If the circumference of a circle is 4.4 m, then the area
of the circle (in m2) is πa2
(c) a2 + (d) none of these
(a) 49/π (b) 49π 2
(c) 4.9π (d) none of these 12. The length of a rope by which a buffalo must be
3. A circular wire of radius 4.2 m is cut and bent in the tethered so that she may be able to graze a grassy
form of a rectangle whose longer side is 20% more area of 2464 sq m is :
than its shorter side. The longer side of the rectangle is (a) 35 m (b) 27 m
: (c) 24 m (d) 28 m
(a) 7.2 m (b) 72 cm 13. A circle of radius ‘a’ is divided into 6 equal sectors. An
(c) 8 m (d) none of these equilateral triangle is drawn on the chord of each
4. The inner circumference of a circular path around a sector to lie outside the circle. Area of the resulting
circular lawn is 440 m. What is the radius of the outer figure is :
circumference of the path, if the path is 14 m wide? (a) 3 a2 (π + 3 ) (b) 3 3 a2
(a) 96 m (b) 84 m 3 3 πa2
(c) 3 (a2 3 + π ) (d)
(c) 70 m (d) 88 m 2
5. The sum of the radius and the circumference of a 14. In the following figure, the area in (cm2 ) is :
circle is 51 cm. The area of the circle is :
(a) 151 cm (b) 152 cm
7cm
(c) 154 cm (d) data insufficient
6. The difference between the circumference and the
7cm 7cm
diameter of the circle is 15 m. What is the area of the
circle?
(a) 225 m2 (b) 165 m2 (a) 115.5 (b) 228.5
2
(c) 156 m (d) none of these (c) 154 (d) none of these
7. The radius of a circle is increased by 2 cm from 15. If a piece of wire 25 cm long is bent into an arc of a
5 cm to 7 cm. What is the percentage change in area of circle subtending an angle of 75° at the centre, then
the circle? the radius of the circle (in cm) is :
(a) 96% (b) 35% π 60
(a) (b)
(c) 70% (d) 74% 120 π
(c) 60π (d) none of these
8. If the circumference of a circle is increased by 20%,
then its area will be increased by : 16. Four horses are tethered at four corners of a square
(a) 44% (b) 32% plot of 42 m so that they just cannot reach one
(c) 40% (d) none of these another. The area left ungrazed is :
(a) 378 m2 (b) 438 m2
9. The area of a circular field is 124.74 hectares. The 2
(c) 786 m (d) none of these
cost of fencing it at the rate of 80 paise per metre is
(a) ` 3168 (b) ` 1584 17. The circumference of the following figure is :
(c) ` 1729 (d) none of these
10. Eldeco Housing Pvt. Ltd purchased a circular plot of
land for ` 158400 at the rate of 1400 per sq. metre.
The radius of the plot is : 20 cm
(a) 5 m (b) 6 m (a) (20 + 10 π ) (b) 20π
(c) 7 m (d) 14 m
(c) 10π (d) 30π

Page 12 of 277
Mensuration 465

18. The area of a minor sector subtending the central 22. A rope by which a calf is tied is decreased from
angle at the centre 40° is 8.25 cm2. What is the area of 23 m to 12 m. What is the decrease in area to be
the remaining part (i.e. major sector) of the circle? grazed by it?
(a) 82.5 cm2 (b) 74.25 cm2 (a) 1110 m2 (b) 1210 m2
2
(c) 66 cm2 (d) none of these (c) 1120 m (d) 1221 m2

19. The area of a sector of a circle of radius 8 cm, formed 23. A wire is bent in the form of a square of side 66 m. It is
by an arc of length 5.6 cm, is : cut and again bent in the form of a circle. The diameter
of this circle is :
(a) 22.4 cm2 (b) 2.24 cm2 (a) 42 m (b) 84 m
(c) 56 cm2 (d) none of these (c) 21 m (d) none of these
20. How long will a man take to go, walking at 13.2 km/h, 24. A wire is in the form of a circle of radius 42 m is cut
round a circular garden of 700 m radius? and again bent in the form of a square. What is the
(a) 12 min (b) 30 min diagonal of the square?
(c) 20 min (d) none of these (a) 66 m (b) 66 3 m
21. What is the radius of circular field whose area is equal (c) 66 2 m (d) none of these
to the sum of the areas of three smaller circular fields 25. If the driving wheel of a bicycle makes 560 revolutions
of radii 8 m, 9 m and 12 m respectively? in travelling 1.1 km. Find the diameter of the wheel.
(a) 17 m (b) 20 m (a) 31.5 cm (b) 30.5 cm
(c) 21 m (d) 29 m (c) 62.5 cm (d) none of these

10.7 3-D Figures

3-D Figures are shown below
Name Figure Nomenclature Volume Curved/Lateral Total surface area
surface area

Cuboid l → length lbh 2(l + b) h 2 (lb + bh + hl)

h
b → breadth
h → height
b
l

Cube a → edge/side a3 4a2 6a2

a

a
a

Right circular r r → radius of base πr2h 2πrh 2πr (h + r)

cylinder h → height of the
h cylinder

Right circular r → radius 1 2

πr h πrl πr ( l + r )
cone h → height 3
l l → slant height
h l = r2 + h 2

Page 13 of 277
466 QUANTUM CAT
Name Figure Nomenclature Volume Curved/Lateral Total surface
surface area area

Right triangular — area of base × height perimeter of base lateral surface

prism × height area + 2 (area of
base)
h

Base

Right pyramid — 1 1 lateral surface

× area of the base × perimeter of
3 2 area + area of
Slant × height the base × slant the base
height height

Sphere r → radius 4 3
πr — 4πr2
3
r

Hemisphere r r → radius 2 3
πr 2πr2 3πr2
3

Spherical shell r → inner radius 4

π [ R 3 − r3 ] — 4π [ R 2 + r2 ]
R → outer radius 3

R r

Frustum of a r
— π π (r + R ) l lateral surface
h (r2 + Rr + R 2 )
cone 3 area
h l
+ π [ R 2 + r2 ]

Page 14 of 277
Mensuration 467

10.8 Cuboid and Cube (c) Diagonal = l 2 + b 2 + h2

G F = 162 + 182 + 242 = 1156 = 34 cm
Cuboid : A cuboid has 6 faces,
12 edges, 8 vertices and 4 diagonals. H E Exp. 2) Edge of a cube is 5 cm. Find :
Faces : h (a) volume (b) surface area (c) diagonal
C
ABCD, EFGH , ABEH , CFGD, D
b Solution Volume = a 3 = (5) 3 = 125 cm 3
BCFE, ADGH A l B Surface area = 6a 2 = 6 × (5) 2 = 150 cm 2
Edges : AB, BC, CD, AD, EF, FG, GH, EH, BE, CF, DG, AH Diagonal = a 3 = 5 3 = 8.660 = 8.66 cm
Vertices : A, B , C , D, E , F , G, H
Exp. 3) Three cubes of volumes, 1 cm 3 , 216 cm 3 and
Diagonals : AF, BG, CH, DE
512 cm 3 are melted to form a new cube. What is the
Formulae : Volume = l × b × h diagonal of the new cube?
(l → length, b → breadth, h → height) Solution Volume of new cube = 1 + 216 + 512 = 729 cm 3
Total surface area = 2 ( lb + bh + hl) ∴ Edge of new cube = 3 729 = 9 cm
Diagonal ( d ) = l 2 + b 2 + h 2 ∴ Surface area = 6a 2 = 6 × ( 9) 2 = 486 cm 2
G F ∴ Diagonal of the new cube = a 3 = 9 3
Cube : A cube has 6 equal faces, 12
=15.6 cm (approx.)
equal edges, 8 vertices and 4 equal H E
diagonals. a Exp. 4) The surface area of a cube is 864 cm 2 . Find its
Formulae : C volume.
D
Volume = ( a ) 3 a Solution 6a 2 = 864 ⇒ a 2 = 144 ⇒ a = 12 cm
A a B ∴ a 3 = (12) 3 = 1728 cm 3
Total surface area = 6( a ) 2
(a → edge of the cube) Exp. 5) Find the length of the longest pole that can be
Diagonal ( d ) = a 3 placed in a room 30 m long, 24 m broad and 18 m high.

Euler’s Theorem → (V + F ) = ( E + 2); where V → number Solution d = l 2 + b 2 + h2

of vertices, F → number of faces, E → number of edges d = 900 + 576 + 324 ⇒ d = 30 2 m

Exp. 1) The dimensions of a cuboid are 16 cm, 18 cm and Exp. 6) A brick measures 20 cm × 10 cm × 7.5 cm. How
24 cm. Find : many bricks will be required for a wall
(a) volume (b) surface area (c) diagonal 20 m × 2 m × 0.75 m?
Solution (a) Volume = l × b × h = 16 × 18 × 24= 6912 cm 3 total volume of a wall
(b) Solution Number of bricks =
volume of one brick
Surface area = 2 ( lb + bh + hl)
20 × 2 × 0.75 × 100 × 100 × 100
= 2 (16 × 18 + 18 × 24 + 24 × 16) = = 20000
20 × 10 × 7.5
= 2208 cm 2

Introductory Exercise 10.5

1. A cube of metal, each edge of which measures 4 cm, 3. The three co-terminus edges of a rectangular solid are
weighs 400 kg. What is the length of each edge of a 36 cm, 75 cm and 80 cm respectively. Find the edge of
cube of the same metal which weighs 3200 kg? a cube which will be of the same capacity.
(a) 64 cm (b) 8 cm (a) 60 cm (b) 52 cm
(c) 2 cm (d) none of these (c) 46 cm (d) none of these
2. The length of a tank is thrice that of breadth, which is 4. A tank 10 m long and 4 m wide is filled with water. How
256 cm deep and holds 3000 L water. What is the base many litres of water must be drawn off to make the
area of the tank? (1000 L = 1 cubic metre) surface sink by 1 m? (1000 L = 1 cubic metre)
(a) 111775 m2 (b) 1171.875 m2 (a) 20 kilolitre (b) 40 kilolitre
2
(c) 1.171875 m (d) none of these (c) 50 kilolitre (d) none of these

Page 15 of 277
468 QUANTUM CAT
5. How many cubes each of surface area 24 sq. dm can 15. Three cubes each of edge 3 cm long are placed
be made out of a metre cube, without any wastage? together as shown in the adjoining figure. Find the
(a) 75 (b) 250 surface area of the cuboid so formed :
(c) 125 (d) 62
6. Three cubes of metal, whose edges are 3 cm, 4 cm and
5 cm respectively are melted to form a new cube. What
3cm

m
is the surface area of the new cube?

3c
(a) 216 cm2 (b) 56 cm2
3cm 3cm 3cm
(c) 36 cm2 (d) none of these
(a) 182 sq cm (b) 162 sq cm
7. A lid of rectangular box of sides 39.5 cm by 9.35 cm is
(c) 126 sq cm (d) none of these
sealed all around with tape such that there is an
16. A room is 36 m long, 12 m wide and 10 m high. It has
overlapping of 3.75 cm of the tape. What is the length
6 windows, each 3 m × 2.5 m; one door 9.5 m × 6 m
of the tape used?
and one fire chimney 4 m × 4.5 m. Find the
(a) 111.54 cm (b) 101.45 cm
expenditure of papering its walls at the rate of
(c) 110.45 cm (d) none of these
70 paise per metre, if the width of the paper is 1.2 m.
8. A cistern from inside is 12.5 m long, 8.5 m broad and (a) ` 490 (b) ` 690
4 m high and is open at top. Find the cost of cementing (c) ` 1000 (d) none of these
the inside of a cistern at ` 24 per sq m.
17. A school hall has the dimensions 30 m, 12 m by 6 m.
(a) ` 6582 (b) ` 8256
Find the number of children who can be
(c) ` 7752 (d) ` 8752
accommodated, if each child should get 8 m3 of
9. 250 men took a dip in a water tank at a time, which is space.
80 m × 50 m. What is the rise in the water level if the (a) 240 (b) 270
average displacement of 1 man is 4 m3 ? (c) 250 (d) 150
(a) 22 cm (b) 25 cm (c) 18 cm (d) 30 cm 18. When each side of a cube is increased by 2 cm, the
10. The edge of a cube is increased by 100%, the surface volume is increased by 1016 cm3 . Find the side of the
area of the cube is increased by : cube. If each side of it is decreased by 2 cm, by how
(a) 100% (b) 200% (c) 300% (d) 400% much will the volume decrease?
11. The edge of a cube is doubled. What will be the new (a) 12 cm, 729 cm3
volume? (b) 8 cm, 512 cm3
(a) 2 times (b) 3 times (c) 9 cm, 729 cm3
(c) 4 times (d) 8 times (d) 12 cm, 728 cm3
12. The external dimensions of a wooden box closed at 19. Three equal cubes are placed adjacently in a row. Find
both ends are 24 cm, 16 cm and 10 cm respectively the ratio of the total surface area of the resulting cuboid
and thickness of the wood is 5 mm. If the empty box to that of the sum of the total surface areas of the three
weighs 7.35 kg, find the weight of 1 cubic cm of wood. cubes.
(a) 10 g (b) 12.5 g (a) 5 : 7 (b) 7 : 9
(c) 27 g (d) 15 g (c) 9 : 7 (d) none of these
13. The internal dimensions of a tank are 12 dm, 8 dm and 20. A hollow square shaped tube open at both ends is
5 dm. How many cubes each of edge 7 cm can be made of iron. The internal square is of 5 cm side and
placed in the tank with faces parallel to the sides of the the length of the tube is 8 cm. There are 192 cm3 of
tank. Find also, how much space is left unoccupied. iron in the tube. Find its thickness.
(a) 35; 113 dm3 (b) 1313; 31.13 dm3 (a) 2 cm (b) 0.5 cm
3
(c) 1309; 31.013 dm (d) 1309; 13.31 dm3 (c) 1 cm (d) can’t be determined
14. The length, breadth and height of box are 2 m, 1.5 m 21. A cube of 11 cm edge is immersed completely in a
and 80 cm respectively. What would be the cost of rectangular vessel containing water. If the dimensions
canvas to cover it up fully, if one square metre of canvas of base are 15 cm and 12 cm. Find the rise in water
costs ` 25.00? level in the vessel.
(a) ` 260 (b) ` 290 (a) 6.85 cm (b) 7 cm
(c) ` 285 (d) none of these (c) 7.31 cm (d) 7.39 cm

Page 16 of 277
Mensuration 469

22. A rectangular tank 25 cm long and 20 cm wide 27. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
contains water to a depth of 5 cm. A metal cube of side Geometrical objects Number of vertices
10 cm is placed in the tank so that one face of the cube (A) Tetrahedron 4
rests on the bottom of the tank. Find how many litres (B) Pyramid with rectangular base 5
of water must be poured into the tank so as to just (C) Cube 6
cover the cube. (D) Triangle 3
(a) 1 L (b) 1.5 L (a) (A) (b) (B)
(c) 2 L (d) 2.5 L (c) (C) (d) (D)
23. A rectangular block has length 10 cm, breadth 8 cm 28. If the length of diagonal of a cube is 6 3 cm, then the
and height 2 cm. From this block, a cubical hole of length of its edge is :
side 2 cm is drilled out. Find the volume and the (a) 2 cm (b) 3 cm
surface area of the remaining solid. 36
(c) 6 cm (d) cm
(a) 152 cm3 , 512 cm2 (b) 125 cm3 , 215 cm2 3
3 2
(c) 152 cm , 240 cm (d) 125 cm3 , 512 cm2 29. The length of longest pole that can be placed on the
24. A rectangular tank of dimensions 24 m × 12 m × 8 m floor of a room is 12 m and the length of longest pole
is dug inside a rectangular field 600 m long and 200 m that can be placed in the room is 15 m. The height of
broad. The earth taken out is evenly spread over the the room is :
field. By how much will the level of the field rise? (a) 3 m (b) 6 m
(a) 1.925 cm (b) 0.02 m (c) 9 m (d) none of these
(c) 0.2 cm (d) none of these 30. The sum of length, breadth and depth of a cuboid is 12
25. How many bricks (number near to next hundred) will cm and its diagonal is 5 2 cm. Its surface area is
be required to build a wall 30 m long, 30 cm thick and (a) 152 cm2 (b) 94 cm2
5 m high with a provision of 2 doors, each 4 m × 2.5 m (c) 108 cm2 (d) 60 2 cm2
and each brick being 20 cm × 16 cm × 8 cm when 31. The volume of a wall, 3 times as high as it is broad and
one-ninth of the wall is filled with lime? 8 times as long as it is high, is 36.864 m3 . The height
(a) 13500 bricks (b) 13600 bricks of the wall is :
(c) 20050 bricks (d) 18500 bricks (a) 1.8 m (b) 2.4 m
26. A rectangular water reservoir is 15 m by 12 m at the (c) 4.2 m (d) none of these
base. Water flows into it through a pipe whose 32. If the areas of 3 adjacent sides of a cuboid are x, y, z
cross-section is 5 cm by 3 cm at the rate of
respectively, then the volume of the cuboid is :
16 m per second. Find the height to which the water
(a) xyz (b) xyz
will rise in the reservoir in 25 min.
(c) 3xyz (d) none of these
(a) 0.2 m (b) 2 cm
(c) 0.5 m (d) none of these

10.9 Cylinder and Cone

Cylinder : Total surface of the cylinder
Volume = base area × height = πr h
2
= curved surface area + 2 (base area)
Curved surface area = 2πrh + 2πr 2 = 2πr ( h + r )
= perimeter × height = 2πrh Volume of a hollow cylinder = πh ( R 2 − r 2 )
Radius
R r

h
Height

Base

Page 17 of 277
470 QUANTUM CAT
Cone : 22
= πr 2 h = × 2 × 2 × 14
7
= 176 m 3
h (height) l (lateral/slant height)
Exp. 3) A hollow cylindrical tube open at both ends is
made of iron 2 cm thick. If the external diameter be 50 cm
and the length of the tube is 210 cm, find the number of
cubic cm of iron in it.
r (radius of the base) Solution External radius (R) = 25 cm
1 Internal radius (r) = ( 25 − 2) = 23 cm
Volume (V ) = × base area × height Volume of iron = πh ( R 2 − r 2 )
3
22
1 = × 210 × ( 25 2 − 23 2 )
= πr 2 h 7
3 = 63360 cm 3
Curved surface area = πrl
Total surface area = πrl + πr 2 = πr ( l + r ) Exp. 4) A well with 14 m inside diameter is dugout
15 m deep. The earth taken out of it has been evenly
Frustum of a cone : spread all around it to a width of 21 m to form an
Volume of the frustum of a cone embarkment. What is the height of the embarkment?
π Solution Area of embarkment × height of embarkment
= h ( r 2 + Rr + R 2 )
3 = volume of earth dugout
π ( R 2 − r 2 ) × h = π × 7 × 7 × 15
⇒ ( 282 − 7 2 ) h = 7 × 7 × 15
⇒ ( 35 × 21) × h = 7 × 7 × 15
r
⇒ h =1m
h l
Exp. 5) A cylindrical cistern whose diameter is
21 cm is partly filled with water. If a rectangular block of
R iron 14 cm in length, 10.5 cm in breadth and 11 cm in
Curved/Lateral surface area of the frustum of cone thickness is wholly immersed in water, by how many
centimetres will the water level rise?
= πl ( r + R )
Solution Volume of the block = 14 × 10.5 × 11 cm 3
Exp. 1) The base radius of a cylinder is 14 cm and its 21
Radius of the tank = = 10.5 cm
height is 30 cm. Find : 2
(a) volume (b) curved surface area 22 21 21
Volume of the cylinder = πr 2 h = × × ×h
(c) total surface area 7 2 2
Solution (a) Volume of cylinder 22 21 21
∴ × × × h = 14 × 10.5 × 11
22 7 2 2
= πr 2 × h = × 14 × 14 × 30
7 14 2
h= = 4 cm
= 18480 cm 3
3 3
22
(b) Curved surface area = 2πrh = 2 × × 14 × 30 Exp. 6) If the radius of cylinder is doubled, but height is
7
= 2640 cm 2 reduced by 50%. What is the percentage change in
(c) Total surface area = 2πr ( h + r) volume?
22 r1 r h1 h
=2× × 14 ( 30 + 14) Solution = and =
7 r2 2r h2 h/2
22 ∴ Actual volume = πr 2 h
=2× × 14 × 44 = 3872 cm2
7 h
New volume = π ( 2r) 2 × = 2πr 2 h
Exp. 2) How many cubic metres of earth must be dug to 2
make a well 14 m deep and 4 m in diameter? Therefore new volume is the twice of the original volume.
Solution Earth to be dugout from the well 2−1
Hence the change in volume = × 100 = 100%
= volume of the cylindrical well 1

Page 18 of 277
Mensuration 471

1
Exp. 7) The radius of the base of a right cone is (d) Volume = πr 2 h
3
35 cm and its height is 84 cm. Find :
1 22
(a) slant height = × × 35 × 35 × 84 = 107800 cm 3
3 7
(b) curved surface area
(c) total surface area Exp. 8) Find the area of the iron sheet required to
(d) volume prepare a cone 20 cm high with base radius 21 cm.
Solution (a) Slant height( l) = r 2 + h2 Solution r = 21 cm, h = 20 cm
(r → radius of the circular base) ∴ l = r 2 + h2 = 29 cm
= 35 + 84
2 2
(h → height of the cone) ∴ Area of the sheet = total surface area of the cone
= 1225 + 7056 = πrl + πr 2 = πr ( l + r)
22
= 8281 = 91 cm = × 21 [29 + 21] = 3300 cm 2
7
22
(b) Curved surface area = πrl = × 35 × 91
7 Exp. 9) A solid metallic cylinder of base radius
= 10010 cm 2 3 cm and height 5 cm is melted to make n solid cones of
height 1 cm and base radius 1 mm. Find the value of n.
(c) Total surface area = lateral surface area + base area
volume of cylinder
= πrl + πr 2 = πr ( l + r) Solution n=
volume of one cone
22 π × 3 × 3 ×5
= × 35 ( 91 + 84) = = 13500
7 1 1 1
= 110 × 175 = 19250 cm 2 π× × ×1
3 10 10

Introductory Exercise 10.6

1. How many cubic metres of water fill a pipe which is 6. The amount of concrete required to build a cylindrical
3500 m long and 0.08 m in diameter? pillar whose base has a perimeter of 8.8 m and whose
(a) 17.5 m3 (b) 17.6 m3 (c) 21 m3 (d) 35 m3 curved surface area is 17.6 m2 :
(a) 12.32 m3 (b) 12.23 m3
2. A cube of metal, whose edge is 10 cm, is wholly 3
(c) 9.235 m (d) 8.88 m3
immersed in water contained in cylindrical tube whose
diameter is 20 cm. By how much will the water level 7. If the diameter of the base of a closed right circular
rise in the tube? cylinder be equal to its height ‘h’, then its whole
3 surface area is :
(a) 3.3 cm (b) 6 cm
11 2 3 3
(a) πh2 (b) πh3 (c) πh2 (d) πh3
2 3 2 2
(c) 3 cm (d) none of these
11 8. A right circular cylindrical tunnel of diameter 4 m and
3. Find the height of the cylinder whose volume is 511 m3 length 10 m is to be constructed from a sheet of iron.
and the area of the base is 36.5 m2 : The area of the iron sheet required :
280
(a) 7 m (b) 10.5 m (a) (b) 40 π
(c) 14 m (d) none of these π
(c) 80 π (d) none of these
4. The lateral surface area of a cylinder is 1056 cm2 and
its height is 16 cm. What is its volume? 9. The ratio between curved surface area and total
(a) 5566 cm3 (b) 4455 cm3 surface area is 2 : 3. If the total surface area be
(c) 5544 cm 3
(d) none of these 924 cm2, find the volume of the cylinder :
(a) 2156 cm3 (b) 1256 cm3
5. There is a cubical block of wood of side 2 cm. If the 3
(c) 1265 cm (d) none of these
cylinder of the largest possible volume is curved out
from it. Find the volume of the remaining wood : 10. If the volume and curved surface area of a cylinder are
7 12 269.5 cm3 and 154 cm2 respectively, what is the height
(a) cm2 (b) cm3 of the cylinder?
12 7
5 (a) 6 (b) 3.5
(c) 5 cm3 (d) none of these
7 (c) 7 (d) can’t be determined

Page 19 of 277
472 QUANTUM CAT
11. If the curved surface area of a cylinder is 1320 cm2 and 21. A conical vessel has a capacity of 15 L of milk. Its
its base radius is 21 cm, then its total surface area is : height is 50 cm and base radius is 25 cm. How much
(a) 4092 cm2 (b) 2409 cm2 milk can be contained in a vessel in cylindrical form
(c) 4920 cm 2
(d) none of these having the same dimensions as that of the cone?
(a) 15 L (b) 30 L
12. The ratio between the radius of the base and the height
(c) 45 L (d) none of these
of a cylindrical pillar is 3 : 4. If its volume is 4851 m3 ,
the curved surface area of the pillar is : 22. The height of a cone is 30 cm. A small cone is cut off
(a) 924 m2 (b) 1617 m2 at the top by a plane parallel to the base. If its
2 1
(c) 425 m (d) none of these volume be of the volume of the given cone, at
27
13. If the ratio of total surface area to the curved surface what height above the base is the section made?
area of a cylinder be 4 : 1, what is the ratio of radius to (a) 20 cm (b) 18 cm (c) 27 cm (d) 15 cm
the height?
23. A tent is in the form of right circular cone 10.5 m high,
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 2 : 3
the diameter of the base being 13 m. If 8 men are in
(c) 3 : 2 (d) 3 : 1
the tent, find the average number of cubic metres of
14. The circumference of the base of a right cylinder is air space per man.
33 cm and height is 330 cm. What is the volume of this 3 9 3
cylinder? (a) 32 (b) 59.75 (c) 36 (d) 58
58 13 32
(a) 28586.25 cm3 (b) 3344 cm3
3 24. The radius and height of a right circular cone are in the
(c) 4433 cm (d) 3456 cm3 2
ratio of 5 : 12. If its volume is 314 m3 , its slant height
15. The radius of an iron rod decreased to one-fourth. If its 7
volume remains constant, the length will become : is :
(a) 2 times (b) 8 times (a) 26 m (b) 19.5 m
(c) 4 times (d) 16 times (c) 13 m (d) none of these
16. The total surface area of the cylinder is 2640 m2 25. The volume and height of a right circular cone are
and the sum of height and radius of base of cylinder is 1232 cm3 and 24 cm respectively, the area of its
30 m. What is the ratio of height and radius of the curved surface (in cm2) is :
cylinder? (a) 1100 (b) 225 (c) 616 (d) 550
(a) 7 : 9 (b) 9 : 7 26. The circumference of the base of a right circular cone
(c) 8 : 7 (d) 3 : 7 is 220 cm3 and its height 84 cm. The curved surface
area of the cone is :
17. The radii of two cylinders are in the ratio of 3 : 5 and
(a) 20020 cm2 (b) 2020 cm2
their heights are in the ratio 4 : 3. The ratio of their
(c) 2200 cm2 (d) 10010 cm2
volumes is :
(a) 12 : 25 (b) 13 : 25 27. How many metres of cloth 10 m wide will be required
to make a conical tent with base radius of 14 m and
(c) 4 : 5 (d) 5 : 4
height is 48 m?
18. The heights of two cylinders are in the ratio of 3 : 1. If (a) 110 m (b) 55 m (c) 77 m (d) 220 m
the volumes of two cylinders be same, the ratio of their
28. A cone of height 2.8 cm has a lateral surface area
respective radii are :
23.10 m2. The radius of the base is :
(a) 3 : 1 (b) 1 : 3
(a) 3.5 cm (b) 2 cm (c) 2.1 cm (d) 4 cm
(c) 1 : 9 (d) none of these
29. The radii of two cones are equal and their slant heights
19. The ratio of heights of two cylinders is 3 : 2 and the
are in the ratio 3 : 2. If the curved surface area of the
ratio of their radii is 6 : 7. What is the ratio of their smaller cone is 300 cm2, then the curved surface area
curved surface areas? of the bigger cone (in cm2) is :
(a) 9 : 7 (b) 1 : 1 (a) 250 (b) 450 (c) 150 (d) 200
(c) 7 : 9 (d) 7 : 4
30. The ratio of the volume of a right circular cylinder and
20. A hollow garden roller 42 cm wide with a girth of a right circular cone of the same base and height will
132 cm is made of iron 3 cm thick. The volume of the be :
iron of the roller is : (a) 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 3 (c) 3 : 1 (d) 9 : 1
(a) 15544 cm3
31. If the diameter of the base of right circular cone is
(b) 15444 cm3 equal to 8 cm and its slant height is 5 cm, then the
(c) 15545 cm3 area of its axial section is :
(d) none of the above (a) 9 cm2 (b) 12 cm2 (c) 20 cm2 (d) 40 cm2

Page 20 of 277
Mensuration 473

32. If the base radius and the height of a right circular 37. A conical tent has 60° angle at the vertex. The ratio of
cone are increased by 40%, then the percentage its radius and slant height is :
increase in volume (approx) is : (a) 3 : 2 (b) 1 : 2
(a) 175% (b) 120% (c) 1 : 3 (d) can’t be determined
(c) 64% (d) 540%
38. Water flows at the rate of 5 m per min from a cylindrical
33. From a circular sheet of paper of radius 25 cm, a pipe 16 mm in diameter. How long will it take to fill up a
sector area 4% is removed. If the remaining part is conical vessel whose radius is 12 cm and depth is 35
used to make a conical surface, then the ratio of the cm?
radius and height of the cone is : (a) 315 s (b) 365 s
(a) 16 : 25 (b) 9 : 25
(c) 5 min (d) none of these
(c) 7 : 12 (d) 24 : 7
39. A reservoir is in the shape of a frustum of a right
34. If the radius of the base is doubled, keeping the height
circular cone. It is 8 m across at the top and 4 m
constant, what is the ratio of the volume of the larger
across at the bottom. It is 6 m deep its capacity is :
cone to the smaller cone?
(a) 224 m3 (b) 176 m3
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 3 : 1 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 4 : 3 3
(c) 225 m (d) none of these
35. A largest possible cone is cut out from a cube of
40. A conical vessel whose internal radius is 10 cm and
volume 1000 cm3 . The volume of the cone is :
height 72 cm is full of water. If this water is poured into
(a) 280 cm3 (b) 261.9 cm3
3 a cylindrical vessel with internal radius 30 cm, the
(c) 269.1 cm (d) 296.1 cm3 height of the water level rises in it is :
36. If the height and the radius of a cone are doubled, the 2 2
(a) 2 cm (b) 3 cm
volume of the cone becomes : 3 3
(a) 2 times (b) 8 times 2
(c) 5 cm (d) none of these
(c) 16 times (d) 4 times 3

10.10 Sphere, Prism and Pyramid

Sphere Circles in the Sphere
(i) Great Circle: If a plane Large Circle

r (radius)
cuts the sphere at the
centre, we get two
hemispheres of equal
4 3 volume and equal surface
Volume = πr , Surface area = 4πr 2
3 area. In this case, the circles that we get are called great
circles, since these are the circles with the greatest
Hemisphere : r (radius) possible chords. The longest chord (or diameter) of the
2
Volume = πr 3 great circle is same as the longest chord (or diameter) of
3 the sphere.
Curved surface area = 2πr 2 (ii) Small Circle: If a plane cuts the spheres in such a way
that the cut is not made through the centre of the sphere,
Total surface area = 3πr 2 = (2πr 2 + πr 2 )
then we get two frustums of unequal volume and
Spherical shell : unequal lateral surface area, but the area of the two
4 circles would be same. However, these circles would be
Volume = π (R 3 − r 3 ) called as small circles, since the diameter of these circles
3
is shorter than the diameter of the sphere.
Total surface area = 4π ( R 2 + r 2 ) Small Circle

R
r

Page 21 of 277
474 QUANTUM CAT
Spherical cap of a Sphere Sector of a Sphere
If a plane cuts the sphere into two portions then each portion A sector of a sphere is the solid subtended at the centre of the
is known as a cap. sphere by a segment. Essentially, a sector of a sphere is the
The larger portion is known as major cap and the smaller combination of the spherical cap and the cone, where the
portion is known as minor cap. base of spherical cap and sphere are the same and the vertex
of the cone is the centre of the sphere. It is just like an
ice-cream cone.
R

R
Sphere Major Cap Minor Cap

Let us consider the radius of sphere as R and the

radius of the small circle as r and the height of the
cap as h.
πh 2 Let us consider the radius of the sphere as R and height of the
Volume of a Spherical cap = ( h + 3r 2 ) spherical cap of the sphere as h.
6
(If r is known) Volume of the Spherical Sector = Volume of the spherical
πh 2 2πR 2 h
Volume of a Spherical cap = (3R − h) cap + Volume of the cone =
3 3
(If R is known) Total Surface Area of the Spherical Sector = Lateral surface
Lateral Surface Area of a Spherical Cap = perimeter of area of the spherical cap + Lateral surface area of the cone
the sphere×height of the cap = 2πRh = πR (2h + r )

Total Surface Area of a Spherical Cap = 2πRh + πr 2 Prism

= π (2r 2 + h 2 ) Volume = Base area × height

Zone or Frustum of a Sphere

The portion of the surface of a sphere included between two
h (height)
parallel planes, which intersect the sphere, is called a zone.
The distance between the two planes is called height or Base
thickness of the zone.
Lateral surface area
r1 = perimeter of the base × height

r2

h (height)

Let us consider the radius of the sphere as R, height of the Base

zone as h and the radii of the two small circles as r1 and r2 .
πh 2 Pyramid
Volume of the zone = ( h + 3r12 + 3r22 ) 1
6 Volume = × base area × height
Lateral Surface Area of the zone 3
= perimeter of the sphere × height of the zone = 2 πR h 1
Lateral surface area = × Slant height (l)
Total Surface Area of the zone 2
= 2π (rh + r12 + r22 ) perimeter of the base
× slant height Base

Page 22 of 277
Mensuration 475

Total surface area = lateral surface area + base area Curved surface area = 2πr 2
22 7 7
=2× × × = 77 cm 2
l (slant height) 7 2 2
l (slant height) Total surface area = 3 πr 2
22 7 7
=3× × ×
7 2 2
= 115.5 cm 2

Base
Base
Exp. 3) How many bullets can be made from a sphere of
Exp. 1) Find the volume and surface area of a sphere of 8 cm radius. The radius of each bullet must be 0.2 cm.
radius 3.5 cm. volume of sphere
4 3 Solution Number of bullets =
Solution Volume = πr volume of 1 bullet
3 4
4 22 π ×8×8×8
= × × 3.5 × 3.5 × 3.5 = 179.66 cm 3 = 3 = 64000
3 7 4
π × 0.2 × 0.2 × 0.2
Surface area = 4πr 2 3
22
=4× × 3.5 × 3.5 = 154 cm 2
7 Exp. 4) A sphere has the same curved surface as a cone
of height 12 cm and base radius 5 cm. Find the radius to the
Exp. 2) Find the volume, curved surface area and total
nearest cm.
surface area of a hemisphere of diameter 7 cm.
Solution 4πr 2 = π × 5 × 13
2 3
Solution Volume = πr 65
3 ⇒ r2 =
2 22 7 7 7 4
= × × × × = 89.833 cm 3 ⇒ r = 4 cm (approx.)
3 7 2 2 2

Introductory Exercise 10.7

1. A spherical ball of lead 6 cm in radius is melted and 5. The volume of a spherical shell whose external and
recast into three spherical balls. The radii of two of internal diameters are 14 cm and 10 cm respectively
these balls are 3 cm and 4 cm. What is the radius of 872
(a) 42 π cm3 (b) π cm3
the third sphere? 3
(a) 4.5 cm (b) 5 cm (c) 118 π cm3 (d) 86 π cm3
(c) 6 cm (d) 7 cm 6. A solid metal ball of diameter 16 cm is melted and
2. The radius of a copper sphere is 12 cm. The sphere is cast into smaller balls, each of radius 1 cm. The
melted and drawn into a long wire of uniform circular number of such balls is :
cross-section. If the length of the wire is (a) 256 (b) 2048 (c) 512 (d) 4096
144 cm, the radius of wire is : 7. If a hemispherical dome has an inner radius 21 cm
(a) 1 cm (b) 2 cm then its volume (in m3 ) is :
(c) 4 cm (d) none of these (a) 4910 m3
3. A hemispherical bowl of internal radius 6 cm contains (b) 18354 m3
alcohol. This alcohol is to be filled into cylindrical (c) 19404 m3
shaped small bottles of diameter 6 cm and height (d) none of the above
1 cm. How many bottles will be needed to empty the 8. A sphere of radius 9 cm is dropped into a cylindrical
bowl? vessel partly filled with water. The radius of the vessel
(a) 36 (b) 27 (c) 16 (d) 4 is 12 cm. If the sphere is submerged completely, then
4. A hemisphere of lead of diameter 14 cm is cast into a the surface of the water rises by :
right circular cone of height 14 cm. The radius of the (a) 27.5 cm
base of the cone is : (b) 27 cm
(a) 7 cm (b) 14 cm (c) 12 cm
(c) 21 cm (d) none of these (d) 6.75 cm

Page 23 of 277
476 QUANTUM CAT
9. If the height of a cone is half the radius of a sphere Directions (for Q. Nos. 15 to 17) Answer these questions
then the radius of the base of the cone, which has the based on the following information.
same volume as a sphere of radius 7 cm is : A sphere of 17 cm radius is cut by two parallel planes
14
(a) 14 m (b) cm which are 7 cm apart but on the same side of the centre of
2
the sphere. The radius of one of the ends of the zone (or
(c) 14 2 cm (d) none of these
frustum) is 8 cm.
10. From a solid sphere of radius 15 cm, a right circular
15. What is the volume of the zone?
cylindrical hole of radius 9 cm whose axis passing 3206
through the centre is removed. The total surface area (a) 786π (b) π
3
of the remaining solid is : 4096
(c) 1786π (d) π
(a) 1188 π cm2 (b) 1080 π cm2 3
(c) 1152 π cm 2
(d) 1440 π cm2
16. What is the volume of the larger spherical cap of the
11. If a plane cuts the hemisphere parallel to the great two?
circle of the hemisphere, the portion of hemisphere 15650 14400
(a) π (b) π
that has the great circle is called as 7 3
(a) Cone (b) sector 16250
(c) π (d) none of these
(c) zone (d) spherical cap 3
Directions (for Q. Nos. 12 to 14) Answer these questions 17. What is the total surface area of the smaller spherical
based on the following information. cap of the two?
A sphere of 5 cm radius is cut by two parallel planes which (a) 72π (b) 81π
are 7 cm apart but on the opposite sides of the centre of the (c) 68π (d) none of these
sphere. The radius of one of the ends of the zone is 3 cm. 18. Find the volume of the sector of a sphere of radius 25 cm.
The radius of the base of the conical base is 7 cm.
12. What is the volume (in cu. cm.) of the zone?
1280
434 112 (a) 344 2π (b) π
(a) π (b) π 3
3 3
1250
541 (c) 120 3π (d) π
(c) π (d) 121π 3
3
13. What is the volume (in cu. cm.) of the smaller 19. The volume of a pyramid of base area 25 cm2 and
spherical cap of the two? height 12 cm is :
21 17 14 (a) 200 cm3 (b) 100 cm3
(a) π (b) π (c) π (d) 6π
5 4 3 (c) 400 cm3 (d) 800 cm3
14. What is the lateral surface area (in sq. cm.) of the 20. If the base of right rectangular prism remains constant
larger spherical cap of the two? and the measures of the lateral edges are halved, then
(a) 10π (b) 16π its volume will be reduced by :
(c) 25π (d) 20π (a) 50% (b) 33.33%
(c) 66.66% (d) none of these

Page 24 of 277
Mensuration 477

CAT-Test
Questions Helping you bell the CAT

Multifaceted Exercise
1 If the side of an equilateral triangle is r, then the area of the 9 If the surface areas of two spheres are in the ratio
triangle varies directly as : 4 : 9, then the ratio of their volumes is :
(a) r (b) r (c) r2 (d) r3 (a) 8 : 25 (b) 8 : 26
2 The length of the minute hand of the clock is 6 cm. The area (c) 8 : 27 (d) 8 : 28
swept by the minute hand in 30 minutes is : 10 The side of a rhombus are 10 cm and one of its diagonal is
1 1 16 cm. The area of the rhombus is :
(a) cm2 (b) cm2
36π 18π (a) 96 cm2 (b) 95 cm2
2
(c) 18π cm2 (d) 36π cm2 (c) 94 cm (d) 93 cm2
11 In the adjoining figure PQRS is a
3 If the diagonals of a rhombus are 18 cm and 24 cm S
respectively, then its perimeter is : rectangle 8 cm × 6 cm, inscribed in the P
(a) 15 cm (b) 42 cm (c) 60 cm (d) 70 cm circle. The area of the shaded portion
will be : Q R
4 If the ratio of diagonals of two squares is 3 : 2 then the ratio
(a) 48 cm2
of the areas of two squares is :
(b) 42.50 cm2
(a) 4 : 5 (b) 6 : 5
(c) 32.50 cm2
(c) 9 : 4 (d) 3 : 2 (d) 30.5 cm2
5 In the given figure, ABCD is a 8m 12 In the adjoining figure AB = CD = 2BC = 2BP = 2CQ . In the
trapezium in which the parallel D C
sides AB, CD are both middle, a circle with radius 1 cm is drawn. In the rest figure
perpendicular to BC. Find the all are the semicircular arcs. What is the perimeter of the
m

area of the trapezium. whole figure?

17

(a) 140 m2
(b) 168 m2 E
B
2 A
(c) 180 m 16m
A P B O C Q D
(d) 156.4 m2
6 One cubic metre piece of copper is melted and recast into a (a) 4π (b) 8π
square cross-section bar, 36 m long. An exact cube is cut off
(c) 10π (d) none of these
from this bar. If cubic metre of copper cost ` 108, then the
cost of this cube is : 13 In a shower 10 cm of rain fall the volume of water that falls
(a) 50 paisa (b) 75 paisa on 1.5 hectares of ground is :
(c) 1 rupee (d) 1.50 rupee (a) 1500 m3 (b) 1400 m3
7 If ‘h’ be the height of a pyramid standing on a base which is (c) 1200 m3 (d) 1000 m3
an equilateral triangle of side ‘a’ units, then the slant height 14 The base of a prism is a right angle triangle and the two
is : sides containing the right angle are 8 cm and 15 cm. If its
(a) h 2 + a2/4 (b) h 2 + a2/8 height is 20 cm, then the volume of the prism is :
(a) 1600 cc (b) 300 cc
(c) h 2 + a2/3 (d) h 2 + a2
(c) 1200 cc (d) 600 cc
8 The area of the square base of a right pyramid is 64 cm2. If 15 A conical circus tent is to be made of canvas. The height of
the area of each triangle forming the slant surface is 22
the tent is 35 m and the radius of the base is 84 m. If π = ,
20 cm2, then the volume of the pyramid is : 7
128 then the canvas required is :
(a) 64 cm3 (b) cm3
3 (a) 24000 m2 (b) 24004 m2
64
(c) 3 cm3 (d) 64 2 cm3 (c) 24014 m2 (d) 24024 m2
3

Page 25 of 277
478 QUANTUM CAT
16 The radius of base and the volume of a right circular cone 25 If BC passes through centre of the circle, then the area of
are doubled. The ratio of the length of the larger cone to the shaded region in the given figure is :
that of the smaller cone is : a2
(a) (3 − π ) B
(a) 1 : 4 (b) 1 : 2 2
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 4 : 1 π 
(b) a2  − 1 a
17 A cone and a hemisphere have equal base diameter and 2 
a
equal volumes. The ratio of their heights is : (c) 2a2 (π − 1) A C
(a) 3 : 1 (b) 2 : 1 a2  π 
(d)  − 1
(c) 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 3 2 2 
18 A hollow sphere of internal and external diameters 4 cm 26 A river 3 m deep and 60 m wide is flowing at the rate of 2.4
and 8 cm respectively is melted to form a solid cylinder of
km/h. The amount of water running into the sea per
base diameter 8 cm. The height of the cylinder is
minute is :
approximately :
(a) 6000 m3 (b) 6400 m3
(a) 4.5 cm (b) 4.57 cm
(c) 6800 m3 (d) 7200 m3
(c) 4.67 cm (d) 4.7 cm
19 The perimeter of the figure given below correct to one 27 A cone whose height is 15 cm and radius of base is 6 cm is
decimal place is : trimmed sufficiently to reduce it to a pyramid whose base is
an equilateral triangle. The volume of the portion removed
2m
is :
(a) 330 cm3 (b) 328 cm3
10 m 3
(c) 325 cm (d) 331 cm3
28 If a solid right circular cylinder is made of iron is heated to
2m
increase its radius and height by 1% each, then the volume
2m 2m of the solid is increased by :
20m (a) 1.01% (b) 3.03%
(a) 56 m (b) 56.6 m (c) 2.02% (d) 1.2%
(c) 57.2 m (d) 57.9 m 29 The base of a prism is a regular hexagon. If every edge of
20 The sum of the radii of the two circle is 140 cm and the the prism measures 1 m, then the volume of the prism is :
difference between their circumference is 88 cm. The 3 2 3 3 3 3
(a) m (b) m
radius of the larger circle is : 2 2
(a) 60 cm (b) 70 cm 6 2 3 5 3 3
(c) 63 cm (d) 77 cm (c) m (d) m
5 2
21 If the lateral surface of a right circular cone is 2 times its 30 If the side of a square is 24 cm, then the circumference of its
base, then the semi-vertical angle of the cone must be : circumscribed circle (in cm) is :
(a) 15° (b) 30° (c) 45° (d) 60° (a) 24 3π (b) 24 2π (c) 12 2π (d) 24π
22 There is a pyramid on a base which is a regular hexagon of 31 An isosceles right angled triangle has area 112.5 m2. The
(5a)
side 2a. If every slant edge of this pyramid is of length , length of its hypotenuse (in cm) is :
2
(a) 21.213 (b) 21.013
then the volume of this pyramid must be :
(c) 21.113 (d) 21.313
(a) 3a3 (b) 3a3 2
3 32 Two circles of unit radii, are so drawn that the centre of
(c) 3a 3 (d) 6a3
each lies on the circumference of the other. The area of the
14 region, common to both the circles, is :
23 The slant height of a conical tent made of canvas is m.
3 (4π − 3 3) (4π − 6 3)
The radius of tent is 2.5 m. The width of the canvas is 1.25 (a) (b)
12 12
m. If the rate of canvas per metre is ` 33, then the total cost
of the canvas required for the tent (in `) is : (4π − 3 3) (4π − 6 3)
(c) (d)
(a) 726 (b) 950 6 6
(c) 960 (d) 968 33 If the right circular cone is separated into three solids of
24 A hemispherical basin 150 cm in diameter holds water one volumes V1, V2 and V3 by two planes which are parallel to
hundred and twenty times as much a cylindrical tube. If the the base and trisects the altitude, then V1 : V2 : V3 is :
height of the tube is 15 cm, then the diameter of the tube (a) 1 : 2 : 3
(in cm) is : (b) 1 : 4 : 6
(a) 23 (b) 24 (c) 1 : 6 : 9
(c) 25 (d) 26 (d) 1 : 7 : 19

Page 26 of 277
Mensuration 479

34 Water flows at the rate of 10 m per minute from a 45 Find the area of the shaded region in 6
D C
cylindrical pipe 5 mm in diameter. A conical vessel whose the given figure of square ABCD :
diameter is 40 cm and depth 24 cm is filled. The time taken (a) 128 cm2
to fill the conical vessel is : (b) 192 cm2 16
(a) 50 min (b) 50 min. 12 sec. 2
(c) 148 cm 8
(c) 51 min. 12 sec (d) 51 min. 15 sec
(d) 168 cm2 A B
35 The length of four sides and a 10
7 cm 46 In the following figure
diagonal of the given 5 cm
quadrilateral are indicated in the AB = BC and AC = 84 cm.
6 cm
diagram. If A denotes the area The radius of the inscribed
and l the length of the other circle is 14 cm. B is the centre
diagonal, then A and l are 7 cm 5 cm of the largest semi- circle.
A B C
respectively : What is the area of the
(a) 12 6, 4 6 (b) shaded region?
12 6, 5 6 (a) 335 cm2 (b) 770 cm2
2
(c) 6 6, 4 6 (d) 6 6, 5 6 (c) 840 cm (d) 650 cm2
36 If a regular square pyramid has a base of side 8 cm and 47 A tank 4 m long and 2.5 m wide and 6 m deep is dug in a
height of 30 cm, then its volume is : field 10 m long and 9 m wide. If the earth dugout is evenly
(a) 120 cc (b) 240 cc spread over the field, the rise in level of the field will be :
(a) 80 cm (b) 75 cm (c) 60 cm (d) 30 cm
(c) 640 cc (d) 900 cc
37 A cylinder circumscribes a sphere. The ratio of their
48 An open box is made of wood 2 cm thick. Its internal length
is 86 cm, breadth 46 cm and height is 38 cm. The cost of
volumes is
painting the outer surface of the box at
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 3 : 2 (c) 4 : 3 (d) 5 : 6
` 10 per m2 is :
38 In triangle ABC, BC = 8 cm, AC = 15 cm and AB = 17 cm. (a) ` 18.5 (b) ` 8.65
The length of the altitude drawn from B on AC is : (c) ` 11.65 (d) ` 17.50
(a) 6 cm (b) 7 cm 49 A rectangular tin sheet is 22 m long and 8 m broad. It is
(c) 8 cm (d) 10 cm rolled along its length to form a cylinder by making the
39 The area of the largest possible square inscribed in a circle opposite edges just to touch each other. The volume of the
of unit radius (in square unit) is : cylinder (in m3) is :
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 3π (d) 2 (a) 385 (b) 204
40 The area of the largest triangle that can be inscribed in a (c) 280π (d) 308
semicircle of radius r is : 50 The lateral surface of a cylinder is developed into a square
2
 r whose diagonal is 2 2 cm. The area of the base of the
(a) r2 cm2 (b)   cm2
 3 cylinder (in cm2) is :
(c) r 2 cm2 (d) 3 3r cm2 (a) 3π (b) 1/ π
(c) π (d) 6π
41 If a regular hexagon is inscribed in a circle of radius r, then
its perimeter is 51 If from a circular sheet of paper of radius 15 cm, a sector of
(a) 6 3r (b) 6r 144° is removed and the remaining is used to make a
(c) 3r (d) 12r conical surface, then the angle at the vertex will be :
 3  6
42 If a regular hexagon circumscribes a circle of radius r, then (a) sin −1   (b) sin −1  
 10  5
its perimeter is :
 3  4
(a) 4 3r (b) 6 3r (c) 2 sin −1   (d) 2 sin −1  
(c) 6r (d) 12 3r  5  5
43 In the adjoining figure there D 52 A right circular cone of radius 4 cm and slant height 5 cm is
are three semicircles in which carved out from a cylindrical piece of wood of same radius
BC = 6 cm and BD = 6 3 cm. and height 5 cm. The surface area of the remaining wood
What is the area of the shaded is :
region 90° (a) 84π (b) 70π
(in cm) : A B C (c) 76π (d) 50π
(a) 12π (b) 9π 53 If h, s, V be the height, curved surface area and volume of a
(c) 27 π (d) 28π cone respectively, then (3πVh 3 + 9V 2 − s 2h 2 ) is equal to
44 Area of a rhombus is 144 cm2 and the ratio of length of two (a) 0 (b) π
diagonals is 1 : 2. The sum of lengths of its diagonals are : V 36
(a) 72 cm (b) 40 cm (c) (d)
sh V
(c) 36 cm (d) 18 2 cm

Page 27 of 277
480 QUANTUM CAT
54 If a cone is cut into two parts by a horizontal plane passing 57 A cylinder is circumscribed about a hemisphere and a cone
through the mid point of its axis, the ratio of the volumes of is inscribed in the cylinder so as to have its vertex at the
the upper part and the frustum is : centre of one end and the other end as its base. The
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 volumes of the cylinder, hemisphere and the cone are
(c) 1 : 3 (d) 1 : 7 respectively in the ratio of :
55 A cone, a hemisphere and a cylinder stand on equal bases (a) 3 : 3 : 2 (b) 3 : 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 2 : 3 (d) 2 : 3 : 1
of radius R and have equal heights H. Their whole surfaces 58 The base of a pyramid is a rectangle 40 m long and 20 m
are in the ratio : wide. The slant height of the pyramid from the mid-point of
(a) ( 3 + 1): 3 : 4 (b) ( 2 + 1): 7 : 8 the shorter side of the base to the apex is 29 m. What is the
(c) ( 2 + 1): 3 : 4 (d) none of these volume of pyramid?
56 If a sphere is placed inside a right circular cylinder so as to (a) 5600 m3 (b) 400 m3
3
touch the top, base and the lateral surface of the cylinder. If (c) 6500 m (d) 1753 110 m3
the radius of the sphere is R, the volume of the cylinder is : 59 A copper wire when bent in the form of a square, encloses
(a) 2πR 3 (b) 8πR 3 an area of 121 m2. If the same wire is bent to form a circle,
4
(c) πR 3 (d) none of these the area enclosed by it would be :
3 (a) 122 m2 (b) 112 m2 (c) 154 m2 (d) 308 m2

LEVEL 01 > BASIC LEVEL EXERCISE

1 The perimeter of a parallelogram with one internal angle 7 A square ABCD has an equilateral triangle drawn on the
150° is 64 cm. Find the length of its sides when its area is side AB (interior of the square). The triangle has vertex at
maximum. G. What is the measure of the angle CGB ?
(a) 16, 16 (b) 15, 17 (a) 60° (b) 80°
(c) 14, 18 (d) can’t be determined (c) 75° (d) 90°
2 A sphere of 30 cm radius is dropped into a cylindrical vessel 8 There are two concentric circles whose areas are in the
of 80 cm diameter, which is partly filled with water, then its ratio of 9 : 16 and the difference between their diameters is
level rises by x cm. Find x. 4 cm. What is the area of the outer circle?
(a) 27.5 cm (b) 22.5 cm (a) 32 cm2 (b) 64π cm2
(c) 18.5 cm (d) none of these (c) 36 cm2 (d) 48 cm2
3 Amit walked 12 m toward east, then he turned to his right
9 A square and rhombus have the same base. If the rhombus
and walked 18 m. He then turned to his right and walked
is inclined at 60°, find the ratio of area of square to the area
12 m. He again turned to his right and walked 28 m then he
of the rhombus.
again turned to his right and walked 24 m. At what
distance is he from the starting point and in which (a) 2 3 : 3 (b) 1 : 3
direction? (c) 3 : 2 (d) none of these
(a) 23 m north-east (b) 26 m north-east 10 Four isosceles triangles are cut off from the corners of a
(c) 26 m west (d) 34 m north-east square of area 400 m2. Find the area of new smaller square
4 Find the inradius of triangle if its area is 30 cm2 and (in m2).
200
hypotenuse is 13 cm. (a) 200 2 (b)
(a) 1 cm (b) 2 cm 2
(c) 2.5 cm (d) 2 2 cm (c) 200 (d) 100 2
5 Which of the following figure will have maximum area if 11 Altitude and base of a right angle triangle are ( x + 2) and
the perimeter of all figures is same? (2x + 3) (in cm). If the area of the triangle be 60 cm2, the
(a) Square (b) Octagon length of the hypotenuse is :
(a) 21 cm (b) 13 cm
(c) Circle (d) Hexagon
(c) 17 cm (d) 15 cm
6 ABCD is a trapezium with ∠ A = 90° and AB parallel to CD.
Then ∠ B is :
12 Find the area of a regular octagon with each side ‘a’ cm.
(a) 2a2 (1 + 2) (b) 2a (1 + π )
(a) 90° (b) 90° − ∠ C
(c) 360° − ∠ C (d) 180° − ∠ C (c) a2 ( 2 + 2) (d) none of these

Page 28 of 277
Mensuration 481

13 ABCD is a square, 4 equal circles are just 20 A solid sphere is melted and recast into a right circular cone
touching each other whose centres are D C with a base radius equal to the radius of the sphere. What is
the vertices A, B, C , D of the square. the ratio of the height and radius of the cone so formed?
What is the ratio of the shaded to the (a) 4 : 3 (b) 2 : 3
unshaded area within square? A B (c) 3 : 4 (d) none of these
8 3 21 In the given figure there are 3 semicircles, the radii of each
(a) (b)
11 11 smaller circle is equal. If the radius of the larger circle be
5 6 22 cm, then the area of the shaded region is :
(c) (d)
11 11
14 ABCD is a trapezium, in which AD || BC , E and F are the
mid-points of AB and CD respectively, then EF is :
( AD + BC ) C
(a)
2 F π π
(a) 363 (b) 363 (c) 236.5 π (d) 363π
( AB + CD ) D 4 3
(b)
2 22 A rectangular lawn 60 m × 40 m has two roads each 5 m
DF × CF
(c) wide running in the middle of it, one parallel to length and
AE × BE the other parallel to breadth. The cost of gravelling the
A E B
AD + EF + BC roads at 80 paise per sq. m is :
(d)
2 (a) ` 380 (b) ` 385
4
15 A right circular cone resting on its base is cut at th its (c) ` 400 (d) none of these
5
height along a plane parallel to the circular base. The 23 There are two rectangular fields of same area. The length
height of original cone is 75 cm and base diameter is of first rectangular field is x% less than the length of the
42 cm. What is the base radius of cut out (top portion) cone? second field and breadth of the first field is (5x )% greater
(a) 4.2 cm (b) 2.8 cm (c) 3.5 cm (d) 8.4 cm than the breadth of the second field. What is the value of x?
16 l, b are the length and breadth of a rectangle respectively. If (a) 15 (b) 25
the perimeter of this rectangle is numerically equal to the (c) 50 (d) 80
area of the rectangle. What is the value of l − b (where l > b)? 24 In the adjoining figure ACB is a quadrant with radius ‘a’. A
(a) 1 (b) 2 semicircle is drawn outside the quadrant taking AB as a
(c) 3 (d) can’t be determined diameter. Find the area of shaded region.
17 In the adjoining figure ABC is an equilateral triangle and C 1
(a) (π − 2a2 )
is the centre of the circle, A and B lie on the circle. What is 4
the area of the shaded region, if the diameter of the circle is  1 A B
(b)   (πa2 − a2 )
28 cm?  4
 2  a2
(a) 102 − 49 3 cm2 A B
 3  (c) a 90° a
2
 2 
(b) 103 − 98 3 cm2 C (d) can’t be determined C
 3 
25 Ravi made an error of 5% in excess while measuring the
(c) (109 − 38 3) cm length of rectangle and an error of 8% deficit was made
(d) none of the above while measuring the breadth. What is the percentage error
18 l1, b1 and l2, b2 are the lengths and breadths of the two in the area?
rectangles respectively, but the areas of the rectangles are (a) − 3% (b) − 40%
same. l1 is increased by 25% and b1 is decreased by 25%. (c) − 3.4% (d) can’t be determined
Similarly l2 is decreased by 25% and b2 is increased by 25%.
If A1 and A2 is the new areas of the two rectangles 26 In the adjoining figure the
10 m
respectively, then : cross-section of a swimming pool is
(a) A1 > A2 (b) A1 < A2 shown. If the length of the
(c) A1 = A2 (d) can’t be determined swimming pool is 120 m, then the 6m
amount of water it can hold is :
19 An acute angle made by a side of parallelogram with other
(a) 5760 m3
pair of parallel sides is 60°. If the distance between these 6m
parallel sides is 6 3, the other side is : (b) 9600 m3
(a) 12 cm (b) 12 3 cm (c) 7200 m3
(c) 15 3 cm (d) none of these (d) none of the above

Page 29 of 277
482 QUANTUM CAT
27 Around a circular garden a circular road is to be repair 36 A spherical steel ball was silver polished then it was cut into
which costs ` 22176 at the rate of ` 1 per sq m. If the inner 4 similar pieces. What is ratio of the polished area to the
radius is 112 m, find the width of the circular road. non polished area?
(a) 18 m (b) 28 m (a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
(c) 14 m (d) none of these (c) 2 : 1 (d) can’t be determined
28 An equilateral triangle is cut from its three vertices to form 37 What is the total surface area of the identical cubes of
a regular hexagon. What is the percentage of area wasted? largest possible size that are cut from a cuboid of size
(a) 20% (b) 50% 85 cm × 17 cm × 5.1 cm?
(c) 33.33% (d) 66.66% (a) 26010 cm2 (b) 21600 cm2
29 ABC is an equilateral triangle and PQRS C 2
(c) 26100 cm (d) none of these
is a square inscribed in the triangle in 38 125 identical cubes are cut from a big cube and all the
such a way that P and Q lie on smaller cubes are arranged in a row to form a long cuboid.
S R
AB and R , S lie on BC and AC What is the percentage increase in the total surface area of
respectively. What is the value of
A P the cuboid over the total surface area of the cube?
RC : RB ? Q B
2 1
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 3 (a) 234 % (b) 235 %
3 3
(c) 3 : 2 (d) 1 : 2 2
30 The area of a square and circle is same and the perimeter of (c) 134 % (d) none of these
3
square and equilateral triangle is same, then the ratio
39 In the adjoining figure a parallelogram ABCD is shown.
between the area of circle and the area of equilateral
AB = 24 cm and AO = BO = 13 cm. Find BC.
triangle is :
D C
(a) π : 3 (b) 9 : 4 3
(c) 4 : 9 3 (d) none of these O
31 Adjoining figure shows a square D C
A B
ABCD in which O is the point of
intersection of diagonals O 40 cm
(a) 8 cm (b) 10 cm
AC and BD. Four squares of (c) 11 cm (d) none of these
maximum possible area are formed A B 40 There are two circles
inside each four triangles AOB, 40 cm
intersecting each other.
BOC, COD and AOD. What is the total area of these Another smaller circle with
4 squares? centre O, is lying between the A O B
(a) 400 cm2 (b) 100 cm2 common region of two larger
2 circles. Centres of the circle
(c) 80 cm (d) none of these
32 What is the ratio of the area of circumcircle of equilateral (i.e., A, O and B) are lying on a
triangle to the area of square with the same side length as straight line. AB = 16 cm and the radii of the larger circles
the equilateral triangle? are 10 cm each. What is the area of the smaller circle?
(a) π : 3 (b) π : 3 (a) 4π cm2 (b) 2π cm2
(c) 3 : 2 (d) none of these 4 π
(c) cm2 (d) cm2
33 It is required to construct a big rectangular hall that can π 4
accommodate 400 people with 25 m3 space for each 41 ABCD is a square, inside which 4 circles D C
person. The height of the wall has been fixed at 10 m and with radius 1 cm, each are touching each
the total inner surface area of the walls must be 1300 m2. other. What is the area of the shaded
What is the length and breadth of the hall (in metres)? region?
(a) 30, 20 (b) 45, 20 (a) (2π − 3) cm2 A B
(c) 40, 25 (d) 35, 30 (b) (4 − π ) cm2
34 The perimeter of a rectangle and an equilateral triangle are (c) (16 − 4π ) cm2
same. Also, one of the sides of the rectangle is equal to the
(d) none of the above
side of the triangle. The ratio of the areas of the rectangle
and the triangle is : 42 ABCD is a square, E is a point on AB such that BE = 17 cm.
(a) 3 : 1 (b) 1 : 3 The area of triangle ADE is 84 cm2. What is the area of
(c) 2 : 3 (d) 4 : 3 square?
D C
(a) 400 cm2
35 If l, b, p be the length, breadth and perimeter of a rectangle 2
(b) 625 cm
and b, l, p are in GP (in order), then l/b is :
(c) 729 cm2
(a) 2 : 1 (b) ( 3 − 1): 1
(d) 576 cm2 A B
(c) ( 3 + 1): 1 (d) 2 : 3 E

Page 30 of 277
Mensuration 483

43 If the volume of a sphere, a cube, a tetrahedron and a 50 Charles has a right circular cylinder which he inserted
octahedron be same then which of the following has completely into a right circular cone of height 30 cm. The
maximum surface area? vertical angle of the cone is 60° and the diameter of the
(a) Sphere (b) Cube cylinder is 8 3 cm. What is the volume of the cone?
(c) Octahedron (d) Tetrahedron 3000
(a) π cm3 (b) 3000π cm3
44 In a rectangle the ratio of the length is to breadth is same as 7
that of the sum of the length and breadth to the length. If (c) 4860π cm3 (d) can’t be determined
l and b be the length and breadth of the rectangle then
51 There are six faces in a cube. Rajeev fix one cube on each of
which of the following is true?
the faces. The dimensions of all the cubes are same. What is
l l2 b l+ b
(i) = 2 + 1 (ii) = the ratio of total surface area of the newly formed solid to
b b l−b l the area of a single cube?
(iii) lb = (l + b)(l − b) (a) 7 : 1 (b) 6 : 1 (c) 5 : 1 (d) 41 : 9
(a) only (i) is true 52 If the ratio of diagonals of two cubes is 3 : 2, then the ratio
(b) only (ii) is true of the surface areas of the two cubes respectively is :
(c) only (ii) and (iii) are true (a) 5 : 4 (b) 9 : 5
(d) only (i) and (ii) are true (c) 9 : 4 (d) can’t be determined
45 Three circles of equal radii touch each other as shown in 53 ABCDEF is a regular hexagon of side 6 E D
figure. The radius of each circle is 1 cm. What is the area of cm. What is the area of triangle BDF?
shaded region? (a) 32 3 cm2
 2 3 − π F C
(a)   cm2 (b) 27 3 cm2
 2 
(c) 24 cm2
 3 2 − π A B
(b)   cm2 (d) none of the above
 3 
Directions (for Q. Nos. 54 and 55) King Dashratha of Ayodhya
2 3
(c) cm2 had a rectangular plot of area 9792 m2 . He divided it into 4 square
π
shaped plots by fencing parallel fences to the breadth of the
(d) none of the above
rectangular plot. All the four sons got each square shaped plot.
46 How many spheres of radius 1.5 cm can be cut out of a However, some area of plot was still left which could not be
wooden cube of edge 9 cm? formed as a square shaped. So, four more square shaped plots
(a) 216 (b) 81 were formed by fencing parallel to the longer side of the original
(c) 27 (d) can’t be determined plot. The king gave one smaller square shaped plot to each of his
47 Kaurav and Pandav have a rectangular field of area 20000 sq. wives and one of the smaller square shaped plot retained with
m. They decided to divide it into two equal parts by dividing it himself and then nothing left to divide.
with a single straight line. Kaurav wanted to fence their land
54 What is the ratio of the area of larger square shaped plot to
immediately, so they incurred total expenses for the fencing all
the area of the smaller square shaped plot?
the four sides alone at ` 2 per metre. What is the minimum cost
(a) 17 : 1 (b) 25 : 9
that Kaurav had to incur?
(c) 16 : 1 (d) can’t be determined
(a) ` 800 (b) ` 1600 (c) ` 1200 (d) ` 600
55 What are dimensions of the original plot?
48 There is a cone of height 12 cm, out of which a smaller cone (a) 288 m, 34 m (b) 102 m, 96 m
(which is the top portion of the original cone) with the same (c) 306 m, 32 m (d) 204 m, 48 m
vertex and vertical axis is cut out. 56 A scalene triangle PQR, such that PQ = 25, QR = 51 and PR
What is the ratio of the volume of the larger (actual) cone to = 74, is rotated completely about PQ, what is the volume of
the remaining part (frustum) of the cone, if the height of the the solid formed in this way?
smaller cone is 9 cm? (a) 3300π cm3 (b) 4800π cm3
(a) 3 : 1 (b) 9 : 1 (c) 3600π cm3 (d) 4900π cm3
(c) 64 : 37 (d) 16 : 7
57 There are two squares ABCD and PQRS with the same area.
49 Radhey can walk along the boundary of a rectangular field
Square ABCD has the largest possible circle inscribed in it,
and also along the diagonals of the field. His speed is
while square PQRS has four circles, tangent to each other,
53 km/h. The length of the field is 45 km. Radhey started inscribed in it such that the maximum area is occupied by
from one corner and reached to the diagonally opposite them. What is the ratio of the area occupied by the circle in
corner in 1 hour. What is the area of the field? ABCD to the total area occupied by the circles in PQRS?
(a) 860 km2 (b) 1260 km2 (a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 2
2
(c) 1060 km (d) can’t be determined (c) 2 : 3 (d) 1 : 1

Page 31 of 277
484 QUANTUM CAT
58 A square paper is cut into smaller pieces such that each 65 In the adjoining figure, 7 congruent circles
piece is exactly a square, not necessarily of the equal size. are placed in such a way that one circle is
From each such square a circle of the largest possible area at the centre and other 6 circles are
is cut out. Find the ratio of the area of all the possible circles tangent to it. A regular hexagon is drawn
to the area of the original square. such that its vertices are the centres of the
(a) 1 : 1 6 circles, as shown here. If the area of
(b) π : 2 circle is 1 sq. cm, what is the area of the hexagon?
(c) π : 4 7 3 2π 3
(a) sq cm (b) sq cm
(d) data insufficient π 7
59 The elder son of a carpenter picked up a 6 3
(c) sq cm (d) none of these
solid wooden cube from his garage and then π
he removed a few cubical blocks from it so 66 A right angle triangle whose
that he can sit on it with his friends hypotenuse is c and its perpendicular
comfortably and watch the football match in sides are a and b. Three semicircles a
his house. If the volume of the original cube are drawn along the three sides of b
is 216 cubic ft. and the volume of each this triangle in such a way that the
c
smaller cubic solid that has been removed is 8 cubic ft., what diameter of each semicircle is equal
is the surface area (in cu. ft.) of the remaining solid? to the length of the respective side of the triangle.
(a) 216 (b) 192 The semicircle drawn with the help of hypotenuse
(c) 180 (d) none of these intersects the other two semicircles as shown in the
60 Find the area of the rectangle ABCD, if P is any point on AB concerned diagram. Find the area of the shaded region.
such that DP = 18 mm, CP = 21 mm and ∠DPC = 90°. ab 2abπ
(a) (b)
(a) 378 mm2 ( b) 189 mm2 2 3
(c) 126 mm 2
(d) 136 mm2 abπ
(c) (d) data insufficient
61 An ant has to go from one corner to the farthest corner of a c
canister of size 6×6×12. What’s the minimum distance it 67 In the following diagram, the height
has to cover, (All the lengths are in cm)? and base of an isosceles triangle are 16 16
(a) 6( 2 + 2) (b) 6 3 16 cm each. Find the area of the
(c) 12 2 (d) 12( 2 + 1) circumscribing circle.
62 The ratio of semiperimeter of a parallelogram to its longer (a) 256 sq cm (b) 324 sq cm
side is same as the ratio of its longer side to its shorter side. (c) 314 sq cm (d) none of these
If the shorter side measures 2 cm, find the maximum 68 A large city is developed on a square plot
possible area of the parallelogram. that has two uniform roads connecting the
(a) 2( 5 + 2) (b) 2(1 + 5) opposite corners of the city, as shown in
(c) 4(1 + 5) (d) data insufficient the diagram. If the total area of the roads
63 A semi-circle and a circle with same radius inscribe a is half the area of the square plot, what is
square of greatest possible area. What is the ratio of area of the ratio of the length of the plot to the
square inscribed by semicircle to that by circle? width of the each road?
(a) 2:5 (b) 1:2 (a) 5/2 2 (b) (4 + 2)/ 3
(c) 1:4 (d) 4:5 (c) 2 2 + 2 (d) none of these
64 In the following figure the radii (OA 69 The diameter of a semicircle and the C
and OD) are 2 cm and ∆ABO and ∆DCO base of an equilateral ∆ABC coincide in
are right angle triangles. Also, OB = 2 such a way that the other two sides of D E
cm and OC = 1 cm. Find the area of the B √2 O 1 C the triangle intersect the circumference
shaded region in the circle. of the semicircle at the points D and E,
5π 2 2
as shown in the diagram. If the A
(a) 1 + sq cm B
6 A D perimeter of the triangle ABC is 6 cm,
5π 3 find the area of the shaded region.
(b) + sq cm
6 2  2π 3 π 3
(a)  −  cm2 (b)  −  cm2
5π 3  3 2 3 2
(c) 2 + − sq cm
6 2  2 − 3
5π 3 (c) π   (d) none of these
(d) 1 + + sq cm  3 
6 2

Page 32 of 277
Mensuration 485

LEVEL 02 > HIGHER LEVEL EXERCISE

Directions (for Q. Nos. 1 to 3) Each edge of an equilateral
triangle is ‘a’ cm. A cone is formed by joining any two sides of the
triangle. 8 A hollow sphere with outer diameter 24 cm is cut into two
1 What is the radius and slant height of the cone? equal hemispheres. The total surface area of one of the
2
(a) a,
a
(b)
a a
, hemispheres is 1436 cm2. Each one of the hemispheres is
2π π 2 7
a a filled with water. What is the volume of water that can be
(c) ,a (d) 2a, filled in each of the hemispheres?
2π π
2 2
2 What is the volume of the cone? (a) 3358 cm3 (b) 3528 cm3
3 3
a2 a3
(a) 4 − π2 (b) 4π 2 − 1 2
(c) 2359 cm3
2
(d) 9335 cm3
24π 3 24π 2 3 3
3
a a 2  2
(c) 1 − 4π 2 (d) π 1 −  9 A big cube of side 8 cm is formed by rearranging together 64
8π 2 3  π small but identical cubes each of side 2 cm. Further, if the
3 If the cone is cut along its axis from the middle, the new corner cubes in the topmost layer of the big cube are removed,
shape we obtain after opening the paper is : what is the change in total surface area of the big cube?
(a) isosceles triangle (b) equilateral triangle (a) 16 cm2, decreases
(c) right angle triangle (d) none of these (b) 48 cm2, decreases
4 If the sum of the radius and the height of a closed (c) 32 cm2, decreases
cylinder is 35 cm and the total surface area of the cylinder (d) remains the same as previously
is 1540 cm2, then the circumference of the base of the 10 A large solid sphere of diameter 15 m is melted and recast
cylinder is : into several small spheres of diameter 3 m. What is the
(a) 66 cm (b) 44 cm percentage increase in the total surface area of all the
(c) 56 cm (d) can’t be determined smaller spheres over that of the large sphere?
5 An iron pillar has some part in the form of a right circular (a) 200% (b) 400%
cylinder and remaining in the form of a right circular cone. (c) 500% (d) can’t be determined
The radius of base of cone as well as cylinder is 21 cm. The 11 A cone is made of a sector with a radius of 14 cm and an
cylindrical part is 80 cm high and conical part is 16 cm angle of 60°. What is total surface area of the cone?
high. Find the weight of the pillar, if 1 cm3 of iron weighs (a) 119.78 cm2 (b) 191.87 cm2
2
8.45 g. (c) 196.5 cm (d) none of these
(a) 999.39 kg (b) 111 kg 12 Kishan Chand is a very labourious farmer. He erected a
(c) 1001 kg (d) 989 kg fence around his paddy field in a square shape. He used 26
6 ABCD is a square of side a cm. poles in each side, each at a distance of 4 m. What is the
AB, BC , CD and AD all are the chords D C area of his field?
of circles with equal radii each. If the (a) 1.6 hectare (b) 2.6 hectare
chords subtend an angle of 120° at (c) 5.76 hectare (d) 1 hectare
their respective centres, find the total
area of the given figure, where arcs 13 A rectangular lawn is surrounded by a path of width 2 m on
A B all sides. Now, if the length of the lawn is reduced by 2 m
are part of the circles :
 the lawn becomes a square lawn and the area of path
 πa2 a2  
(a) a2 + 4  −  becomes 13/11 times, what is the length of the original
  9 3 2 
lawn?
  πa2 a2   (a) 8 m (b) 9 m (c) 10 m (d) 12 m
(b) a2 + 4  − 
  9 4 3  Directions (for Q. Nos. 14 and 15) A cylinder with height and
(c) [ 9a2 − 4π + 3 3a2] radius 2 : 1 is filled with soft drink and then it is tilted so as to
(d) none of the above allow some soft drink to flow off to an extent where the level of soft
drink just touches the lowest point of the upper mouth.
7 A rectangle has a perimeter of 26. How many combinations
of integral valued length are possible? 14 If the 2.1 L soft drink is retained in the cylinder, what is the
(a) 4 (b) 8 capacity of the cylinder?
(c) 6 (d) 12 (a) 3.6 L (b) 4 L (c) 1.2 L (d) 4.2 L

Page 33 of 277
486 QUANTUM CAT
D P C
15 If the quantity of soft drink is poured into a conical flask 21 ABCD and EFGA are the squares
whose height and base radius are same as that of the of side 4 cm, each. In square M Q
cylinder so as to fill the conical flask completely, the ABCD, DMB and PMQ are the
E B
quantity of soft drink left in the cylinder as a fraction of its arcs of circles with centres at A
total capacity is : A and C , respectively. In square
1 1 1 1 AEFG, the shaded region is
(a) (b) (c) (d) F G
3 6 9 10 enclosed by two arcs of circles
16 An elephant of length 4 m is standing at one corner of a with centres at A and F , respectively. What is the ratio of
rectangular cage 16 m × 30 m and facing towards the the shaded regions of the squares ABCD and AEFG,
diagonally opposite corner. If the elephant starts moving respectively?
towards the diagonally opposite corner it takes 15 s to 2 + π ( 2 − 2) (π − 2)
(a) (b)
reach the opposite corner. Find the speed of the elephant. (π − 2) 2( 2 + 1 − π)
(a) 1 m/s (b) 2 m/s 4
(c) (d) none of these
(c) 1.87 m/s (d) can’t be determined 3
17 What is the height of the cone which is formed by joining AB AD
22 In the adjoining figure = , where EBCF is a square.
the two ends of a sector of a circle with radius r and central BC DF
angle 60°? AE
Find the ratio of .
35 25 EF
(a) r (b) r B
6 6 A E
2
r
(c) (d) none of these
3
18 If a cube of maximum possible volume is cut off from a solid
sphere of diameter d, the volume of the remaining (waste) D C F
material of the sphere would be equal to :
(1 ± 7 ) (1 − 7 )
d3  d d3  π 1 (a) (b)
(a) π −  (b)  −  3 2
3  2 3 2 3
(1 + 5) (1 ± 5)
d2 (c) (d)
(c) ( 2 − π) (d) none of these 2 2
4
Directions (for Q. Nos. 23 to 25) In the following figure ABCD is
19 In the adjoining figure PQRS is a square and MS = RN and
a square. A circle ABCD is passing through all the four vertices of
the points A, P , Q and B lie on the same line. Find the ratio the square. There are two more circles on the sides AD and BC
of the total area of two circles to the area of the square. touching each other inside the square. AD and BC are the
Given that AP = MS. respective diameters of the two smaller circles. Area of the square
S R is 16 cm2 .
D C
M N
3
1 2 2 1
A P Q B
3
π 2π 3π 6 A B
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 2 π 23 What is the area of region 1?
20 ABCD is a rectangle and there are four  π
R (a) 2.4 cm2 (b)  2 −  cm2
equilateral triangles. Area of ∆ ASD is  4
equal to area of ∆ BQC and area of D C
(c) 8 cm2 (d) (4π − 2) cm2
∆ DRC is equal to area of ∆ APB. The S Q
24 What is the area of region 2?
perimeter of the rectangle is 12 cm. A B
(a) 3 (π − 2) cm2 (b) (π − 3) cm2
Also the sum of the areas of the four
triangles is 10 3 cm2, the total area of P (c) (2π − 3) cm2 (d) 4 (π − 2) cm2

the figure thus formed is : 25 What is the area of region 3?

(a) 2(4 + 5 3) cm2 (a) (4 − 4π ) cm2

(b) 5 (4 + 2 3) cm2 (b) 4 (4 − π ) cm2

(c) 42 3 cm2 (c) (4π − 2) cm2

(d) none of the above (d) (3π + 2) cm2

Page 34 of 277
Mensuration 487

26 In the adjoining figure ABCD is a square. D C 30 What is the perimeter of all the five squares?
Four equal semicircles are drawn in such (4 2 + 1) a (4 2 − 1) a
a way that they meet each other at ‘O’. (a) (b)
( 2 + 1) ( 2 + 1)
Sides AB, BC , CD and AD are the
5
respective diameters of the four O (c) a (d) (7 + 3 2) a
A B 6
semicircles. Each of the sides of the
square is 8 cm. Find the area of the shaded region. 31 What is the total area of all the five squares?
(a) 32(π − 2) cm2 (b) 16 (π − 2) cm2 (4 2 − 1) a2 (4 2 − 1) a2
(a) (b)
3  (4 2 − 1) 4( 2 − 1)
(c) (2π − 8) cm2 (d)  π − 4 cm2
4  31 2
(c) a (d) none of these
27 ABCD is a square. Another square EFGH G 16
with the same area is placed on the D C
Directions (for Q. Nos. 32 to 35) Each edge of a cube is equally
square ABCD such that the point of
H F divided into n parts, thus there are total n 3 smaller cubes. Let,
intersection of diagonals of square ABCD N 0 → Number of smaller cubes with no exposed surfaces
and square EFGH coincide and the sides A B N 1 → Number of smaller cubes with one exposed surfaces
of square EFGH are parallel to the E N 2 → Number of smaller cubes with two exposed surfaces
diagonals of square ABCD. Thus a new N 3 → Number of smaller cubes with three exposed surfaces
figure is formed as shown in the figure. What is the area
enclosed by the given figure if each side of the square is 32 What is the number of unexposed smaller cubes (N 0)?
4 cm? (a) (n − 2)3 (b) n3 (c) n ! (d) 8
3+ 2  33 What is the number of smaller cubes with one exposed
(a) 32 (2 − 2) (b) 16  
 2+ 2  surface (N1 )?
2+ 2 (a) 4 (n − 3)3 (b) 6 (n − 2)2
(c) 32   (d) none of these
3+ 2 (c) (n − 3)2 (d) (n + 1)2

28 A piece of paper is in the form of a right angle triangle in 34 What is the value of (N 2 )?
which the ratio of base and perpendicular is 3 : 4 and (a) 8 (n − 2)2 (b) 6 (n − 2)
hypotenuse is 20 cm. What is the volume of the biggest (c) 12 (n − 2) (d) 3 (n − 3)2
cone that can be formed by taking right angle vertex of the
35 What is the value of N 3?
paper as the vertex of the cone?
(a) 45.8 cm3 (b) 56.1 cm3 (a) (n − 1)! (b) (n − 2)2
(c) 61.5 cm 3
(d) 48 cm3 n (n + 1)
(c) (d) 8
29 In a particular country the value of diamond is directly 2
proportional to the surface area (exposed) of the diamond. 36 In a bullet the gun powder is to be filled up inside the
Four thieves steel a cubical diamond piece and then divide metallic enclosure. The metallic enclosure is made up of a
equally in four parts. What is the maximum percentage cylindrical base and conical top with the base of radius
increase in the value of diamond after cutting it? 5 cm. The ratio of height of cylinder and cone is 3 : 2.
(a) 50% (b) 66.66% A cylindrical hole is drilled through the metal solid with its
(c) 100% (d) none of these height two-third of the height of metal solid. What should
be the radius of the hole, so that the volume of the hole
Directions (for Q. Nos. 30 and 31) In the figure shown square II (in which gun powder is to be filled up) is one-third of the
is formed by joining the mid-points of square I, square III is volume of metal solid after drilling?
formed by joining the mid-points of square II and so on. In this way 88 55 55
(a) cm (b) cm (c) cm (d) 33π cm
total five squares are drawn. The side of the square I is ‘a’ cm. 5 8 8
37 A sector of the circle measures 19°
II I (see the figure). Usingonly a scale, a
IV III compass and a pencil, is it possible to split
the circle into 360 equal sectors of 1° 19°
V
central angle?
(a) Yes
(b) No
(c) Yes, only if radius is known
(d) can’t be determined

Page 35 of 277
488 QUANTUM CAT
38 A circular paper is folded along its O B 44 What is the ratio of the area of inner circle to that of the
diameter, then again it is folded to outer circle?
form a quadrant. Then it is cut as (a) 3 : 4 (b) 9 : 16
shown in the figure. After it the paper (c) 3 : 8 (d) none of these
was reopened in the original circular 45 If there are some more circles and hexagons inscribed in
shape. Find the ratio of the original A the similar way as given above, the ratio of each side of
paper to that of the remaining paper? outermost hexagon (largest one) to that of the fourth
(The shaded portion is cut off from the quadrant. The (smaller one) hexagon is (fourth hexagon means the
radius of quadrant OAB is 5 cm and radius of each hexagon which is inside the third hexagon from the
semicircle is 1 cm). outside) :
(a) 25 : 16 (b) 25 : 9 (a) 9 : 3 2 (b) 16 : 9
(c) 20 : 9 (d) none of these (c) 8 : 3 3 (d) none of these
39 A cubical cake is cut into several smaller cubes by dividing
Directions (for Q. Nos. 46 and 47) Five spheres
each edge in 7 equal parts. The cake is cut from the top
are kept in a cone in such a way that each sphere
along the two diagonals forming four prisms. Some of them
touches each other and also touches the lateral
get cut and rest remained in the cubical shape. A complete surface of the cone. It is due to increasing radius of
cubical (smaller) cake was given to adults and the cut off the spheres starting from the vertex of the cone. The
part of a smaller cake is given to a child (which is not an radius of the smallest sphere is 16 cm.
adult). If all the cakes were given equally each piece to a
person, total how many people could get the cake? 46 If the radius of the fifth (i.e., the largest)
(a) 343 (b) 448 sphere be 81 cm, find the radius of the third (i.e., the
(c) 367 (d) 456 middlemost) sphere.
(a) 25 cm (b) 25 3 cm
Directions (for Q. Nos. 40 to 42) A square is inscribed in a circle
(c) 36 cm (d) data insufficient
then another circle is inscribed in the square
then. Another square is inscribed in the circle. 47 What is the least distance between the smallest sphere and
Finally a circle is inscribed in the innermost the vertex of the cone?
square. Thus there are 3 circles and 2 squares (a) 64 cm (b) 80 cm
as shown in the figure. The radius of the (c) 28 cm (d) none of these
outer-most circle is R. 48 Saumya has a pencil box of volume 60 cm3. What can be
40 What is the radius of the inner-most circle? the maximum length of a pencil that can be accommodated
R R in the box. Given that all the sides are integral (in cm) and
(a) (b)
2 2 different from each other?
(c) 2R (d) none of these (a) 7 2 cm (b) 905 cm
41 What is the sum of areas of all the squares shown in the (c) 170 cm (d) 3602 cm
figure? 49 There are two concentric hexagons. Each of
(a) 3R 2 (b) 3 2R 2 the side of both the hexagons are parallel.
3 2 Each side of an internal regular hexagon is
(c) R (d) none of these
2 8 cm. What is the area of the shaded region,
if the distance between corresponding
42 What is the ratio of sum of circumferences of all the circles
parallel sides is 2 3 cm?
to the sum of perimeters of all the squares?
(a) 120 3 cm2 (b) 148 3 cm2
(a) (2 + 3) πR (b) (3 + 2) πR
(c) 3 3 πR (d) none of these (c) 126 cm2 (d) none of these

Directions (for Q. Nos. 43 to 45) A regular 50 ABCD is a square. A circle is inscribed in D C

the square. Also taking A, B, C , D (the
hexagon is inscribed in a circle of radius R.
Another circle is inscribed in the hexagon. Now vertices of square) as the centres of four
another hexagon is inscribed in the second quadrants, drawn inside the circle,
(smaller) circle. which are touching each other on the
mid-points of the sides of square. Area A B
2
43 What is the sum of perimeters of both the hexagons? of square is 4 cm . What is the area of the shaded region?
(a) (2 + 3) R  3π 
3 (2 + 3) R (a)  4 −  cm
2
(b) (2π − 4) cm2
(b)  2
(c) 3 (3 + 2) R
(c) (4 − 2π ) cm2 (d) none of these
(d) none of the above

Page 36 of 277
Mensuration 489

51 In a factory there are two identical solid blocks of iron.

When the first block is melted and recast into spheres of 56 Initially the diameter of a balloon is 28 cm. It can explode
equal radii ‘ r’, the 14 cc of iron was left, but when the when the diameter becomes 5/2 times of the initial
second block was melted and recast into sphere each of diameter. Air is blown at 156 cc/s. It is known that the
equal radii ‘ 2r’, the 36 cc of iron was left. The volumes of shape of balloon always remains spherical. In how many
the solid blocks and all the spheres are in integers. What is seconds the balloon will explode?
the volume (in cm3) of each of the larger spheres of radius (a) 1078 s (b) 1368 s
‘ 2r’? (c) 1087 s (d) none of these
(a) 176 57 The radius of a cone is 2 times the height of the cone.
(b) 12π A cube of maximum possible volume is cut from the same
(c) 192 cone. What is the ratio of the volume of the cone to the
(d) data insufficient volume of the cube?
52 There is a vast grassy farm in which there is a rectangular (a) 3.18 π
building of the farm-house whose length and breadth is 50 (b) 2.25 π
m and 40 m respectively. A horse is tethered at a corner of (c) 2.35
the house with a tether of 80 m long. What is the maximum (d) can’t be determined
area that the horse can graze? 58 Raju has 64 small cubes of 1 cm3. He wants to arrange all of
(a) 5425 π (b) 5245 π them in a cuboidal shape, such that the surface area will be
(c) 254 π (d) none of these minimum. What is the diagonal of this larger cuboid?
53 A cube of side 6 cm is painted on all its 6 faces with (a) 8 2 cm (b) 273
red colour. It is then broken up into 216 smaller identical (c) 4 3 cm (d) 129 cm
cubes. What is the ratio of N 0 : N1 : N 2. 59 The volume of a cylinder is 48.125 cm3, which is formed by
Where, N 0 → number of smaller cubes with no coloured rolling a rectangular paper sheet along the length of the
surface. paper. If a cuboidal box (without any lid i.e., open at the
N1 → number of smaller cubes with 1 red face. top) is made from the same sheet of paper by cutting out
N 2 → number of smaller cubes with 2 red faces : the square of side 0.5 cm from each of the four corners of
(a) 3 : 4 : 6 (b) 3 : 4 : 5 the paper sheet, then what is the volume of this box?
(c) 4 : 6 : 3 (d) can’t be determined (a) 20 cm3
54 Assume that a mango and its seed both are spherical. Now, (b) 38 cm3
if the radius of seed is 2/5 of the thickness of the pulp. The (c) 19 cm3
seed lies exactly at the centre of the fruit. What per cent of (d) none of the above
the total volume of the mango is its pulp?
3 Directions (for Q. Nos. 60 to 62) Consider a cylinder B
(a) 63 % (b) 97.67%
5 4
of height h cm and radius r = cm as shown in the
(c) 68 %
2
(d) none of these
π
3 figure. A string of certain length when wound on its
55 In the adjoining diagram ABCD is a square with side ‘ a’ cm. cylindrical surface, starting at point A, gives a
In the diagram the area of the larger circle with centre ‘ O ’ is maximum of n turns. A
equal to the sum of the areas of the remaining four circles
60 What is the vertical spacing (in cm) between two
with equal radii, whose centres are P , Q , R and S. What is
consecutive turns?
the ratio between the side of square and radius of a smaller
h h
circle? (a) (b)
n n
D C
h2
(c) (d) can’t be determined
S R n

O 61 If there is no spacing between any two courecutive turns

and the width of string be x cm, then the required length of
P Q the string is :
A B
8x 8h
(a) cm (b) cm
(a) (2 2 + 3) (b) (2 + 3 2) h x
(c) (4 + 3 2) (d) can’t be determined h
(c) 8hx cm (d) 2 2 cm
x

Page 37 of 277
490 QUANTUM CAT
62 If the string is wound on the exterior four walls of a cube of 68 There are two cylindrical containers of equal capacity and
side a cm starting at point C and ending at point D exactly equal dimensions. If the radius of one of the containers is
above C, making equally spaced 4 turns. The side of the increased by 12 ft and the height of another container is
cube is : increased by 12 ft, the capacity of both the container is
2n (n)2 equally increased by K cubic ft. If the actual heights of each
(a) a = (b) a =
255 16 of the containers be 4 ft, find the increased volume of each
8n of the container.
(c) a = (d) a = 2 15n
257 (a) 1680 π cu ft (b) 2304 π cu ft
(c) 1480 π cu ft (d) can’t be determined
63 A blacksmith has a rectangular iron sheet 10 ft long. He has
to cut out 7 circular discs from this sheet. What is the 69 The four vertices of a unit square act as the
minimum possible width of the iron sheet if the radius of centers of four quarter-circles. The arcs of
each disc is 1 ft? these circles intersect each other within the
(a) 2 3 ft (b) (2 + 3) ft square as depicted below. If the area of the
(c) (3 + 2) ft (d) (2 + 2 3) ft region at the center of the square, which
itself looks like a bloated square, is cordoned off by all the
64 The perimeter of a square, a rhombus and a hexagon are π
same. The area of square, rhombus and hexagon be s, r, h, four arcs of circles is − 3 + 1, find the area of the shaded
3
respectively, which of the following is correct?
region.
(a) r > s > h (b) s > h > r 2π
(c) h > s > r (d) data insufficient (a) 4 − 3 −
3
65 In the following figure, ABC is an equilateral triangle 2π
(b) 4 − 2 3 −
inscribing a square of maximum possible area. Again in this 3
square there is an equilateral triangle whose side is same as π
(c) 4 − 3 −
that of the square. Further the smaller equilateral triangle 3
inscribes a square of maximum possible area. What is the (d) none of the above
area of the innermost square if the each side of the 70 Four small squares of equal size are cut off from each of the
outermost triangle be 0.01 m? four corners of a square sheet of area 576 sq cm. The
C
remaining sheet is then folded in such a way that it
becomes an open cuboidal box having maximum holding
capacity. Find the side of the smaller square that has been
cut off.
A B (a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 2.4 (d) 4
71 The following diagram depicts the
(a) (873 − 504 3) cm 2
(b) (738 − 504 3) cm2
Earth. For the sake of convenience
(c) (873 − 405 2) cm2 (d) none of these and simplicity let us consider that the
66 A blacksmith has a rectangular sheet of iron. He has to earth is completely spherical. The
make a cylindrical vessel of which both the circular ends topmost point (N), where all the
are closed. When he minimises the wastage of the sheet of great circles meet, is called the North
iron, then what is the ratio of the wastage to the utilised Pole. South Pole is denoted by the
area of sheet? point (S) is exactly opposite the
1 2 North Pole. All the vertical circles are passing through each
(a) (b)
11 17 pole are called longitudes and all the horizontal circles that
3 are parallel to each other are called as latitudes.
(c) (d) none of these
22 Let the centre of the earth be denoted by C and the radius
67 Barun needs an open box of capacity 864 m3. Actually, of the earth is 6370 km. A man has to reach from the North
where he lives the rates of paints are soaring high so he Pole to a point D on the latitude with radius3185 3 km in
wants to minimize the surface area of the box keeping the the Southern hemisphere of the earth. Find the minimum
capacity of the box same as required. What is the base area distance along the surface of the earth that he will have to
and height of such a box? traverse.
(a) 36 m2, 24 m (b) 216 m2, 4 m (a) 40040 km (b) 32026.67 km
2 (c) 13346.67 km (d) 14367.33 km
(c) 144 m , 6 m (d) none of these

Page 38 of 277
Mensuration 491

72 A rectangle of dimensions 32×49 has two circles inscribed 77 There are four quadrants of 10 cm radius constructed
in it. What’s the maximum possible total area of the two within a square using the four vertices of that square. If the
circles? area of the square is 100 sq. cm, find the common area (in
(a) 337 π (b) 306π sq cm) among all the four quadrants, shown by the shaded
(c) 518π (d) 245π region.
73 A sheep and a goat are tethered at the diagonally opposite
ends of a square field. The length of each rope they are
attached by the post is 6m and the area of the field is 54 m2.
Find the approx. area that cannot be grazed by either of
them.
8
(a) 3m2 (b) 4m2 (c) 7 m2 (d) m2  2π  π 
π (a) 100  + 2 − 3 (b) 100  + 1 − 3
 3  3 
74 What is the area of the largest semicircle that can be π 
inscribed in the square whose diagonal is a 2 units? (c) 100  + 4 − 2 3 (d) none of these
3 
(a) 0.172πa2 (b) 0.125πa2
(c) 0. 225πa2
(d) 1. 25πa2 78 A thin opaque square glass sheet (30 cm × 30 cm) is cut
75 A semicircle of radius r is inscribed in a square such that the into four pieces of equal area, as shown in figure (i). When
diameter of the semicircle makes 60° angle with one of the these pieces are rearranged to form another square, as
sides of the square. What is the least possible area of the shown in figure (ii), it results in a
square that can inscribe such a semicircle? square hole (16 cm × 16 cm) at the
 7 + 4 3 2  11 + 6 2 2 centre of the new square. Find the
(a)   r (b)   r length of each side of the new
 4   4  square, which is larger than the Fig. (i) Fig. (ii)
 4 + 2 3 2 original one.
(c)   r (d) (5 + 7 )r2
 9  (a) 34 cm (b) 32 sq cm
(c) 42 sq cm (d) none of these
76 There are four quadrants of 10 cm radius
constructed within a square using the four 79 A rectangular paper is folded along its diagonal to form a
vertices of the square as their centers. These polygon as shown in the following figure. If the ratio of the
four quadrants share a common region, area of this polygon to that of the rectangle is 16/5, the
which is shown by the shaded region in the ratio of the length to the breadth of the original rectangle is
B′
adjoining figure. If the area of the given square is 100 sq
cm, find the area of the largest possible square that can be
D E C
inscribed in the common region occupied by four
quadrants.
(a) 100(4 − 3) sq cm A B

(b) 100(2 − 3) sq cm (a) 5/ 11 cm (b) 4/3 cm

(c) 100(4 − 2 3) sq cm (c) 21/11 cm (d) data insufficient
(d) data insufficient

Test of Your Learning

1 Three equal circles each of radius 1 cm 2 Three circular rings of equal radii of 1 cm
are circumscribed by a larger circle. Find each are touching each other. A string runs
the perimeter of the circumscribing circle. all around the set of rings very tightly.
3 What is the minimum length of string
(a) (2 − 3) π cm
2 required to bind all the three rings in the
 2 + 3 given manner?
(b)   cm 6
 3  (a) cm (b) 2 (3 + π ) cm
π
2 π
(c) (2 + 3) π cm (c) cm (d) can’t be determined
3 6
(d) none of the above

Page 39 of 277
492 QUANTUM CAT
A
3 An equilateral triangle circumscribes 9 In a right angle triangle ABC,
all the three circles each of radius 1 what is the maximum possible
cm. What is the perimeter of the area of a square that can be b c
equilateral triangle? inscribed when one of its D
(a) 6 ( 3 + 1) cm vertices coincide with the
90°
(b) 3 (8 + 2) cm vertex of right angle of the C B
(c) 15 ( 3 − 1) cm triangle? a
(d) none of the above a ab
(a) (b)
4 Six circles each of unit radius are being b a+ b
2
circumscribed by another larger circle. a+ b  ab 
All the smaller circles touch each other. (c) (d)  
ab  a + b
What is the circumference of the larger
circle? 10 In the adjoining figure a square of B
 3 + 4 maximum possible area is
(a)   π cm circumscribed by the right angle
 2  c
triangle ABC in such a way that a
(b) 4 3π cm one of its side just lies on the
 4 + 3 hypotenuse of the triangle. What C 90°
(c) 2   π cm A
 3  is the area of the square? b

(d) can’t be determined 2

 abc  a2 + b2 + c2
5 There are six circular rings of iron, kept (a)  2  (b)
 a + b + ab
2
abc
close to each other. A string binds them as
tightly as possible. If the radius of each abc
(c) (d) none of these
circular iron ring is 1 cm. What is the a + b2 + c2
2

minimum possible length of string 11 In the adjoining figure PQRS is a square of maximum
required to bind them?
possible area which is circumscribed by the semicircle.
(a) 2 (6 + 3 3 + π ) cm (b) 6 (2 + 3) π cm
Points R and S lie on the diameter AB. What is the area of the
(c) 2 (6 + π ) cm (d) none of these square if the radius of the circle is ‘ r’?
6 An equilateral triangle C P Q
circumscribes all the six circles,
each with radius 1 cm. What is the
perimeter of the equilateral
A S C R B
triangle?
(a) 6 (2 + 3) cm 3 2 4 2 3 2 5 2
(a) r (b) r (c) r (d) r
(b) 3 ( 3 + 2) cm A B 4 5 5 4
(c) 12 ( 3 + 4) cm 12 In the adjoining figure a quadrant (of A
(d) none of the above circle) inscribes a square of maximum P R
7 A cube of maximum possible volume is cut from the sphere possible area. If the radius of the circle
of diameter 3 3 cm. What is the ratio of volume of the be ‘ r’ then what is the area of the square?
sphere to that of cube? B
r2 3r2 C Q
4 3 3 (a) (b)
(a) (b) π 2 5
π 2
r2
4 (c) (d) 2 6r
(c) π (d) none of these 3
3
8 A cube of maximum possible volume is cut from the solid 13 In the adjoining figure, AB is the
diameter of a semicircle which C
right circular cylinder. What is the ratio of volume of cube
inscribes a circle of maximum
to that of cylinder if the edge of a cube is equal to the height
possible area. If the radius of the A B
of the cylinder?
larger circle (i . e. , semicircle) is r, the area of the inscribed
11 π
(a) (b) 2 circle is :
7 7
7 5r2 2π 2 πr2
(c) (d) none of these (a) (b) r (c) (d) none of these
11 π 3 4

Page 40 of 277
Mensuration 493

14 In a quadrant (of a circle) a circle of 16 A 12 cm long wire is bent to form a triangle with one of its
maximum possible area is given. If the radius angle as 60°. Find the sides of the triangle (in cm) when its
of the circumscribing quadrant be r, then area is largest?
what is the area of the inscribed circle? (a) 3, 4, 5
π r2 (b) 2, 4, 6
(a) (2 + 3 2) r2 (b)
(3 + 2 2) (c) 4, 4, 4
 3 + 2 2 (d) 2.66, 3.66, 4.66
(c)   π (d) none of these
17 Let S1, S2, … , Sn be the squares such that for each n > 1, the
 r2 
length of a side of Sn equals the length of the diagonal of
15 A cylindrical chocobar has its radius r unit and height
S( n + 1). If the length of a circle of S1 is 10 cm, then for which of
‘ h’ unit. If we wish to increase the volume by same unit
the following values of n the area of Sn is less than 1 square
either by increasing its radius alone or its height alone,
cm?
then how many unit we have to increase the radius or
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 7
height?
r2 + 2r r2 − 2rh
18 Area of a regular hexagon and a regular octagon is same.
(a) (b) Which one of the two has larger perimeter?
h h
(a) Hexagon (b) Octagon
2r2 − rh πr2
(c) (d) (c) can’t be determined (d) none of these
h2 2h

Answers
Introductory Exercise 10.1
1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (c) 4 (b) 5 (a) 6 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 9 (a) 10 (c)
11 (b) 12 (d) 13 (a) 14 (b) 15 (b) 16 (c) 17 (c) 18 (d) 19 (c) 20 (b)
21 (b) 22 (a) 23 (c) 24 (c) 25 (c) 26 (b) 27 (c) 28 (c) 29 (b) 30 (c)
31 (b) 32 (c)

Introductory Exercise 10.2

1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (a) 4 (a) 5 (d) 6 (a) 7 (c) 8 (b) 9 (a) 10 (a)

Introductory Exercise 10.3

1 (a) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (b) 5 (d) 6 (b) 7 (a) 8 (b) 9 (d) 10 (c)
11 (b) 12 (a) 13 (b) 14 (d) 15 (a)

Introductory Exercise 10.4

1 (d) 2 (d) 3 (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 (a) 8 (a) 9 (a) 10 (b)
11 (c) 12 (d) 13 (b) 14 (a) 15 (b) 16 (a) 17 (a) 18 (c) 19 (a) 20 (c)
21 (a) 22 (b) 23 (b) 24 (c) 25 (c)

Introductory Exercise 10.5

1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (a) 7 (b) 8 (a) 9 (b) 10 (c)
11 (d) 12 (a) 13 (c) 14 (b) 15 (c) 16 (a) 17 (b) 18 (d) 19 (b) 20 (c)
21 (d) 22 (b) 23 (c) 24 (a) 25 (b) 26 (a) 27 (c) 28 (c) 29 (c) 30 (b)
31 (b) 32 (b)

Page 41 of 277
494 QUANTUM CAT
Introductory Exercise 10.6
1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (c) 4 (c) 5 (b) 6 (a) 7 (c) 8 (b) 9 (a) 10 (c)
11 (a) 12 (a) 13 (d) 14 (a) 15 (d) 16 (c) 17 (a) 18 (b) 19 (a) 20 (b)
21 (c) 22 (a) 23 (d) 24 (c) 25 (d) 26 (d) 27 (d) 28 (c) 29 (b) 30 (c)
31 (b) 32 (a) 33 (d) 34 (c) 35 (b) 36 (b) 37 (b) 38 (a) 39 (b) 40 (a)

Introductory Exercise 10.7

1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (c) 4 (a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 (c) 10 (c)
11 (d) 12 (a) 13 (c) 14 (d) 15 (b) 16 (c) 17 (a) 18 (d) 19 (b) 20 (a)

Multifaceted Exercise
1 (c) 2 (c) 3 (c) 4 (c) 5 (c) 6 (a) 7 (c) 8 (a) 9 (c) 10 (a)
11 (d) 12 (c) 13 (a) 14 (c) 15 (d) 16 (b) 17 (b) 18 (c) 19 (b) 20 (d)
21 (b) 22 (c) 23 (d) 24 (c) 25 (d) 26 (d) 27 (d) 28 (b) 29 (b) 30 (b)
31 (a) 32 (c) 33 (d) 34 (c) 35 (a) 36 (c) 37 (b) 38 (c) 39 (d) 40 (a)
41 (b) 42 (a) 43 (c) 44 (c) 45 (a) 46 (b) 47 (b) 48 (c) 49 (d) 50 (b)
51 (c) 52 (c) 53 (a) 54 (d) 55 (c) 56 (a) 57 (b) 58 (a) 59 (c)

Level 01 Basic Level Exercise

1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (b) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 (c) 8 (b) 9 (a) 10 (c)
11 (c) 12 (a) 13 (b) 14 (a) 15 (a) 16 (c) 17 (a) 18 (c) 19 (a) 20 (d)
21 (b) 22 (a) 23 (d) 24 (c) 25 (c) 26 (a) 27 (b) 28 (c) 29 (c) 30 (b)
31 (d) 32 (a) 33 (c) 34 (c) 35 (c) 36 (a) 37 (a) 38 (a) 39 (b) 40 (a)
41 (b) 42 (d) 43 (d) 44 (c) 45 (a) 46 (c) 47 (a) 48 (c) 49 (b) 50 (b)
51 (c) 52 (c) 53 (b) 54 (c) 55 (d) 56 (b) 57 (d) 58 (c) 59 (a) 60 (a)
61 (c) 62 (b) 63 (a) 64 (d) 65 (c) 66 (a) 67 (c) 68 (c) 69 (b)

Level 02 Higher Level Exercise

1 (c) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (b) 5 (a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (a) 9 (d) 10 (b)
11 (a) 12 (d) 13 (c) 14 (d) 15 (b) 16 (b) 17 (a) 18 (b) 19 (b) 20 (a)
21 (a) 22 (c) 23 (c) 24 (d) 25 (b) 26 (a) 27 (a) 28 (b) 29 (c) 30 (d)
31 (c) 32 (a) 33 (b) 34 (c) 35 (d) 36 (b) 37 (a) 38 (a) 39 (b) 40 (a)
41 (a) 42 (d) 43 (b) 44 (a) 45 (c) 46 (c) 47 (a) 48 (b) 49 (a) 50 (b)
51 (a) 52 (a) 53 (c) 54 (b) 55 (b) 56 (a) 57 (b) 58 (c) 59 (a) 60 (a)
61 (b) 62 (c) 63 (b) 64 (c) 65 (a) 66 (a) 67 (c) 68 (b) 69 (a) 70 (d)
71 (c) 72 (a) 73 (b) 74 (a) 75 (a) 76 (b) 77 (b) 78 (a) 79 (a)

Test for Your Learning

1 (c) 2 (b) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5 (c) 6 (a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10 (a)
11 (b) 12 (a) 13 (c) 14 (b) 15 (c) 16 (c) 17 (b) 18 (a)

Page 42 of 277
Mensuration 495

Hints & Solutions

Introductory Exercise 10.1
1 2 (16 x + 9 x ) = 750; l = 16 x and b = 9 x  d2 
12 d 2 = 2 × area Q Area = 
110  2
2 Area = = 220 sq m
0.5 d 2 = 2 × 2 ⇒ d = 2 km
and 11 x × 5x = 220 13 100 × 100 = 10000 m2 = 1 hectare
3 Length : breadth = 3 : 2 111 × 111 = 12321 m2
Also, area of floor = area of roof
∴ Difference in area = 2321 m2
and 30 is almost 50% of 62. So you need not to solve it. Just
759 − 561
look out for the appropriate option. Thus 1411.2 is almost 14 Rate = = ` 33 per metre
50% of 2916.48 and rest of the options are not satisfactory. 6
1
4 1 hectare = 10000 m2, find length and breadth, then 15 l×b= × 10000 = 1000 × b ⇒ b = 0.4 m
25
perimeter
Perimeter = 1000 m = 1 km 16 Side = (289)2 − (240)2
distance 1 1600 × 900
∴ Time = = hrs = 20 min 17 = 1800
speed 3 40 × 20
5 5 hectares and 76 ares = 57600 m2, find perimeter then d2
18 Area =
multiply it by 6. 2
6 l × 0.7 = 19 × 3.5 ⇒ l = 95 m (70 cm = 0.7 m) 19
1 1 1
× =
3 3 9
Also (95)2 = 9025
1
So 95 × 0.95 = 90.25 ∴ 90 × = 10 g (It depends upon area)
9
Area of courtyard
7 Number of stones = = 14400 20 l : b = 2 : 1
Area of one stone
2x 2 = 24200, find diagonal.
Cost = Rate × Number of stones
= (0.5 × 14400) (110)2 + (220)2 = 110 12 + 22
8 Area = (63 + 54 − 6) × 6 [Q Area = (l + b − 2w ) 2w] = 110 × 5
Area = (111 × 6) = 110 × 2.236 = 246 m
37 37 × 3 111 21 2 (2x + x ) × 11 = 2640, find 2x × x = ?
and Rate = = =
2 2× 3 6
111 22 Consider some appropriate values.
∴ Cost = (111 × 6) ×
6 4 6
= 111 × 111 = 12321 e.g. 4 4 2 2
9 Original area = l × b 4 6
b
New area = 2l × = l × b 4a = 16 cm 2 (l + b) = 16 cm
2
but a = 16 cm
2 2
and l × b = 12 cm2
Hence, no change.
⇒ a >l×b
2
10 (116 + 68 − 2w ) 2w = 720
Remember, when a + b is constant, then the maximum
Solve through quadratic equation.
value of a × b is at when a = b.
Alternatively Go through options and put w = 2 from So, area of square (i . e. , l × b = a × a) is always greater than
option (c) you will find that both sides are equal. So the area of rectangle with same perimeter.
presumed choice is correct. Alternatively Let each side of a square be a and length
11 Net area = Total area of 4 walls − 8m2 and breadth of the rectangle be l and b, then
and Area of 4 walls = 2 (l + b) × h  l + b
4a = 2 (l + b) ⇒ a =  
 2 

Page 43 of 277
496 QUANTUM CAT
∴ Area of the rectangle = l × b ⇒ l − b = 20
1
and Area of the square = a2 = (l + b)2 (Solving l + b = 40 and l − b = 20)
4 ∴ l = 30 and b = 10
But since we know that for any (different) certain values 100 × 100
24 = 16 (1 m = 100 cm)
AM > GM 25 × 25
l+ b
∴ > l×b 25 (120 + 80 − 24) × 24 = 176 × 24 = 4224
2
 l + b
2 26 (90 + 40 + 10) × 10 = 1400
⇒   >l×b
 2  27 2[( x + 2) + x] = 48 ⇒ x = 11 cm
⇒ Area of square > Area of rectangle ∴ ( x + 2) = 13 cm
23 Best way is to go through options and verify the result. 52000
28 = 160
Alternatively 2 (l + b) = 4a = 80 325
3.25 cm means 325 m, as per scale.
⇒ l + b = 40 and a = 20 ⇒ a2 = 400
d2
Also a2 − lb = 100 29 Area = ; d → diagonal
2
⇒ 400 − lb = 100
30 1.2 × 1.2 = 1.44 ⇒ 44% increase
⇒ lb = 300
Now (l − b)2 = (l + b)2 − 4lb 31 a2 : (a 2)2 = 1 : 2
(l − b)2 = 1600 − 1200 32 1.6 × 1.4 = 2.24 ⇒ increase = 1.24 ⇒ 124%

Introductory Exercise 10.2

1 Use Hero’s formula: (Since in ∆ ABC there are 4 similar triangles having same
Area of scalene triangle = s (s − a)(s − b)(s − c) area as ∆ DEF.)
A
2 D

F E
M
A 30 m
36 m
15 m B D C
b
5 60 = 4a2 − b2
B 36 m C 4
AM = BC = 36 m b
⇒ 60 = 676 − b2
4
MD = CD − MC = 30 − 15 (Q MC = AB = 15 m)
⇒ 57600 = b2 (676 − b2 )
∴ MD = 15 m
Now using Pythagoras theorem
AD 2 = AM 2 + MD 2, find AD By solving the above equation we can get the value of b.
Alternatively You can go through option.
3 Find the area, using Hero’s A
formula, then 6 Use pythagorus theorem
1 x 2 = (60)2 + (11)2
Area = ×b×h 25 m 39 m
2 Pythagorus theorem :  x 60
1  2 2 2
= × 56 × AD (Hypotenuse) =(base) + (height) 
2 D
B C 495.72
56 m 7 Area of field = 11
4 All the triangles are similar to 36.72
each other. = 13.5 hectare = 135000 m2
Area of ∆ ABC 4 Now, if h = x, b = 3x
∴ =
Area of ∆ DEF 1 1
∴ × b × h = 135000
2

Page 44 of 277
Mensuration 497

1 10 Let each side of a square be 3x and each side of an

8 Area of triangle = ×b×h
2 equilateral triangle be 4 x
Let initially area of triangle = 1 × 1 = 1 unit then perimeter of square = 4 × 3x = 12x
Now, the area of triangle = 2 × 2 = 4 unit
and perimeter of equilateral triangle = 3 × 4 x = 12x
4 −1
Increase in area = × 100 = 300% Now area of square = (3x )2 = 9 x 2
1
(For your convenience assume any value of b and h.) 3
3 Area of equilateral triangle = × (4 x )2 = 4 3x 2
9 Height of an equilateral triangle = × side 4
2 Since 9 > 4 3 ⇒ 9 x 2 > 4 3x
3
∴ 2 3= × side ⇒ Side = 4 cm Hence area of square is greater than area of equilateral
2
3 triangle, when the perimeter of both is same.
∴ Area of an equilateral triangle = × (side)2
4 Alternatively Consider any suitable value and verify.
3
= × 4 × 4 = 4 3 cm2
4

Introductory Exercise 10.3

1 Area = 6 × 8 sin 30° 1
8 × x × 2x = 256 ⇒ x 2 = 256 ⇒ x = 16
1  1 2
= 6 × 8 × = 24 cm2  sin 30° = 
2  2 ∴ 2x = 32
2 To find the area of parallelogram, first find the area of Hence, x + 2x = 16 + 32 = 48
∆ ABC by Hero’s formula then double it. 1
9 Area = × (30 + 50) × 16 = 640 cm2
D C 2
1
40 × AB × OQ
20 Area of ∆ AOB 2
10 =
Area of ∆ COD 1 × CD × PO
A 30 B
2
Since, area of ABCD = 2 × Area of ∆ ABC D P C

= 2 × Area of ∆ ACD
O
3 Area = 22 × 24 = 528 cm2

A B
22 Q
AB × OQ 2CD × 2OP 4 Q AB = 2 CD
= = =  
24 CD × PO CD × OP 1  and OQ = 2 PO 
4 Area = 40 × 18 = 720 cm2 This is due to the similarity of triangles AOB and COD.
11 Area of trapezium = 441
25 18
1
⇒ (5x + 9 x ) × 21 = 441 ⇒ 14 x = 42 ⇒ x = 3
2
40 ∴ 9 x = 27 cm
Area of parallelogram ABCD BC × AN 2 × 4x 8 1
5 = = = 12 × (12 + 8) × h = 360 ⇒ h = 36 m
Area of triangle ABN 1 x 1 2
× BN × AN
2 3 3 3 3 3
1 13 6 × × (Side)2 = (Side)2 = × 4 × 4 = 24 3 m2
6 Area of rhombus = × product of diagonals 4 2 2
2
1
1
= ×a×b=
ab 14 Area of quadrilateral = × 19 × (5 + 7 ) = 114 cm2
2 2 2

10 x 2  Diagonal 
7 Area of rhombus =
1
× 2x × 5x = = 5x 2
15 AB = BC = CD = AD = 4 cm Q Side = 
 2 
2 2
and square of the shorter diagonal = (2x )2 = 4 x 2 and EF = 1.5 cm (By Pythagorus theorem)
5x 2
5 ∴ Area of ABCDE = Area of ABCD + Area of AED
∴ =
4x2 4 1
= (4)2 + × 4 × 1.5 = 19 cm2
2

Page 45 of 277
498 QUANTUM CAT
Introductory Exercise 10.4
1 2πr = 704 ⇒ r = 112 11
22 a
∴ πr2 = × 112 × 112 = 39424 cm2 a a
7
a
7
2 2πr = 4.4 ⇒ r = m
10
∴ πr2 = 0.49π m2 Area of square = a2
2
22 1  a πa2
3 2πr = 2 × × 4.2 = 26.4 metre Area of circular parts = 4 × π  =
7 2  2 2
26.4 = 2 (6 x + 5x ) ⇒ 6 x = 7.2 m πa2  π
∴ Total area = a2 + = a2 1 + 
4 2πr = 440 ⇒ r = 70 m 2  2
12 πr2 = 2464 ⇒ r = 28 m
13 Basically there are 12 equilateral triangles each of side ‘a’.
70
14 m

84 m

∴ R = 70 + 14 = 84 m
 44 Fig. (i) Fig. (ii)
5 r + 2πr = 51 ⇒ r 1 +  = 51 ⇒ r = 7,
 7
3
Find area. ∴ 12 × × (a)2 = 3 3a2
4
 22  1 7 
2
6 (2πr − 2r) = 15 ⇒ 2r  − 1 = 15 1
7  14 × π × (7 )2 + 2  × π ×   
2  2  2 

7
⇒ r= Area of larger semicircle + 2 (area of smaller semicircle)
2
75 60
∴
22 7 7
πr2 =
× × = 38.5 m2 15 2π × R × = 25 ⇒ R =
7 2 2 360 π
New area π × 7 × 7 49 16 Ungrazed area = Area of square − 4 (area of quadrants)
7 = =
Original area π × 5 × 5 25 R
21 21
24 D C
Change in area = × 100 = 96%
25
New circumference 6 New radius
8 = = S Q
Original circumference 5 Original radius
2
New area  6 36
∴ =  =
Original area  5 25
A P B
11 42
∴ Change in area = × 100 = 44%
25 1
Alternatively = (42)2 − 4 × × π (21)2 = (21)2 [ 4 − π ] = 378
Change = (1.2 × 1.2) − (1 × 1) = 0.44 4
∴ Change = 44% 1
17 20 + × [ 2π × 10] = 20 + 10π
9 πr = 124.74 hectare
2 2
40 1 (360 − 40) 8
πr2 = 1247400 m2 ⇒ r = 630 m 18 = ∴ =
360 9 360 9
∴ 2πr = 3960
∴ Area of major sector = 8 × 8.25 = 66 cm2
∴ Cost = 3960 × 0.8 = ` 3168
1 1
158400 19 Area of a sector = × arc × radius = × 8 × 5.6 = 22.4 cm2
10 πr2 = ⇒ r2 = 36 ⇒ r = 6 m 2 2
1400

Page 46 of 277
Mensuration 499

22 23 4a = 4 × 66 = 264 = 2πr ⇒ r = 42
20 2πr = 2 × × 700 = 4400 m = 4.4 km
7 ∴ d = 2r = 84 m
Distance 4.4 1
Time = = = h = 20 minute 24 r = 42 ∴ 2πr = 264 = 4a ⇒ a = 66
Speed 13.2 3
∴ d = a 2 = 66 2
21 πR 2 = π [ r12 + r22 + r32], find R. 1100 110
22 25 Circumference = = = 2πr
22 π [ 232 − 122] = × [ 529 − 144] = 1210 560 56
7

Introductory Exercise 10.5

1 Volume of original cube = (4)3 = 64 cm3 10 Let each edge 7of smaller cube = 1 m
and its weight = 400 kg ∴ Each edge of larger cube = 2 m
Since weight of the larger cube is 8 times the weight of and Surface area of smaller cube = 6 × (1)2 = 6 m2
smaller cube. Hence, the volume of new cube will be
∴ Surface area of larger cube = 6 × (2)2 = 24 m2
8 times the volume of smaller cube.
Hence volume of required cube = 8 × 64 = (8)3 24 − 6
∴ % increase in surface area = × 100 = 300%
6
∴ Edge of this cube = 8 cm NOTE It can be determined by using variables e.g., x
2 Volume of the tank = 3 m3 (edge of cube) instead of solving by assuming some numerals.
∴ Base area × height = 3 m3 S2  e2 
2
S2 4
3 Alternatively =  ⇒ =
⇒ Base area = = 1.171875 m2 S1  e1  S1 1
2.56
4 −1
[Q Volume of cuboid = (l × b) × h = (base area) × height] ∴ Percentage increase in surface area = × 100 = 300%
1
3 Volume of cube = Volume of cuboid where, S = surface area, e = edge of cube.
a3 = lbh 3
V2  e2 
11 =  {Q V = (e)3}
⇒ a3 = 36 × 75 × 80 = 216000 V1  e1 
{e = edge of cube}
⇒ a = 60 cm 3
V2  2 8
4 Base area × height = Volume 10 × 4 × 1 = 40 m 3 ∴ =  =
V1  1 1
But 1 m3 = 1000 litre = 1 kilolitre
∴ V2 = 8V1
∴ 40 m3 = 40, 000 litre = 40 kilolitre
12 External volume of the box = 24 × 16 × 10 = 3840 cm3
5 Volume of smaller (required) cube = 8 (dm)3 = 0.008 m3 Thickness of the wood = 5 mm = 0.5 cm
∴ Number of required cubes ∴ Internal length of box = 24 − 2 × 0.5 = 23 cm
Volume of larger cube 1 Internal breadth of box = 16 − 2 × 0.5 = 15 cm
= = = 125
Volume of each smaller cube 0.008 Internal height of box = 10 − 2 × 0.5 = 9 cm
6 Volume of new cube = (3)3 + (4)3 + (5)3 = 216 cm3 ∴ Internal volume of the box = 23 × 15 × 9 = 3105 cm3
∴ Each edge of the new cube = 6 cm ∴ Volume of the wood = 3840 − 3105 = 735 cm3
and hence, surface area = 6 × (a)2 = 216 cm2 Now, total weight of wood
7 Total length of tape = 2 (l + b) + 3.75 = Volume × weight of 1 cm 3 wood
= 2 (39.5 + 9.35) + 3.75 7350 = 735 × weight of 1 cm3 wood
= 101.45 cm ∴ Weight of 1 cm 3 wood = 10 gm
8 Area of surface to be cemented = 2 × (l + b) × h + (l × b) 13 Length of tank = 120 cm
i.e., area of four walls + area of floor 120 1
But since, = 17 , hence 17 cubes can be placed along
= 2 × (21) × 4 + (106.25) = 274.25 m2 7 7
∴ Cost of cementing = 24 × 274.25 = ` 6582 length and breadth of tank = 80 cm
80 3
9 Total volume of water displaced by 250 men But since, = 11 , hence 11 cubes can be placed along
7 7
= 250 × 4 = 1000 m3
breadth and height of tank = 50 cm.
Volume 1000
∴ Rise in water level (h) = = = 25 cm But since,
50 1
= 7 , hence only 7 cubes can be placed along
Base area 80 × 50 7 7
height of the tank.

Page 47 of 277
500 QUANTUM CAT
∴ Total volume occupied by these cubes 23 Net volume = (10 × 8 × 2) − (2 × 2 × 2) = 152 cm3
= (7 ) × 17 × 11 × 7 = 448987 cm
3 3
Net surface area = 2 (10 × 8 + 8 × 2 + 2 × 10)
Total volume of the tank = 120 × 80 × 50 = 480000 cm 3 + 4 (2 × 2) − 2 (2 × 2)
∴ Area of unoccupied space = 480000 − 448987 = 240 cm2
= 31013 cm3 = 31.013 dm3 24 Available area for spreading the earth
14 Surface area of the cuboid = 2 (lb + bh + hl) = 11.6 m3 = (600 × 200) − (24 × 12) = 119712 m2
∴ Cost of canvas = 11.6 × 25 = ` 290 Volume of the earth = 119712 × rise in level
15 Required surface area = 2 (9 × 3 + 3 × 3 + 3 × 9) = 126 cm2 24 × 12 × 8 = 119712 × h
16 Area of 4 walls = 2 (36 + 12) × 10 = 960 m2 2304
⇒ h= = 0.01924 m = 1.92 cm
Total area of (windows + door + chimney) = 120 m2 119712
∴ Net area for papering = 960 − 120 = 840 m2 25 Net volume of the wall
840 = Total volume − Volume taken away due to doors
∴ Length of required paper = = 700 m
1.2 = (30 × 0.3 × 5) − 2 (4 × 2.5 × 0.3) = 39 m3
Hence, cost of papering = 700 × 0.7 = ` 490 8 1
Volume of the bricks = 39 × (Since part is lime in the wall)
17 Number of children × Space required for one child 9 9
= Volume of room 39 × 8
∴ Number of bricks =
30 × 12 × 6 9 × 0.2 × 0.16 × 0.08
∴ Number of children = = 270
8 = 13541.66 ≈ 13600
18 ( x + 2)3 − x 3 = 1016 26 Volume of water which flow in 25 minutes
⇒ x = 12 cm
= 25 × 60 × 0.05 × 0.03 × 16 = 36 m3
and x 3 − ( x − 2)3 = (12)2 − (10)2 = 728
36 1
19 You can see the figure shown in the question number 15. ∴ Rise in water level = = m = 0.2 m
15 × 12 5
Now let us consider that surface area of each face of the
cube 1 cm3. 27 A cube has 6 equal faces, 12 equal edges, 8 vertices and 4
equal diagonals.
∴ Total surface area of the cuboid = 14 cm2
(See the figure shown in orticle 10.8)
and Total surface area of the 3 cubes = 18 cm2
28 a 3 = 6 3 ⇒ a = 6 cm
Hence, required ratio = 14 : 18 = 7 : 9
NOTE In the arrangement of cuboid there are only 14 faces 29 l2 + b2 = 12 ⇒ l2 + b2 = 144
visible to us.
and l2 + b2 + h 2 = 15
20 Iron used in the tube
⇒ l2 + b2 + h 2 = 225
= Difference in external and internal volumes of the tube
⇒ h = 81 ⇒ h = 9 m
2

30 l + b + h = 12 cm, l2 + b2 + h 2 = 5 2

5 cm ⇒ l2 + b2 + h 2 = 50
m
8c Now, (l + b + h)2 = l2 + b2 + h 2 + 2 (lb + bh + hl)
7 cm
⇒ 144 = 50 + 2 (lb + bh + hl)
∴ 192 = 8 x 2 − 8 (5)2 ⇒ x = 7 cm
⇒ 2 (lb + bh + hl) = 94 cm2
7−5
Hence, the thickness of the tube = = 1 cm 31 h : b = 3 : 1 and l : h = 8 : 1
2
21 Base area of vessel × rise in water level = Volume of cube ⇒ l : h : b = 24 : 3 : 1
∴ 24 x × 3x × x = 36.864
15 × 12 × h = 11 × 11 × 11 ⇒ h = 7.39 cm
⇒ x 3 = 0.512 ⇒ x = 0.8
22 (Initial volume of water + required volume of water
∴ h = 3x = 2.4 m
+ volume of cube)
= Base area of vessel × 10 32 lb = x, bh = y, hl = z
∴ 25 × 20 × 5 + required volume of water+ 1000 ∴ lb × bh × hl = xyz
= 25 × 20 × 10 ⇒ (lbh)2 = xyz
⇒ Required volume of water = 1500 cm = 1.5 litre
3
⇒ lbh = xyz

Page 48 of 277
Mensuration 501

Introductory Exercise 10.6

22 r 3x
1 Required volume of water = × (0.04)2 × 3500 12 = , πr2h = 4851 ⇒ x = 3.5
7 h 4x
= 17.6 m3 ∴ r = 10.5 m and h = 14 m
10 × 10 × 10 22
2 h= =3
2
cm ∴ 2πrh = 2 × × 10.5 × 14 = 924 m2
π × 10 × 10 11 7
2πr (h + r) 4
511 13 =
3 h= = 14 m 2πrh 1
36.5 h+ r 4 r 3
⇒ = ⇒ =
4 2π rh = 1056 cm2 h 1 h 1
33 Alternatively Go through options.
⇒ r= cm
π 21
2 14 2πr = 33 ⇒ r =
 33 4
∴ πr h = π ×   × 16
2
π 22  21
2
∴ Volume = πr2h = ×   × 330
⇒ Volume = 5544 cm3 7  4
= 28586.25 cm3
5 Diameter of the cylinder = edge of the cube = 2 cm
r1 4 x
Height of the cylinder = edge of the cube 15 = , but V1 = V2
r2 x
∴ Required volume = (2)3 − π × (1)2 × 2
∴ π (4 x )2 × h1 = π ( x )2 h2
 44 12
=8−  = cm3
7 7 ⇒ h2 = 16h1

2πrh 17.6 16 2πr (h + r) = 2640

6 h= = = 2m
2πr 8.8 ⇒ 2πr (30) = 2640 ⇒ r = 14 m
and 2πr = 8.8 ⇒ h = 16 m (Q r + h = 30 m)
⇒ r = 1.4 m ∴ h: r = 8:7
22 V1 π (r1 )2 h1 3 × 3 × 4 12
∴ πr h =
2
× (1.4)2 × 2 = 12.32 m3 17 = = =
7 V2 π (r2 )2 h2 5 × 5 × 3 25
h V1 1
7 2r = h ⇒ r = 18 =
2 V2 1
h h 3
∴ 2πr (h + r) = 2π ×  h +  = πh 2 2
 r1  h 1 r 
2
3 1
2 2 2   × 1 = ⇒  1 × =
 r2  h2 1  r2  1 1
8 2πrh = 2 × π × 2 × 10 = 40π m2
2
2πrh  r1  1 r1 1
9 =
2
⇒
h
=
2
⇒
h 2
= ⇒   = ⇒ =
2πr (h + r) 3 h+ r 3 r 1  r2  3 r2 3

∴ 2πr (h + r) = 924 2πr1h1 3 6 9

19 = × =
2 2πr2h2 2 7 7
∴ 2πrh = 924 × = 616 cm2
3 20 h = 42 cm, 2πR = 132 cm
⇒ 2 × π × x × 2x = 616 ⇒ R = 21 cm
⇒ x = 7 ∴ r = 7 cm and h = 14 cm ∴ r = 21 − 3 = 18 cm
22
∴ πr2h = × (7 )2 × 14 = 2156 cm3 ∴ Required volume = π (R 2 − r2 ) h
7
22
π × r × r × h 269.5 = [(21)2 − (18)2] × 42 = 15444 cm3
10 = ⇒ r = 3.5 cm 7
2× π × r × h 154
21 Since radius and height of the cylinder are same as that of
Now, 2π × 3.5 × h = 154 ⇒ h = 7 cm
cone. Therefore cylinder can contain 15 × 3 = 45 litre of
11 2πrh = 1320 ⇒ h = 10 cm milk.
22 1
∴ 2πr (h + r) = 2 × × 21 × 31 = 4092 cm2 Hint Volume of cone = πr 2 h and volume of cylinder = πr 2 h.
7 3

Page 49 of 277
502 QUANTUM CAT
22 Best way is to go through option. Volume of cylinder πr 2 h 1 3
30 = = =
V1 1 (r )2 h 1 Volume of cone   2
1   1
1
Alternatively = ⇒ 1 2 1 =   πr h  
V2 27 (r2 ) h2 27  3  3
A
x13 (1)3 x 1 31 By Pythagorus theorem
⇒ = ⇒ 1 = 10 cm
3
x 2 (3)3
x2 3 AD = 3 cm
h1 1 ∴ Area of axial section 5 5
⇒ = 20 cm 1 3
h2 3 = × 8 × 3 = 12 cm2
2
h2 30 B C
∴ h1 = = = 10 cm 4 D 4
3 3 V (1.4)3 2.744
32 2 = =
Hence, cone is cut off at (30 − 10 = ) 20 cm above the base. V1 (1)3 1
 2.744 − 1 
Hint For more clarification of the concept seek help from geometry. ∴ % increase in volume =   × 100 = 174.4%
(Similarity of triangles)  1
1 22 13 13 33 Area of circular sheet = 625π
23 Volume of conical tent = × × × × 10.5
3 7 2 2 Since length of arc and area of sector are directly
Volume of tent 3 proportional to the central angle.
∴ Average space per man = = 58 Therefore, length of remaining arc
8 32
96
1 2 2200 = × 2 × π × 25 = 48π
24 × π × (5x )2 × (12x ) = 314 = 100
3 7 7
But the remaining arc is equal to the circumference of the
⇒ x = 1 ∴ r = 5 and h = 12
base of circular cone.
∴ l = 13 m
∴ 2πR = 48π ⇒ R = 24 cm
1 22
25 × × r2 × 24 = 1232 ⇒ r = 7 cm Now, since the slant height of cone is equal to the radius of
3 7
the original circular sheet.
22
∴ πrl = × 7 × 25 = 550 cm2 (Q l = r2 + h 2 ) Hence, l = 25 cm
7
h = 7 cm (Q l = r2 + h 2 )
26 2πr = 220 ⇒ r = 35 cm
Radius 24
∴ =
∴ l = r2 + h 2 = 91 cm Height 7
22 V2 (r2 )2 h2 (2r)2
∴ πrl =
× 35 × 91 = 10010 cm2 34 = = {Q h1 = h2}
7 V1 (r1 )2 h1 (r)2
22
27 Area of cloth = πrl = × 14 × 50 = 2200 m2 V2 4
7 ⇒ =
V1 1
2200
∴ Length of cloth = = 220 m
10 35 Each edge of cube= 10 cm
28 πrl = 23.10 ⇒ rl = 2.1 × 3. 5 Radius of base of cone = 5 cm
Height of cone = 10 cm
Now, we know that h = 2.8. So we can assume the value of
1 22
r from the given option. ∴ Volume of cone = × × 25 × 10 = 261.9 cm2
3 7
at r = 2.1, l = 3.5 (Q l = r2 + h 2 )
V2 r12 × h1 2 × 2 × 2 8
Alternatively r (r + h ) = (2.1 × 3.5)
2 2 2 2 36 = = =
V1 r22 × h2 1 × 1 × 1 1
⇒ r4 + (2.8)2 r2 = (7.35)2 ⇒ r4 + 7.84r2 = 54.0225 BD A
37 = cos 60°
⇒ k + 7.84k − 54.0225, k = r
2 2
AB
30°

BD 1
=
°
30

Now, solve the above quadratic equation, if you can else

AB 2
substitute the value of r from the given choices.
BD = CD, are the radii of the base
πr1l1 3
29 = (Q r1 = r2 ) and AB = AC are the slant heights 60° 60°
πr2l2 2 B
D
C
of the cone. A is the vertex and BC
A1 3 A1 3 is the base.
∴ = ⇒ =
A2 2 300 2
∴ A1 = 450 cm2 1
38 Volume of cone = π × 144 × 35
3

Page 50 of 277
Mensuration 503

Volume of water flowing per second 39 Use the given formula :

500 π
= π × (0.8)2 × Volume = h (r2 + Rr + R 2 )
60 3
 π where π =
22
, h = 6, R = 4 and r = 2
  × 144 × 35
 3 7
∴ Required time = = 315 s
 500 1 8 2
π × 0.64 ×   40 π × (10)2 × 72 = π × (30)2 × h ⇒ h = = 2 cm
 60  3 3 3

Introductory Exercise 10.7

4 4
1 π (r13 + r23 + r33 ) = π (6)3 M
3 3 A B
E
⇒ 27 + 64 + r33 = 216
⇒ r33 = 125
G
⇒ r3 = 5 cm
4
2 πr2 × 144 = π × (12)3 (Q Volume remains constant) F
3
D C
⇒ r = 4 cm P

3 Number of bottles × Volume of each bottle In the diagram, AG = MG = PG = radius of sphere

= Volume of hemisphere Now, using Pythagoras Theorem in right angle ∆ AEG, we

2
n × π × (3) × 1 = π × (6)3 ⇒ n = 16
2 can find EG = AG 2 − AE 2 = 152 − 92 = 12 cm.
3
1 2 Therefore height of the cylinder = EF = 2 EG = 24 cm
4 π × (r)2 × 14 = π × (7 )3 ⇒ r = 7 cm
3 3 Now, Lateral surface area of cylinder
4 = 2π × 9 × 24 = 432 π sq cm
5 Volume of the spherical shell = π (R 3 − r3 )
3 Total surface area of original sphere
4 872
= π (7 3 − 53 ) = π = 4π (radius of sphere)2 = 4π × 152 = 900 π sq cm
3 3
6 Since volume is constant Lateral surface area of a spherical cap = perimeter of the
4 4 sphere × height of the spherical cap
∴ n × π (1)3 = π × (8)3 ⇒ n = 512
3 3 = 2π × (radius of the sphere) × (MG − EG )
2 = 2π × 15 × (15 − 12) = 90π
7 Volume of hemisphere = πr3
3 Therefore, required surface area
2 22 = 432 π + [ 900 π − 2(90 π )] = 1152 π sq cm
= × × (21)3 = 19404 m3
3 7
11 Look at the following digaram and recall the definition of a
8 Change in height (or level) of water zone.
Volume of sphere
=
Base area of cylinder Zone
Hemisphere
4 Spherical cap
π × (9)3
3 27
= = cm
π × (12)2
4
Hence choice (d) is correct.
9 Volume of cone = Volume of sphere Solutions (for Q. Nos. 12 to14) Given that AB and CD are
1 2 7 4 parallel, if we draw a line passing from the centre and
πr × = π (7 )3 ⇒ r = 14 2 cm
3 2 3 intersecting AB and CD, this line EF will be perpendicular to both
10 Required surface area = lateral surface area of cylinder + the lines AB and CD. If you have any doubt please refer the
[Total surface Area of Sphere − 2 (lateral surface area of Geometry chapter, especially, Lines and Angles section to
spherical cap)] understand this concept and even you can refer the Circles
section also.

Page 51 of 277
504 QUANTUM CAT
But, OF = OE − EF = 15 − 7 = 8 cm
2 cm
C 4 E D Now, in ∆CFO, we have

5
3 CF = CO 2 − OF 2 = 17 2 − 82 = 15 cm
O 7 cm
The height of larger spherical cap
5 4 = radius of sphere + length of OF
A 3 F B 1 cm = 17 + 8 = 25 cm
And the height of the smaller segment = radius of sphere
Now, we know that ∆AFO and ∆CEO are right angle − length of OE = 17 − 15 = 2 cm.
triangles. We know that EF = 7 cm and AF = 3 cm.
15 Volume of the zone
Now in ∆OAF, we can use Pythagoras theorem and find OF πh 2
= (h + 3r12 + 3r22 )
= OA 2 − AF 2 = 52 − 32 = 4 cm. 6
7π 2 3206
Therefore, OE = EF − OF = 3 cm. = (7 + 3 (8)2 + 3(15)2 ) = π
6 3
Now, in ∆CEO, we can use Pythagoras theorem and find
Hence, choice (b) is correct.
CE = CO 2 − OE 2 = 52 − 32 = 4 cm. 16 Volume of the larger spherical cap
Therefore, AB = 2 ( AF ) = 6 cm and CD = 2 (CE ) = 8 cm. πh 2 25 π 16250
= (h + 3r2 ) = (252 + 3 (15)2 ) = π
Now, we know that the segment with larger base radius is 6 6 3
the larger segment, so the height of larger segment Hence, choice (c) is correct.
= 5 − 3 = 2 cm. Similarly, the hight of the smaller segment
17 Total surface area of the smaller spherical cap
= 5 − 4 = 1 cm
= 2π Rh + π r2 = 2 π (17 × 2) + π (2)2 = 72π
12 Volume of the zone
Hence, choice (a) is correct.
πh 2 7π 2
= (h + 3r12 + 3r22 ) = (7 + 3 (3)2 + 3 (4)2 ) 18 Volume of the spherical sector = Volume of the spherical
6 6
434 cap + Volume of the conical section
= π
3 h
Hence, choice (a) is correct.
13 The smaller spherical cap has 3 cm radius and 1 cm height. R
Therefore the volume of the smaller spherical cap
πh 2 π (5 − 4) 14
= (h + 3r2 ) = ((5 − 4)2 + 3(3)2 ) = π.
6 6 3
Hence, choice (c) is correct. But the height of the conical section = 252 − 7 2 = 24 cm
14 The larger spherical cap has 4 cm radius and 2 cm height. Therefore, the height of the smaller spherical cap
Therefore, the lateral surface area of the larger spherical = 25 − 24 = 1 cm
cap perimeter of the sphere × height of the spherical cap
Thus, the total surface area of the sector of the sphere
= 2π (5) × (2) = 20 π
πh 2 1
Hence, choice (d) is correct. = (h + 3r2 ) + (base area of cone × height of cone)
6 3
Solutions (for Q. Nos. 15 to 17) Given that OA = OC = 17cm. π 1 1250
= (1 + 3 (7 ) ) + (π × 7 2 ) × 24 =
2
π
Now drop the perpendicular OF from the centre on the line CD 6 3 3
and another perpendicular OE on the line AB. These Hence, choice (d) is correct.
perpendiculars will bisect the lines CD and AB respectively.
1
19 Volume of pyramid = × base area × height
3
1
= × 25 × 12 = 100 cm3
3
O
17 Hence, choice (b) is correct.
F
C
17
D 20 Volume of prism = Base area × height
E
A B Since, base area is constant and height is being halved
therefore volume will also be halved. Hence, its volume
Now, in ∆AEO, we have will be reduced by 50%.
OE = OA 2 − AE 2 = 17 2 − 82 = 15 cm Hence, choice (a) is correct.

Page 52 of 277
Mensuration 505

Level 01 Basic Level Exercise

1 With the given perimeter the area of parallelogram will be ⇒ a + b = 17 …(i)
maximum when it will be a rhombus. A
Hence, option (a) is correct.
Alternatively 13 cm
b
D C
B
d h = d/2 C a
Again (a − b)2 = (a + b)2 − 4ab
30°
A b B (a − b)2 = 289 − 240
Perimeter = 2d + 2b = 4h + 2b = 64 cm ⇒ (a − b) = 7 …(ii)
64 − 4h From eq. (i) and (ii), we get
⇒ b=
2 a = 12 cm and b = 5 cm
64h − 4h 2 (Altitude+ Base − Hypotenuse)
∴ Area = b × h = = f ( A) Now, Inradius =
2 2
1 (12 + 5 − 13)
∴ f ′ ( A ) = (64 − 8h) (Refer the differentiation) = = 2 cm
2 2
For the maximum area = f ′ ( A ) = 0 Area
Alternatively Inradius (r) =
1 Semiperimeter
∴ (64 − 8h) = 0
2 30
= = 2 cm
⇒ h = 8 cm and d = 16 cm 15
∴ b = 16 cm  (12 + 5 + 13) 
Semiperimeter = = 15
 2 
2 Volume of water displaced = volume of sphere
NOTE If you are well aware with Pythagorian triplets then
4
π × (40)2 × h =
π × (30)3 it is very easy to find the sides ( i . e. , altitude and base) of the right
3 angle triangle.
90
⇒ h= = 22.5 cm 5 General phenomenon: A convex polygon in which
4 there is maximum number of sides, it has the greatest
Thus, the level of water rises by 22.5 cm. enclosed area when the perimeter of the polygon is
constant.
NOTE The volume of water will be calculated by
considering it in the cylindrical shape since the water takes the Remember that in a circle there are infinite sides of
shape of vessel in which it is filled. minimum possible length. So, the area of circle will be
maximum.
3 O is the starting point and L is the end point. Alternatively Perimeters of hexagon and
24 m circumference of circle are same i.e.
L
N
10 m 6a = 2πr ⇒ 21a = 22 r
where a is the side of hexagon and r is the radius of circle.
28 m

O 12 m W E then Area of circle = πr2

18 m 3
and Area of hexagon = 6 × × a2
S 4
2
12 m 3 3  22r
= × 
4  21 
(OL )2 = (24)2 + (10)2
OL2 = 676 3 3 22 22
= × × × r2
⇒ OL = 26 m North-East 4 7×3 7×3
3 22 2
4 a + b2 = 132 = 169
2
= × πr = 0.45πr2
4 21
a×b
and = 30 Therefore, area of circle πr 2 is greater than area of hexagon.
2
Similarly you can compare other figures.
Now (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
Alternatively Consider some suitable values. Let us
(a + b)2 = 169 + 120 assume perimeter of square and hexagon is 24 cm, then
each side of square = 6 cm.

Page 53 of 277
506 QUANTUM CAT
and Area = 36 cm2 a 3
⇒ h=
Similarly, each side of hexagon = 4 cm 2
3 3 ∴ Area of rhombus a
h a
and area of hexagon = × (4)2 = 24 3 cm2
2 a × 3a
=a×h= 60°
2 a
Thus, we can say that for a particular (or constant) value of
perimeter, area of hexagon is greater than that of square. and Area of square = a2
 24 a2
Similarly each side of octagon = 3 cm  =  ∴ Required ratio = ×2
 8
3a2
∴ Area of octagon = 2a2 (1 + 2) 2  3 2 3
= ×  =
= 2 × 9 (1 + 2) ≈ 43.5 cm2 3  3 3
Thus, the area of octagon is greater than the area of 10 D R C
hexagon.
12
Similarly, 2πr = 24 ⇒ r = cm S Q
π
12 12
∴ Area of circle = π × r2 = π × × = 45.81 cm2 A B
π π P
Thus, we can say that ultimately the area of the circle is ABCD is a square, AB = BC = CD = AD = 20 cm
greatest. and P , Q , R and S are the mid-points.
D C D C ∴ PS = SR = RQ = PQ = 10 2cm (Q AP = BP etc = 10 cm)
6
90° ∴ Area of square PQRS = (10 2)2 = 200 cm2
or D C
Alternatively We can see that there
90° are total 8 equal parts (or triangles) out
A B A B
of 8 we have taken only 4 parts i . e. ,
Since sum of all the angles of a quadrilateral is 360°. 50% area has been cut out.
Therefore, ∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C + ∠ D = 360° So, the remaining area = 50% of 400 B
A
⇒ ∠ B + ∠ C = 180° = 200 cm2.
⇒ ∠ B = 180° − ∠ C A
11 Area of right angle triangle
∠ ABG = 60° ( x + 2) × (2x + 3)

(x + 2)
7 = = 60
∴ ∠ GBC = 90° − 60° = 30° 2
Again ∠ BGC + ∠BCG = 180° − 30° = 150° ⇒ 2x 2 + 7 x + 6 = 120
⇒ 2x 2 + 7 x − 114 = 0 C B
Now, since ∠ BGC = ∠ BCG (2x + 3)
D C Solving the above quadratic equation, we get
75° x=6
75°
G ∴ x + 2 = 8 cm
and 2x + 3 = 15 cm
30°

∴ Hypotenuse AB = (8)2 + (15)2 = 17 cm

60° 60°
A B (Using Pythagorus theorem)
U T
∴ ∠ BGC = 75° 12 Let us assume PQRSTUVW is a regular D C
octagon with each side a unit. V S
NOTE In a triangle when two sides are equal, then the two
angles opposite to these sides are also equal.
Again, if we produce all the sides of
octagon in both sides we get a square. W R
r 3x
8 = Since each of the side of octagon is ‘a’ A B
R 4x P Q
then
Q 4 x − 3x = 2 r
UV = WP = QR = ST = a
⇒ x=2 a
R ∴ DU = DV (etc. ) =
∴ Outer radius = 8 cm 2
∴ Area of outer circle a a
∴ DU + UT + TC = + a+
= π × (8)2 = 64π cm2 2 2
9
h
= sin 60° = a (1 + 2)
a ∴ Area of square = a2 (1 + 2)2
h 3 = a2 (3 + 2 2) sq unit
=
a 2

Page 54 of 277
Mensuration 507

Again, area of each shaded portion (i . e. , an isosceles right ∴ Area of the shaded region B
angle triangle)  2 
= 102 − 49 3 cm2 A 60° 60°
1 a a a2  3 
= × × = 60°
2 2 2 4 18 l1 × b1 = l2 × b2
a2 C
∴ Total area of all the shaded region = 4 × = a2 New area of first rectangle
4 5 3 15
∴ Area of octagon = Area of square ABCD = l1 × b1 = l1b1
4 4 16
− Area of total shaded region 3 5 15
= a2 (3 + 2 2) − a2 New area of the second rectangle = l2 × b2 = l2b2
4 4 16
= 2a2 (1 + 2) sq. unit Hence, areas of both the new rectangles are same.
13 Let the each side of the square be DM D C
19 = sin 60°
2 cm, then D C AD
area of square = 4 cm2 and 6 3 3
a
63 a
area of 4 quadrants of the four =
AD 2 60°
circles (i . e. , unshaded part inside A M B
⇒ AD = 12 cm
the square) A B
1 4 3 1 2
= 4 × π × (1)2 = π cm2 20 πr = πr h
4 3 3
∴ Area of shaded region = (4 − π ) cm2 (Since radii of sphere and cone are same)
4−π 6/7 3 ⇒ 4r = h
Therefore, the required ratio = = = h 4
π 22/ 7 11 ∴ = ⇒ h: r = 4:1
r 1
14 From the concept of mid point theorem, it is the average of 1 1 
the length of the parallel sides. 21 Area of the shaded region =  π(22)2 − 2  π × (11)2 
2  2 
OP 1 PC
15 From the concept of similarity of triangles = = 1
OQ 5 BQ = π × (11)2 [ 4 − 2] = 121π cm2
O 2
x 22 Area of path = (l + b − w ) w
D C = (60 + 40 − 5) 5 = 475 m2
P h
Cost = Area × Rate
4x
= 475 × 0.8 = ` 380
Q 23 Go through options. Let the length and breadth of the
A B
second rectangle is l and b respectively, then the area of
Since, the ratio in radii of the two cones is 1 : 5. Therefore,
21 second field = l × b.
the radius of smaller cone ODC is = 4.2 cm.
5 NOTE Now consider option (d) i. e. , x = 80, then
Alternatively Solve it in the proper way, which is
1
actually a very tedious process. Still you have to apply the Area of first field = l × 5b = lb
concept of similarity of triangles, which you will study in 5
Geometry. Hence, area of first field is same as that of second field,
16 l × b = 2 (l + b) hence the presumed option is correct.
2b 2 (b − 2) + 4 4 1
⇒ l= = = 2+ 24 Area of quadrant = πa2
(b − 2) b−2 (b − 2) 4
a2
Area of triangle ACB =
Since, l is an integer, so 4 must be divisible by (b − 2). 2
Thus, b can be 4 or 6 or 3.
Therefore, if b = 4, l = 4, it will be a square. If b = 6, l = 3and
if b = 3, l = 6. → Area of required region
A B
Hence, l = 6 and b = 3
∴ l−b=3 → Area of segment
3
17 Area of ∆ ABC = × (14)2 = 49 3 cm2
4
C
Area of sector
πa2 a2 a2
ABC = π × (14)2 ×
60 2
= 102 cm2 ∴ Area of segment = − = [ π − 2]
360 3 4 2 4

Page 55 of 277
508 QUANTUM CAT
2 2
1  a 2 πa2 ∴ Area of equilateral triangle =
3  4a
Area of semi-circle = π  =  
2  2  4 4  3

πa2 a2 a2 4 3 2
∴ Area of required region = − [ π − 2] = sq unit a =
4 4 2 9
a ×9
2
25 Wrongly calculated area = 1.05 × 0.92 = 0.966 = 96.6% ∴ Required ratio of area =
4 3 × a2
∴ % error = 100 − 96.6 = 3.4%
Alternatively Actual area = l × b
= 9: 4 3
Wrongly calculated area = 1.05l × 0.92b = 0.966lb 31 ABCD is a square O is the point of intersection of diagonals.
P , Q , R and S are the mid-points on the sides AB, BC , CD,
Deficit in area = lb − 0.966lb = 0.034lb
DA respectively.
0.034lb
% error in area = × 100 = 3.4%
lb D R C
26 Volume of water = Area of cross-section × Length of pool
(10 + 6) S Q
= × 6 × 120 = 5760 m3 O
2
22176
27 Area of path = = 22176 m2 A
P
B
1 Fig. (i)
Fig. (ii)
π (R 2 − r2 ) = 22176
22176 r In the above figure you can see that there are total 16
(R 2 − r2 ) = ×7 congruent isosceles right angled triangles.
22
In figure (iii) you can see that OMPN is a square of
R 2 − (112)2 = 7056 R
maximum possible area which is made up of 2 isosceles
⇒ R 2 = 19600 ⇒ R = 140 m right angled triangles OMP and ONP. Thus, there are 4
∴ Width of the path = 140 − 112 = 28 m smaller squares around O and thus the total area of these 4
squares is half of the larger square. Hence, the required
28 From the figure itself it is clear that there are total area = 800 cm2.
9 equilateral (congruent) triangles. Out of 9 triangles,
O
3 triangles are cut out.
A A
M 90° 90° N

T S T S
A B
U R U R P
Fig. (iii)

B C B C Alternatively ABCD is a square

P Q P Q R
Fig. (i) Fig. (ii) AB = 40 cm D C
1 OA = OB = 20 2 cm
It means (i . e. , 33.33%) area has been removed.
3 and OP = 20 cm O Q
M N
SP 3 C Square OMPN has maximum area inside
29 = sin 60° = the triangle and OP is the diagonal of A B
AS 2 P
square OMPN.
3 S R
⇒ SP = AS (20)2
2 ∴ Area of OMPN = = 200 cm 2
Also, SP = SR = CS = CR 2
A B
P Q Since, there are total 4 similar squares in each of the
(since, SR || AB ∴ ∠ CSR = ∠ SRC = ∠ RCS = 60°) 4 triangles AOB, BOC , COD, DOA inside the larger square.
So, the total required area of 4 smaller squares
3
∴ CS = AS = 4 × 200 = 800 cm 2
2 C
CS 3 CR 32 Let the each side of equilateral triangle be
∴ = = a
AS 2 RB ‘a’, then circumradius of the circle = a
3
2 O
30 Let the each side of a square be a then its area will be a . ∴ Area of circumcircle
Therefore, area of circle will also be a2. 2
 a π A
D
B
Again since the perimeter of square and equilateral triangle = πr2 = π ×   = a2
4a  3 3
is same then, the each side of equilateral triangle is ⋅
3

Page 56 of 277
Mensuration 509

Area of square whose side is equal to that of equilateral 38 Area of large cube = 6 × (5)2 = 150 (unit) 2
triangle = a2. Area of cuboid = 2 (1 × 1 + 1 × 125 + 125 × 1)
π 2 = 502 (unit) 2
a
π
∴ Required ratio = 3 2 = (502 − 150)
a 3 Therefore, increase in surface area = × 100
150
NOTE A circumcircle always passes through the vertices of 2
= 234 %
the inscribed figure (say triangle). 3
33 Best way is to go through option. Given that height of room 39 AO = BO = 13 cm
= 10 m. ⇒ AC = BD = 26 cm (Q O is the point of bisector)
Volume of room = 25 × 400 = 10000 m3 Now, since the diagonals are equal, it D C
and Surface area of walls = 2h (l + b) = 1300 m2 means the given figure is actually a
Now, consider option (c) and verify it. rectangle.
where l = 40 and b = 25 A B
∴ BC 2 = AC 2 − AB 2
34 Let the each side of equilateral triangle be a, then its
perimeter = 3a BC 2 = (26)2 − (24)2
C BC 2 = 100
Again, 2 (l + b) = 3a
3 3a ⇒ BC = 10 cm
⇒ l + b = a⇒ a + b = Q P
2 2 40 AB = 16 cm
AB = l = a
(for the rectangle) A B AQ = 10 cm
a AB
⇒ b= and AO = = 8 cm
2 2
a a2
∴ Area of rectangle = a × = ∴ OQ = AQ − AO
2 2
3 = 10 − 8 = 2 cm
and Area of triangle = × a2
4
a2/ 2 2
∴ Required ratio = 2
=
3a /4 3
A P O Q B
35 Since, b, l and 2 (l + b) are in GP, therefore
l 2(l + b)
= OQ (= OP ) is the radius of smaller enclosed circle between
b l
l two arcs.
Suppose = x,
b ∴ Area of circle with centre O is π × (2)2 = 4π cm2.
 1 41 Area of the shaded region
then x = 2 1 +  ⇒ x 2 − 2x − 2 = 0
 x
D C
l
⇒ x = 3+1= S R
b
36 Non-polished area = 4π (r)2
 πr2  P Q
Polished area = 4 ×  2 ×  = 4πr2
 2  A B

In the adjoining figure, one of the four = (Area of square PQRS − 4 × area of each quadrant of circles)
parts of the sphere is shown (To understand it properly,  1 
= (2)2 − 4 × π × (1)2 = (4 − π ) cm2
take an apple and cut it in the four parts one across  4 
horizontal and another cut make vertical to it then you will
notice that in a piece there are 2 semicircles.) Therefore, 42 Let each side of the square be a, then
required ratio = 1 : 1. D C
85 × 17 × 5.1
37 Number of cubes = = 1500
1.7 × 1.7 × 1.7
(1.7 is the HCF of 85, 17 and 5.1)
Area of each cube = 6 × (1.7 )2 A
E
B

∴ Area of all the 1500 cubes = 1500 × 6 × (1.7 ) 2

AE = AB − BE = (a − 17 )
= 26010 cm2

Page 57 of 277
510 QUANTUM CAT
∴ Area of triangle =
1
× AD × AE ⇒ b × b = 10000
2 ⇒ b = 100 m
1 ∴ Perimeter of Kaurav’s land = 4 × 100 = 400 m
= a × (a − 17 ) = 84
2 ∴ Expenses = 2 × 400 = ` 800
⇒ a2 − 17 a − 168 = 0 48 Ratio of height
⇒ a = 24 cm h1 9 3 9 cm
= =
∴ Area of square = (24)2 = 576 cm2 h2 12 4
12 cm
43 The solid with the least number of sides will have (3)3 27
∴ Ratio of volumes = =
maximum surface area. So, tetrahedron will have (4)3 64
maximum surface area. Notice that in a sphere there are
Hence, the volume of smaller cone
infinite number of sides with the least possible length. So,
the surface area of sphere will be the least. = 27 x
l (l + b) and the volume of larger (actual) cone = 64 x
44 =
b l ∴ the volume of frustum = 64 x − 27 x = 37 x
⇒ l = b (l + b) = lb + b2
2 64 x
…(A) ∴ Required ratio = = 64 : 37
37 x
⇒ l2 − b2 = lb …(i)
49 AB = 45 km, AC = 53 km
⇒ (l + b)(l − b) = lb …(ii)
(Since distance = speed × time)
(l + b) b
and = …(iii) C
l (l − b)
Therefore, statements (ii) and (iii) are true from
equation (A) A B
l2 bl + b2 ∴ BC = AC − AB 2
2
=
b2 b2
l2
l BC = (53)3 − (45)2
⇒ =1 +
b2 b or BC = 28 km
l l2 ∴ Area of field = AB × BC
⇒ = −1
b b2 = 45 × 28 = 1260 km2
Hence, statement (i) is wrong. 50
3
45 Area of triangle = × (2)2 = 3 cm2
4 A B 30 cm
Area of 3 circles enclosed by the triangle 60°
60 π
= 3 × π × (1)2 × = cm2 O
360 2 Fig. (i) Fig. (ii)
C D
∴ Area of shaded region ∠ AOB = 60°
π (2 3 − π ) AB = 8 3 cm
= 3− = cm2 M
2 2 OC = 30 cm 30 cm 60° B
46 Diameter of cube = 3 cm OM 30°
= tan 60° = 3
9×9×9 MB
∴ Number of cubes = O
3× 3× 3 OM = 3MB Fig. (iii)
= 27cubes OM = 12 cm
47 OM OC
b Now, =
MB CD
(Triangles OMB and OCD are similar)
l
∴ CD = 10 3 cm(which is the radius of cone)
l × b = 20000 1
l ∴ Volume of cone = πr2h
⇒ × b = 10000, Area of Kaurav’s land 3
2 1
For the given area, a square gives the minimum perimeter. = π × (10 3)2 × 30
3
l
∴ =b = 3000π cm3
2

Page 58 of 277
Mensuration 511
P
51 Surface area of one cube = 6a2 56 Consider the following Figure.
When 6 cubes are fixed on the 6 faces of a cube then only 5 Let RS = b and QS = h.
faces of a cube are visible of each cube. Since, the central Then, RQ 2 = 512 = b2 + h 2 …(i)
cube is completely covered. So, the only 6 cubes are visible Q
each with 5 faces. Hence, the total surface area of this solid and RP 2 = RS 2 + (PQ + QS )2
= 5a2 × 6. ⇒ 742 = b2 + (25 + h)2 …(ii)
h
5a × 6 5
2
Solving the above two equations we
∴ Required ratio = = ⇒ 5: 1 get h = 45 and b = 24.
6a2 1
Now, volume of cone (V1 ) when ∆ PRS R
52 Ratio of areas = (Ratio of diagonals) 2 b S
is rotated about PS
2
 3 9 1
=  = = × π × 242 × 70 = 13440 π cubic cm
 2 4 3
53 You should know that And volume of cone (V2 ) when ∆ QRS is rotated about QS
1
= × π × 242 × 45
E D 3
= 8640 π cubic cm
F C Therefore the required volume of the solid (V3 )
= V1 − V2 = 4800 π cubic cm
Hence, choice (b) is correct.
A B
57 Let 4a be the side of each square.
Area of ∆ BDF 1 Then the radius of the circle inscribed in the squares
= ABCD = 2a
Area of hexagon 2
So the area of this circle = π (2a)2 = 4 πa2
Actually there is a perfect symmetricity.
3 3
∴ Area of hexagon = × (6)2 = 54 3 cm2
2
∴ Area of ∆ BDF = 27 3 cm2
Alternatively Subtract the areas of three triangles
DEF , BAF , BCD from the area of hexagon. And the radius of each circle inscribed in the square PQRS
1 =a
Area of ∆ DEF = × 6 × 6 sin 120° = 9 3 cm2
2 So the total area of four circles = 4 × π (a)2 = 4 πa2
∴ Area of all the three triangles = 27 3 cm
Therefore, required area of ∆BDF = 54 3 − 27 3 It shows that the area occupied by the circle(s) in each
square is same. Therefore the required ratio = 1 : 1
= 27 3 cm2
Hence, choice (d) is correct.
Solutions (for Q. Nos. 54 and 55)
58 If 2a be the side of any square, the area of square would be
4x 4x 4x 4x x 4a2.
x
x And, the radius of the inscribed circle would be a, so the
4x x 4x area of the circle would be πa2.
x
Therefore the ratio of area of each circle to the area of
Total length of plot = 17x concerned square = π : 4
and total breadth of the plot = 4x Since the total area of all the smaller squares = total area of
∴ Area of plot = 17x × 4 x = 9792 the Original Square.
⇒ x = 12 Area of all the circles π
∴ =
∴ l = 17 × 12 = 204 m Area of original square 4
and b = 4 × 12 = 48 m Hence, choice (c) is correct.
4 x × 4 x 16 59 After you cut out any cube or cuboid from the corner of a
54 =
x×x 1 solid cube or cuboid, the surface area remains unchanged,
⇒ 16 : 1 which you can easily understand by looking at the diagram.
55 l = 204 m and b = 48 m So, the required area is 216 cubic ft.
Hence, choice (a) is correct.

Page 59 of 277
512 QUANTUM CAT
60 Since ∠DPC = 90°,
1
Area of ∆DPC = × DP × PC = 189 A P B
2
Now drop a perpendicular PQ from P on DC.
Then you can see that the area of
∆APD = ∆PQD and area of ∆PBC = ∆PQC. It means each side of the square inscribed by the circle is
Therefore, area of rectangle ABCD D Q C
2 5x
= = 10 x
= 2 × area of ∆ DPC = 378 mm2 2
Hence, choice (a) is the correct one. (2x )2 2
Therefore, the required ratio = =
Alternatively Area of rectangle ABCD = DC × BC ( 10 x )2
5
= DC × PQ Hence, choice (a) is the correct one.
= DP × PC Alternatively Look carefully at the following diagrams.
= 18 × 21 = 378 In the first diagram, the pertinent square covers 4 units of
smaller squares. In the second diagram, the pertinent
Hint In right angle triangle DPC,
square covers 10 units of smaller squares.
DC × PQ = DP × PC = area of ∆ DPC.
Hence, choice (a) is the correct one.
61 The shortest path that the ant will
follow to reach the farthest corner from
one particular corner is shown below in 12
the diagram.
Thus the required length
= (12)2 + (12)2 = 12 2 6 6 2
Therefore, the required ratio = 4 / 10 = .
Hence, choice (c) is the correct one. 5

62 Let the longer side be x and the shorter side be y, the 64 In ∆ABO , AB = OA 2 − OB 2 = 2
semiperimeter of the parallelogram would be x + y. Since AB = OB, so ∆ABO is an
x+ y isosceles triangle.
x x+ y x x Therefore, ∠BAO = ∠BOA = 45° B C
∴ = ⇒ = √2 O 1
y x y x √2 √3
In ∆OCD, 2 2
x
 y CD = OD 2 − OC 2 = 3 A D
1+  
x  x x y Since, the three sides of the triangle are in the ratio
⇒ = ⇒ =1 +
y 1 y x 1: 3 : 2, it implies that ∠CDO = 30° and ∠COD = 60°
x y Therefore, ∠AOD = 180 − (∠BOA + ∠COD ) = 75°
⇒ − −1 = 0
y x Now, area of the shaded region = area of ∆ABO + area of
1 x sector AOD + area of ∆OCD
⇒ k − −1 = 0 (assuming = k) 1
k y Area of ∆ABO = × 2 × 2 = 1sq cm
2
⇒ k2 − k − 1 = 0 75 5π
Area of sector AOD = π (2)2 × = sq cm
1+ 5 x 1+ 5 360 6
⇒ k= ⇒ =
2 y 2 1 3
Area of ∆OCD = × 1 × 3 = sq cm
∴ y = 2 cm ∴ x = 1 + 5 cm. 2 2
But you know that the maximum area can be obtained only 5π 3
Therefore, the required shaded area = 1 + + sq cm.
when parallelogram is a rectangle. Therefore, area of the 6 2
rectangle = x × y = (1 + 5) × 2 = 2 (1 + 5) Hence, choice (d) is the correct one.
Hence, choice (b) is the correct one. 65 Since area of the circle = 1
63 Let each side of the square inscribed by the semicircle is 2x, ∴ πr2 = 1 ⇒ r = 1 / π
then the radius of semicircle would be 5x.
It means the diameter of the circle would be 2 5x. ∴ Each side of hexagon =2/ π
2
It means the diagonal of the square inscribed by the circle is 3 3 2 6 3
∴ Area of the hexagon =   = sq cm.
2 5x. 2  π π
Hence, choice (c) is the correct one.

Page 60 of 277
Mensuration 513

πa2 1 (a − 2)
66 Area of the semicircle with a as its diameter = So, we have EP = FP = (EF ) =
4 2 2
πb2 Therefore, total area of roads (shaded region)
Area of the semicircle with b as its diameter =
4 = 4 (area of EPSG) + 4 (area of ∆AEG) + (area of PQRS)
πc2
Area of the semicircle with c as its diameter =  (a − 2)
= 4 G
4  + (1) + (1) = 2( 2 a − 1) A H D
ab  2 
Area of right triangle = E
S
2 And, the area of the square = a2
Therefore area of the shaded region P R
But, it is given that a2 = 2[ 2( 2 a − 1)]
 πa2 πb2 ab πc2 π 2 ab F
= + +  − = (a + b2 − c2 ) + ⇒ a2 − 4 2 a + 4 = 0 Q
 4 4 2 4 4 2 B C
⇒ a= 2 2+ 2
π 2 ab ab Please note that the other value of a = (2 2 − 2) < 1. Since
= (c − c2 ) + =
4 2 2 the length of the square cannot be less than the breadth of
Hence, choice (a) is the correct one. the road, so it is an inadmissible value.
67 Let r be the circumradius of the circumcircle and O be the Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
centre of the circle, where CD is the perpendicular bisector 69 Point F is the centre of the semicircle. Now connect the
of AB, as ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle. points as shown in the diagram. Now, you see that there
Therefore, AD = BD = 8 are four equilateral triangles of same height.
Now, since AO = OC = r C
Therefore, OD = 16 − r
C
D E

A B A B
D F

Now, we have AO 2 = AD 2 + OD 2 Therefore, AF = DF = EF = BF = 1cm = radius of circle.

2
⇒ r2 = 82 + (16 − r)2 ⇒ r = 10 cm Area of shaded region = Area of semicircle – area of
3
∴Area of circle = 100 π cm2 quadrilateral ADEB
Hence, choice (c) is the correct one. 2  1   3 
=  π × 1 −  3 × × 1 
68 Let the length of each side of the square be a unit and the 
3 2   4 
breadth of the road 1 unit. π 3
1 1 = −  cm2
Then, we have AE = AG = (EG ) = 3 2
2 2
There fore, EF = AB − ( AE + BF ) = a − 2 Hence, choice (b) is correct.

Level 02 Higher Level Exercise

1 2πr = a  4π 2 − 1 
h 2 = a2  2 
a  4π 
a
∴ h= 4π 2 − 1
a a a a 2π

1 2 1 a2 a
a ∴ Volume = πr h = π × × 4π 2 − 1
Also, slant height (l) = a ∴ r= 3 3 4π 2 2π
2π a3
= 4π 2 − 1
2 Q l2 = h 2 + r2 24π 2
2
 a
⇒ h 2 = l2 − r2 = a2 −  
 2π 

Page 61 of 277
514 QUANTUM CAT
3 It will be in the form of a right angled triangle. and area of sector COD (figure ii)
πr 120
πr = πr2
90° 90° 360
2
 a 1 πa2
=π×  × =
a a  3 3 9

∴ Area of segment = (Area of sector − Area of triangle)

4 2πr (r + h) = 1540 cm2 πa2 a2

= −
9 4 3
and (r + h) = 35 cm
∴ 2πr =
1540
= 44 cm  πa2 a2 
35 Total area of all the four segments = 4  − 
 9 4 3
1
5 Total volume = πr2h1 + πr2h2  πa2 a2 
3 16 cm and the total area of whole figure = a2 + 4  − 
2  h   9 4 3
= πr h1 + 2
 3 
80 cm
7 2 (l + b) = 26 ⇒ l + b = 13
22  16 
= × (21)2 80 + 12 + 1 = 13 11 + 2 = 13
7  3 
10 + 3 = 13 9 + 4 = 13
22 256 21 cm
=
× 441 × 8 + 5 = 13 7 + 6 = 13
7 3
22 256 8.45 Since, l > b, therefore, there are only 6 integral values of the
Weight = × 441 × × = 999.39 kg length viz., 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12.
7 3 1000
6 ABCD is a square, each side of square is ‘a’. 8 Total surface area = 2πR 2 + 2πr2 + (πR 2 − πr2 )
= 3πR 2 + πr2 r
D C R
= π (3R 2 + r2 )
2
⇒ 1436 = π [ 3 × (12)2 + r2]
7
A B
10054 1
⇒ × = 432 + r2 ⇒ r = 5 cm
Fig. (i) 7 π
In figure (ii), ∠ DOC = 120° 2
∴ Internal volume of hemisphere = π (R 3 − r3 )
and ∠ ODC = ∠ OCD = 30° 3
2
= π [(12)3 − (5)3]
D P C 3
D a C
90° 30° 2
= 3358 cm3
3
60° 9 Since, there are 3 faces which are visible in a corner
120°
cube. When the cube of a corner is removed then the 3
O
O faces of other cubes will be visible from outside. So,
Fig. (ii) Fig. (iii) there will not be any change in the surface area of this solid
In figure (iii), figure.
PC
= sin 60° 1
OC
a/ 2 3 a 2
= ⇒ OC = 3
OC 2 3
⇒ radius of the arc ‘CD ’. 3
4  15
1 π 
∴ Area of triangle OCD = × CD × OP 3  2
2 10 Number of spheres = 2
= 125 spheres
4  3
2 π 
=
1
×a×
a
=
a 3  2
2 2 3 4 3 2
 15
Surface area of a large sphere = 4π ×  
 OP 1  2
Q = tan 30° and tan 30° = 
 PC 3

Page 62 of 277
Mensuration 515

2 and area of lawn = 10 × 8 = 80 m2

 3
and surface area of a small sphere = 4π   Reduced area of lawn = 8 × 8 = 64 m2
 2
∴ New area of path = 88 + (80 − 64) = 104 m2
and total surface area of all the smaller spheres 104 13
∴ Ratio of areas of path = =
2 88 11
 3
= 125 × 4π   Hence, option (c) is correct.
 2
Alternatively Let the breadth of the lawn be ‘ b’ then
% change in area the length will be (b + 2).
  3
2
 15
2  ∴ Area of path = (l + 4)(b + 4) − lb
 500π   − 4π  
 2  2 
= (b + 6)(b + 4) − (b + 2) b = 8b + 24
= × 100 = 400%
  15
2
 and the new area of path = (l + 4)(b + 4) − b × b
 4π   
  2  = (b + 6)(b + 4) − b2
Alternatively Surface area of larger sphere = 25x
= 10b + 24
(10b + 24) 13
Surface area of smaller sphere = x Q = ⇒ b = 8 m ∴ l = 10 m
(8b + 24) 11
Q The ratio of radii is 5 : 1.
14 From the figure you can see that just half of the liquid has
Therefore, ratio in surface areas = 25 : 1
been flown off and half the liquid is remained in the
Now, since there are 125 smaller spheres. cylindrical jar.
∴ Total surface area of smaller spheres = 125x
125x − 25x
∴ % change in area = × 100 = 400%
25x
11 Let the radius of cone be R and radius of sector = r, K K

2πR Thus it is clear that the capacity (or volume) of the cylinder
= 2 × 2.1 = 4.2 L
15 When the height and base of the cone are same as that of
1
cylinder, then the volume of cone is that of the cylinder.
3
l r ⇒l=r 1
60° Thus the capacity of cone = × 4.2 = 1.4 l
3
Thus the remaining volume = 2.1 − 1.4 = 0.7 l
0.7 1
∴ The required ratio = =
then the slant height of cone (l) = r 4.2 6
60 D C
and 2πR = 2πr × 16 AC = (30)2 + (16)2
360
r 14 7 AC = 34 m 16 m
⇒ R= = = cm
6 6 3 But since elephant is itself 4 m
A B
long. So he has to travel only 30 m
∴ Total surface area = πr (l + r)
(34 − 4) = 30 m.
22 7  7
= × 14 +  = 119.78 cm2 30
7 3 3 ∴ the speed of elephant = = 2 m/s
15
12 Between 26 poles, total length is (26 − 1) × 4 = 100 m 2πr 60 2πr
17 Arc of sector = =
It means the length of each side of a square field is 100 m. 360 6
∴ Area of field = (100)2 = 10, 000 m2 = 1 hectare
13 It is clear that length of the lawn is 2 m more than the
breadth of lawn.
To solve this problem quickly, go through options. Let us r l
take option (c). 60°
l = 10 m ⇒ b = 8 m
Area of path = (l + b + 2w ) 2w This arc of sector will be equal to the perimeter of cone. Let
= (10 + 8 + 4) 4 = 88 m2 2πr r
the radius of cone be R, then 2πR = ⇒ R=
6 6

Page 63 of 277
516 QUANTUM CAT
Further the radius of sector will be equal to the slant height ∴ (l − b)2 = l2 + b2 − 2lb = 20 − 16 or (l − b)2 = 4
of cone. ⇒ l−b=2
∴ l=r Q l + b = 6 and l − b = 2
Now, since l2 = h 2 + R 2 ⇒ h = l2 − R 2 ∴ l = 4 and b = 2
2
 r 35 ∴ Area of rectangle = 4 × 2 = 8 cm2
h = r2 −   = r
 6 6 ∴ Total area of the figure = 8 + 10 3
18 The diagonal of cube will be equal to the diameter of = 2 (4 + 5 3) cm2
sphere.
4  d πd 3
3 21 Area of each square = 16 cm2
∴ Volume of sphere = π  = 1
3  2 6 Area of quadrant ADMB = π × (4)2 = 4π
d 4
and each side of cube = a = and radius of smaller quadrant
3
d3 CPMQ = CM = AC − MA
∴ Volume of cube = a3 =
3 3 = 4 2 − 4 = 4 ( 2 − 1)
1
πd 3 d3 d3  π 1 ∴ Area of smaller quadrant = π [ 4 ( 2 − 1)]2
∴ Remaining volume = − =  −  4
6 3 3 3 2 3
= 4π (3 − 2 2)
19 Let AP = x, then AM = x and MS = x
Area of shaded region inside the square ABCD
S R
= 16 − [ 4π + 4π (3 − 2 2)]

M N = 16 − [ 4π (1 + 3 − 2 2)]
= 16 − [ 4π (4 − 2 2)]
A P Q B = 8 [ 2 − 2π + 2π ]
Now, area of quadrants = AEG + EFG = 2AEG
∴ AS = AM + MS 1
AS = 2x
S = 2 × π (4)2 = 8π
4
∴ PS = AS − AP
2 2
∴ Area of shaded region inside the square EAGF
PS = 3x 2x = 8π − 16 = 8 (π − 2)
M
∴ Area of square 8 (2 − 2π + 2π )
∴ Required ratio =
PQRS = ( 3x )2 = 3x 2 8 (π − 2)
Area of circle = πr2 = π × x 2 = πx 2 A x P [ 2 + π ( 2 − 2)]
=
Area of both the circles = 2πx 2 (π − 2)
2πx 2 2π
∴ Required ratio = = 22 Given that
AB AD
=
3x 2 3 BC DF
20 Let the length of rectangle be ‘ l’ and Also BE = BC
breadth be ‘ b’, then D C
Q
Let AD = 1 and AE = x
2 (l + b) = 12 S
AE AE AE
⇒ l + b = 6 cm
A B ∴ = = =x
EF AD BC
and area of larger equilateral triangle
AE AD Q AD = BC = BE 
3 2 ∴ =  
= l EF AB  and AB = AE − BE 
4
x 1
3 2 =
Similarly area of smaller equilateral triangle = b 1 x −1
4
∴ Total area of all the 4 triangles (1 ± 5)
⇒ x2 − x − 1 = 0 ⇒ x =
3 2 2
= 2× (l + b2 ) = 10 3
4 (1 + 5)
∴ x=
⇒ l2 + b2 = 20 2
∴ (l + b)2 = l2 + b2 + 2lb Since ratio of two sides can never be negative.
⇒ 36 = 20 + 2lb Alternatively Since ratio of two side can never be
negative therefore only option (c) is correct.
⇒ lb = 8

Page 64 of 277
Mensuration 517

Solutions (for Q. Nos. 23 to 25) Let DP = a, then

DC = DP + PQ + QC  Q DP = QC 
AB = 4 D C  and DP = PG = GQ = QC 
=a+ a 2+ a  
4 2 ∠ G = 90°
∴ AO = AC = =2 2 DC = a (2 + 2)  
2 42
2 O 2
∴ Area of  ∴ PQ = 2a 
∴ Area of circle  
4 1 a 2
 
ABCD = π × (2 × 2)2 = 8π A B ∆PGQ = × a × a =
2 2
Area of region 2 (only left part)
∴ Area of all the triangles outside the square ABCD
Area of circle – Area of square
= a2
4 =4× = 2a2
8π − 16 2
D
= = (2π − 4) C
But DC = a (2 + 2) = 4 cm
4 3
4
Area of region 3 = Area of square ⇒ a=
(2 + 2)
− 2 (Area of semicircle) 3 2
1  A B  4 
= 16 − 2  × π × 4 ∴ 2 (a)2 = 2 ×  
2   2 + 2
= 16 − 4π = 4 (4 − π ) cm2 16 (3 − 2 2)
= × = 16 (3 − 2 2)
Area of region 1 = Area of semicircle AD D (3 + 2 2) (3 − 2 2)
− Area of region 2 and Area of square = 16 cm
1 ∴ Total area of the figure = 16 + 16 (3 − 2 2)
= π × (2) − (2π − 4) = 4 cm2
2
2 A = 16 (4 − 2 2)
23 Total area of region 1 = 2 × 4 = 8 cm2 = 32 (2 − 2) cm2
24 Total area of region 2 = 2 × (2π − 4) = 4 (π − 2) cm2 28 When l = CD, then the volume of cone will be maximum,
25 Total area of region 3 = 4 (4 − π ) cm2 where l is the slant height of the cone and the largest
D C possible angle at the vertex of cone is 90°.
26 Total area of square = 64 cm 2

y x A A
∴ 4 ( x + y ) = 64 x
⇒ x + y = 16 …(i) y y 20 cm P
Again in a semicircle O
xx y xx 16 cm D D
1
AOB = x + y + x = π × (4) 2
A B 9.6
2
2x + y = 8π …(ii) B B
C 12 cm C 9.6 Q
From eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
x = 8π − 16 12 × 16
CD = = 9.6 cm,
Total area of shaded region = 4 (8π − 16) 20
= 32 (π − 2) cm2 which is the radius of the sector.
Alternatively Area of square − 2 (Area of semicircles) Therefore, arc of the sector
= 2y = 2π × 9.6 ×
90
= 4.8π
(64 − 16π ) = 2y 360
∴ 4 y = (128 − 32π ) Let the radius of the cone be r, then
∴ Required area of shaded region 2πr = arc of the sector
(4 x ) = (Area of square − 4 y) 2πr = 4.8π
= 64 − (128 − 32π ) r = 2.4
= 32π − 64 = 32 (π − 2) cm2 ∴ Height of the cone (h) = l2 − r2
27 You can see in the figure that the sides of one square is = (9.6)2 − (2.4)2 = 2.4 15 cm
parallel to the diagonals of the other square. 1 2
G ∴ Volume of the cone = πr h
3
D C
P Q 1 22
= × × (2.4)2 × 2.4 15
H F 3 7
= 56.1 cm3
A B
E

Page 65 of 277
518 QUANTUM CAT
29 To increase the value (or price of diamond) they should cut 36 Volume of the whole body
(divide) the diamond in such a way that the surface area 1 2 h1
V1 = πr1 h1 + πr12h2
will be maximum. 3 r1
h1 2
but =
h2 3 h2
11h1 h3
∴ V1 = πr12
a 6
2 5h 2r2
a and h3 = (h1 + h2 ) = 1
3 3
a Hence, volume of the hole (V2 ) = πr22h3
Thus, when four parts are parallel to each other. 5
= πr22h1
In this way total surface area 3
= 6a2 + 2a2 + 2a2 + 2a2 = 12a2 V1 − V2
But it is given that V2 =
3
Actual surface area of cubical diamond = 6a2
∴ V1 = 4V2
Therefore, percentage increase in area
5 2 11
12a2 − 6a2 ⇒ 4× πr2 h1 = πr12 × h1
= × 100 = 100% 3 6
6a2
Remember that for the given volume, minimum surface 55
⇒ r2 = cm
area is possessed by a cube. So to maximize the area we 8
have to increase the maximum possible difference between
the edges of cuboid. 37 19 × 19 = 361
Thus, we make equal 19 measurements each of 19°, then
30 Side of square I = a
we get (361 − 360) = 1° angle at the centre. Thus, moving
a
Side of square II = continuously in the similar fashion, we can get all the 360°
2
angle i . e. , 360 equal sectors of 1°.
a
Side of square III = 38 When we open the paper after cutting it,
2
a we will find it as shown in the following
Side of square IV =
2 2 figure.
a Radius of the larger circle = 5 cm
Side of square V =
4 ∴ Area of larger circle = 25π
Therefore, sum of perimeters of all the squares and the radius of each smaller circle is 1 cm.
 a a a a
= 4 a + + + +  Therefore, total area of all the 9 circles = 9 × π × (1)2 = 9π
 2 2 2 2 4
∴ Remaining area = (25 − 9) π = 16π
 1 1 1 1
= 4a 1 + + + +  Hence, the required ratio = 25 : 16
 2 2 2 2 4
4 + 2 2 + 2+ 39 In the top layer we can see that total
2 + 1 D C
= 4a   = a (7 + 3 2) 13 cubes get a cut. So, in 7 layers total
 4  13 × 7 = 91 cubes will get a cut and
the remaining (7 3 − 91) = 252 cubes
31 Total area of the five squares
2 2 2 2 are without any cut.
 a  a  a   a Total number of pieces which are not A B
= a2 +   +   +   + 
 2  2  2 2  4 a cube
 1 1 1 1 = 12 × 2 × 7 + 4 × 7 = 196
= a2 1 + + + +
 2 4 8 16 
16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1  31 31a2 (Since 84 cubes are diagonally cut into two parts and 7
= a2 = a2 × =
 16  16 16 cubes which are in the centre are divided into 4 parts.)
Thus, total 196 children and teenagers will get one-one
32 (n − 2)3 piece and 252 adults get one-one piece.
33 6 (n − 2)2 Thus total 252 + 196 = 448 people can get a piece of cake.
34 12 (n − 2) NOTE It is clear that everyone get equal number of pieces
35 There are 8 cubes at the corners, which are always fix. but not according to the volume of pieces.

Page 66 of 277
Mensuration 519
2
Solutions (for Q. Nos. 40 to 42) Diameter ( 2R ) of the   3 
outermost circle is equal to the diagonal of larger square.   R 
Area of inner circle π  2   3
2R 44 = =
Hence, the side of square = = 2R Area of outer circle π (R )2 4
2
Again the side of larger square is equal to the diameter of 45 Each side of the first hexagon = R
middle most circle. 3
R Each side of the second hexagon = R
Hence, the radius of mid-circle is . 2
2 3
Each side of the third hexagon = R
Once again the diameter of the mid-circle is equal to 4
the diagonal of smaller square. Hence, side of the smaller 3 3
Each side of the fourth hexagon = R
square = R. Similarly the diameter of innermost circle is equal 8
to the side of the smaller square. R 8
∴ Required ratio = =
R 3 3 3 3
Hence, radius of the innermost circle = . R
2 8
R
40 46 From the concept of similarity of triangles. All the five
2 quadrilaterals viz., AOA′, BOB′ , COC ′ , DOD′ and EOE′ are
41 Area of larger square = ( 2R )2 = 2R 2 similar.
and area of smaller square = R 2 From the figure (ii),
r2 − r1 r3 − r2
∴ Total area of both squares = 3R 2 =
r2 + r1 r3 + r2
 R R
r −r r −r
42 Sum of all the circumferences = 2π  R + + 
 2 2 = 4 3 = 5 4 =K
r4 + r3 r5 + r4
 2 + 2 + 1
= 2πR  
 2  90°
E 90° E'
= (3 + 2) πR D'
D
Sum of perimeters of all the squares = 4 ( 2R + R )
C C'
= 4R ( 2 + 1)
B B'
(3 + 2) πR (3 + 2) π
∴ Required ratio = = A A'
( 2 + 1) 4R ( 2 + 1) 4
Alternatively Since circumference and perimeter both
has R. So R will be cancelled in the ratio of circumference O
Fig. (i)
to the perimeter. Thus, neither of the choices a, b and c are
admissible. Hence, the only correct choice is (d). r2 r3 r4 r5
⇒ = = = =K
r1 r2 r3 r4
Solutions (for Q. Nos. 43 to 45) Each side of outer (larger)
(By componendo and dividendo)
hexagon is equal to the radius of circle which is R.
Now, OC = ON = OD O
C
radii of the inner (smaller) circle B
ON 3 A
But = sin 60° = M
OA 2 C D r1 r2 r3
3 3 O
⇒ ON = OA = R , radius of the A B P Q R
2 2 N Fig. (ii)
inner circle
It means all the radii are in GP.
and this is also equal to the side of the inner hexagon. 4
r 81  3
3 Therefore, 5 = (K )4 = = 
43 Sum of perimeters of both the hexagons = 6R + 6 × R r1 16  2
2 3
 3 ⇒ K= ∴ r3 = r1 (K )2
= 6R 1 +  2
 2 9 9r 9
r3 = r1 × = 1 = × 16 = 36 cm
= 3 (2 + 3)R 4 4 4

Page 67 of 277
520 QUANTUM CAT
47 Q r1 = 16, r2 = 24, r3 = 36, … etc. Area of region y = Area of square − 4 (area of quadrant)
OP OQ 1 
∴ = = 4 − 4  π × (1)2 = (4 − π )
AP BQ 4 
∴ Required area (of shaded region)
h + r1 h + 2r1 + r2 h + 16 h + 56
= ⇒ = = Area of square − [Area of region x + Area of region y]
r1 r2 16 24
= 4 − [ 4 − π + 4 − π ] = 2π − 4
⇒ h = 64 cm
51 Let the volume of solid block be V and radius of the spheres
48 60 = 1 × 1 × 60
formed from the first block be r1, then the volume of each
= 1 × 2 × 30
sphere be V1.
= 1 × 3 × 20
Similarly, let the radius of each sphere obtained from
= 1 × 4 × 15
second block be r2 (= 2r1 ), then the volume of each sphere
= 1 × 5 × 12
= 1 × 6 × 10 be
= 2 × 2 × 15 V2 = (8V1 )
= 2 × 3 × 10 ∴ V = kV1 + 14 …(i)
… … … and V = lV2 + 36
… … … or V = 8lV1 + 36 …(ii)
= 3× 4 × 5
Out of the given different combinations the first From eqs. (i) and (ii),
combination (1 × 1 × 60) gives maximum length of kV1 + 14 = 8lV1 + 36
diagonal of cuboid, but in this case two of the edges are
same. So, the second combination gives the proper value ⇒ V1 (k − 8l) = 22
i . e. , which gives the maximum length of diagonal whose all The possible value of V1 = 22, 11, 2 or 1
sides are different. Hence, the length of such a pencil is
But V1 can never be equal to or less than 14 (since
equal to the diagonal of cuboid = 12 + 22 + 302 = 905
remainder is always less than divisior) So, the only possible
49 value of V1 = 22.
∴ V2 = 8 × V1 = 176 cm3
O O
52 The length of tether of the horse is 80 m.
A B A P B S
Q
C D C D 40
Fig. (i) Fig. (ii)
R 40
D
In figure (ii) C
80
3 Q
OP = OA = 4 3 cm 40
2
30
OP OA 4 3 8 90°
Again = , = (OQ = OP + PQ = 4 3 + 2 3) P
30 50
OQ OC 6 3 OC A B
80
⇒ OC = 12 cm
∴ Each side of the outer hexagon is 12 cm.
∴ Required area = (Area of outer hexagon
− Area of inner hexagon)
3 3
= [12 − 8 ] = 120 3 cm2
2 2
2
50 Area of region x = Area of square − Area of inscribed circle
Area grazed by horse
= (4 − π )
 270 90 90 
x x x x = π × (80)2 × + π × (30)2 × + π × (40)2 ×
 360 360 360 
 3 1 1
y y = π  6400 × + 900 × + 1600 × 
 4 4 4
x x x x  21700 
=π = 5425π m2
 4 
Fig. (i) Fig. (ii) Fig. (iii)

Page 68 of 277
Mensuration 521

Hint When horse is tethered at B, then he can move freely 270° i . e. , 4

from P to S with the full length of his tether as the radius of the arc = π (7 )3 [125 − 8]
3
PS. Again when horse reaches P and tries to move further in the
4
right direction i . e. , towards D, his tether gets fixed at A and now = π × 343 × 117
only 30 m tether is free which works as a radius of the quadrant 3
PAQ. Similarly when horse reaches S and tries to move left further in 4
the direction of D, due to wall BC his tether gets fixed at C and now π × 343 × 117
only 40 m tether is free to move further. At this moment point C Required time to explode = 3 = 1078 s
156
behaves like a fixed point of tether (as centre of quadrant RSC).
NOTE You can tether horse at any of the four corners 57 Let the each side of cube be a, then
A , B , C and D area grazed by horse remains same. CD = 2a
a
53 Here each side is broken up into 6 parts i . e. , n = 6 ∴ CQ =
2
Now, N 0 = (n − 2) = (4) = 64
3 3
Let the radius of cone be r and height be h, then
N1 = 6 (n − 2)2 = 6 × (4)2 = 96 r=h 2
N 2 = 12 (n − 2) = 12 (4) = 48 ∴ In ∆ APO and ∆ CQO (Similar triangles)
∴ N 0 : N1 : N 2 = 64 : 96 : 98 = 4 : 6 : 3 a
AP CQ r 2
54 Let the radius of seed be r and radius of = = =
PO OQ h (h − a)
the whole fruit (pulp + seed) be R, then
thickness of the pulp = (R − r) a
r
4 2 = 2
Volume of mango fruit = πR 3 ⇒ A B
3 (h − a) P
4 R
and Volume of pulp = π (R 3 − r3 ) ⇒ a = 2 (h − a)
C D
3 3a Q
⇒ h=
4  2  
3
but = π R 3 −  R   2
3  7  3a 3a
 ∴ r= × 2 and h =
 r 2 2  2 2 O
Q R − r = 5 ⇒ r = 7 R  1  3a 2 3a
2
  ∴ Volume of cone = π ×   ×
∴ Percentage of volume of pulp to the total volume of fruit 3  2  2
4  8  9 3
πR 3 1 − = aπ
3  343 4
=
4
πR 3 and Volume of cube = a3
3 9 3
335 πa
= × 100 = 97.66% 9
∴ Required ratio = 4 3 = π = 2.25π
343 a 4
55 Let the radius of each smaller circle is D C 58 For the given volume, cube has minimum possible length of
r and radius of the larger circle is R, R diagonal.
then Therefore each side of cube = 4 cm
O
πR 2 = 4πr2 ⇒ R = 2r and its diagonal = 4 3 cm.
P
OR = OP = R + r = 3r l
59 l = 2πr ⇒ r =
Also PM = r A M B 2π
(PM is the perpendicular on AB)
∴ AP = 2r
b
∴ AO = AP + PO
= r 2 + 3r = r (3 + 2) l
∴ AC = 2AO = 2r (3 + 2), which is the diagonal of square
where r is the base radius of cylinder and l is the length of
2r (3 + 2) paper and h = b, where h is the height of cylinder and b is
∴ Required ratio = = (2 + 3 2)
2r the breadth of the paper.
2
56 Initial radius = 14 cm  l 
∴ Volume of cylinder = πr2h = π ×   × b
 2π 
Radius at a time when the balloon explodes = 35 cm
4 π × l2b 385
Change in volume = π [(35)3 − (14)3] ⇒ = 48.125 =
3 4π 2
8
⇒ l2b = 11 × 11 × 5

Page 69 of 277
522 QUANTUM CAT
⇒ l = 11 and b = 5 (Q l > b) ∴ Width of the sheet = AK + MC + CT
∴ Volume of the box = l × b × 4 = 1 + 3 + 1 = (2 + 3) ft
= 10 × 4 × 0.5 = 20 cm3
w or

Fig (i) Fig (ii)

K L
4 4 cm x M x B
A

cm
A M B

5
10 10 cm

0.
2x
C
Height of cone C
60 Vertical spacing between any two turns = T
Number of turns Fig. (iii) Fig. (iv)
h
= 64 Recall that for a given perimeter the polygon of minimum
n number of sides has minimum area and the polygon of
h maximum number of sides has maximum area. So, the
61 Number of turns =
x correct relation is h > s > r.
Length of string in each turn Thus, hexagon (6 sides) has maximum area.
4 Now, between square and rhombus, square has greater area
= 2πr = 2π ×= 8 cm
π than rhombus. For easier understanding consider some
∴ Total length of string in all the values.
x
n turns x 5
h 8h x
= ×8= cm x h
x x x 5 5 4 5
62 Total length of string = 8n cm x
Since, total length of string 5 3 2
= number of turns × perimeter of cylinder Area = 25 cm2 Area = base × height
= 8 × n = 8n cm
= 5 × 4 = 20 cm2
Alternatively
D a D a C a
D C

a a a a
h
C a
a
θ
A a B A B
8n a
Length of string required for 1 turn (or round) = = 2n Square Rhombus
4
 a
2 In rhombus ABCD: Area of rhombus = a × h
but 2n =   + (4a)2 h 
 4 = a × a sin θ  = sin θ
a 
a/4 = a sin θ
2
1 4 4 2 4 4 3

a/4 As you know the maximum value of sin θ is 1 at θ = 90° but

a a at θ = 90° rhombus will become a square. So except θ = 90°
a/4
for all the rest values the area of rhombus will be less than
a/4 the area of square.
a a a a
65 C
4a C
8n
⇒ a= 60°
m
1c

257 P a Q
where a is the side of cube.
a
10
63 From the sheet of 10 ft long, maximum = 5 circular discs 60° 60°
2 A B A a B
M N
can be cut along the length of the iron sheet. Fig. (i) Fig. (ii)
CM = AC 2 − AM 2 = 4 x 2 − x 2 PCQ is also an equilateral triangle
CM = x 3 = 3 ft (Since x = 1 ft) ∴ PC = PQ = PM = a

Page 70 of 277
Mensuration 523

∴
a
=
3
⇒ PA =
2a 8r2 − 2πr2 2r2 (4 − π ) 1
∴ Required ratio = = =
PA 2 3 6 πr 2 6r2 π 11
2a
∴ AC = AP + PC = + a = 1 cm 67 Short cut: Very quickly check the options. If all the
3
options have values.
3
⇒ a= = 3 (2 − 3) Alternatively The required capacity of box is 864 m3 .
(2 + 3)
C Let the length of the base be l and height of the box is ‘ h’,
Now, in figure (iii) then
PM = MT = a 864
Let the each side of square RSYX 864 = l2h ⇒ h = 2
l
be K, then RT = K also (since P
T
Q
RTS is an equilateral triangle) S
Now, surface area of the box A = l2 + 4lh
R
4l × 864
A B = l2 +
∴
K
=
3 M X Y N l2
RM 2 Fig. (iii) 3456
= l2 +
2K l
∴ RM =
3 Differentiating w.r. to l, we get
2K dA 3456
∴ MT = RT + RM = K + = 2l − 2
3 dl l
( 3 + 2) dA
MT = K For the minimum area = =0
3 dl
But MT = a 3456
∴ 2l = 2
 3 + 2 l
∴ a=  K
 3  ⇒ l3 = 1728
3a ⇒ l = 12
∴ K=
( 3 + 2) ∴ Base area = (12)2 = 144 m2
But a = 3 (2 − 3) 864
and Height = =6m
3 l2
∴ K= [ 3 (2 − 3)]
( 3 + 2) 68 Let the initial radius be r and volume be V, then
3 (2 − 3) (2 − 3) V = πr 2 × 4
K= ×
(2 + 3) (2 − 3) Ist case: V1 = π (r + 12)2 × 4
3 (2 − 3) 2
IInd case: V2 = πr2 × (4 + 12)
⇒ K= = 3 (7 − 4 3)
1 But V1 = V + K
∴ Area of square RSYX = K 2 = [ 3 (7 − 4 3)]2 and V2 = V + K
K 2 = 9 (49 + 48 − 56 3) ∴ V1 = V2
⇒ π (r + 12)2 × 4 = πr2 (16)
K 2 = (873 − 504 3) cm2
⇒ r = 12 ft
66 For the minimum wastage of sheet he has to cut the sheet
∴ Increased volume = V1 = V2
in the given manner.
= π × (24)2 × 4 = 2304π cubic ft
2r 2πr 2r
69 Let us denote the distinct regions of the square by x , y and p
2r as shown in the following figure.
r r
r y
x x
Total area of sheet required
y p y
(2πr + 4r) × 2r = 4r2 (π + 2)
Area of sheet utilised = (2πr × 2r) + 2 (πr2 ) = 6πr2
x x
Area of wastage sheet = 4r2 (π + 2) − 6πr2 y

= 8r2 − 2πr2

Page 71 of 277
524 QUANTUM CAT
Now, from this figure we have It implies that ∠ MDC = 30° and ∠ MCD = 60°, since
4x + 4y + p = 1 (i) ∠ CMD = 90°
π Therefore ∠ NCD = 120°.
And, x + 2y =1−
4 So the length of arc ND
⇒ 4 ( x + 2y ) = 4 − π (ii) = 2 π × 6370 ×
120
= 13346. 67 km
π 360
But, it is given that p = − 3 + 1 (iii) Hence, choice (c) is correct.
3
Now, substituting the values from eqs. (i) and (iii) in the 72 Case 1: When the radius of each circle is same, then in
equation (ii), we get this case radius of each circle would be 49/4 and the total
4x + 8y = 4 − π area of both the circles would be 2π (49 / 4 )2 ≈ 300 π
⇒ (4 x + 4 y ) + 4 y = 4 − π Case 2: When there is one circle of the largest possible
2π
⇒ 4y = 4 − 3 − size and another circle is fitted in the remaining area.
3
Hence, choice (a) is correct. A B

70 Let each side of the square at the corner be x cm and each

side of the base of the cuboid be b cm, then O
x + b + x = 24 Q P
⇒ b = 24 − 2x
C M N D
Therefore, each side of the base of the cuboid, which is
b = (24 − 2x ) cm Let the radius of larger circle be R and that of smaller circle
be r.
Consequently, the height of the cuboid is h = x cm
Then, OM = R = 16
Therefore, volume of the cuboid = ( x )(24 − 2x )(24 − 2x )
and QM = PN = r.
= 2 (2x )(12 − x )(12 − x )
Therefore, OQ = OM − QM = 16 − r
x And OP = R + r = 16 + r
Similarly,
PQ = MN = 49 − (CM + ND ) = 49 − (16 + r) = 33 − r
b
Now, OP 2 = OQ 2 + PQ 2
⇒ (16 + r)2 = (16 − r)2 + (33 − r)2
x ⇒ r2 − 130r + 1089 = 0
⇒ r = 9 or 121
We know that b + 2x = 24, is constant.
Since, 121 is greater than 16, so it’s unacceptable.
We also know that if p1 + p2 + p3 + ..... + pn = some Therefore r = 9. Thus, the total area of the two circles
constant, then p1 ⋅ p2 ⋅ p3..... pn will be maximum when = π (162 + 92 ) = 337 π
p1 = p2 = p3 = . . . . = pn. As in case 2, the total arc is more than that in case 1, so
Accordingly, 2x + (12 − x ) + (12 − x ) = 24 is a constant, 337 π is max. possible area.
therefore, the volume of cuboid will be maximum when Hence, choice (a) is the correct one.
2x = (12 − x ) = (12 − x )
It implies that x = 4 73 Since, area of square field = 54 m2,

So the volume of the cuboid will be maximum when so each side of the square A B
M
x = 4 cm. = 3 6 m and
Hence, choice (d) is correct. diagonal of the square
71 The man has to reach D from N. Let N
=6 3m Consider the
M is the centre of the latitude where following diagram, now.
P
the man is supposed to reach and MD MB = BN = CN = CM = 6 m
is the radius of the pertinent latitude. CP = 1 / 2 (BC ) = 3 3 m
Now, extend the radius NC to M so C
Therefore, using Pythagoras N
that MD becomes perpendicular to theorem, you can find PM C 6 D
CM. M D
PM = CM 2 − CP 2 = 3 3√6
Given that CD = 6370 km and MD =
∴ MN = 2 (PM ) = 6.
3185 3 km. That is MD/CD = 3/2.

Page 72 of 277
Mensuration 525

It implies that ∆MCN and ∆BMN are equilateral triangles. tangent to the circle, as shown in the diagram. And,
therefore, the diameter of the circle must make a 45° angle
Area of the common region = Area
with the base in order to conform to the symmetry.
encapsulated between two arcs
Now, the radii GO = EO = HO = r
  60  3 2
= 2 π 62   − 6  Therefore, in ∆HOF either by using Pythagoras theorem or
  360  4  HO r
= 2 (6π − 9 3) Trigonometric ratio, we have OF = HF = =
2 2
Area grazed by sheep and goat = 2(Area Therefore, CD = EF
of a quadrant) – area of the common ⇒ CD = EO + OF
region r
⇒ a=r+
π  2
= 2 (6)2 − 2 (6 π − 9 3)
4   2 
⇒ r = a 
= 6(π + 3 3)  1 + 2
Area that cannot be grazed by sheep and goat = (total area r = a (2 − 2)
of square – area grazed by sheep and square)
Therefore, the required area of the semicircle
= 54 − 6 (π + 3 3) = 3. 97 m2 1 1
= πr2 = π (a(2 − 2))2
Hence, choice (b) is the correct one. 2 2
1 2
Alternatively From the given information, you can find = πa (6 − 4 2)
that side of the square is 3 6 = 7.4 m but the length of rope 2
= πa2 (3 − 2 2) ≈ 0.172 πa2
=6m
If you look at the following figure you see Case II gives the highest possible value.
that at the corner of the field there are Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
two white (or un-grazed) regions.
Roughly, each such region looks like a 75 Consider the following diagram, in which O is the centre of
square. And the side of each such square the circle and OG is perpendicular to BC and EF is parallel
= 7. 35 − 6 = 1. 35 m. to BC.
Therefore area of both the un-grazed regions A E B

= 2 (1. 35) = 3. 65 ≈ 4
2 Q
2
So, the total un-grazed area is approx. 4 m
O G
NOTE The actual area at the corners would be slightly
more than the total area of the assumed squares at the two
corners. That’s why choices (a), (c) and (d) are invalid. 60°
D P F C
74 Given that each side of the square is a unit. Let r be the
radius of such semicircle. Then, we can proceed as follows. Since, PQ makes a 60° angle with DC, therefore
Case I: If the diameter of the semicircle ∠ QPC = ∠QOG = 60° and ∠PQC = ∠POF = 30°
coincides with one of the sides of the Since OP = OQ = OE = r therefore, using 30-60-90 degree
square, the maximum area of semicircle theorem (or trigonometric ratios) in ∆ OPF, we can find
2
1 1  a
= πr 2 = π   3
2 2  2 that PF = r / 2 and OF = r.
2
1
= (πa ) = 0.125πa2
2
3 r (2 + 3)
8 Therefore, AB = BC = EF = OE + OF = r + r=
2 2
Case II: If the diameter of the circle makes some angle
So, the area of the smallest possible square
with one of the sides of the square. 2
A  r (2 + 3)  7 + 4 3 2
B =  =  r
H  2   4 

r
Hence, choice (a) is the correct one.
E F 76 Look at the following figure (i), you will have AB = RB, as
r O r
r √2 both of them are radii of the same circle centered at B.
45° Similarly, AB = AR .
C G D Therefore, AR = BR = AB . That is
Let O is the centre of the semicircle. Since square is a ∠RAB = ∠RBA = ∠ARB = 60°
symmetric diagram, so both the sides of the square must be

Page 73 of 277
526 QUANTUM CAT
Now, look at the figure (ii) and find all the important  10 2  100
⇒ a2 =   = = 100 (2 − 3) sq cm
angles.  3 + 1 2 + 3
D C D C
15° 150° 15°
Hence, choice (b) is the correct one.
R 75° 75°
75° 75° 77 Look at the following figure (i), you will have AB = RB, as
R
60° both of them are radii of the same circle centered at B
Similarly, AB = AR
Therefore, AR = BR = AB.

30°
That is ∠RAB = ∠RBA = ∠ARB = 60°
30°
D C D C
60° 60° 15° 150° 15°
R 75° 75°
A B A B 75° 75°
Fig (i) Fig (ii) R
60°
Now, with the help of fig (ii) find all the important angles
in fig (iii).
∠CDR = 15°, similarly ∠ DSA = 150°
30°
∴ ∠RDS = 90 − (15 + 15) = 60° 30°

But, since DR = DS 60° 60°

∴ ∠DSR = ∠ DRS = 60° A B A B
Fig (i) Fig (ii)
That is triangle DRS is an equilateral triangle.
That’s why all the four triangles ∆ DSR , ∆PBQ , ∆RCQ , ∆SAP Now, with the help of fig (ii) find all important angles in
in fig (iv) are equilateral ones. fig (iii).
Since, RS = RQ = PQ = SP so the quadrilateral SRQP is a ∠CDR = 15, similarly ∠ DSA = 15°
square. ∴ ∠ RDS = 90° − (15° + 15° ) = 60°
D C D C But, since DR = DS, ∴∠DSR = ∠ DRS = 60°
R R
That is triangle DRS is an equilateral triangle.
That’s why all the four triangles
S Q S Q ∆DSR , ∆ PBQ , ∆RCQ , ∆SAP in fig (iv) are equilateral ones.
Since, RS = RQ = PQ = SP , so the quadrilateral SRQP is a
square.
P P D C D C
A B A B
Fig (iii) Fig (iv) R R

Now, look at the fig (v) and fig (vi).

S Q S Q
Let us assume that each side of the square SRQP is a, then
SR = SD = DR = a and PQ = PB = QB = a
3 P P
∴ DM = BN = a A B A B
2 Fig. (iii) Fig. (iv)
D D C
R R
Now, look at the fig (v) and fig (vi).
M Let us assume that each side of the square SRQP is a, then
Q SR = SD = DR = a and PQ = PB = QB = a
S S Q
N 3
∴ DM = BN = a
2
P P But, DB = DM + MN + NB
B
A B
Fig (v) Fig (vi) 3 3
⇒ 10 2 = a+ a+ a
But, DB = DM + MN + NB 2 2
10 2 = ( 3 + 1) a
3 3
⇒ 10 2 = a + a+ a 10 2
2 2 ⇒ a=
( 3 + 1)
⇒ 10 2 = ( 3 + 1)a
10 2  10 2  100
⇒ a= ⇒ a2 =   = = 100 (2 − 3) sq cm
( 3 + 1)  3 + 1 2 + 3

Page 74 of 277
Mensuration 527

D C D 25π
R R Therefore, area of the segment = − 25 sq cm
3
M
π 
= 25 − 1 sq cm
S Q S
Q 3 
N
Thus the total area of all the four segments around the
π  π 
P P inscribed square = 4 × 25  − 1 = 100  − 1 sq cm
A B
B 3  3 
Fig (v) Fig (vi)
The area of the common region by two quadrants in fig D C D C
R R
(vii) is determined as follows. Area of common region
= 2 × area of each quadrant – area of the square
1 
= 2 ×  π × 102 − 102 = 50π − 100 sq cm S Q S
4 
30°
Now, look at the fig (viii). The total area of the 6 shaded 30°
segments = Total area of the common region between the P 30°
two quadrants – Total area of the two equilateral triangles A B A B
Fig (i) Fig (ii)
and one square
 3  10 2 
2
 10 2  
2
= (50 π − 100) −  2 × ×  +    sq cm Now, using cosine rule you can obtain RS, the side of the
 4  3 + 1  3 + 1  inscribed square, as follows.
 
 3  BS 2 + BR 2 − RS 2
= (50 π − 100) −  × 100 (2 − 3) + 100 (2 − 3) sq cm cos 30° =
 2 
2 (BS )(BR )
 3  3 102 + 102 − RS 2
= (50 π − 100) − 100 (2 − 3)  + 1 sq cm =
2 2 2 × 10 × 10
 
= (50 π − 100) − (50) sq cm = 50 (π − 3) sq cm 200 − RS 2
=
200
D C D C
R 200 − RS 2
3=
100
Q RS 2 = 100 (2 − 3)
S
D C
Therefore, area of the square R
SRQP = SR 2 = 100 (2 − 3) sq cm
P
A B A B Thus, the required area
Fig (vii) Fig (viii) S Q
π 
4
Therefore, the area of 4 shaded segments = × 50 (π − 3) = 100  − 1 + 100 (2 − 3)
3 
6 P
sq cm π  A B
100 (π − 3) = 100  + 1 − 3 sq cm Fig (iii)
= sq cm 3 
3
D C Alternatively First of all, let us denote the different
Thus, the required area = area of the R regions of the square as shown below.
4 shaded segments around the
square SRQP + area of the square Now, consider the fig (ii).
SRQP inscribed in that region S Q The area of the unshaded region = Area of square – area of
100 (π − 3) the shaded quadrant x + 2y = 100 − 25π (i)
= + 100 (2 − 3) sq cm
3 Now, consider the fig (iv).
P
π  A
= 100 + 1 − 3 sq cm B D C D C
3  Fig (ix)
y y
x x x
Hence, choice (b) is the correct one.
Alternatively Look at the following figures: fig (i) and y z y y
fig (ii).
30° 25π
Area of the sector BSR = π × 102 × = sq cm x x
360° 3 y
1
Area of isosceles triangle BSR = × 102 sin 30° A B A B
2 Fig (i) Fig (ii)
= 25 sq cm

Page 75 of 277
528 QUANTUM CAT
Area enclosed by the two overlapping In the fig (ii), we have GB = 30 − x and HA = GA = x,
quadrants = total areaof the two D C ∴ AB = GB − GA ⇒ 16 = 30 − 2x ⇒ x = 7 cm
quadrants – area of the square x
2x + z = 2 × 25π − 100 Now, from fig (i), we have EB = GC = FD = HA = 7 cm and
⇒ 2x + z = 50 π − 100 (ii) Z AE = BG = CF = DH = 23 cm
Now, consider the fig (iv). Now, in fig (i), if we draw a perpendicular line FJ on AB,
x
such that FJ = AD = 30
Area of the shaded region = area of A B
the equilateral triangle + 2(area of Fig. (iii) Since, AJ = DF = 7, therefore JE = AE − AJ = 23 − 7
the segments outside the equilateral = 16 cm
3
triangle) 2x + y + z = × 100 + 2 (area of the segments Therefore, in the right angle triangle FJE, we have
4
outside the equilateral triangle) FE = 302 + 162 = 34 cm
⇒ 2x + y + z = 25 3 + 2 (area of the segments outside the FE
But, since OF = OE = = 17 cm
equilateral triangle) 2
But the area of each segment = area of each sector with Similarly, OH = OG = 17 cm
central angle 60°− area of equilateral triangle Therefore, the side of the new larger square = 34 cm.
100π Hence, choice (a) is correct.
= − 25 3
6 79 Since, the ratio of area of polygon to that of rectangle is 16/25,
th
D C D C it means 9/25 or 36% area is lost due to overlapping.
P P B′

D E C

A B
A Fig. (iv) B A Fig. (v) B

Therefore, area of the shade region in fig (iv) is Therefore the lost area is equal to the area of triangle AEC.
 100 π  It implies that area of triangle AEC = 36% of area of
2x + y + z = 25 3 + 2  − 25 3
 6  rectangle ABCD.
100π That is area of ∆AED + ∆AEC + ∆CEB′ = 64% of the area of
⇒ 2x + y + z = − 25 3 …(iii)
3 rectangle ABCD
Now, solving the eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get Since area of ∆AED = ∆CEB′ therefore,
50 π
x = 100 − 25 3 − ∆ AED = CEB′ = 14%( ABCD )
3
Now, see there are two triangles AEC and ECB′ of same
Then, from the eq. (i), we get height.
25π
y= + 50 3 − 100 1
( AE × CB′ )
3 2 ∆AEC
∴ =
Again, from eq. (ii), we get 1
(EB′ × CB′ ) ∆ ECB′
 π  2
z = 100 + 1 − 3
 3  AE 36 18k
⇒ = =
78 Given that AB = BC = CD = DA = 30 cm. Due to EB′ 14 7 k
But, EC = EA = 18k and EB′ = 7 k
symmetrical cutting, EF and GH are perpendicular. Also,
AE = BG = CF = DH and EB = GC = FD = HA. Therefore, by applying Pythagoras theorem in ∆ ECB′, we
D F C get CB′ = (18k )2 − (7 k )2 = 5 11 k
O H G O
C And, AB′ = AE + EB′ = 18k + 7 k = 25k
G
Therefore, the required percentage
O F F
B 25k 5
E D = =
E
H 5 11k 11
A Hence, choice (a) is correct.
A E B O H G O
30 – x x
Fig. (i) Fig. (ii)

Page 76 of 277
QUANTUM CAT

CHAPTER 12

Geometr y
12.1 Introduction
I think geometry is all about visualization and creativity. By connecting some dots or
extending some line segments or rotating some angles you can easily figure out the correct
answers. Practically, you need not be an artist or a painter, but at least you must be capable
of visualizing the geometrical figures. So before going for the tedious and complex
geometrical problems you must make yourself familiar and comfortable with the
fundamental concepts of geometry. Basically, geometry consists of a very large proportion
of problems in CAT. Sometimes, 15-20% problems related to this chapter are asked in Chapter Checklist
CAT. Apart from CAT other competitive exams such as XAT, IIFT and SSC also ask a Lines and Angles
plethora of questions from this chapter. Therefore, it is strongly advised that you must learn
Triangles
this chapter religiously for the sake of a decent score.
Mind me if you don’t understand the theorems, axioms or concepts minutely you cannot Quadrilaterals
perform well, as the intricacy of diagrams and concepts makes it a daunting task for you. Polygons
For the sake of convenience this chapter is divided into 5 parts Circles
1. Lines and Angles 2. Triangles 3. Quadrilaterals Tangential Quadrilateral
4. Polygons 5. Circles and Loci CAT Test

12.2 Lines and Angles

Point : The figure of which length, breadth and height cannot be measured is called a
point. It is infinitesimal.
Line : A line is made up of a infinite number of points and it has only length i.e., it does not
has any thickness (or width). A line is endless i.e., it can be extended in both directions.

Line segment : A line segments has two end points, but generally speaking line segment
is called a line. →
(line segment AB )
A B
Ray : A ray extends indefinitely in one direction from any given point. This is exhibited
by an arrow. The starting point is called as the initial point.

Page 77 of 277
Geometry 545

Plane : It is a flat surface, having length and breadth both, 7. There are an infinite number of planes which pass
but no thickness. It is a two dimensional figure. through a single (particular) point.
8. When more than three points lie in the same plane, they
are called as coplanar, else they are called as
non-coplanar.
9. When more than one line lie in the same plane, then
these lines are called as coplanar else they are called as
(Plane) non-coplanar.
10. When two planes intersect each other, they form a line
Type of Lines Definition Diagram i.e., intersecting region is a line.
Parallel lines Two lines, lying in a plane 11. Two different lines which are perpendicular to the same
and having no common
intersecting point are called
(a third line) line, are necessarily parallel to each other,
parallel lines. The distance if all of them are lying on the same plane.
Symbol :
between two parallel lines is 12. When two or more parallel lines are intercepted by some
constant.
other intercepting lines, then the ratio of corresponding
Perpendicular Two lines, which lie in a intercepts are equal. An intercepting line is generally
lines single plane and intersect
called as a transversal.
eachother at right angle, are
called perpendicular lines. Symbol : A D
Concurrent More than two straight lines B E
lines intersecting at the same C F
point.

AB DE
Points to Remember i.e., =
BC EF
1. A line contains infinitely many points. Angles
2. The intersection of two different lines is a point. The amount of rotation about O, the vertex of the angle
3. Through a given point, there pass an infinite number of AOA′, is called the magnitude of the angle.
lines and these lines are called concurrent lines. A'
4. Only one line can pass through any two particular points.
5. When more than two points lie on a line, they are called
as collinear points else they are called as non-collinear
points. O A

6. Two lines can intersect maximum at one point. This m ∠ AOA ′ denotes the measure of ∠AOA ′. Angles are said
point is called as point of intersection and these lines to be congruent when their measure is same.
are called as intersecting lines. (symbol : ≅)

Types of Angles Property Diagram

Acute 0° < θ < 90° A
(∠AOB is an acute angle)

θ
O B

Right θ = 90° A
(∠AOB is a right angle)

O B

Page 78 of 277
546 QUANTUM CAT
Types of Angles Property Diagram
Obtuse 90° < θ < 180° A
(∠AOB is an obtuse angle)

θ
O B

Straight θ = 180° θ
(∠AOB is a straight angle) A O B

Reflex 180° < θ < 360° θ

B
(∠AOB is a reflex angle) O
A

Complementary θ1 + θ2 = 90° A
Two angles whose sum is 90°, are B
complementary to each other θ2
θ1
O C

M P

θ1 θ2
O N O Q

Supplementary θ1 + θ2 = 180° B
Two angles whose sum is 180°, are θ1
supplementary to each other. θ2
A O C

N P

θ1
θ2
M O O Q

Vertically opposite ∠DOA = ∠BOC and ∠DOB = ∠AOC D B

A C
A
Adjacent angles ∠AOB and ∠BOC are adjacent angles A
Adjacent angles must have a common side. B
(e.g., OB)
θ1 θ
θ2
O B
O C

Linear pair ∠AOB and ∠BOC are linear pair angles. One B
side must be common (e.g., OB) and these two
angles must be supplementary.
θ1 θ2

A O C

Page 79 of 277
Geometry 547

Types of Angles Property Diagram

Angles on the one side of a θ1 + θ2 + θ3 = 180°
line
θ2
θ1 θ3

θ1

θ1 + θ2 + θ3 + θ4 = 360° θ2 θ4
Angles round the point
θ3

Angle bisector OC is the angle bisector of ∠AOB. A

1
i.e., ∠AOC = ∠BOC = (∠ AOB) C
2
When a line segment divides an angle equally
into two parts, then it is said to be the angle
bisector (OC) O B

(Angle bisector is equidistant from the two sides of the

angle)

A
C

i.e., AC = BC
O B
Corresponding angles When two lines are intersected by a E
transversal, then they form four pairs of
corresponding angles 2 1
A
(a) ∠AGE, ∠CHG ⇒ (∠ 2, ∠ 6) G B
4
(b) ∠AGH, ∠CHF ⇒ (∠3, ∠7 ) 3
(c) ∠EGB, ∠GHD ⇒ (∠1, ∠5)
(d) ∠BGH, ∠DHF ⇒ (∠4, ∠8) 6 5
H D
C 8
7

Exterior angles These are following four angles

(i) ∠AGE ⇒ ∠2
(ii) ∠CHF ⇒ ∠7
(iii) ∠EGB ⇒ ∠1
(iv) ∠DHF ⇒ ∠8
Interior angles These are following four angles
(i) ∠AGH ⇒ ∠3
(ii) ∠GHC ⇒ ∠6
(iii) ∠BGH ⇒ ∠4
(iv) ∠DHF ⇒ ∠5
Alternate angles These are two pairs angles as following:
(i) ∠AGH, ∠GHD (∠3, ∠5)
(ii) ∠GHC, ∠BGH (∠6, ∠4)

Page 80 of 277
548 QUANTUM CAT
When two parallel lines are intersected by a ∠3 = ∠7
transversal, then ∠1 = ∠5
E
∠4 = ∠8
2 1
A B
3G 4 NOTE 1. If one pair of corresponding angles is congruent, then the
rest pairs of corresponding angles are also congruent.
2. The pairs of alternate angles so formed are congruent
6 H 5
C D i.e., ∠3 = ∠5 and ∠4 = ∠6
7 8
3. The pair of interior angles (i.e., the interior angles on the same side of
a transversal) are supplementary.
F
1. The pairs of corresponding angles so formed are NOTE The converse of all the 3 rules is also true i.e., if the pair of
corresponding angles, or alternate angles or interior angles is equal (i.e.,
congruent. congruent), then the two lines are parallel which are intersected by a
i.e., ∠2 = ∠6 transversal.

Introductory Exercise 12.1

1. What is the value of x in the following figure? 4. In the following figure ∠BOP = 2 x° , ∠AOP = 2 y° , OC
C and OD are angle bisectors of ∠BOP and ∠AOP
respectively.
D P C
5x 4x
A O B y° x°
y° x°
(a) 80° (b) 40° A O B
(c) 20° (d) 25°
2. What is the value of x in the following figure? Find the value of ∠COD.
(a) 75° (b) 90° (c) 100° (d) 120°
C
5. In the following figure find the value of ∠BOC.
C F
(5x + 12°)
3x
A B
A B 40° O 31°

(a) 18° (b) 20° E D

(c) 21° (d) 24°
(a) 101° (b) 149° (c) 71° (d) 140°
3. In the following figure AB is a straight line. Find
6. Find y, if x° = 36 ° , as per the given diagram.
(x + y).
B
D A
C
x°
90°
2y °
y° 2x ° C 4y °
A B O
O 3x ° 3x °
105°
D
E
(a) 36° (b) 16° (c) 12° (d) 42°
(a) 55° (b) 65° 7. If (2 x + 17 )°, (x + 4 )° are complementary, find x.
(c) 75° (d) 80° (a) 63° (b) 53° (c) 35° (d) 23°

Page 81 of 277
Geometry 549

8. If (5 y + 62 )° , (22 ° + y) are supplementary, find y. 17. In the given figure, ∠a is greater than one-sixth of
(a) 16° (b) 32° (c) 8° (d) 1° right angle, then.
C
9. If two supplementary angles are in the ratio 13 : 5.
find the greater angle. b°
a°
(a) 130° (b) 65° (c) 230° (d) 28°
A O B
10. An angle is 30° more than one half of its
complement. Find the angle in degrees. (a) b > 165° (b) b < 165°
(a) 60° (b) 50° (c) 45° (d) 80° (c) b ≤ 165 ° (d) b ≥ 165 °
11. In the given diagram AB|| GH || DE and GF || BD || HI , 18. Let D be the mid–point of a straight line AB and let C
be a point different from D such that AC = BC , then.
∠FGC = 80 °. Find the value of ∠CHI.
(a) AC ⊥ AB (b) ∠BDC = 90 °
A G F (c) ∠BDC is acute (d) ∠BDC > 90 °
19. Answer on the basis of the following statements.
B C D When two straight lines intersect, then :
1. adjacent angles are complementary
I H E 2. adjacent angles are supplementary
3. opposite angles are equal
(a) 80° (b) 120°
(c) 100° (d) 160° 4. opposite angles are supplementary
12. In the given figure AB || CD || EF || GH and (a) 2 and 3 are correct
(b) 1 and 4 are correct
BH = 100 cm. Find the value of DF. (c) 1 and 3 are correct
(d) 2 and 4 are correct
A B 20. AB is a straight line and O is a point on AB, if a line
50 cm
OC is drawn not coinciding with OA or OB, then ∠AOC
C D
30 cm and ∠BOC are
(a) equal
E F
(b) complementary
40 cm
(c) supplementary
G H (d) together equal to 100
21. In the adjoining figure AE || CD and BC || ED, then
(a) 26 cm (b) 40 cm
(c) 25 cm (d) 24 cm find Y.
13. The complement of 65 °50′ is : 100° A
(a) 24° 50′ (b) 24°10′ P Q
B C
(c) 14° 50′ (d) 34° 10′
14. The supplement of 123° 45′ is : y°
R S
(a) 56° 55′ E D
(b) 56° 15′
(c) 55° 56′ (a) 60° (b) 80°
(d) None of the above (c) 90° (d) 75°
15. If two angles are complementary to each other, then 22. In the adjoining figure ∠APO = 42 ° and ∠CQO = 38 °.
each angle is :
Find the value of ∠POQ.
(a) a right angle
(b) a supplementary angle A
P
B
(c) an obtuse angle 1
2
(d) an acute angle M N
O 3
C 4 D
16. How many degrees are there in an angle which Q
equals one-fifth of its supplement?
(a) 15° (b) 30° (a) 68° (b) 72°
(c) 75° (d) 150° (c) 80° (d) 126°

Page 82 of 277
550 QUANTUM CAT
23. In a ∆ABC, a line XY parallel to BC intersects AB at X 27. In the given figure AB || DE. Find a ° + b° − c° :
and AC at Y : A B
If BY bisects ∠XYC, then m ∠CBY : m ∠CYB is : a°
A b° C

c°
X Y
D E
(a) 160° (b) 120° (c) 180° (d) 210°
B C 28. In the given figure AB || CE and BC || FG. Find the
value of x°. A
(a) 5 : 4 (b) 4 : 5
(c) 1 : 1 (d) 6 : 5 G
C
x°
24. In the adjoining figure AB ||CD and PQ, QR intersects
D
B 138°
AB and CD both at E , F and G , H respectively. Given
that m ∠PEB = 80 ° , m ∠QHD = 120 ° and F E
m ∠PQR = x°, find the value of x. (a) 52° b) 32° (c) 42° (d) 36°
A C
G
Q 29. AB|| CD , shown in the figure. Find the value of x.
x°
H A B
E 120° 100
P (x +10)°
80°
30°
F C D
R B D (a) 100° (b) 90° (c) 110° (d) 140°

(a) 40° (b) 20° 30. In the figure PQ || LM || RS. Find the value of ∠ LRS.
(c) 100° (d) 30° P Q
25. In the following figure, find the value of y. 55°
L M
A
P Q 30° 155°
60° z° x
y°
R S

110°
(a) 30° (b) 25° (c) 35° (d) 40°
x°
31. In the figure AB || DC and DE|| BF . Find the value of x.
B C
A
(a) 70° (b) 60° D E
(c) 50° (d) 80° 40°
x
26. In the adjoining figure AB || DE , ∠ABC = 67 ° and
∠ EDC = 23 °. Find ∠BCD.
65°
B D B C F

x (a) 140° (b) 155° (c) 105° (d) 115°

67° 23°
32. In the figure AB|| CD , ∠ABE = 100. Find m ∠CDE.
C
A C

A E
D x°
(a) 90° 100°
(b) 44° B 25°
(c) 46° E
(d) none of the above
(a) 125° (b) 55° (c) 65° (d) 75°

Page 83 of 277
Geometry 551

33. In the figure AB ||CD , find x° (i.e., ∠CDF ). 38. AB || CD. ∠ABO = 118 ° , ∠BOD = 152 °, find ∠ODC.
A
A B
C
118°
70° E O
B F 152°
20°
x°
D
(a) 50° (b) 90° (c) 30° (d) 70°
C D
34. In the given figure XY || PQ, find the value of x.
E (a) 70° (b) 80°
A 60° (c) 90° (d) 34°
X Y
35°
39. Two parallel lines AB and CD are intersected by a
x° O transversal EF at M and N respectively.
20° The lines MP and NP are the bisectors of interior
y°
P Q angles ∠BMN and ∠DNM on the same side of the
B
transversal. Then ∠MPN is equal to :
(a) 70° (b) 40° (c) 75° (d) 15° (a) 60° (b) 90°
(c) 45° (d) 120°
35. In the given figure AB|| CD and EF || DQ. Find the
40. If the arms of one angle are respectively parallel to
value of ∠DEF.
P the arms of another angle, then the two angles are :
Q
(a) either equal or supplementary
(b) neither equal not supplementary
34° F (c) equal but not supplementary
D (d) not equal but supplementary
C
41. AB and CD are two parallel lines. PQ cuts AB and CD
78°
at E and F respectively. EL is the bisector of ∠BEF. If
A E B
∠LEB = 35 ° , then ∠CFQ will be :
(a) 68° (b) 78° (c) 34° (d) 39° (a) 70° (b) 55°
36. In the given figure AB || CD || EF and GH || KL. Find (c) 110° (d) 125°
m ∠HKL. 42. A plane figure is bounded by straight lines only. If n
L is the number of these lines, then the least value of n
is :
A B (a) 1 (b) 2
K
(c) 3 (d) 4
25°
C D 43. How many planes can pass through any three
60° H
arbitrary points?
E F (a) 1 (b) 2
G
(c) 3 (d) 0

(a) 85° (b) 145° (c) 120° (d) 95° 44. Out of the four arbitrary non–collinear points three
points are taken at a time, then the number of planes
37. Which one of the following statements is false?
(a) Two straight lines can intersect at only one point. that can be drawn through the three points is :
(b) Through a given point, only one straight line can (a) 3 (b) 4
be drawn. (c) 6 (d) 12
(c) A line segment can be produced to any desired 45. Maximum number of points of intersection of four
length. lines on a plane is :
(d) Through two given points, it is possible to draw (a) 4 (b) 6
one and only one straight line. (c) 8 (d) 5

Page 84 of 277
552 QUANTUM CAT
In the adjoining figure G F
12.3 Triangles ∠FCB , ∠CBE , ∠ABD, ∠IAB ,
C
Triangle : A three sided closed plane figure, which is ∠HAC , ∠GCA are the exterior
formed by joining the three non-collinear points, is called as angles of the ∆ABC.
a triangle. It is denoted by the symbol ∆.
Sum of the three interior angles
A
of a triangle is always 180°. H A B E
I D
Exterior angle = Sum of two
interior opposite angles
e.g., ∠CBE = ∠CAB + ∠BCA
Perimeter of triangle is equal to sum of all the three sides
B C i.e., a + b + c
In the above ∆ (triangle) ABC, A, B and C are three Semiperimeter of a triangle is half of the perimeter
vertices, line segments AB , BC and AC are the three sides a +b+c
i.e., s = , a, b, c are the length of three sides of a
of the triangle. ∠A, ∠B and ∠C are the three interior 2
angles of a triangle ABC. triangle.

Types of Triangles
(A) According to interior angles
Types of Triangles Property/Definition Diagram
Acute angle triangle Each of the angle of a triangle is less than 90° B
i.e., a < 90° , b < 90° , c < 90° b

a c
A C
{ ∠a, ∠b, ∠c} < 90°
Right angled triangle One of the angle is equal to 90°, then it is called as right angled A
triangle.
Rest two angles are complementary to each other.

90°
C B
∠C = 90°
Obtuse angle triangle One of the angle is obtuse (i.e., greater than 90°), then it is called A
as obtuse angle triangle.

C B
∠C > 90°

(B) According to the length of sides.

Types of Triangles Property/Definition Diagram
Scalene triangle A triangle in which none of the three sides is equal is called a C
scalene triangle (all the three angles are also different ).

a b

B c A
a≠b≠c

Page 85 of 277
Geometry 553

Isosceles triangle A triangles in which at least two sides are equal is called an A
isosceles triangle.
In this triangle, the angles opposite to the congruent sides are also
equal.

B C
AB = AC, ∠B = ∠C
Equilateral triangle A triangle in which all the three sides are equal called an A
equilateral triangle. In this triangle each angle is congruent and
equal to 60°.

B C
AB = BC = AC
∠A = ∠B = ∠C = 60°

Fundamental Properties of Triangles 6. Cosine rule : In a ∆ABC, if a, b, c be the sides

1. Sum of any two sides is always greater than the third opposite to angle A, B and C respectively, then
side. b2 + c2 − a 2 c2 + a 2 − b2
2. The difference of any two sides is always less than the cos A = , cos B = ,
2bc 2ca
third side.
3. Greater angle has a greater side opposite to it and a 2 + b2 − c2
cos C =
smaller angle has a smaller side opposite to it i.e., if two 2ab
sides of a triangle are not congruent then the angle (These rules have been discussed already in
opposite to the greater side is greater. trigonometry.)
4. Let a, b and c be the three sides of a ∆ABC and c is the 7. The sum of all the three interior angles is always 180°
largest side. Then E
B
C

a c
A
D
C b A B
F

(i) if c 2 < a 2 + b 2 , the triangle is acute angle triangle i.e., ∠CAB + ∠ABC + ∠BCA = 180°
(ii) if c 2 = a 2 + b 2 , the triangle is right angled triangle 8. The sum of three (ordered) exterior angles of a triangle
is 360°
(iii) if c 2 > a 2 + b 2 , the triangle is obtuse angle triangle E
E
5. Sine rule : In a ∆ABC, if a, b, c be the three sides C C
opposite to the angles A, B , C respectively, then
a b c
= = B A
sin A sin B sin C F D
A B
A D F
Fig. (i) Fig. (ii)

In fig. (i) : ( ∠FAC + ∠ECB + ∠DBA ) = 360°

b c
In fig. (ii) : ( ∠FAB + ∠DBC + ∠ECA ) = 360°
9. The sum of an interior angle and its adjacent exterior
C B angle is 180°.
a

Page 86 of 277
554 QUANTUM CAT
10. A triangle must has at least two acute angles.
11. In a triangle, the measure of an exterior angle equals the sum of the measures of the interior opposite angles.
12. The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the measure of each of the opposite interior angles.
Important Definitions
Nomenclature Property/Definition Diagram
Altitude (or height) The perpendicular drawn from the opposite vertex of a side in
A
a triangle is called an altitude of the triangle.
l
There are three altitudes in a triangle.

D F
O

B E C
AE, CD and BF are the altitudes
Median The line segment joining the mid-point of a side to the vertex
A
opposite to the side is called a median.
l
There are three medians in a triangle.
l
A median bisects the area of the triangle i.e.,
1 D F
A (∆ABE ) = A (∆AEC) = A (∆ABC) etc.
2 O

B E C
AE, CD and BF are the medians
(BE = CE, AD = BD, AF = CF )
Angle bisector A line segment which originates from a vertex and bisects the A
same angle is called an angle bisector.
 ∠BAE = ∠CAE = 1 ∠BAC etc.
 
 2 
D F

B E C
AE, CD and BF are the angle bisectors.
Perpendicular A line segment which bisects a side perpendicularly (i.e, at A
bisector right angle) is called a perpendicular bisector of a side of
triangle.
l
All points on the perpendicular bisector of a line are
equidistant from the ends of the line. D F
O

B E C
DO, EO and FO are the
perpendicular bisectors.
Orthocentre The point of intersection of the three altitudes of the triangle is A
called the orthocentre.
∠BOC = 180 − ∠A
F
∠COA = 180 − ∠B D
O
∠AOB = 180 − ∠C

B E C
‘O’ is the orthocentre

Page 87 of 277
Geometry 555

Types of Triangles Property/Definition Diagram

Centroid The point of intersection of the three medians of a triangle is A
called the centroid. A centroid divides each median in the ratio
2 : 1 (vertex : base)
AO CO BO 2
= = = D F
OE OD OF 1
O

B E C
‘O’ is the centroid.
Incentre The point of intersection of the angle bisectors of a triangle is A
called the incentre.
Incentre O is the always equidistant from all three sides i.e., the
perpendicular distance between the sides and incentre is always
same for all the three sides. D F

B E C
‘O’ is the incentre.
Circumcentre The point of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the A
sides of a triangle is called the circumcentre.
OA = OB = OC = (circum radius)
Circumcentre O is always equidistant from all the three vertices D F
A, B and C.
O

B E C
‘O’ is the circumcentre.

Important Theorems on Triangles

Theorem Statement/Explanation Diagram
Pythagoras The square of the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle is equal A
theorem to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. i.e.,
( AC)2 = ( AB)2 + (BC)2
D
l
The converse of this theorem is also true.
l
The numbers which satisfy this relation, are called
Pythagorean triplets.
e.g., (3, 4, 5), (5, 12, 13), (7, 24, 25), (8, 15, 17), (9, 40, 41),
(11, 60, 61), (12, 35, 37), (16, 63, 65), (20, 21, 29), (28, 45, B C
53), (33, 56, 65 ) ∠B = 90°
Note : All the multiples (or submultiples) of Pythagorean AC → Hypotenuse
triplets also satisfy the relation. e.g.,
AD = CD = BD
(6, 8,10), (15,36, 39), (1.5, 2, 2.5) etc (D is the mid-point of AC)
45° − 45° − 90° If the angles of a triangle are 45°, 45° and 90°, then the A
triangle theorem hypotenuse (i.e., longest side) is 2 times of any smaller side.
Excluding hypotenuse rest two sides are equal. i.e., AB = BC
and AC = 2 AB = 2BC

B C
∠A = 45°, ∠B = 90°, ∠C = 45°

Page 88 of 277
556 QUANTUM CAT
Theorem Statement/Explanation Diagram
30° − 60° − 90° If the angles of a triangle are 30°, 60° and 90°,then the sides A
triangle theorem opposite to 30° angle is half of the hypotenuse and the side
3 60°
opposite to 60° is times the hypotenuse .
2
AC 3
e.g., AB = and BC = AC
2 2
∴ AB : BC : AC = 1 : 3 : 2 90° 30°
B C

Basic Any line parallel to one side of a triangle divides the other two A
proportionality sides proportionally. So if DE is drawn parallel to BC, it would
theorem (BPT) or divide sides AB and AC proportionally i.e.,
Thales theorem AD AE AD AE
= or =
DB EC AB AC D E
AD AB AE AC
= = =
DE BC DE BC
B C

Mid-point theorem If the mid-points of two adjacent sides of a triangle are joined A
by a line segment, then this segment is parallel to the third side.
i.e., if AD = BD and AE = CE, then DE || BC

D E

B C

Apollonius theorem In a triangle, the sum of the squares of any two sides of a A
triangle is equal to twice the sum of the square of the median to
the third side and square of half the third side. i.e.,
AB2 + AC2 = 2 ( AD 2 + BD 2 )

B D C
BD = CD
AD is the median
Interior angle In a triangle the angle bisector of an angle divides the opposite A
bisector theorem side to the angle in the ratio of the remaining two sides. i.e.,
BD AB
= and BD × AC − CD × AB = AD 2
CD AC

B C
D

Exterior angle In a triangle the angle bisector of any exterior angle of a E

bisector theorem triangle divides the side opposite to the external angle in the
BE BC
ratio of the remaining two sides i.e., = A
AE AC

B C D

Page 89 of 277
Geometry 557

Euler’s Theorem for a Let ∆ABC have circumradius R and inradius r. Let d be A
triangle the distance between the circumcentre and the
incenter. Then we have d2 = R(R − 2r ) P
B C
Q
PQ = d

Crossed Ladder Theorem Let the two line segments BC and AD intersect at a B
point F, such that the point E lies on AC and
AB || CD || EF. Then, we have D
1 1 1 F
+ =
AB CD EF

A E C

Mass Point Geometry Let us consider a line AB which is intersected by a m n

point P, such that AP = m and BP = n, we have A P B
wt ( A) n
=
wt (B) m
Therefore, the weight at A will be n, the weight at B m n
will be m and the total weight at P will be (m + n ). (n )A (m+n)P (m)B

Useful Results 4. In a ∆ABC, if BC is produced to D and AE is the angle

bisector of ∠A, then
1. In a ∆ABC, if the bisectors of ∠B and ∠C meet at O,
1 A
then ∠BOC = 90° + ∠A
2
A

B D
C
O

B C
∠ABC + ∠ACD = 2 ∠ AEC .
5. In a ∆ABC, if side BC is produced to D and bisectors
2. In a ∆ABC, if sides AB and AC are produced to D and of ∠ABC and ∠ ACD meet at E, then
E respectively and the bisectors of ∠DBC and ∠ECB E
1
intersect at O, then ∠BOC = 90° − ∠A A
2
A

B D
C
B C 1
∠BEC =
∠BAC
2
D O E 6. In an acute angle ∆ ABC, AD is a perpendicular
3. In a ∆ABC, if AD is the angle bisector of ∠BAC and dropped on the opposite side of ∠A, then
1
AE ⊥ BC , then ∠DAE = ( ∠ABC − ∠ACB ) A
2
A

B D C

AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 − 2BD ⋅ BC ( ∠ B < 90° )

B E D C

Page 90 of 277
558 QUANTUM CAT
7. In an obtuse angle ∆ ABC , AD is perpendicular 10. Area of scalene triangle = s ( s − a ) ( s − b) ( s − c)
dropped on BC. BC is produced to D to meet AD, then
A
A

c b

90°
D B C B a C
AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 + 2 BD ⋅ BC ( ∠B > 90° ) abc
Also, A ( ∆ ) = r × s =
4R
8. In a right angle ∆ABC, ∠B = 90° and AC is
hypotenuse. The perpendicular BD is dropped on where a, b and c are the sides of the triangle.
a +b+c
hypotenuse AC from right angle vertex B, then s → semiperimeter = , r → inradius
2
A R → circumradius
D 11. Area of right angled triangle
A

B C
AB × BC AB 2
(i) BD = (ii) AD =
AC AC 90°
2 B C
BC 1 1
(iii) CD = = × base × height = × BC × AB (as per the figure)
AC 2 2
1 1 1
(iv) 2
= 2
+ 12. Area of an isosceles triangle =
b
4a 2 − b 2
BD AB BC 2 4
In a right angled triangle, the median to the A
1
hypotenuse = × hypotenuse
2
AC a a
i.e., BN = (as per the fig.)
2
D
A B C
b
AB = AC and ∠B = ∠C
N
∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD (AD → Angle bisector, median,
altitude and perpendicular bisector)
3 2
B C 13. Area of an equilateral triangle = a
9. Area of a triangle (General formula) 4
A
A

a a

D
B D C B C
a
1  1 1 3 3 2
A (∆) = × base × height  A ( ∆ ) = 2 BC × AD = 2 × a × 2 a = 4 a 
2 
1
A ( ∆ ) = × BC × AD (as per the figure.) (a → each side of the triangle)
2

Page 91 of 277
Geometry 559

AD → Altitude, median, angle bisector and 15. The ratio of areas of two triangles of equal heights is
perpendicular bisector also. equal to the ratio of their corresponding bases. i.e.,
1 side B Q
Inradius : × height = ,
3 2 3
OD → Inradius
A h h
A
A D C P S R

A ( ∆ABC ) AC
O =
O
D A ( ∆PQR ) PR
B C
16. The ratio of areas of triangles of equal bases is equal to
B D C
the ratio of their heights.
2 side R
Circumradius = × height = B
3 3
OA → Circumradius
h2
NOTE In equilateral triangle orthocentre centroid, incentre h1
and circumcentre coincide at the same point.
Circumradius = 2 × inradius
A D C P S Q
For the given perimeter of a triangle, the area of equilateral
triangle is maximum.
For the given area of a triangle, the perimeter of equilateral A ( ∆ABC ) BD
i.e., =
triangle is minimum. A ( ∆PQR ) RS
17. The ratio of the areas of two triangles is equal to the
14. In a right angled triangle
ratio of the products of base and its corresponding
AB + BC − AC
(i) Inradius ( r ) = height i.e.,
2 Q
Area B
(ii) Inradius ( r ) =
Semiperimeter
A
F

D O
A D C P S R

B E C
A ( ∆ABC ) AC × BD
=
DO = EO = FO ( r ) A ( ∆PQR ) PR × QS
AC  hypotenuse  18. If the two triangles have the same base and lie between
(iii) Circumradius ( R ) = = 
2  2  the same parallel lines (as shown in figure), then the
A area of two triangles will be equal.
C D
O

B C

A B
AO = CO = BO = ( R )
i.e., A ( ∆ABC ) = A ( ∆ADB )
AC is the diameter.

Page 92 of 277
560 QUANTUM CAT
19. In a triangle AE , CD and BF are the medians, then l The maximum area can be enclosed only when one of the
C vertices of the triangle coincides with one of the vertices
of the square and angle between the side of the triangle
F E and the side of the rectangle at the point of coincidence is
15°.
l Also, the side of the equilateral triangle is 6 − 2.
A D B
1
l Also, the area of ∆ADF = ∆ABE = (∆ECF ).
3 ( AB 2 + BC 2 + AC 2 ) = 4 (CD 2 + BF 2 + AE 2 ) 2
20. In an equilateral triangle, if O is a point anywhere Congruency of triangles
inside the equilateral triangle ABC, the sum of its
distances from three sides is equal to the length of the Two triangles are said to be congruent if they are equal in
altitude of the triangle. That is, as per the given all respects. i.e.,
A P
diagram, OP + OQ + OR = AD .
A

P
Q O
B C Q R

1. Each of the three sides of one triangle must be equal to

B C
R D the three respective sides of the other.
21. The largest possible area of an equilateral triangle 2. Each of the three angles of the one triangle must be
equal to the three respective angles of the other.
inscribed in a unit square is (2 3 − 3).
AB = PQ  ∠A = ∠P 
D F C  
i.e., AC = PR  and ∠B = ∠Q 
BC = QR  ∠C = ∠R 

15°
Tests for congruency
With the help of the following given tests, we can deduce
E without having detailed information about triangles that
whether the given two triangles are congruent or not.
15°
A B

Test Property Diagram

S−S−S (Side–Side–Side) A P
If the three sides of one triangle are equal to the corresponding three
sides of the other triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
AB ≅ PQ, AC ≅ PR, BC ≅ QR
∴ ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR B C Q R

S − A− S (Side–Angle–Side) A P
If two sides and the angle included between them are congruent to the
corresponding sides and the angle included between them, of the other
triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
AB ≅ PQ, ∠ABC ≅ ∠PQR, BC ≅ QR
B C Q R
∴ ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR

Page 93 of 277
Geometry 561

Test Property Diagram

A− S − A (Angle–Side–Angle) A P
If two angles and the included side of a triangle are congruent to the
corresponding angles and the included side of the other triangle, then the
two triangles are congruent.
∠ABC ≅ ∠PQR, BC ≅ QR, ∠ACB ≅ ∠PRQ
B C Q R
∴ ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR

A− A− S (Angle–Angle–Side) A P
If two angles and a side other than the included side of a one triangle are
congruent to the corresponding angles and a corresponding side other
than the included side of the other triangle, then the two triangles are
congruent.
B C Q R
∠ABC ≅ ∠PQR, ∠ACB ≅ ∠PRQ
and AC ≅ PR (or AB ≅ PQ)

R—H—S (Right angle–Hypotenuse–Side) A P

If the hypotenuse and one side of the right angled triangle are congruent
to the hypotenuse and a corresponding side of the other right angled
triangle, then the two given triangles are congruent.
AC ≅ PR, ∠B = ∠Q and BC ≅ QR B C Q R
∴ ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR

Similarity of triangles
Two triangles are said to be similar if the corresponding angles are congruent and their corresponding sides are in proportion.
The symbol for similarity is ‘~’. If ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR , then ∠ABC ≅ ∠ PQR, ∠BCA ≅ ∠QRP, ∠BAC ≅ ∠QPR
Tests for Similarity
Through the tests for similarity we can deduce the similarity of triangles with minimum required information.
Test Property/Definition Diagram
A− A Angle-Angle P
A
If the two angles of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding two
angles of the other triangle, then the two triangles are said to be similar.
∠ABC ≅ ∠ PQR
∠ACB ≅ ∠PRQ B C Q R
∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
S-A-S Side-Angle-Side A P
If the two sides of one triangle are proportional to the corresponding two
sides of the other triangle and the angle included by them are congruent,
AB BC
then the two triangles are similar. i.e., = and
PQ QR
B C Q R
∠ABC = ∠PQR
∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR. AB BC
= = K (K is any constant )
PQ QR
S-S-S Side-Side-Side A P
If the three sides of one triangle are proportional to the corresponding
three sides of the other triangle, then the two triangles are similar. i.e.,
AB BC AC
= =
PQ QR PR B C Q R
∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR AB BC AC
= = =K
PQ QR PR

NOTE When the corresponding sides are in proportion , then the corresponding angles are in proportion.

Page 94 of 277
562 QUANTUM CAT
Properties of Similar Triangles 2. Ratio of areas = Ratio of squares of corresponding sides.
If the two triangles are similar, then for the
i.e., if ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR , then
proportional/corresponding sides we have the
A ( ∆ABC ) ( AB ) 2 ( BC ) 2 ( AC ) 2
following results. = = =
A ( ∆PQR ) ( PQ ) 2 (QR ) 2 ( PR ) 2
P
A NOTE Rule 1 can also apply with rule 2.
3. In a right angled triangle, the triangles on each side of
D F S U the altitude drawn from the vertex of the right angle to
the hypotenuse are similar to the original triangle and
M N
B E Q
to each other too. i.e., ∆ BCA ~ ∆ BDC ~ ∆ CDA.
C T R
1. Ratio of sides = Ratio of heights (altitudes) B
= Ratio of medians
= Ratio of angle bisectors D
= Ratio of inradii
= Ratio of circumradii
C A

Introductory Exercise 12.2

1. In a triangle ABC, if AB, BC and AC are the three 5. In a ∆ABC, ∠BAC > 90 °, then ∠ABC and ∠ACB
sides of the triangle, then which of the statements is must be :
A
necessarily true?
(a) AB + BC < AC (b) AB + BC > AC
(c) AB + BC = AC (d) AB2 + BC2 = AC2
2. The sides of a triangle are 12 cm, 8 cm and 6 cm
respectively, the triangle is : B C
(a) acute (b) obtuse
(a) acute
(c) right (d) can’t be determined
(b) obtuse
3. If the sides of a triangle are produced then the sum (c) one acute and one obtuse
of the exterior angles i.e, (d) can’t be determined
∠DAB + ∠EBC + ∠FCA is equal to : 6. If the angles of a triangle are in the ratio 1 : 4 : 7 ,
F
C then the value of the largest angle is :
(a) 135°
(b) 84°
A E (c) 105°
B (d) none of the above
D
(a) 180° (b) 270° (c) 360° (d) 240° 7. In the adjoining figure ∠B = 70 ° and ∠C = 30 °. BO

4. In the given figure BC is produced to D and and CO are the angle bisectors of ∠ABC and ∠ACB.
∠BAC = 40 ° and ∠ABC = 70 °. Find the value of ∠ACD. Find the value of ∠BOC.
A A

B C D B C
(a) 30° (b) 40° (a) 30° (b) 40°
(c) 70° (d) 110° (c) 120° (d) 130°

Page 95 of 277
Geometry 563

(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 1 : 3 (d) 2 : 3

8. In the given diagram of ∆ABC, ∠B = 80 ° , ∠C = 30 ° . 15. In a ∆ABC, AB = AC and AD ⊥ BC , then :
BF and CF are the angle bisectors of ∠CBD and (a) AB < AD (b) AB > AD
∠BCE respectively. Find the value of ∠BFC. (c) AB = AD (d) AB ≤ AD
A
16. The difference between altitude and base of a right
angled triangle is 17 cm and its hypotenuse is
B C 25 cm. What is the sum of the base and altitude of
the triangle is :
D E (a) 24 cm (b) 31 cm
F
(c) 34 cm (d) can’t be determined
(a) 110° (b) 50° (c) 125° (d) 55° 17. If AB, BC and AC be the three sides of a triangle ABC,
9. In an equilateral triangle, the incentre, circumcentre, then which one of the following is true?
orthocentre and centroid are : (a) AB − BC = AC (b) (AB − BC ) > AC
(a) concylic (b) coincident (c) (AB −BA) < AC (d) AB2 − BC2 = AC2
(c) collinear (d) None of these 18. In the triangle ABC, side BC is produced to D.
10. In the adjoining figure, D is the midpoint of BC of a ∠ACD = 100 ° if BC = AC, then ∠ABC is :
A
∆ABC.DM and DN are the perpendiculars on AB and
AC respectively and DM = DN , then the ∆ABC is :
A

M N
B C D

B D C (a) 40°
(b) 50°
(a) right angled (b) isosceles (c) 80°
(c) equilateral (d) scalene (d) can’t be determined
11. In the adjoining figure of ∆ABC, A
19. In the adjoining figure D , E and F are the mid-points
AD is the perpendicular bisector of the sides BC , AC and AB respectively. ∆DEF is
of side BC. The triangle ABC is: congruent to triangle :
(a) right angled A
(b) isosceles B D C
(c) scalene
(d) equilateral F E

12. Triangle ABC is such that AB = 9 cm, BC = 6 cm,

B C
AC = 7.5 cm. Triangle DEF is similar to ∆ABC. If D
EF = 12 cm then DE is :
(a) 6 cm (b) 16 cm (c) 18 cm (d) 15 cm (a) ABC (b) AEF
(c) CDE , BFD (d) AFE , BFD and CDE
13. In ∆ABC, AB = 5 cm, AC = 7 cm. If AD is the angle
20. In the adjoining figure, ∠BAC = 60 ° and
bisector of ∠A. Then BD : CD is :
BC = a , AC = b and AB = c, then :
(a) 25 : 49 (b) 49 : 25 (c) 6 : 1 (d) 5 : 7 A
14. In a ∆ABC,D is the mid-point of BC and E is
60°
mid-point of AD, BF passes through E. What is the
ratio of AF : FC ? b c
A

F C a B

E
(a) a2 = b2 + c2
(b) a2 = b2 + c2 − bc
B D C (c) a2 = b2 + c2 + bc
(d) a2 = b2 + 2 bc

Page 96 of 277
564 QUANTUM CAT
21. In the adjoining figure of ∆ABC, ∠BCA = 120 ° and 28. If in a ∆ABC, ‘S’ is the circumcentre, then :
AB = c, BC = a , AC = b, then: (a) S is equidistant from all the vertices of a triangle
(b) S is equidistant from all the sides of a triangle
B (c) AS , BS and CS are the angular bisectors
(d) AS , BS and CS produced are the altitudes on the
opposite sides.
a c
29. If AD , BE , CF are the altitudes of ∆ABC whose
120° orthocentre is H, then C is the orthocentre of :
C b A (a) ∆ABH (b) ∆BDH
(a) c2 = a2 + b2 + ba (c) ∆ABD (d) ∆BEA
(b) c2 = a2 + b2 − ba 30. In a right angled ∆ABC, ∠C = 90 ° and CD is the
(c) c2 = a2 + b2 − 2 ba perpendicular on hypotenuse AB if BC = 15 cm and
(d) c2 = a2 + b2 + 2 ab AC = 20 cm, then CD is equal to :

22. In a right angled ∆ABC, ∠ C = 90 ° and CD is the C

perpendicular on the hypotenuse AB, AB = c,
BC = a , AC = b and CD = p, then :

B
A D B
D
(a) 18 cm (b) 12 cm
(c) 17.5 cm (d) can’t be determined
31. In an equilateral ∆ABC, if a , b and c denote the
C A
lengths of perpendiculars from A, B and C
p p 1 1 1
(a) = (b) 2
+ 2 = 2 respectively on the opposite sides, then :
a b p b a
(a) a > b > c (b) a > b < c
1 1 1
(c) p2 = b2 + c2 (d) = + (c) a = b = c (d) a = c ≠ b
p2 a2 b2
32. What is the ratio of side and height of an equilateral
23. If the medians of a triangle are equal, then the triangle?
triangle is : (a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 1
(a) right angled (b) isoscles (c) 2 : 3 (d) 3 : 2
(c) equilateral (d) scalene
33. The triangle is formed by joining the mid-points of
24. The incentre of a triangle is determined by the : the sides AB, BC and CA of ∆ABC and the area of
(a) medians ∆PQR is 6 cm2, then the area of ∆ABC is :
(b) angle bisector (a) 36 cm2 (b) 12 cm2
(c) perpendicular bisectors (c) 18 cm 2
(d) 24 cm2
(d) altitudes
34. One side other than the hypotenuse of right angle
25. The circumcentre of a triangle is determined by the :
isosceles triangle is 6 cm. The length of the perpen-
(a) altitudes
dicular on the hypotenuse from the opposite vertex is :
(b) median
(a) 6 cm (b) 6 2 cm
(c) perpendicular bisector
(c) 4 cm (d) 3 2 cm
(d) angle bisectors
35. Any two of the four triangles formed by joining the
26. The point of intersection of the angle bisectors of a
mid- points of the sides of a given triangle are :
triangle is :
(a) congruent
(a) orthocentre (b) centroid
(b) equal in area but not congruent
(c) incentre (d) circumcentre
(c) unequal in area and not congruent
27. A triangle PQR is formed by joining the mid-points of (d) None of the above
the sides of a triangle ABC. ‘O’ is the circumcentre of 36. The internal bisectors of ∠B and ∠C of ∆ABC meet at
∆ABC, then for ∆PQR, the point ‘O’ is : O. If ∠A = 80 ° then ∠BOC is :
(a) incentre (b) circumcentre (a) 50° (b) 160°
(c) orthocentre (d) centroid (c) 100° (d) 130°

Page 97 of 277
Geometry 565

37. The point in the plane of a triangle which is at equal 45. In right angled ∆ABC, ∠B = 90 °, if P and Q are points
perpendicular distance from the sides of the triangle on the sides AB and BC respectively, then :
is : A
(a) centroid (b) incentre
(c) circumcenre (d) orthocentre P
38. Incentre of a triangle lies in the interior of :
(a) an isosceles triangle only
C Q B
(b) a right angled triangle only
(c) any equilateral triangle only
(d) any triangle (a) AQ2 + CP2 = 2 (AC2 + PQ2 )
39. In a triangle PQR, PQ = 20 cm and PR = 6 cm, the (b) AQ2 + CP2 = AC2 + PQ2
1
side QR is : (c) (AQ2 + CP2 ) = (AC2 + PQ2 )
(a) equal to 14 cm 2
(b) less than 14 cm 1
(d) (AQ + CP ) = (AC + PQ)
(c) greater than 14 cm 2
(d) none of the above 46. If ABC is a right angled triangle at B and M , N are the
40. The four triangles formed by joining the pairs of mid- mid-points of AB and BC, then 4 (AN2 + CM2 ) is equal
points of the sides of a given triangle are congruent if to :
the given triangle is : (a) 4 AC2 (b) 6 AC2
(a) an isosceles triangle 5
(b) an equilateral triangle (c) 5 AC2 (d) AC2
4
(c) a right angled triangle
AB BC CA
(d) of any shape 47. If ∆ABC and ∆DEF are so related that = = ,
FD DE EF
41. O is orthocentre of a triangle PQR, which is formed by
then which of the following is true ?
joining the mid-points of the sides of a ∆ABC,O is : (a) ∠A = ∠F and ∠B = ∠D
(a) orthocentre (b) incentre (b) ∠C = ∠F and ∠A = ∠D
(c) circumcentre (d) centroid (c) ∠B = ∠F and ∠C = ∠D
42. In a ∆ABC, a line PQ parallel to BC cuts AB at P and (d) ∠A = ∠E and ∠B = ∠D
AC at Q. If BQ bisects ∠PQC, then which one of the 48. ABC is a right angle triangle at A and AD is
following relation is always true : BD
perpendicular to the hypotenuse. Then is equal
(a) BC = CQ (b) BC = BQ CD
(c) BC ≠ CQ (d) BC ≠ BQ to :
2 2
43. Which of the following is true, in the given figure,  AB   AB  AB AB
(a)   (b)   (c) (d)
where AD is the altitude to the hypotenuse of a right  AC   AD  AC AD
angled ∆ABC? 49. Let ABC be an equilateral triangle. Let BE ⊥ CA
(i) ∆CAD and ∆ ABD are similar meeting CA at E, then (AB2 + BC2 + CA2 ) is equal to :
(ii) ∆CDA and ∆ADB are congruent (a) 2 BE2 (b) 3 BE2 (c) 4 BE2 (d) 6 BE2
(iii) ∆ADB and ∆CAB are similar
50. If D , E and F are respectively the mid-points of sides
Select the correct answer using the codes given
BC,CA and AB of a ∆ABC. If EF = 3 cm, FD = 4 cm
below :
and AB = 10 cm, then DE , BC and CA respectively will
(a) 1 and 2
be equal to :
(b) 2 and 3
(a) 6, 8 and 20 cm (b) 4, 6 and 8 cm
(c) 1 and 3 10
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 5, 6 and 8 cm (d) , 9 and 12 cm
3
44. If D is such a point on the side BC of ∆ABC that
51. In the right angle triangle ∠ C = 90 °. AE and BD are
AB BD
= , then AD must be a/an :
AC CD two medians of a triangle ABC meeting at F. The
(a) altitude of ∆ABC ratio of the area of ∆ABF and the quadrilateral FDCE
(b) median of ∆ABC is :
(c) angle bisector of ∆ABC (a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
(d) perpendicular bisector of ∆ABC (c) 2 : 1 (d) 2 : 3

Page 98 of 277
566 QUANTUM CAT
52. ABC is a triangle and DE is drawn parallel to BC 57. In the given diagram XY || PQ. Find m ∠x° and m ∠y°.
cutting the other sides at D and E. If AB = 3.6 cm,
AC = 2.4 cm and AD = 2.1 cm, then AE is equal to : E
60°
(a) 1.4 cm (b) 1.8 cm X Y
A 35°
(c) 1.2 cm (d) 1.05 m x° D
53. Consider the following statements : 20°
y°
(1) If three sides of a triangle are equal to three P Q
B
F
sides of another triangle, then the triangles are
(a) 75° and 40° (b) 45°, 60°
congruent.
(c) 75°, 45° (d) 60° and 45°
(2) If three angles of a triangle are equal to three
58. In the adjoining figure m ∠CAB = 62 °, m ∠CBA = 76 °
angles of another triangle respectively, then the
two triangles are congruent. Out of these m ∠ADE = 58 ° and ∠DFG = 66 °,
statements :
A F
(a) 1 is correct and 2 is false
(b) both 1and 2 are false 62°
66°
(c) both 1 and 2 are correct
(d) 1 is false and 2 is correct 76°
B C E G
54. In the figure ∆ABE is an equilateral triangle in a
58°
square ABCD. Find the value of angle x in degrees :
D
D C Find m ∠FGE.
E
(a) 44° (b) 34°
O (c) 36° (d) none of these
x° 59. In the given figure CE ⊥ AB, m ∠ACE = 20 ° and
m ∠ABD = 50 °. Find m ∠BDA.
A B
(a) 60° (b) 45° (c) 75° (d) 90° B

55. In the given diagram MN || PR and m ∠LBN = 70 °,

50°
AB = BC. Find m ∠ABC :
E
L 90°
B 70°
M N 20°
A D C
(a) 50° (b) 60°
P A C R (c) 70° (d) 80°
(a) 40° (b) 30° 60. In the ∆ABC, BD bisects ∠B, and is perpendicular to
(c) 35° (d) 55° AC. If the lengths of the sides of the triangle are
56. In the given diagram, equilateral triangle EDC expressed in terms of x and y as shown,find the value
surmounts square ABCD. Find the m ∠BED of x and y.
represented by x where m ∠EBC = α °.
B
E

x° 2x 3y + 8
D C
M
a° 90°
A B A x D 2y C
(a) 45° (b) 60° (a) 6, 12 (b) 10, 12
(c) 30° (d) none of these (c) 16, 8 (d) 8, 15

Page 99 of 277
Geometry 567

61. In the following figure ADBC. BD = CD = AC, 66. In the given figure, AB, PQ and CD are perpendiculars
m ∠ABC = 27 ° , m ∠ACD = y. Find the value of y. on the line segment BD. If AB = x, CD = y and BD = z ,
A find the length of PQ.
C

D
A
P
y°
27°
B C
B Q D

(a) 27° (b) 54° 3xyz x+ y xy x+ y+ z

(c) 72° (d) 58° (a) (b) (c) (d)
x+ y+ z z x+ y xyz
62. ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC. Side BA is
produced to D such that AB = AD. Find m ∠BCD. 67. In the adjoining figure the angle BAC and ∠ADB are
(a) 60° (b) 90° right angles. BA = 5 cm, AD = 3 cm and BD = 4 cm,
(c) 120° (d) can’t be determined what is the length of DC ?
A
63. In ∆ABC, AC = 5 cm. Calculate the length of AE where
DE || BC. Given that AD = 3 cm and BD = 7 cm.
A 5 3

D E B 4 D C

(a) 2.5 (b) 3 (c) 2.25 (d) 2

B C 68. The areas of the similar triangles are in the ratio of
25 : 36. What is the ratio of their respective heights?
(a) 2 cm (b) 1 cm (c) 1.5 cm (d) 2.5 cm
(a) 5 : 6 (b) 6 : 5 (c) 1 : 11 (d) 2 : 3
64. In ∆PQR, AP = 2 2 cm, AQ = 3 2 cm and PR = 10
69. In the given diagram AB || CD, then which one of the
cm, AB || QR. Find the length of BR.
following is true ?
P D C

2 2cm
O

A B
3 2cm A B

Q R AB AO AB BO
(a) = (b) =
CD OC CD OD
(a) 6 2 cm (b) 6 cm (c) ∆AOB ~ ∆COD (d) All of these
(c) 5 2 cm (d) none of these
70. The bisector of the exterior ∠A of ∆ABC intersects the
65. In the adjoining figure (not drawn to scale) AB, EF side BC produced to D. Here CF is parallel to AD.
and CD are parallel lines. Given that EG = 5 cm, Which one of the following is correct?
GC = 10 cm and DC = 18 cm. Calculate AC, M
if AB = 15 cm. A
x
A
D x
D F
y
E

z
G
B C D E
B F C
AB BD AB CD
(a) = (b) =
(a) 21 cm (b) 25 cm AC CD AC BD
(c) 18 cm (d) 28 cm AB BC
(c) = (d) none of these
AC CD

Page 100 of 277

568 QUANTUM CAT
71. The diagonal BD of a quadrilateral ABCD bisects ∠B 76. ABC is a triangle in which ∠A = 90 ° .
and ∠D, then : AN ⊥ BC , AC = 12 cm and AB = 5 cm. Find the ratio
C of the areas of ∆ANC and ∆ANB.
D (a) 125 : 44 (b) 25 : 144
x
x (c) 144 : 25 (d) 12 : 5
E 77. A vertical stick 15 cm long casts it shadow 10 cm
long on the ground. At the same time a flag pole
y
y casts a shadow 60 cm long. Find the height of the
A
B flag pole.
AB AD AB AD (a) 40 cm (b) 45 cm
(a) = (b) =
CD BC BC CD (c) 90 cm (d) none of these
(c) AB = AD × BC (d) none of these is true
78. Vertical angles of two isoceles triangles are equal.
72. Two right triangles ABC and DBC are drawn on the Then corresponding altitudes are in the ratio 4 : 9.
same hypotenuse BC on the same side of BC. If AC Find the ratio of their areas :
and DB intersects at P, then : (a) 16 : 49 (b) 16 : 81
D (c) 16 : 65 (d) none of these
79. In the figure ∆ACB ~ ∆APQ. If BC = 8 cm, PQ = 4 cm,
A
AP = 2.8 cm, find CA :
P
B

P
B C A
AP BP
(a) = (b) AP × DP = PC × BP
PC DP C Q
(c) AP × PC = BP × DP (d) AP × BP = PC × PD (a) 8 cm (b) 6.5 cm
73. A man goes 150 m due east and then 200 m due (c) 5.6 cm (d) none of these
north. How far is he from the starting point? 80. In the figure BC|| AD. Find the value of x.
(a) 200 m (b) 350 m
(c) 250 m (d) 175 m A D
3 5
74. From a point O in the interior of a ∆ABC x–
perpendiculars OD, OE and OF are drawn to the sides 19
O x–
BC , CA and AB respectively, then which one of the 3x – 3
following is true ?
B C
(a) AF 2 + BD2 + CE2 = AE2 + CD2 + BF 2 (a) 9, 10 (b) 7, 8 (c) 10, 12 (d) 8, 9
(b) AB2 + BC2 = AC2
81. In an equilateral triangle of side 2a, calculate the
(c) AF 2 + BD2 + CE2 = OA2 + OB2 + OC2
(d) AF 2 + BD2 + CE2 = OD2 + OE2 + OF 2 length of its altitude.
(a) 2 a 3 (b) a 3
75. In an equilateral triangle ABC, the side BC is
3
trisected at D. Find the value of AD2 : (c) a (d) none of these
2
A 82. In figure AD is the bisector of ∠BAC. If BD = 2 cm,
CD = 3 cm and AB = 5 cm. Find AC :
A

B D E C
9 7
(a) AB2 (b) AB2
7 9 B D C
3 4 (a) 6 cm (b) 7.5 cm
(c) AB2 (d) AB2
4 5 (c) 10 cm (d) 15 cm

Page 101 of 277

Geometry 569

83. In the figure AB || QR. Find the length of PB. 88. In a ∆ABC, AB = 10 cm, BC = 12 cm and AC = 14 cm.
P Find the length of median AD. If G is the centroid,
find length of GA.
A B 5 5
3 cm 6 cm
(a) 7, 7 (b) 5 7 , 4 7
3 9
10 8 8
(c) , 7 (d) 4 7, 7
3 3 3
Q 9 cm R 89. ∆ ABC is a right angled at A and AD is the altitude to

(a) 2 cm (b) 3 cm (c) 2.5 cm (d) 4 cm BC. If AB = 7 cm and AC = 24 cm. Find the ratio of AD
is to AM if M is the mid–point of BC.
84. In the figure QA and PB are perpendicular to AB. If
(a) 25 : 41 (b) 32 : 41
AO = 10 cm, BO = 6 cm and PB = 9 cm. Find AQ. (c) 336/625 (d) 625/336
P
90. Area of ∆ABC = 30 cm2. D and E are the mid-points of
A O B BC and AB respectively. Find A (∆BDE ).
(a) 10 cm2 (b) 7.5 cm2
(c) 15 cm2 (d) none of these
91. The three sides of a triangle are given which one of
Q the following is not a right angle?
(a) 20, 21, 29 (b) 16, 63, 65
(a) 8 cm (b) 9 cm (c) 15 cm (d) 12 cm (c) 56, 90, 106 (d) 36, 35, 74
85. In the given figure AB = 12 cm, AC = 15 cm and 92. In the following figure, AD is the external bisector of
AD = 6 cm. BC || DE , find the length of AE. ∠EAC, and it intersects BC produced to D.
B If AB = 12 cm, AC = 8 cm and BC = 4 cm, find CD.
E E
A
A

(a) 6 cm (b) 7.5 cm (c) 9 cm (d) 10 cm

86. In the figure, ABC is a triangle in A B C D
which AB = AC. A circle through B
touches AC at D and intersects AB P (a) 10 cm (b) 6 cm
at P. If D is the mid-point of AC, D (c) 8 cm (d) 9 cm
Find the value of AB : 93. In ∆ABC, AB2 + AC2 = 2500 cm2 and median AD = 25
(a) 2AP cm, Find BC.
B C
(b) 3AP (a) 25 cm
(c) 4AP (b) 40 cm
(d) none of the above (c) 50 cm
87. In figure, ABC is a right angled triangle, right angled (d) 48 cm
at B. AD and CE are the two medians drawn from A 94. In the given figure, AB = BC and ∠BAC = 15 °, AB = 10
and C respectively. If AC = 5 cm and AD = 3 5 /2 cm, cm. Find the area of ∆ABC.
find the length of CE. A
A

D B C
B D C
(a) 50 cm2 (b) 40 cm2
(a) 2 5 cm (b) 2.5 cm (c) 5 cm (d) 4 2 cm (c) 25 cm2 (d) 32 cm2

Page 102 of 277

570 QUANTUM CAT
95. In ABC,G is the centroid, AB = 15 cm, BC = 18 cm 100. What is the ratio of inradius to the circumradius of a
and AC = 25 cm. Find GD, where D is the mid–point of right angled triangle?
BC. (a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 2
1 2 (c) 2 : 5 (d) can’t be determined
(a) 86 cm (b) 86 cm
3 3 101. In a ∆ABC, AC = BC. Point D lies on BC such that
(c)
8
15 cm (d) none of the above CD = AD = AB. Find ∠ACB.
3 (a) 18° (b) 30°
DE 2 (c) 36° (d) 48°
96. In the given figure , if = and if AE = 10 cm.
BC 3 102. In ∆ABC, AD is the angle bisector of AB and a median
Find AB. to BC. If AC = 15 cm, find AB.
A (a) 12 cm (b) 18 cm
(c) 15 cm (d) can’t be determined
(∠BAC ) 1
103. In a ∆ABC , = and AC = 4 cm, BC = 6 cm.
(∠ACB) 2
E Find AB.
D 105° (a) 6 (b) 10
(c) 9 (d) none of these
75° 65° 104. In a ∆ABC, BD is the angle bisector of ∠ABC and E is
B C a point on AB such that ED = AD and
(a) 16 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 15 cm (d) 18 cm (BD ) (BC ) (BE ) (AB)
= .
97. Find the maximum area that can be enclosed in a CD AE
triangle of perimeter 24 cm. If ∠A + ∠C = 66 ° , what is the value of ∠A − ∠C ?
(a) 32 cm2 (a) 10° (b) 22°
(b) 16 3 cm2 (c) 12° (d) 20°
(c) 16 2 cm2 105. Find the area of an isosceles triangle ABC in which
(d) 27 cm2 ∠ABC = 120 ° and each of the smaller side is 1 unit.
98. In the figure AD = 12 cm, AB = 20 cm and AE = 10 3 3 3 3
(a) (b) (c) 2 3 (d)
cm. Find EC. 4 2 10
A 106. If O is the incentre of a triangle ABC and
∠AOC = 124 °, find the ∠ABC.
(a) 56 (b) 112
E (c) 68 (d) can’t be determined
D
123° 107. The following diagram depicts the right angle
triangle ABC, where line segments AD and CE are the
57° medians intersecting at a point F. Find the ratio of
B C the area of ∆AEF to that of quadrilateral BEFD.
(a) 14 cm (b) 10 cm
(c) 8 cm (d) 15 cm A
99. In the given figure, BC = AC = AD, ∠EAD = 81°. Find
the value of x.
E
A E
81° F

B D C
x (a) 2 : 3 (b) 4 : 9
B C D (c) 1 : 2 (d) none of these
(a) 45° (b) 54° (c) 63° (d) 36°

Page 103 of 277

Geometry 571

8. Each diagonal divides a parallelogram into two

12.4 Quadrilaterals congruent triangles.
A four sided closed figure is called a quadrilateral. It is 9. Lines joining the mid-points of the adjacent sides of a
denoted by symbol ‘ ’. quadrilateral form a parallelogram.
Properties 10. Lines joining the mid-points of of the adjacent sides of a
1. Sum of four interior angles is 360°. parallelogram is a parallelogram.
2. The figure formed by joining the mid-points of a 11. The parallelogram that is inscribed in a circle is a
quadrilateral is a parallelogram. rectangle.
A 12. The parallelogram that is circumscribed about a circle is
D a rhombus.
F
13. (a) Area of a parallelogram = base × height
E (b) Area of parallelogram
= product of any two adjacent sides
C B
× sine of the included angles.
3. The sum of opposite sides of a quadrilateral = AB × AD × sin θ
circumscribed about a circle, is always equal. 14. Perimeter of a parallelogram = 2 (sum of any two
1 adjacent sides)
4. Area of quadrilateral = × one of the diagonals × sum of
2 15. ( AC ) 2 + ( BD ) 2 = ( AB ) 2 + ( BC ) 2 + (CD ) 2 + ( AD ) 2
the perpendiculars drawn to the diagonals from the
1 = 2 ( AB 2 + BC 2 )
opposite vertices. i.e., A ( ABCD ) = × AC × ( DE + BF )
2 16. Parallelogram that lie on the same base and between the
same parallel lines are equal in area.
Types of Quadrilaterals 17. Area of a triangle is half of the area of a parallelogram
Parallelogram which lie on the same base and between the same
A quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel. parallel lines.
Properties 18. A parallelogram is a rectangle if its diagonals are equal.
1. The opposite sides are parallel and equal. Rectangle
D C A parallelogram in which all the four angles at vertices are
right (i.e., 90°), is called a rectangle.
Properties
1. Opposite sides are parallel and equal.
A B 2. Opposite angles are equal and of 90°.
2. Opposite angles are equal. D C

3. Sum of any two adjacent angles is 180°.

4. Diagonals bisect each other.
D C
A B
3. Diagonals are equal and bisect each other, but not
h
necessarily at right angles.
θ 4. When a rectangle is inscribed in a circle, the diameter of
A E B
the circle is equal to the diagonal of the rectangle.
5. Diagonals need not be equal in length. 5. For the given perimeter of rectangles, a square has
6. Diagonals need not bisect at right angle. maximum area.
7. Diagonals need not bisect angles at the vertices. 6. The figure formed by joining the mid-points of the
adjacent sides of a rectangle is a rhombus.

Page 104 of 277

572 QUANTUM CAT
7. The quadrilateral formed by joining the mid-points of (b) Area of a rhombus = Product of adjacent sides
intersection of the angle bisectors of a parallelogram is a × sine of the included angle.
rectangle.
8. Every rectangle is a parallelogram. Square
9. Area of a rectangle = length × breadth ( = l × b) A rectangle whose all sides are equal or a rhombus whose
all angles are equal is called a square. Thus each square is a
D C
parallelogram, a rectangle and a rhombus.
Properties
b 1. All side are equal and parallel.
2. All angles are right angles.
A l B 3. Diagonals are equal and bisect each other at right angle.
10. Diagonals of a rectangle = l + b 2 2 D C

11. Perimeter of a rectangle = 2 ( l + b)

l → length and b → breadth
Rhombus
A parallelogram in which all sides are equal, is called a B
A
rhombus.
Properties 4. Diagonal of an inscribed square is equal to diameter of
1. Opposite sides are parallel and equal. the inscribing circle.
2. Opposite angles are equal. 5. Side of a circumscribed square is equal to the diameter
3. Diagonals bisect each other at right angle, but they are of the inscribed circle.
not necessarily equal. D C
D C
D C

O E F
90°

O A B
A B

A B
6. The figure formed by joining the mid-points of the
4. Diagonals bisect the vertex angles. adjacent sides of a square is a square.
5. Sum of any two adjacent angles is 180°. (diagonal) 2 d 2
D a C
7. Area = (side) 2 = a 2 = =
2 2

d1 D a C
a
a

d2
a d a
A a B

6. Figure formed by joining the mid-points of the adjacent

A a B
sides of a rhombus is a rectangle.
7. A parallelogram is a rhombus if its diagonals are
8. Diagonal = side 2 = a 2
perpendicular to each other.
1 9. Perimeter = 4 × side = 4a
8. (a) Area of a rhombus = × product of diagonals
2 Trapezium
1
= × d1 × d 2 A quadrilateral whose only one pair of sides is parallel and
2 other two sides are not parallel.

Page 105 of 277

Geometry 573

Properties 9. In a trapezium ABCD, as shown in the diagram, where

1. The line joining the mid-points of the oblique AB is parallel to CD and the diagonals AC and BD
(non-parallel) sides is half the sum of the parallel sides intersect each other at O, and if the total area of the
and is called the median. trapezium is A, we have
D C (i) A = α + β
(ii) γ = δ = α ⋅ β
E F C
D
α

γ δ
A B

1 β
(i.e., Median = × sum of parallel sides
2
A B
1
= × ( AB + DC ) = EF )
2
Kite
2. If the non-parallel sides are equal then the diagonals will In a kite two pairs of adjacent sides are equal.
also be equal to each other.
B
3. Diagonals intersect each other proportionally in the
ratio of lengths of parallel sides.
4. By joining the mid-points of adjacent sides of a
trapezium four similar triangles are obtained. A C
O
5. If a trapezium is inscribed in a circle, then it is an
isosceles trapezium with equal oblique sides.
1
6. Area of trapezium = × (sum of parallel sides × height)
2
1
= × ( AB + CD ) × h
2 D
7. AC 2 + BD 2 = BC 2 + AD 2 + 2 AB ⋅ CD
Properties
D C
1. AB = BC and AD = CD
2. Diagonals, AC and BD, are the perpendicular bisectors.
h 3. Longer diagonal ( BD ) bisects the shorter diagonal
( AC ).
4. Longer diagonal ( BD ) is the angle bisector of the pair of
A M B
opposite angles.
8. If a line segment EF , which is parallel to the two parallel 1
sides of a trapezium ABCD, passes through a point O, 5. Area of kite = × product of diagonals
2
which is the point of intersection of the two diagonals
AC and BD, where point E lies on AD and point F lies = inradius × semi-perimeter
on BC, we have 6. A kite is symmetrical about the longer diagonal BD.
2( AB )(CD )
(i) Point O bisects the line EF . (ii) EF = 7. The longer diagonal (BD) divides the kite into two
AB + CD congruent triangles ABD and CBD.
D C 8. The shorter diagonal divides the kite into two isosceles
triangles ABC and ADC.
E F
O 9. The kites are exactly the quadrilaterals that are both
tangential and orthodiagonal.
10. A kite can always inscribe an incircle and the incentre is
A B the intersection of the angular bisectors of kite.

Page 106 of 277

574 QUANTUM CAT
11. The inradius of the incircle Condition for a Tangential Quadrilateral to
Area of kite Become a Kite
r=
semiperimeter of kite A tangential quadrilateral is a kite if and only if any one of
12. If a kite is equilateral, it must be a rhombus. the following conditions is/are true :
13. If a kite is equiangular, it must be equilateral and thus it (i) The diagonals are perpendicular.
is a square. (ii) The area is one half the product of the diagonals.
14. The kites that are also cyclic quadrilaterals are exactly (iii) The two line segments connecting opposite points
the ones formed from two congruent right triangles. of tangency have equal length.
That is, for these kites the two equal angles on opposite (iv) One pair of opposite tangent lengths has equal
sides of the axis of symmetry are each 90 degrees. These length.
shapes are called right kites and they are in fact (v) The bi-medians have equal length.
bi-centric quadrilaterals. (vi) The products of opposite sides are equal.
B (vii) The center of the incircle lies on a line of symmetry
that is also a diagonal.
(viii) If the diagonals in a tangential quadrilateral ABCD
A C
intersect at P, and the incircles in triangles
O ABP , BCP , CDP , DAP have radii r1 , r2 , r3 and r4 ,
respectively, then the quadrilateral is a kite if and
P
only if r1 + r3 = r2 + r4 .
D

D r4

In the above diagram, points A, B , C , D are concyclic, r3

so the quadrilateral ABCD is a concyclic one and the A P C
r2
centre of the larger circle is P. And the two congruent
right triangles are ∆BAD and ∆BCD. The centre of r1
inscribed circle (smaller one) is O. Since the kite has two
centers – incentre and circumcentre, that’s why a right
B
kite is bi-centric kite.
15. There are only eight polygons that can tile the plane in (ix) If the excircles to the same four triangles opposite
such a way that reflecting any tile across any one of its the vertex P have radii R1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 ,
edges produces another tile; one of them is a right kite, respectively, the quadrilateral is a kite if and only if
with 60°, 90°, and 120° angles. R1 + R 3 = R 2 + R 4 .

Introductory Exercise 12.3

1. The measures of the angles of a quadrilateral taken 3. ABCD is a parallelogram, P and Q are the points on
in order are proportional to 1 : 2 : 3 : 4, then the the diagonal AC such that AP = QC , then
quadrilateral is : quadrilateral BPDQ is a :
(a) parallelogram (b) trapezium (a) trapezium (b) parallelogram
(c) rectangle (d) rhombus (c) square (d) none of these
2. Find the measure of largest angle of a quadrilateral if 4. In a parallelogram ABCD, bisectors of consecutive
the measures of its interior angles are in the ratio of angles A and B intersect at P. Find the measure of
3 : 4 : 5 : 6. ∠APB :
(a) 60° (b) 120° (a) 90° (b) 60°
(c) 90° (d) can’t be determined (c) 120° (d) data insufficient

Page 107 of 277

Geometry 575

5. AB and CD are two parallel lines and a transversal PQ 12. If ABCD is a parallelogram in which P and Q are the
intersects AB and CD at M and N respectively. The centroids of ∆ABD and ∆BCD, then PQ equals :
bisector of the interior angles form a quadrilateral : (a) AQ (b) AP (c) BP (d) DQ
P 13. Two parallelograms stand on equal bases and
between the same parallels. The ratio of their areas
A B
M is :
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 3 (d) 1 : 2

N
14. If a rectangle and a parallelogram are equal in area
C D and have the same base and are situated on the
same side, then the ratio of perimeter of rectangle
Q
and that of parallelogram is k, then k is :
(a) rectangle (b) square (a) k > 1 (b) k < 1
(c) parallelogram (d) none of these (c) k = 1 (d) can’t be determined
6. In the given figure AE = BC and AE || BC and the 15. If area of a parallelogram with sides l and b is A and
three sides AB, CD and ED are equal in length. If that of a rectangle with sides l and b is B, then :
m ∠A = 102 °, find measures of ∠BCD. (a) A < B (b) A = B
(c) A > B (d) none of these
A
E 16. ABCD is a parallelogram and M is the mid-point of
102°
BC. AB and DM are produced to meet at N, then :
(a) AN = 3 AB (b) AN = 2 AB
3
(c) AN = AB
2 2
(d) AN2 = 2 AB 2
2
D
B C 17. In a rectangle ABCD, P ,Q are the mid-points of BC
(a) 138° (b) 162° and AD respectively and R is any point on PQ, then
(c) 88° (d) none of these ∆ARB equals :
1 1
7. ABCD is a square, A is joined to a point P on BC and (a) ( ABCD) (b) ( ABCD)
2 3
D is joined to a point Q on AB. If AP = DQ and AP
1
intersects DQ at R then, ∠DRP is : (c) ( ABCD) (d) none of these
4
(a) 60° (b) 120°
(c) 90° (d) can’t be determined 18. Diagonals of a parallelogram are 8 m and 6 m
respectively. If one of side is 5m, then the area of
8. A point X inside a rectangle PQRS is joined to the
parallelogram is :
vertices then, which of the following is true : (a) 18 m2 (b) 30 m2
(a) A (∆PSX ) = A (∆RXQ) (c) 24 m2 (d) 48 m2
(b) A (∆PSX ) + A (∆PXQ) = A (∆RSX ) + A (∆RQX )
19. In the given figure AD = 15 cm, AB = 20 cm and
(c) A (∆PXS ) + A (∆RXQ) = A (∆SRX ) + A (∆PXQ)
(d) None of the above BC = CD = 25 cm. Find the area of ABCD.

9. ABCD is a parallelogram and m ∠DAB = 30 °, D

25 cm
C
BC = 20 cm and AB = 20 cm. Find the area of
parallelogram :
(a) 150 cm2 (b) 200 cm2 15 cm
2 25 cm
(c) 400 cm (d) 260 cm2
10. The length of a side of a rhombus is 10 m and one of
its diagonal is 12 m. The length of the other diagonal
is : A B
20 cm
(a) 15 m (b) 18 m 25
(c) 16 m (d) can’t be determined (a) (24 + 25 3 ) cm2
4
11. ABCD is a parallelogram and BD is a diagonal. (b) 24 (25 + 24 3 ) cm2
∠BAD = 65 ° and ∠DBC = 45 °,then m ∠BDC is : 25
(c) (24 + 25 3 ) cm2
(a) 65° (b) 70° 2
(c) 20° (d) none of these (d) none of the above

Page 108 of 277

576 QUANTUM CAT
20. In the trapezium ABCD, ∠BAE = 30 ° , ∠CDF = 45 °. 25. ABCD is a parallelogram. The diagonals AC and BD
BC = 6 cm and AB = 12 cm. Find the area of intersect at a point O. If E , F , G and H are the
trapezium. mid-points of AO, DO, CO and BO respectively, then
6 the ratio of (EF + FG + GH + HE ) to
B C
(AD + DC + CB + BA) is :
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
12
(c) 1 : 3 (d) 1 : 4
26. If ABCD is a rhombus, then :
30° 45° (a) AC2 + BD2 = 4 AB2
A D
E F (b) AC2 + BD2 = AB2
(a) 18 (3 + 3 ) cm2 (c) AC2 + BD2 = 2 AB2
(b) 36 3 cm2 (d) 2 (AC2 + BD2 ) = 3 AB2
(c) 12 (3 + 2 3 ) cm2 27. If P is a point within a rectangle ABCD, then :
(d) none of the above (a) AP2 + PC2 = BP2 + PD2
21. Area of quadrilateral ACDE is 36 cm2, B is the (b) AP2 + BP2 = PC2 + PD2
mid–point of AC. Find the area of ∆ABE if AC || DE (c) AP + PC = BP + PD
and BE ||DC. (d) AP × PC = BP × PD
E D 28. ABCD is a parallelogram, AB = 14 cm,
BC = 18 cm and AC = 16 cm. Find the length of the
other diagonal.
(a) 24 cm (b) 28 cm
(c) 36 cm (d) 32 cm
29. In a trapezium ABCD, where AB || CD and diagonal
A B C
AC intersects the other diagonal BC at O. Which of
(a) 10 cm2 (b) 9 cm2 the followings are always correct?
(c) 12 cm2 (d) can’t be determined DO CO DO AO
(i) = (ii) =
22. A square and a rhombus have the same base and the AO BO OC OB
rhombus is inclined at 30°. What is the ratio of area DO CO
of the square to the area of the rhombus? (iii) =
OB OA
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 2 : 1
(a) only (i) and (ii)
(c) 1 : 1 (d) 2 : 3
(b) only (ii) and (iii)
23. Find the area of a quadrilateral with sides 17, 25, 30 (c) only (i) and (iii)
and 28 cm and one of its diagonal is 26 cm. (d) only (iii)
(a) 450 cm2 (b) 360 cm2
2 30. In a trapezium ABCD, where AB || CD and diagonals
(c) 540 cm (d) 720 cm2
AC intersects the other diagonal BC at O. If a line
24. PQRS is a parallelogram in which segment EF parallel to AB and CD passes through the
∠P = 70 ° , ∠Q = 90 ° and ∠R = 100 °. How many point O, where E lies on AD and F lies on BC, find the
points in the plane of the quadrilateral are there length of EF, provided AB = 6 cm and CD = 2 cm.
such that a point is equidistant from its vertices ? (a) 3 cm (b) 4 cm
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 4.5 cm (d) none of these
(c) 2 (d) 3

Page 109 of 277

Geometry 577

12.5 Polygons
When three or more than three line segments are joined end
to end on the same plane they form the closed area in
various shapes. These shapes are called the polygons. Rectilinear Polygon
Essentially, polygons are 2-dimensional plane figures. A polygon whose sides meet at right angles, i.e., all its
Look at the following figures to get the better picture of the interior angles are 90° or 270°.
shapes of polygons.

Equiangular Polygon
A polygon in which all its interior angles are equal is known
as equiangular polygon.

A polygon gets its name on the basis of the number of sides

that it has. For example, a triangle has three sides, a
quadrilateral has 4 sides, a pentagon has 5 sides, and so on.
Types of Polygon Equilateral Polygon
Simple Polygon A polygon in which all sides
(or edges) are of the same length.
A polygon in which no more than two line segments meet at
any vertex. In other words, the sides of the polygon do not
self-intersect each other.

Complex Polygon
A polygon in which more than two line segments meet at
any vertex. In other words the sides of the polygon Tangential Polygon
self-intersect each other. A complex polygon is neither A polygon whose all sides are tangent to an inscribed circle.
convex nor concave.

Convex Polygon
Cyclic Polygon
A polygon in which each of its interior angle is less than
A polygon whose all the vertices lie on the circle.
180° is known as a convex polygon. A polygon is convex if
and only if any line containing a side of the polygon doesn’t
contain a point in the interior of the polygon.

Regular Polygon
A polygon is regular if it is both cyclic and equilateral.
Concave Polygon
l
A regular polygon has all its sides equal and all its
A polygon in which even if one interior angle is greater than
interior angles equal.
180° is known as a concave polygon.

Page 110 of 277

578 QUANTUM CAT
l
A regular polygon has an incircle and a circumcircle. Exterior Angle
That is every regular polygon is tangential and cyclic Angle formed by two adjacent sides outside the polygon.
polygon.
3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12

Sum of all exterior angles of a regular polygon = 360°

(always constant)
360°
Each exterior angle of a regular polygon =
n
Irregular Polygon Each exterior angle of a regular polygon
A polygon which is not a regular one is known as an = (180° − interior angle)
irregular polygon.
Central Angle
l
If all the sides of a polygon are not equal, it’s an
irregular polygon. The angle at the center of the polygon formed by two radii,
connected independently to the two adjacent vertices, is
l
If all the interior angles of a polygon are not equal, it’s
known as the central angle.
an irregular polygon.

72°

2π 360°
Each Central Angle = =
n n
The following table shows some angles of the various
Basics of a Polygon regular polygons.
Interior Angle Sum of Each Each
Number Each Interior
Angle formed by two adjacent sides inside the polygon is of Sides
Polygon all the
Angle
Exterior Central
known as interior angle. Angles Angle Angle
3 Triangle 180° 60° 120° 120°
4 Quadrilateral 360° 90° 90° 90°
5 Pentagon 540° 108° 72° 72°
6 Hexagon 720° 120° 60° 60°
° ° °
7 Heptagon 900° 128 4   51 3   51 3 
     
 7  7  7
Sum of all the interior angles of a regular polygon
= ( n − 2) × 180° 8 Octagon 1080° 135° 45° 45°
9 Nonagon 1260° 140° 40° 40°
Each interior angle of a regular polygon
10 Decagon 1440° 144° 36° 36°
( n − 2) × 180°
= … … … … … …
n
… … … … … …
Each interior angle of a regular polygon
n n-gon (n − 2)180° (n − 2) × 180° 360° 360°
= (180° − exterior angle) n n n

Page 111 of 277

Geometry 579

In a polygon, Interior angle + Exterior angle = 180° When n is even : The longest diagonal
= 2 × radius of the polygon
s
When n is odd : The longest diagonal =
 90  °
2 sin  
108° 72°  n
Where s denotes the length of each side and n denotes the
Diagonal number of sides in the regular polygon. And radius means
The line segments joining any two non-adjacent vertices are circumradius.
known as diagonals.

n=6 n=7

The number of diagonals in a polygon Apothem (or Inradius)

n( n − 3) It is the radius of the incircle of the regular polygon.
= nC2 − n = ; for n ≥ 3
2 Apothem is perpendicular bisector of the side of the
polygon.
Number of Sides Polygon Number of diagonals
3 Triangle 0
4 Quadrilateral 2
5 Pentagon 5
6 Hexagon 9 a

7 Heptagon 14
8 Octagon 20 1 π
Apothem of a regular polygon = × s × cot  
9 Nonagon 27 2  n
10 Decagon 35 π
= r cos  
… … …  n
… … …
(Where, s and r are the side and radius of the regular
n n-gon n(n − 3)
polygon.)
2
Radius (or Circumradius)
3 4 5 6 7
It is the radius of the circumcircle of the regular polygon.

8 9 10 11 12 r a

1 π π
Radius of a polygon = × s × cosec   = a sec  
2  n  n
Longest Diagonal of a Regular Polygon Where, s and a are the side and apothem of a regular
There are two different cases. polygon.
One when there is even number of sides in a polygon and Sagitta
the other one when there is odd number of sides in a The perpendicular distance h from an arc’s midpoint to the
polygon. chord across it, equal to the radius r minus the apothem a.

Page 112 of 277

580 QUANTUM CAT
That is h = r − a 1 π
l
Area of a regular polygon = × n × s 2 cot  
4  n
π
l
Area of a regular polygon = n × a 2 × tan  
r a  n
1  2π 
h l
Area of a regular polygon = × n × r 2 × sin  
2  n
Interior Point
For a regular n-gon (polygon of n-sides), the sum of the Regular Polygram (or Star Polygon)
perpendicular distances from any interior point to the n A regular star polygon is a self-intersecting, equilateral
sides is n times the apothem. Here, the apothem being the equiangular polygon, created by connecting one vertex of a
distance from the center to any side. simple, regular, n-sided polygon to another, non-adjacent
C vertex and continuing the process until the original vertex is
reached again. Thus, if out of total n vertices of an n-gon
B (i.e., an n-sided polygon) every k-th vertex is connected
n
A O with each other, it is denoted by {n, k }, where k < .
D 2
k=1 k=2 k=3 k=4 k=5
E
n=3
In the above diagram, if the apothem of the pentagon is a
and since there are 5 sides in pentagon, so we have
AO + BO + CO + DO + EO = 5a
n=4
Perimeter
It is the total sum of the measurements of all the sides of a
polygon. n=5
The perimeter of a regular polygon
= number of sides × length of each side
n=6
Area
Area of a polygon is the region enclosed by all the n sides of
the polygon. n=7
An n-sided polygon can be divided into n congruent
triangles having a common vertex at the centre.
n=8

n=9
r a r

s
n = 10
Let s, a, p and r be the side, apothem, perimeter and radius,
respectively, then
1  1
Area of a regular polygon = n ×  × s × a  = × n × s × a n = 11
2  2
1
Area of a regular polygon = ×a× p n = 12
2
NOTE The other formulae for the area of polygon can be
derived by using the trigonometric ratios, as following.

Page 113 of 277

Geometry 581

Number of sides n Symbol Polygram

5 {5/2} Pentagram
6 {6/2} Hexagram
7 {7/2} Heptagram
8 {8/2} Star of Laxmi
In the above figure out of 5 vertices of pentagon every 2nd
8 {8/3} Octagon
 5
vertex is connected with each other. It is denoted by  . 9 {9/3} Nonagram
 2
10 {10/3} Decagram

Circumradius of a Polygram : If a star polygon {n, k }, with

n, k positive integers such that HCF ( n, k ) =1 and the edge
length of the polygon is 1 unit, the circumradius of the star
polygon is
In the above figure out of 6 vertices of hexagon every 2nd   n − 2k  
 6 sin   π
vertex is connected with each other. It is denoted by  .   2n  
 2 R=
  2k  
sin    π 
 n  
Sum of the Interior Angles of a Polygram : For any value
of n, if k = 2, the sum of all the internal angles of such a
polygram = ( n − 4) π.
Edge of a Polygon (or Star Polygon) : The edge of a star
In the above figure out of 8 vertices of octagon every 2nd polygon is equal to the length of the diagonal of a
 8 corresponding regular polygon depending upon the value of
vertex is connected with each other. It is denoted by  .
 2 k. However, in case of even number of sides ( n = 4, 6, 8, … )
the longest possible diagonal of the regular polygon does
not act in a manner to form a polygram so I have not
mentioned this value in the following table.
Let us consider the edge of the regular polygon be 1 unit
and d1 , d 2 , d 3 , … , d n denote the lengths of the diagonals of
the regular polygon, such that d1 < d 2 < d 3 <… < d n , then
In the above figure out of 8 vertices of octagon every 3rd we have the following values of various possible diagonals
 8 for the selected regular polygons.
vertex is connected with each other. It is denoted by  .
 3 n k =1 k=2 k=3 k=4

Under certain conditions a regular star polygon can be d1 d2 d3 d4

drawn in a single stroke such as polygon {5/2}, {8/3} and it 5 ϕ
has to be drawn in more than one stroke as polygon {6/2}, 6 3
{8/2}, shown above. A star polygon {n/ k } can be drawn in a
single stroke (or it is connected or irreducible) if and only if 7 ρ σ
n and k are relatively prime. 8 θ 2 θ
The following table depicts the various polygons and their 10 51/ 2
×τ 1/ 2
τ2 51 / 4 × τ 3 / 2
respective polygrams {n/ k }. Following is the list of some
12 2+ 3 2( 2 + 3) 3( 2 + 3) 2+ 3
best-known polygrams (or star polygons).

Page 114 of 277

582 QUANTUM CAT
1 + 5  1
ϕ=  , θ = (1 + 2 ) = 2.414213, ρ =18019377
. , A= ( 25 + 10 5 ) s 2
 2  4
σ = 22469796 1
. a = (1 + 5 ) r
4
s = 2 r2 − a2
2a σ
Pentaflake
ϕ √3a p
When five pentagons can be arranged around an identical
pentagon, then it forms the first iteration of the pentaflake.
1 1 1 This cluster of six pentagons has the shape of a pentagon
with five triangular wedges removed, as you can see in the
following figure.
2+√3
1 3

θ 54 τ2 √3 2+ 3
θ 2 τ2 √2 2+ 3

1 1 1 1 2+3 1
54 τ2
Fig. (i)

Pentagon For a pentagon of side length 1, the first ring of pentagons

A has centers at radius
1
36° 36° d1 = 2a = (1 + 5 )( r )
36° 2
(Where a is the apothem and r is the radius of each of the six
36° 108° 72° 72° 108° 36°
pentagons)
B E
36° 72° 108° 108° 72° 36°
36° 36°
72° 72°
108° 108°
108° 108°
72° 72°
108°
72° 72°
108°
36°
36° 36° 36° Fig. (ii)
36° 36°
C D For a pentagon of side length 1, the second ring of
pentagons has centers at radius
3
1 
d 2 = 2( r + h) = (2 + 5 ) r =  (1 + 5 )  ( r )
 2 
(Where a is the apothem and r is the radius of each of the six
pentagons)

Let s, d, a, r, A denote side, diagonal, apothem, radius, area

of a pentagon, then we have
1
d = (1 + 5 ) s = ϕ s
2
1
a = ( 25 + 10 5 ) s
10
1
r = ( 50 + 10 5 ) s
10 Fig. (iii) Fig. (iv)

Page 115 of 277

Geometry 583

For a pentagon of side length 1, the n-th ring of pentagons

has centers at radius
2n − 1
1 
d n = ( r )  (1 + 5 ) 
2 
(Where a is the apothem and r is the radius of each of the six
pentagons)
Hexagon
30
120° 120°
60° ° 120° 60° 60° Fig. (i) Fig. (ii)
30° 30 120°
° 120° 120°
120° 120° 120° 60° 60° 60°
° 120° 120°
30° 30 120°
60° 60° 60°
120° 120° 30° 120°

60° 60° 120°

60° 60°
60°
60° 60° 120°
120° 120°
60° 60° 60° 60° 120°
60°
60° 60°
60° 60° 120°

2a
3a

Fig. (iii)
Let a, d, r, R , A denote side, diagonal, apothem
Heptagon
(or inradius), radius (or Circumradius), area of a pentagon,
then we have 128.57°
128.57° 128.57°
d1 = 3a; d 2 = 2a
d2
3 128.57° 128.57°
r= a; R =a 128.57°
d1
2 128.57°

3 3 2 r 3
A= a ; =
2 R 2
Ar 3
=
AR 4

Hexaflakes
When six hexagons can be arranged around an identical
hexagon, then it forms the first iteration of the hexaflake. Area of a heptagon = 3633. s2
This cluster of seven hexagons has the shape of a hexagon
(s is the side of the regular heptagon)
with six triangular wedges removed from the sides and six
Area of a heptagon = 3371. a2
from the canters, as you can see in the first figure. Fig. (ii)
shows the hexaflake of double iteration and Fig. (iii) shows (a is the apothem of the regular heptagon)
the triple iteration. Area of a heptagon = 2.7364 r 2
(r is the circumradius of the regular heptagon)

Page 116 of 277

584 QUANTUM CAT
Octagon
135° 135°

135° 135°

135° 135°

135° 135°

d3

d2

d1 10/2 10/3

10/4 10/3a

Here s, d, a, r, A denote side, diagonal apothem (inradius),

Let s, d, a, r, A denote side, diagonal, apothem (inradius), radius (or circumradius), area of a decagon, then we have
radius (or circumradius), area of an octagon, then we have
2as 2 ( 5 + 2 5 ) s (3 + 5 ) s
d1 = = d2 = = ϕ 2 s = ϕr
d1 = ( 2 + 2 ) s d 2 = (1 + 2 ) s r (1 + 5 ) 2
d3 = ( 4 + 2 2 ) s d 3 = 2 ( d1 ) d 3 = ( 5 + 2 5 ) s = 2a d 4 = (1 + 5 ) s = 2ϕs = 2r
(1 + 2 ) s ( 4 +2 2)s ( 5 + 2 5 )s (1 + 5 ) s
a= r= a= r= =ϕ⋅s
2 2 2 2
A = 2(1 + 2 ) s 2 = d 22 − s 2
5 ( 5 + 2 5 )s 2
A = 2( d 2 s) = 4as A= = 5as
2
Decagon
Dodecagon
144° 144° 108°
150° 150° 120°
144° 144° 108° 150° 150° 120° 90° 90°
150° 150° 120°
144° 144° 108°
150° 150° 120°

150° 150° 120° 90° 90°

144° 144° 108° 120°
150° 150°
144° 144° 108°

60°
d5
d4
d4 d3
d3
60° 60° d2
d2
d1
d1

Page 117 of 277

Geometry 585

d 3 = ( 2 + 3 + 2 ) s = d1 + 2 = 3( d1 )
d 4 = ( 3 + 2) s
d 5 = 2( 2 + 3 ) s = 2( d1 ) = 2 ( d 2 )
d5 = ( 2 + 6 ) s
( 3 + 2) s d 4
Let s, d, a, r, A denote side, diagonal, apothem (inradius), a= =
radius (or circumradius), area of a decagon, then we have 2 2
d5
d1 = ( 2 + 3 ) s r = ( 2 + 3 ) s = d1 =
2
d 2 = ( 3 + 1) s A = 3( 3 + 2) s = 6as = 3r 2
2

Introductory Exercise 12.4

1. Each interior angle of a regular polygon is 140°. The 11. In a regular polygon, if the number of diagonals is k
number of sides is : times the number of diagonals is k times the number
(a) 10 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 9 of sides and each interior angle is θ, then k is
2. Each angle of a regular hexagon is : 3θ − 2 π 4θ − π 3θ − π 3 (θ − π )
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) 60° (b) 120° 2 π − 2θ 2 π − 2θ 2 π − 2θ 2 (π − θ )
(c) 90° (d) none of these
12. In the following figure, ABCDE is a regular pentagon.
3. If one of the interior angles of a regular polygon is Find ∠ADB, D
equal to 5/6 times of one of the interior angles of a
regular pentagon, then the number of sides of the
polygon is : E C
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
4. The sum of the interior angles of a polygon is 1260°.
The number of sides of the polygon is :
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 A B

5. If each interior angle of a regular polygon is 3 times its (a) 36° (b) 30°
exterior angle, the number of sides of the polygon is : (c) 24° (d) cannot be determined
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8 13. In the following figure, ABCDE is a regular pentagon.
6. Difference between the interior and exterior angles of Find ∠DPC. D
regular polygon is 60°. The number of sides in the
polygon is :
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 9 E C

7. A polygon has 54 diagonals. The number of sides in P

the polygon is :
(a) 7 (b) 9 A B
(c) 12 (d) none of these
(a) 54° (b) 72° (c) 24° (d) 60°
8. The ratio between the number of sides of two regular
polygons is 1 : 2 and the ratio between their interior 14. In the following figure find the ratio of the area of the
angle is 3 : 4. The number of sides of these polygons are triangle to that of the regular hexagon.
respectively :
(a) 3, 6 (b) 4, 8 (c) 6, 9 (d) 5, 10
9. The sum of all the interior angles of a regular
polygon is four times the sum of its exterior angles.
The polygon is :
(a) hexagon (b) triangle (c) decagon (d) nonagon
10. The ratio of the measure of an angle of a regular
nonagon to the measure of its exterior angle is : (a) 2 : 1 (b) 3 : 6
(a) 3 : 5 (b) 5 : 2 (c) 7 : 2 (d) 4 : 5 (c) 2 : 3 (d) 1 : 2

Page 118 of 277

586 QUANTUM CAT
12.6 Circles
Definition : A circle is a set of points on a plane which lie at a fixed distance from a fixed point.

Nomenclature Definition Diagram

Centre The fixed point is called the centre. In the given diagram ‘O’ is the
centre of the circle.
O

Radius The fixed distance is called a radius. In the given diagram OP is the
radius of the circle. (Point P lies on the circumference)
O

Circumference The circumference of a circle is the distance around a circle, which is

equal to 2πr.
(r → radius of the circle)
O

Secant A line segment which intersects the circle at two distinct points, is
called as secant.
In the given diagram secant PQ intersects circle at two points A and B. P
A

B
Q

Tangent A line segment which has one common point with the circumference
of a circle i.e., it touches only at one point is called as tangent of
circle. The common point is called as point of contact. In the given O
diagram PQ is a tangent which touches the circle at a point R.

R Q
P
(R is the point of contact )
NOTE Radius is always perpendicular to
tangent.
Chord A line segment whose end points lie on the circle. In the given
diagram AB is a chord.

A
B

Diameter A chord which passes through the centre of the circle is called the
diameter of the circle. P
The length of the diameter is twice the length of the radius.
O
Q
In the given diagram PQ is the diameter of the circle. (O → is the
centre of the circle)

Arc Any two points on the circle divides the circle into two parts the
Q Q
smaller part is called as minor arc and the larger part is called as
major arc. P P
It is denoted as ‘ ’. In the given diagram PQ is arc. O O

PQ → minor arc PQ → major arc

Page 119 of 277

Geometry 587

Nomenclature Definition Diagram

Semicircle A diameter of the circle divides the circle into two equal parts.
Each part is called as semicircle.
O
A B A B
O

Central angle An angle formed at the centre of the circle, is called the central angle.
In the given diagram ∠AOB is the central angle.
O

A B

Inscribed angle When two chords have one common end point, then the angle B
included between these two chords at the common point is called the
inscribed angle. ∠ABC is the inscribed angle by the arc ADC.

A O

D
C

Measure of an Basically it is the central angle formed by an arc. e.g., S

arc (a) measure of a circle = 360°
(b) measure of a semicircle = 180°
O
(c) measure of a minor arc = ∠POQ
(d) measure of a major arc = 360 − ∠POQ

P Q
R
m (arc PRQ) = m ∠POQ
m (arc PSQ) = 360° − m (arc PRQ)
Intercepted arc In the given diagram AB and CD are the two intercepted arcs, P
intercepted by ∠CPD. The end points of the arc must touch the arms
of ∠CPD i.e., CP and DP. A B

C D

Concentric circles Circles having the same centre at a plane are called the concentric
circles.
P
In the given diagram there are two circles with radii r1 and r2 having r1
the common (or same) centre. These are called as concentric circles. O
r2

Congruent circles Circles with equal radii are called as congruent circles.

r r
O O

Page 120 of 277

588 QUANTUM CAT
Nomenclature Definition Diagram
Segment of a A chord divides a circle into two regions. These two regions are
circle called the segments of a circle.
(a) major segment (b) minor segment O

P Q

P Q

P Q
(a) (b)

Cyclic A quadrilateral whose all the four vertices ( A, B, C, D) lie on the circle. D
Quadrilateral For a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, we must have
C
( AB × CD) + (BC × AD) = ( AC × BD)
A B

Tangential A tangential quadrilateral or circumscribed quadrilateral is a convex D

Quadrilateral quadrilateral whose sides are all tangent to a single circle within the
quadrilateral .
A
For a tangential quadrilateral, we must have C
AB + CD = BC + AD

Bicentric A quadrilateral is said to be bicentric if it is cyclic and tangential. c

Quadrilateral
d

b
a

Circumcircle A circle which passes through all the three vertices of a triangle. Thus C
the circumcentre is always equidistant from the vertices of the
triangle.
OA = OB = OC (circumradius)
O
A B

Incircle A circle which touches all the three sides of a triangle i.e., all the C
three sides of a triangle are tangents to the circle is called an incircle.
Incircle is always equidistant from the sides of a triangle.
OP = OQ = OR (inradius of the circle) R Q
O

A P B

Curvature Curvatures is a measure of how quickly a tangent line turns on a

curve. We would expect the curvature to be 0 for a straight line, to be
very small for curves which bend very little and to be large for curves r
which bend sharply. Larger the circle, smaller the curvature.
1
Curvature of a circle =
radius
Curvature = 1/r

Page 121 of 277

Geometry 589

Theorems
NOTE
l
Two arcs of a circle (or of congruent circles) are congruent if their degree measures are equal.
l
There is one and only one circle passes through three non-collinear points.

S. No. Theorem Diagram

1. In a circle (or in congruent circles) equal chords are made by equal arcs.
{ OP = OQ} = { O′ R = O′ S} and PQ = RS O O'
∴ PQ = RS

P Q R S

2. Equal arcs (or chords) subtend equal angles at the centre B

A
Q PQ = AB
∴ ∠POQ = ∠AOB O

P
Q

3. The perpendicular from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord
i.e., if OD ⊥ AB O
∴ AB = 2 AD = 2BD

A D B

4. The line joining the centre of a circle to the mid-point of a chord is perpendicular to
the chord.
Q AD = DB
O
∴ OD ⊥ AB

A D B

5. Perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the centre.

i.e., if OD ⊥ AB and AD = DB
∴ O is the centre of the circle. O

A D B

6. Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant from the centre. P

Q AB = PQ R

∴ OD = OR O
Q

A D B

7. Chords which are equidistant from the centre in a circle (or in congruent, circles) are Q
equal. R
Q OD = OR
∴ AB = PQ O
P
A
D B

Page 122 of 277

590 QUANTUM CAT
S. No. Theorem Diagram
8. The angle subtended by an arc (the degree measure of the arc) at the centre of a C
circle is twice the angle subtended by the arc at any point on the remaining part of
the circle. θ
m ∠AOB = 2m ∠ACB.
O

2θ

A B

9. Angle in a semicircle is a right angle. C

90°

A O B

10. Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal. D

C
i.e., ∠ACB = ∠ADB

A B
O

11. If a line segment joining two points subtends equal angle at two other points lying on D
C
the same side of the line containing the segment, then the four points lie on the same
circle.
∠ACB = ∠ADB
∴ Points A, C, D, B are concyclic i.e., lie on the circle.
A B

12. The sum of pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180°. D C

∠DAB + ∠BCD = 180°

and ∠ABC + ∠CDA = 180°
(Inverse of this theorem is also true)
A B

13. Equal chords (or equal arcs) of a circle (or congruent circles) subtended equal angles D
at the centre.
AB = CD (or AB = CD )
C
∴ ∠AOB = ∠COD O
(Inverse of this theorem is also true)
A

14. If a side of a cyclic quadrilateral is produced, then the exterior angle is equal to the B C
interior opposite angle.
m ∠CDE = m ∠ABC

A
D E

Page 123 of 277

Geometry 591

S. No. Theorem Diagram

15. A tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of
contact.
(Inverse of this theorem is also true)
O

90°
A P B

16. The lengths of two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal. i.e., A
AP = BP

O P

17. If two chords AB and CD of a circle, intersect inside A

a circle (outside the circle when produced at a point E),
B
then AE × BE = CE × DE
O O
A D E

D
E
C B C

18. If PB be a secant which intersects the circle at A and B and PT be a tangent at T, then
PA⋅ PB = (PT )2 B

P
T

19. From an external point from which the tangents are drawn to the circle with centre A
O, then
(a) they subtend equal angles at the centre.
(b) they are equally inclined to the line segment joining the centre of that point. O P

∠AOP = ∠BOP and ∠APO = ∠BPO

20. If P is an external point from which the tangents to the circle with centre O touch it at A
A and B, then OP is the perpendicular bisector of AB.
OP ⊥ AB and AC = BC
O P
C

21. Alternate segment theorem : If from the point of contact of a tangent, a chord B
is drawn, then the angles which the chord makes with the tangent line are equal
respectively to the angles formed in the corresponding alternate segments. In the C
adjoining diagram. D
O
∠BAT = ∠BCA and ∠BAP = ∠BDA

P A T

Page 124 of 277

592 QUANTUM CAT
S. No. Theorem Diagram
22. The point of contact of two tangents lies on the straight line joining the two centres. P
(a) When two circles touch externally, then the distance between their centres is
equal to sum of their radii. C
i.e., AB = AC + BC A B

(b) When two circles touch internally, the distance between their centres is equal to
Q
the difference between their radii.
i.e., AB = AC− BC P

C
A B

23. For the two circles with centre X and Y and radii r1 and r2 . AB and CD are two Direct B
Common Tangents (DCT), then the length of DCT A

= (distance between centres)2 − (r1 − r2 )2

X Y

C
D

24. For the two circles with centre X and Y and radii r1 and r2 . PQ and RS are two
S
transverse common tangent, then length of TCT P
= (distance between centres)2 − (r1 + r2 )2
X Y

R
Q

25. Descartes’ circle equation theorem : Given four mutually tangent circles with d
curvatures a, b, c and d, then (a + b + c + d)2 = 2(a2 + b2 + c 2 + d2 )
a

c
b

If any one of the circles is circumscribing, say a circle of curvature d is circumscribing

the circles of curvatures a, b and c, then (a + b + c − d)2 = 2(a2 + b2 + c 2 + (− d2 )) d
a

c
b

In lay terms, if all the points of tangency are external, the curvatures are considered
positive, but if one circle encompasses the others, that circle has negative curvature.
Here, as all three circles are tangent to each other at the same point, Descartes’
theorem does not apply.

Page 125 of 277

Geometry 593

12.7 Tangential Quadrilateral

A tangential quadrilateral or circumscribed quadrilateral is
a convex quadrilateral whose sides are all tangent to a 6. Area of the tangential quadrilateral —
single circle within the quadrilateral. This circle is called D
the incircle of the quadrilateral; its center is the incenter and h
its radius is called the inradius. N

All triangles have an D r

d
incircle, but not all c r M
A
quadrilaterals do. An g
r
A C e r C
example of a quadrilateral
that cannot be tangential is L
K f
B
a non-square rectangle. a
b
B (i) A = r × s; where r is the inradius and s is the
If a quadrilateral is both
semi-perimeter
tangential and cyclic, it is
called a bicentric quadrilateral. Examples of tangential (ii) A = ( e + f + g + h) ( efg + fgh + ghe + hef );
quadrilaterals are squares, rhombi, and kites. where, e, f, g, h are the lengths of the tangents.
Properties (iii) A =
1
p 2 q 2 − ( ac − bd ) 2 ; where p, q are the
1. In a tangential quadrilateral, the four angle bisectors 2
meet at the center of the incircle. diagonals and a, b, c, d are the sides of tangential
2. Conversely, a convex quadrilateral in which the four quadrilateral.
angle bisectors meet at a point must be tangential and (iv) A = abcd − ( eg − fh) 2 ; where a, b, c, d are the
the common point is the incenter.
sides and e, f, g, h are the successive tangent
D lengths.
(v) When the tangential quadrilateral is cyclic, that is
d
bi-centric, then eg = fh and so the tangential
c
O quadrilateral will have the maximum area abcd.
A
NOTE In the above diagram, it is considered as AB = a , BC = b,
C
a CD = c , DA = d and AK = e, BL = f , CM = g, DN = h.
b
B 7. The maximum area of a tangential quadrilateral
A ≤ abcd
3. The two pairs of opposite sides in a tangential
quadrilateral add up to the same total length, which 8. The minimum area of a tangential quadrilateral A ≥ 4r 2
equals the semi perimeter s of the quadrilateral : 9. The minimum value of the semi-perimeter s ≥ 4r
a + c = b + d = s. 10. The inradius of a tangential quadrilateral r = A / s; where
4. Conversely, a convex quadrilateral in which A is the area and s is the semi-perimeter of the tangential
a + c = b + d must be tangential. quadrilateral.
5. A convex quadrilateral ABCD is tangential, if and only 11. If e, f , g and h are the tangent lengths from A, B , C and
if the incircles in the two triangles ABC and ADC are D, respectively, to the points where the incircle is
tangent to each other. tangent to the sides of a tangential quadrilateral ABCD,
D then the lengths of the diagonals p = AC and q = BD are
 e+g 
p=   [( e + g )( f + h) + 4 fh]
 f + h
A C  f + h
and q=   [( e + g )( f + h) + 4eg ]
 e+g 
B

Page 126 of 277

594 QUANTUM CAT
12. In the non-overlapping triangles APB , BPC , CPD, DPA 1 1 1 1
+ = =
formed by the diagonals in a convex quadrilateral Ra Rc Rb Rd
ABCD, where the diagonals intersect at P, there are the
(vi) A convex quadrilateral ABCD with diagonals
following characterizations of tangential quadrilaterals.
intersecting at P is tangential if and only if
D
a c b d
+ = +
∆ ( APB ) ∆ (CPD ) ∆ ( BPC ) ∆ ( DPA )
r4
r3 Cyclic Quadrilateral
A C A cyclic quadrilateral is a quadrilateral for which a circle
P r2 can be circumscribed so that it touches each vertex of the
r1
quadrilateral.
D
c
B C
d
(i) Let r1 , r2 , r3 and r4 denote the radii of the incircles b
in the four triangles APB , BPC , CPD and DPA A a B
respectively, then the quadrilateral is tangential if
1 1 1 1 a +b+c+d
and only if + = + (i) Semi perimeter s =
r1 r3 r2 r4 2
(ii) If h1 , h2 , h3 and h4 denote the altitudes in the four (ii) Area A = ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)( s − d )
triangles APB , BPC , CPD and DPA respectively, (from
the diagonal intersection to the sides of the ( ab + cd )( ac + bd )( ad + bc)
(iii) Area A =
quadrilateral), then quadrilateral is tangential if and 4R
only if 1 ( ab + cd )( ac + bd )( ad + bc)
(iv) Circumradius R =
1 1 1 1 4 ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c)( s − d )
+ = +
h1 h3 h2 h4
Bicentric Quadrilateral
(iii) If the exradii ra , rb , rc and rd in the four triangles
APB , BPC , CPD and DPA respectively, (the four A quadrilateral is said to be bicentric if it is cyclic and
excircles are each tangent to one side of the tangential.
quadrilateral and the extensions of its diagonals). A c
quadrilateral is tangential if and only if
d
1 1 1 1
+ = +
ra rc rb rd b

(iv) If R1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 denote the radii in the a

circumcircles of triangles APB , BPC , CPD and DPA,
respectively, then the quadrilateral ABCD is tangential (i) If the sides be a, b, c, d the area of a bicentric
if and only if quadrilateral is A = abcd
R1 + R 3 = R 2 + R 4
2 abcd abcd
(v) A convex quadrilateral ABCD, with diagonals (ii) Inradius, r = =
a +b+c+d s
intersecting at P, is tangential if and only if the four
excenters in triangles APB , BPC , CPD and DPA 1 ( ab + cd )( ac + bd )( ad + bc)
(iii) Circumradius, R =
opposite the vertices B and D are concyclic. If 4 abcd
R a , R b , R c and R d are the exradii in the triangles (iv) In a bicyclic quadrilateral, the distance x between
APB , BPC , CPD and DPA, respectively, opposite the the incentre and circumcentre is given by
vertices B and D, then another condition is that the
1 1 1
quadrilateral is tangential if and only if + =
(R − x ) 2
(R + x ) 2
(r ) 2

Page 127 of 277

Geometry 595

Introductory Exercise 12.5

1. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle. 6. In the adjoining figure, O is the centre of circle and
Radius of the circle is 17 cm.If OC = 8 cm, then the diameter AC = 26 cm. If chord AB = 10 cm, then the
length of the chord AB is : distance between chord AB and centre O of the circle is :
C

O
O

A C B M
A B

(a) 35 cm (b) 30 cm (c) 15 cm (d) 18 cm (a) 24 cm (b) 16 cm

2. In the given figure OM ⊥ AB, radius of the circle is (c) 12 cm (d) none of these
5 cm and length of the chord AB = 8 cm. Find the 7. In the adjoining circle C (0 , r ) the degree measure of
measure of OM. minor arc AB = 130 °. Find the degree measure of
major arc.
O
O

r
130°
A M B
A B

(a) 3 cm (b) 2.5 cm (c) 2 cm (d) 6 cm

3. In the given figure, two circles with their respective (a) 230° (b) 260°
centres intersect each other at A and B and AB (c) 310° (d) none of these
intersects OO′ at M, then m ∠OMA is : 8. If the diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral are equal,
then the quadrilateral is :
A (a) rhombus (b) square
(c) rectangle (d) none of these
M
O O' 9. In the given figure, AB is diameter of the circle. C and
D lie on the semicircle. ∠ABC = 65 ° and
B ∠CAD = 45 °. Find m ∠DCA.
D C
(a) 60° (b) 80°
(c) 90° (d) can’t be determined
45°
4. In the above question (no. 3) what is the ratio of 65°
AM : BM? A O B
(a) 5 : 6 (b) 3 : 2 (a) 45° (b) 25°
(c) 1 : 1 (d) can’t be determined (c) 20° (d) none of these
5. In the given figure the two chords AC and BC are 10. In the given figure, chords AB and CD are equal. If
equal. The radius OC intersect AB at M, then AM : BM
∠OBA = 55 ° , then m ∠COD is :
is :
D

O 55°
C
M O
A B
C
A 55°
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 3 B
(c) 3 : 2 (d) none of these (a) 65° (b) 55° (c) 70° (d) 50°

Page 128 of 277

596 QUANTUM CAT
11. The quadrilateral formed by angle bisectors of a 16. In the adjoining figure, O is the centre of the circle
cyclic quadrilateral is a : and ∠OBD = 50 °. Find the m ∠BAD.
(a) rectangle (b) square A
(c) parallelogram (d) cyclic quadrilateral D
O
12. ∆ABC and ∆DBC have a common base and drawn
towards one sides. ∠BAC = ∠BDC = 90 ° . If AC and 50°
DB intersect at P , then : B C
D
A (a) 60° (b) 40° (c) 80° (d) 45°
90°
17. In the given figure, ∆ABC is an equilateral triangle.
90°
P
Find m ∠BEC. A

B C D

(a) AP × PC = BP × PD
(b) AP × BP = PC × PD B C
(c) AP × PD = PC × BP
E
(d) none of the above
(a) 120° (b) 60°
13. In the given figure, ∠BAC and ∠BDC are the angles of
(c) 80° (d) none of these
same segments. ∠DBC = 30 ° and ∠ BCD = 110 °. Find
m ∠BAC. 18. In the given figure, AB is the diameter of the circle.
Find the value of ∠ACD.
A
D

O 110°
O
30° A B
C
B
C
(a) 35° (b) 40°
D
(c) 55° (d) 60°
14. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle, (a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) 25°
∠ABO = 60 °. Find the value of ∠ACB. 19. In the given figure, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral and
diagonals bisect each other at P. If ∠DBC = 60 ° and
C ∠BAC = 30 °, then ∠BCD is :
O
C
D

60° P
A B 60°
30°
(a) 40° (b) 60° A B
(c) 50° (d) 30°
(a) 90° (b) 60°
15. In the given figure, ∠AOC = 120 °. Find m ∠CBE,
(c) 80° (d) none of these
where O is the centre.
20. In the given figure, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral and
C
AB is the diameter. ∠ADC = 140 ° , then find m ∠BAC.
C B
D
120°
O
D O
B
A E
A
(a) 60° (b) 100° (c) 120° (d) 150° (a) 45° (b) 40° (c) 50° (d) none of these

Page 129 of 277

Geometry 597

21. In the given figure, ∠COB = 40 ° , AB is the diameter 26. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle.
of the circle. Find m ∠CAB. ∠AOB = 70 ° , find m ∠OCD.
C D

A
40° 70° O C
A B
O
B
(a) 40° (b) 20° (c) 30° (d) none of these (a) 70° (b) 55°
22. In the given figure, O is the centre of circle. (c) 65° (d) 110°
∠AOB = 80 ° and ∠AOC = 120 °. Find m ∠BAC. 27. In the given figure, ∠CAB = 40 ° and ∠AKB = 105 °.
A Find ∠KCD. D

120° C
80° K
O C 105

°
A °

40
B
B
(a) 120° (b) 80° (c) 100° (d) none of these
(a) 65° (b) 35° (c) 40° (d) 72°
23. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle and
∠AOC = 100 ° . Find the ratio of m ∠ADC : m ∠ABC. 28. In the given figure, ABC is an isosceles triangle in
which AB = AC and m ∠ABC = 50 ° . Find m ∠BDC.
D
A

O
D
100°

A C 50°
B C
B
(a) 5 : 6 (b) 1 : 2
E
(c) 5 : 13 (d) none of these
(a) 80° (b) 60° (c) 65° (d) 100°
24. In the given figure, O is the centre of circle,
∠AOB = 100 ° . Find m ∠BCD. 29. In the given figure, AB is the diameter.
P
m ∠BAD = 70 ° and m ∠DBC = 30 °. Find m ∠BDC.

C D
O

100°
30°
70°
A B
B O A
C
D (a) 25° (b) 30° (c) 40° (d) 60°
(a) 80° (b) 60° (c) 50° (d) 40° 30. Find the value of ∠DCE.
25. In the given figure, AB is the diameter of the circle. A
∠ADC = 120 °. Find m ∠CAB.
D
C
120° O

160°
B D
A O B
C
E

(a) 20° (b) 30° (a) 100° (b) 80°

(c) 90° (d) 75°
(c) 40° (d) can’t be determined

Page 130 of 277

598 QUANTUM CAT
31. ‘O’ is the centre of the circle, line segment BOD is the 35. In the given figure, PQ is the tangent of the circle.
angle bisector of ∠AOC , m ∠COD = 50 °. Line segment PR intersects the circle at N and R.
Find m ∠ABC. PQ = 15 cm, PR = 25 cm, find PN.
B R

O
O
50° N
A D C

P Q
(a) 25° (b) 50°
(c) 100° (d) 120° (a) 15 cm (b) 10 cm (c) 9 cm (d) 6 cm
32. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle and 36. In the given figure, there are two circles with the
∠ACB = 25 °. Find ∠AOB. centres O and O′ touching each other internally at P.
Tangents TQ and TP are drawn to the larger circle
and tangents TP and TR are drawn to the smaller
C
circle. Find TQ : TR.
O
T

A B
Q
(a) 25° (b) 50°
R P
(c) 75° (d) 60°
O O'
33. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle.
∠AOB = 90 °. Find m ∠APB.
P
(a) 8 : 7 (b) 7 : 8
A B
(c) 5 : 4 (d) 1 : 1
90° 37. In the given figure, PAQ is the tangent. BC is the
diameter of the circle. m ∠BAQ = 60 °, find m ∠ABC.
O

B
(a) 130° O
(b) 150°
(c) 135° C
A 60°
(d) can’t be determined
34. In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle. AB is P Q
tangent. AB = 12 cm and OB = 13 cm. Find OA. (a) 25° (b) 30° (c) 45° (d) 60°
38. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral PQ is a tangent at B. If
∠DBQ = 65 ° , then ∠BCD is :
O Q
C

13
D
B
B
A 12 O

(a) 6.5 cm
(b) 6 cm P
A
(c) 5 cm
(d) none of the above (a) 35° (b) 85° (c) 115° (d) 90°

Page 131 of 277

Geometry 599

39. In the given figure,AP = 2 cm, BP = 6 cm and 44. A circle touches a quadrilateral ABCD. Find the true
CP = 3 cm. Find DP. statement
D
D C
B
O

A C
A B
(a) 6 cm (b) 4 cm
(a) AB + BC = CD + AD (b) AB + CD = BC + AD
(c) 2 cm (d) 3 cm
(c) BD = AC (d) none of these
40. In the given figure, AP = 3 cm, BA = 5 cm
45. O and O′ are the centres of two circles which touch
and CP = 2 cm. Find CD. each other externally at P. AB is a common tangent.
B Find ∠ APO.
(a) 90° (b) 120°
A
(c) 60° (d) data insufficient
O
P 46. If AB is a chord of a circle, P and Q are two points on
C
the circle different from A and B, then :
D (a) the angle subtended by AB at P and Q are either
equal or supplementary.
(a) 12 cm (b) 10 cm (b) the sum of the angles subtended by AB at P and
(c) 9 cm (d) 6 cm Q is always equal two right angles.
41. In the given figure, tangent PT = 5 cm, PA = 4 cm, find (c) the angles subtended at P and Q by AB are
AB. always equal.
T
(d) the sum of the angles subtended at P and Q is
B equal to four right angles.
47. In the given figure, AB and CD are two common
A
P O
tangents to the two touching circle. If CD = 6 cm,
then AB is equal to :

7
(a) cm D
4
11
(b) cm
4
A C B
9
(c) cm
4 (a) 9 cm (b) 15 cm
(d) can’t be determined (c) 12 cm (d) none of these
42. Two circles of radii 13 cm and 5 cm touch 48. In the given figure, CD is a direct common tangent to
internally each other. Find the distance between their two circles intersecting each other at A and B, then :
centres. ∠ CAD + ∠ CBD = ?
(a) 18 cm (b) 12 cm
A
(c) 9 cm (d) 8 cm
43. Three circles touch each other externally. The
distance between their centre is 5 cm, 6 cm and
7 cm. Find the radii of the circles. B
(a) 3 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm
C D
(b) 3 cm, 4 cm, 1 cm
(c) 1cm, 2.5 cm, 3.5 cm (a) 120° (b) 90°
(d) 1 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm (c) 360° (d) 180°

Page 132 of 277

600 QUANTUM CAT
49. O and O′ are the centres of circle of radii 20 cm and 57. ABC is a right angled triangle AB = 3 cm, BC = 5 cm
37 cm. AB = 24 cm. What is the distance OO′ ? and AC = 4 cm, then the inradius of the circle is :
A
C

O C O'
5 cm
B
4 cm
(a) 51 cm (b) 45 cm
(c) 35 cm (d) 48 cm
50. In a circle of radius 5 cm, AB and AC are the two A 3 cm B

chords such that AB = AC = 6 cm. Find the length of

(a) 1 cm (b) 1.25 cm
the chord BC.
(c) 1.5 cm (d) none of these
(a) 4.8 cm (b) 10.8 cm
(c) 9.6 cm (d) none of these 58. A circle has two parallel chords of lengths 6 cm and
8 cm. If the chords are 1 cm apart and the centre is
51. In a circle of radius 17 cm, two parallel chords are
on the same side of the chords, then a diameter of
drawn on opposite sides of a diameter. The distance
the circle is of length :
between the chords is 23 cm. If the length of one
(a) 5 cm (b) 6 cm
chord is 16 cm, then the length of the other is :
(c) 8 cm (d) 10 cm
(a) 23 cm (b) 30 cm
(c) 15 cm (d) none of these 59. Three equal circles of unit radius touch each other.
Then, the area of the circle circumscribing the three
52. If two circles are such that the centre of one lies on circles is :
the circumference of the other, then the ratio of the π
(a) 6 π (2 + 3 )2 (b) (2 + 3 )2
common chord of two circles to the radius of any of 6
the circles is : π
(c) (2 + 3 )2 (d) 3 π (2 + 3 )2
(a) 3 : 2 3
(b) 3 : 1 60. The radius of a circle is 20 cm. The radii (in cm) of
(c) 5 : 1 three concentric circles drawn in such a manner that
(d) none of the above the whole area is divided into four equal parts, are :
53. Two circles touch each other internally. Their radii (a) 20 2 , 20 3 , 20
are 2 cm and 3 cm. The biggest chord of the other 10 3 10 2 10
(b) , ,
circle which is outside the inner circle, is of length : 3 3 3
(a) 2 2 cm (b) 3 2 cm (c) 10 3 , 10 2 , 10
(c) 2 3 cm (d) 4 2 cm
(d) 17 , 14 , 9
54. Through any given set of four points P ,Q, R , S it is 61. Points A, B, C and D are concyclic. BC is the diameter
possible to draw : and O is the centre of the circle, ∠BAO = 69 °, find
(a) atmost one circle ∠DAO + ∠DCO.
(b) exactly one circle (a) 138 (b) 111
(c) exactly two circles (c) 121 (d) none of these
(d) exactly three circles
62. An isosceles right triangle ABC has an incircle with
55. The distance between the centres of equal circles centre O, which touches the sides AB, BC and AC at
each of radius 3 cm is 10 cm. The length of a D , E and F respectively. If the longest side AC is
transverse tangent is : 2 unit, find DE.
(a) 4 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 8 cm (d) 10 cm 1
(a) 2 − 1 cm (b) 2 − cm
56. The number of common tangents that can be drawn 2
to two given circles is at the most : 1
(c) 1 − cm (d) none of these
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 2

Page 133 of 277

Geometry 601

63. Consider the following diagram. In this diagram, 66. In the following figure, AOBC is a quadrilateral
A, B, D and C are cyclic. QP and RP are the tangents inscribed in a quadrant of a circle such that ∠AOB is
at A and B respectively and they meet at P. a right angle and point C falls on the arc of the
∠CAQ = 48 ° and ACB = 64 °. Find the value of quadrant. Find ∠ACB.
∠BDC + ∠CBP + ∠APB. B
Q
48° A
C
C
64°

P A O

(a) 120° (b) 135°

D
B (c) 150° (d) data insufficient
R
67. The sides of a triangle ∆ABC are 15 cm, 41 cm and
(a) 248° (b) 276°
52 cm. Find the diameter of the circumcircle of the
(c) 360° (d) none of these
∆ABC.
64. In the following figure A, B, C and D are cyclic. 205 208
(a) cm (b) cm
BE , CE , AF and BF are straight lines 3 3
F (c) 69 cm (d) 70 cm
E β° 68. The radius of a circle is 2 cm, what is its curvature?
29 (a) 1 cm (b) 4 cm
° D
α° (c) 0.5 cm (d) 1.414 cm
A C 69. The curvatures of two externally tangent circles are
0.5 and 2, what is the distance between their
61°
centers?
B (a) 2.5 (b) 1
(c) 4 (d) 8
Find the value of α − β.
(a) 28° (b) 41° 70. An equilateral triangle ABC is inscribed in a circle
(c) 32° (d) none of these and a chord AD is connected to two other chords BD
65. In a circle with centre O, there are two chords AB and and CD, whereas point D is on the arc BC. If the side
BC, such that ∠OAB = 24 ° and ∠OCB = 42 °. Find the of the triangle is 30 cm and the chord AD is 32 cm,
measure of ∠AOC. find BD + CD.
(a) 36° (b) 63° (a) 31 cm (b) 32 cm
(c) 228° (d) either (a) or (c) (c) 225/8 cm (d) 256/15 cm

Page 134 of 277

QUANTUM CAT

CAT-Test
Questions Helping you bell the CAT

LEVEL 01 > BASIC LEVEL EXERCISE

D
1 In the adjoining figure AB is a C 7 One of the diagonal of a parallelogram is 18 cm, whose
diameter of the circle and adjacent sides are 16 cm and 20 cm respectively. What is
∠BCD = 130°. What is the value of the length of other diagonal?
A B
∠ABD ? O (a) 2 247 cm (b) 13 cm
(a) 30° (c) 15.2 cm (d) 28.5 cm
(b) 50°
8 In the adjoining figure CD C
(c) 40°
is perpendicular on AB.
(d) none of the above
CN is the angle bisector of
2 In the given figure O is the centre of D
∠ACB. ∠ACN = 50° , then
C
the circle and ∠BAC = 25° , then the angle NCD is :
the value of ∠ADB is : O 1
(a) ∠ACB
(a) 40° 3 A B
N D
(b) 55° A B (b) ∠CAB − ∠CBA
(c) 50° 1
(c) (∠CBA ~ ∠BAC )
(d) 65° 2
(d) can’t be determined
3 In the given figure O is the centre of
the circle and ∠OCD = 26°, find D C 9 In a ∆PQR, points M and N are on the sides PQ and PR
26°
∠AOD. respectively such that PM = 0.6. PQ and NR = 0.4 PR .
O What percentage of the area of the triangle PQR does that
(a) 52°
(b) 154° A B of triangle PMN form?
(c) 128° (a) 60% (b) 50% (c) 36% (d) 55%
(d) data insufficient 10 In a trapezium ABCD, the diagonals AC and BD intersect
4 Three sides of a triangle ABC are a, b, c. a = 4700 cm, each other at O such that OB : OD = 3 : 1 then the ratio of
b = 4935 cm and c = 6815 cm. The internal bisector of ∠A areas of ∆AOB : ∆COD is :
meets BC at P, and the bisector passes through incentre O. (a) 3 : 1 (b) 1 : 4
What is the ratio of PO : OA ? (c) 9 : 1 (d) can’t be determined
(a) 3 : 2 11 Three cities Fatehpur, Barabanki and Lucknow are very
(b) 2 : 3 famous. Fatehpur is 42 km, away from Barabanki and the
(c) 2 : 5 distance between Fatehpur and Lucknow is 66 km. Which
(d) can’t be determined of the following cannot be the distance between
D
5 In the given circle O is the C Barabanki and Lucknow?
centre of the circle and AD, AE (a) 28 km (b) 98 km (c) 32 km (d) 24 km
are the two tangents. BC is also O P A 12 In the adjoining figure ‘O’ is the centre of A B
a tangent, then : circle AC and BD are the two chords of
B O
(a) AC + AB = BC E circle which meets at T outside the circle.
(b) 3AE = AB + BC + AC OT bisects CD, OA = OB = 8 cm and
(c) AB + BC + AC = 4 AE A OT = 17 cm. What is the ratio of distance S
(d) 2AE = AB + BC + AC of AC and BD from the centre of the C D
6 What is the inradius of the incircle circle?
9 cm

shown in the figure? 41 cm (a) 15 : 17

(a) 9 cm (b) 4 cm (b) 8 : 15
(c) can’t be determined (c) 8 : 9 T
(d) none of the above (d) none of the above
C B
40 cm

Page 135 of 277

Geometry 603

D F C
13 In the adjoining figure 19 In the adjoining figure BD is the D
28°
ABCD is a rectangle and diameter of the circle and C
DF = CF also, AE = 3BE . ∠BCA = 41°. Find ∠ABD. O
O 41°
What is the value of (a) 41°
∠EOF, if ∠DFO = 28° and (b) 49°
42°
∠AEO = 42°? A E B (c) 22.5° A B
(a) 14° (b) 42° (d) 20.5°
(c) 70° (d) 90°
D 20 Each interior angle of a regular polygon exceeds its
C
14 ABCD is a square and AOB is an exterior angle by 132°. How many sides does the polygon
equilateral triangle. What is the have ?
value of ∠DOC? O (a) 9
(a) 120° (b) 15
(b) 150° (c) 12
(c) 125° (d) none of the above
A B
(d) can’t be determined
21 In a circle O is the centre and C
15 In the triangle ABC, BC = CD and B
∠COD is right angle. AC = BD
(∠ABC − ∠BAC ) = 30°. The measure A
and CD is the tangent at P. P
of ∠ABD is :
What is the value of AC + CP , if
(a) 30° 90°
the radius of the circle is
(b) 45° 1 metre? D
O B
(c) 15° A C (a) 105 cm
D
(d) can’t be determined (b) 141.4 cm
16 In a trapezium ABCD, AB is a parallel to CD. BD is (c) 138.6 cm
perpendicular to AD. AC is perpendicular to BC. If (d) can’t be determined
AD = BC = 15 cm and AB = 25 cm , then the area of the 22 In the given triangle ABC, C
trapezium is : CD, BF and AE are the
(a) 192 cm 2
altitudes. If the ratio of
(b) 232 cm 2
CD : AE : BF = 2 : 3 : 4, then F E
(c) 172 cm 2
the ratio of AB : BC : CA is :
(d) none of the above
(a) 4 : 3 : 2
17 In the adjoining figure P (b) 2 : 3 : 4
M A B
O is the centre of the D L N C (c) 4 : 9 : 16 D
circle. The radius OP (d) 6 : 4 : 3
bisects a rectangle A R K S B
23 In the adjoining figure A P Q B
ABCD, at right angle. O AB || CD and PQ = SR ,
DM = NC = 2 cm and then :
AR = SB = 1 cm and O
(a) PQ = PS
KS = 4 cm and (b) SR = RP
OP = 5 cm. (c) PS = QR C S R D
What is the area of the rectangle? (d) AP = RD
D
(a) 8 cm 2 (b) 10 cm 2 24 In the given figure AB, CD and
(c) 12 cm 2 (d) none of these EF are three towers. The angle
30°
18 In the given figure of circle AB C of elevation of the top of the P F
60°
is the diameter with length 20 tower CD from the top of the B Q
cm and BC is 16 cm, then find tower AB is 60° and that from
the length of CO when CO is EF is 30°.
A B
perpendicular on AB. O BD = 2 3 m, CD : EF = 5 : 4 and
(a) 9.6 cm DF = 4 m. What is the height of A E
C
(b) 8.4 cm the tower AB ?
(c) 10 cm (a) 6 m (b) 12 m
(d) data insufficient (c) 7 m (d) none of these

Page 136 of 277

604 QUANTUM CAT
C A
25 In the equilateral triangle ABC, 31 In the adjoining figure O is the C
AD = DE = BE , D and E lies on centre of the circle.
∠AOD = 120°. If the radius of the P 90° 90°
the AB. If each side of the Q
triangle (i.e., AB, BC and AC) circle be ‘r’, then find the sum of the R O S

be 6 cm, then the area of the areas of quadrilaterals AODP and

D B
shaded region is : OBQC.
(a) 9 cm 2 3 2
A B (a) r
D E 2
(b) 6 3 cm 2
(b) 3 3r2
(c) 5 3 cm 2
(c) 3r2
(d) none of the above
(d) none of the above
26 In the above question (number 25) what is the perimeter A
32 In a right angled triangle ABC, CD
of triangle CDE ?
is the perpendicular on the
(a) (3 + 2 5) cm
hypotenuse AB. Which of the
(b) 2 (1 + 2 7 ) cm following is correct? D
(c) 2 (1 + 3 7 ) cm AC × BC
(d) none of the above (a) CD =
AB
B
27 In a triangle ABC,O is the centre of AC × AC
(b) AD = C B
incircle PQR, ∠BAC = 65° , AB
∠BCA = 75°, find ∠ROQ. BC × BC
R Q (c) BD =
(a) 80° AB
O
(b) 120° (d) all of the above
65° 75°
(c) 140° A C C
P 33 In the triangle ABC, MN is parallel to
(d) can’t be determined
AB. Area of trapezium ABNM is twice
28 In the given figure, PT is a tangent B the area of triangle CMN. What is
M N
at P and ABCP is a quadrilateral. ratio of CM : AM ?
∠BAP is 60°, then the value of 1
∠PCB is :
C (a)
60° 3+1
(a) 60° A A B
3 −1
(b) 90° P
T (b)
(c) 120° 2
(d) data insufficient 3+1
(c)
2
29 In the above question (number 28), what is the value of
∠TPC ? (d) none of the above
A
(a) 30° (b) 60° 34 In the given figure AD = AE ,
(c) 90° (d) can’t be determined
∠BDE = 100°, then what is the
30 In the adjoining figure AT and BT are two tangents at A value of ∠DBC + ∠BCE ? D E
and B respectively CD is also a tangent at P. There are some
(a) 200°
more circles touching each other and the tangents AT and
(b) 160°
BT also. Which one of the following is true? B
(c) 80° C
A (d) can’t be determined
C
E D
G 35 In the given quadrilateral
I 7 cm
ABCD, AB = 15 cm, A
P Q R S T
BC = 20 cm and AD = 7 cm,
J ∠ABC = ∠ADC = 90°. Find the
15 cm

H
F
D length of side CD.
B
(a) 12 cm
(a) PC + CT = PD + DT (b) 18 cm B C
20 cm
(b) RG + GT = RH + HT (c) 24 cm
(c) PC + QE = CE (c) none of the above
(d) all of these

Page 137 of 277

Geometry 605

B
36 There are two circles each with radius 5 cm. Tangent AB is 42 In the given diagram an
26 cm. The length of tangent CD is : incircle DEF is circumscribed
C by the right angled triangle in D
A B which AF = 6 cm and EC = 15
cm. Find the difference F
between CD and BD.
(a) 1 cm A C
E
D (b) 3 cm
(c) 4 cm
(a) 15 cm (b) 21 cm
(d) can’t be determined
(c) 24 cm (d) can’t be determined
B
37 One of diagonal of a parallelogram is 10 cm and an angle 43 In the adjoining figure, a
of the parallelogram is π / 4. If its height be 8 cm, then find star is shown. What is the
P Q
the area of the parallelogram. sum of the angles A, B, C , D D E
(a) 112 cm 2 (b) 88 cm 2 (c) 92 cm 2 (d) 104 cm 2 and E?
(a) 120° T R
38 ABC is a triangle in which ∠CAB = 80° and ∠ABC = 50°,
(b) 180° S
AE, BF and CD are the altitudes and O is the orthocentre.
(c) 240°
What is the value of ∠AOB ? A C
(d) can’t be determined
C
44 ABCD is a rectangle of dimensions 6 cm × 8 cm. DE and BF
are the perpendiculars drawn on the diagonal of the
F E rectangle. What is the ratio of the shaded to that of
unshaded region?
O D C

A B F
D
(a) 65° (b) 70° (c) 50° (d) 130°
E
39 ABC is a triangle in which 35 times the smallest angle is
equal to the 26 times largest angle. What is the measure of B
A
the second largest angle?
(a) 63° (b) 58° (c) 70° (d) 42° (a) 7:3
40 In the adjoining figure O is the (b) 16 : 9
Q
centre of the circle and AB is the
D
C (c) 4: 3 2
diameter. Tangent PQ touches the
P (d) data insufficient
circle at D. ∠BDQ = 48°. Find the 45 In the adjoining figure ‘O’ is the centre A B
ratio of ∠DBA : ∠DCB. A B of circle. ∠CAO = 25° and
O
(a)
22 ∠CBO = 35° . What is the value of
7 ∠AOB ? O
7 (a) 55°
(b)
22 (b) 110°
7 C
(c) (c) 120°
12 (d) data insufficient
(d) can’t be determined
46 In the given diagram ABCD is a cyclic D C
41 In the given diagram O is the centre A B quadrilateral ∠OCB = 50° and
of the circle and CD is a tangent.
O ∠BOC = 110°. Find the value of ∠DAO.
∠CAB and ∠ACD are O
(a) 20°
supplementary to each other
(b) 30° A B
∠OAC = 30°. Find the value of
∠OCB. C D (c) 50°
(a) 30° (b) 20° (d) can’t be determined
(c) 60° (d) none of these

Page 138 of 277

606 QUANTUM CAT
47 ABC and CDE are right angled triangle. 53 Three circles each of units radius intersects each other at
∠ABC = ∠CDE = 90°, D lies on AC and E lies on BC. P , Q and R. P , Q and R are the centres of the three circles.
AB = 24 cm, BC = 60 cm. If DE = 10 cm, then CD is : What is the sum of length of the arcs PQ, QR and PR?
C (a) 3π (b) 2 2π
(c) π (d) none of these
D 54 ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC and
(∠A ) = 2 (∠B ). AB = 4 cm. What is the ratio of inradius to
E
the circumradius?
A
A B

(a) 28 cm (b) 35 cm
(c) 25 cm (d) can’t be determined
48 In the above question (number 48) what is the ratio of
CE : BE ? B C
(a) 29 :(12 − 29 ) (b) 12 : 29
(a) 1 : 2 (b) ( 2 − 1): 1
(c) 7 : 21 (d) none of these
(b) 1 : (2 2 − 1) (c) none of these
49 In the given diagram ∆ABC is an A
isosceles right angled triangle, in 55 In a triangle ABC, the two sides AB and AC are 36 cm and
which a rectangle is inscribed in Q 30 cm, and the radius of its circumcircle is 45 cm. What’s
such a way that the length of the P the length of perpendicular drawn from its vertex A on the
rectangle in twice of breadth. Q and sides BC?
R lie on the hypotenuse and P , S lie R (a) 12 cm (b) 18 cm
on the two different smaller sides of (c) 15 cm (d) 33 cm
B S C
the triangle. What is the ratio of the 56 The sides of a triangle are in the ratio 1 : 3 : 2, then the
areas of the rectangle and that of triangle? angles of the triangle are in the ratio
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (a) 1 : 3 : 5 (b) 2 : 3 : 4
(c) 1 : 2 (d) 3 : 2 (c) 3 : 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 2 : 3
50 An n sided polygon has ‘n’ diagonals, then the value of n is : 57 If the angles of a triangles are in the ratio 4 : 1 : 1, then the
(a) 4 (b) 6 ratio of the longest sides to the perimeter is
(c) 7 (d) 5 (a) 3 : (2 + 3) (b) 1 : 6
51 How many distinct equilateral triangles can be formed in a (c) 1 : (2 + 3) (d) 2 : 3
regular nonagon having at two of their vertices as the 58 Let ABC and ABC′ be two non-congruent triangles with
vertices of nonagon? sides AB = 4, AC = AC ′ = 2 2 and ∠B = 30°. The absolute
(a) 72 (b) 36 value of the difference between the areas of these
(c) 66 (d) none of these triangles is
52 ABC is a triangle in which D, E and F are the mid-points of (a) 2 (b) 2 2
the sides AC , BC and AB respectively. What is the ratio of (c) 4 (d) 3 2
the area of the shaded to the unshaded region in the 59 The sides of triangle ABC are 5, 5, 6 and the sides of
triangle? triangle PQR are 5, 5, 8. Find the correct relation between
C
the areas of two triangles.
(a) ∆ABC > ∆PQR (b) ∆ABC < ∆PQR
(c) ∆ABC = ∆PQR (d) can’t be determined
60 The sides AC , BC and AB of a triangle ABC are tangents to
D E its incircle at D, E and F, respectively. Point D lies on the
hypotenuse AC such that D is the circumcentre of the
triangle ABC. Find EF : AC .
A F B 1 1
(a) (b)
2 2 2+ 2
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 3 : 4 1
(c) 4 : 5 (d) none of these (c) (d) none of these
2− 2

Page 139 of 277

Geometry 607

61 The inradius and circumradius of a right angle triangle are 67 In the following isosceles triangle, in which AC = BC and
6 cm and 16 cm. Find the area (in sq. cm) of the triangle. AB = BD = DE = EF = FC = 6 cm, find BE.
(a) 304 (b) 228 A
(c) 288 (d) none of these D
62 A circle is the circumcircle for the triangle DEF and the
F
incircle for the triangle ABC. If the angles of ∆DEF are
76° , 56° and 48°, find the values of internal angles of C
∆ABC. B E
(a) 32, 46, 92 (b) 28, 68, 84 (a) 9 (b) 4.5
(c) 38, 48, 74 (d) data insufficient (c) 7.5 (d) none of these

63 In a ∆ABC, a perpendicular OD is drawn on the side AC 68 A fox, camouflaged in the bush, observes from the ground,
from the mid-point of the side AB. If BC = 4 3 cm, find that it takes 2 minutes for the angle of elevation of the
the length of OD. squirrel to change from 30° to 60°. If the speed of fox is 3
(a) 2 cm (b) 3 cm times that of the squirrel, find the time taken by fox to
(c) 4 cm (d) none of these reach the tree from the bush.
(a) 1 minute (b) 3 minute
64 The hypotenuse AC of a right angle triangle ABC is 42 cm.
(c) 3 minutes (d) 4/ 3 minutes
This triangle has the maximum possible area with the
given hypotenuse. A rectangle EFGH is formed in such a 69 In an isosceles triangle ABC base AB = 6 cm and each
way that the two vertices G and H lie on the hypotenuse lateral side is 5 cm. Find the circumcentre of the triangle
AC while the vertices E and F lie on BC and AB, ABC.
respectively. If EH = 14 cm, find the area of the largest 22 25 21 23
(a) cm (b) cm (c) cm (d) cm
possible circle that can be inscribed in the rectangle EFGH. 7 8 8 7
(a) 155 sq cm (b) 140 sq cm 70 Let P be the centre of the square A
(c) 154 sq cm (d) data insufficient constructed on hypotenuse AC of
65 In an isosceles triangle ABC, side BC is distinct from rest of the right angle triangle ABC. If
∠BCA − ∠BAC = 20°. Find the P
the two sides. CD and BE are the medians on AB and AC,
respectively. If W, X, Y and Z represents distinct areas in value of ∠ABP − ∠CBP. B
the triangle, find the ratio of W : X : Y : Z. (a) 10° (b) 20°
(c) 5° C
A
(d) none of these
71 In a quadrilateral ABCD, ∠B = ∠C = 60° and ∠D = 90°.
Find the length of CD, if AD = 3 3 cm and BC = 6 3 cm.
Z (a) 3(2 3 − 1) cm (b) 6( 3 − 1) cm
D E
(c) 2(3 3 − 1) cm (d) 3(2 3 − 1) cm
O
W Y
72 In a trapezium ABCD, where AB || CD and diagonals AC
intersects the other diagonal BD at O. Which of the
X
following statements are always correct?
B C (i) ∆AOB ~ ∆COD
(ii) ∆DOA ~ ∆COB
(a) 1 : 2 : 1 : 3 (b) 1 : 3 : 1 : 4
(c) 1 : 2 : 1 : 2 (d) 2 : 3 : 2 : 3 (iii) Area ∆DOA = Area ∆COB

66 The perimeter of an isosceles triangle is 20 cm and if b is (iv) Area ∆AOB = Area ∆COD
the length of the third side which is distinct from the other D C
two equal sides, find b.
 20  20 
(a) 1,  ∪ , 10 O
 3  3 
 20  20 
(b)  0,  ∪ , 10 A B
 3  3 
(c) 0 < b < a (a) only (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) only (i), (ii), (iv)
(d) 5 < b < 10 (c) only (i) and (iii) (d) only (i)

Page 140 of 277

608 QUANTUM CAT
73 In an isosceles ∆ABC, where, AC = BC . A line segment DE 77 A circle is circumscribed by an isosceles trapezium in
is drawn parallel to the side AB, where D and E are which one of the parallel sides is 49/16 times the other
midpoints of AC and BC, respectively. The diagonals AE parallel side. If the area of the trapezium is 3640 sq. cm,
find the area of the circle.
and DB of the trapezium ABED intersect each other at O.
(a) 1890 sq. cm (b) 2464 sq. cm
Which of the following are necessarily true?
(c) 2884 sq. cm (d) 1694 sq. cm
(i) Area ∆DOA = Area ∆EOB
(ii) Area ∆AOB = 4(Area ∆DOE )
78 If the opposite sides of a cyclic quadrilateral are equal and
the sum of two of the adjacent sides is
(iii) Area ∆CDE = 9(Area ∆DOE )
10 cm, find the maximum possible area of the
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
quadrilateral (in sq. cm).
(c) (i) and (iii) (d) (i) and (ii)
(a) 100 (b) 25
74 In an isosceles triangle ABC, such that AC = BC and (c) 24 (d) data insufficient
DE || AB, where D and E lie on the side AC and BC,
respectively. The area of DOE = 40 cm 2 and area of Directions (for Q. Nos. 79 and 80) : Answer the following
∆AOB = 250 cm 2, find the area (in cm 2) of AOD and area questions based on the information given below.
of ∆ACB, respectively. In a kite, the shorter diagonal intersects the longer diagonal in
C the ratio of 6 : 7. And, the longer diagonal of the kite is 52 cm
and perimeter of the kite is 208 cm.
79 Find the area of the circle inscribed in this kite.
D E (a) 2080 sq. cm (b) 1263 sq. cm
(c) 1591 sq. cm (d) 2340 sq. cm
O
80 If there are four non-overlapping circles inscribed in each
of the four triangles formed due to the intersection of two
A B
perpendicular diagonals of the kite, find the perimeter of
(a) 100 and 700 (b) 150 and 600 the quadrilateral that is formed by joining the centers of
(c) 175 and 600 (d) none of these these four circles.
75 In a trapezium ABCD, AB || CD. AD and BC are not (a) 76 cm (b) 2(19 + 362) cm
necessarily equal. If α = 4 cm 2 and γ = 9 cm 2. Find the (c) 2(19 + 360 ) cm (d) 4 362 cm
(β + δ ) 81 In the following diagram, ABCD is a trapezium, whereas
value of .
(α + β + γ + δ ) AD = DC = BC = 1 unit and ∠ADC = ∠BCD = 108°. Find
the value of line segment AB.
D C
α D C
β O δ

γ
A B
A B (a) 2 (b) 3
(a)
9
(b)
12 (c) 5 − 1 (d) none of these
16 25 82 In a dart the reflex angle is 216° and the angle opposite the
3
(c) (d) none of these reflex angle is 72°. If each of the shorter sides of the dart is
5 1 cm, find the perimeter of the dart, in cm.
76 In the following figure quadrilaterals ABDC and APQC are (a) 3 + 5 (b) 3 + 6 (c) 4 + 3 (d) 5 + 3
concyclic ones. If AB and CD are two parallel lines, then 83 In the following figure, the only reflex
PBDQ is necessarily - angle of the dart is 216° and the second
largest angle is 72°. If each of the two
smaller sides is 1 cm and each of the two
A
(1 + 5)
P
B larger sides is , find the area of
2
Q the dart, in sq. cm.
C D
5− 5
(a) 2 5 − 5 (b)
2
5+ 5 3 5+ 5
(a) a square (b) a rectangle (c) (d)
(c) a parallelogram (d) none of these 2 2 7 2

Page 141 of 277

Geometry 609

84 In the following quadrilateral ABCD, the four mid-points 90 In a ∆ABC , CP and BQ intersect each other at R inside the
P , Q , R , S are joined in such a way that the quadrilateral is triangle, where P and Q lie on the sides AB and AC
divided into six parts. respectively. ∠BAC = 50°, ∠ABC = 70°, ∠ACB = ∠APQ
R C and PC = BC . Find ∠PBQ.
D
(a) 10° (b) 15°
(c) 20° (d) none of these
S Q
O 91 Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(i) A kite always has two axes of symmetry
A P B
(ii) A square is both a kite and an isosceles trapezium
The ratio of the quadrilaterals ~ ASOP , ~ POQB,
(iii) Every kite is an orthodiagonal
~ ORCQ, ~ SDRO is 4 : 5 : 7 : 6 and the ratio of ∆ASP and
∆RCQ is 2 : 5. If S is joined to R and P is joined to Q, find (iv) An isosceles trapezium can have a
the ratio of ~ PQRS and ~ ABCD. circumcircle
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 5 : 11 (v) A kite can always have an incircle
(c) 4 : 11 (d) none of these (vi) If the sum of two opposite sides is not the
85 In a rhombus ABCD, ∠ADC : ∠BCD = 1 : 2 and same as the sum of the other pair of opposite sides, it
can never be a circumscribing quadrilateral.
EF : BD = 1 : 3, where E and F lie on the diagonal BD,
inside the rhombus, such that ~ AECF is a quadrilateral. (a) all, except (ii) and (iv)
Find the ratio of areas of ~ AECF : ~ ABCD. (b) only (ii), (iii) and (v)
(a) 1 : 4 (b) 2 : 5 (c) only (i), (iii), (v)
(c) 3 : 14 (d) none of these (d) all, except (i)
86 An isosceles trapezium whose parallel sides are in the ratio 92 Which of the following statements is/are correct?
1 : 4. It inscribes a circle that touches all the sides of the (i) The intersections of the angle bisectors of the
trapezium. If the sum of the two parallel sides is 70 cm, quadrilateral are the vertices of the cyclic
find the circumference of the inscribed circle. quadrilateral.
(a) 616 cm (b) 14π cm (ii) If diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral perpendicularly
(c) 140 cm (d) none of these intersect at point P, then the line through P
87 A 7 × 24 rectangular thin wall has a 2 × 2 square shaped perpendicular to any side bisects the opposite side.
window in such a way that the intersection of diagonals of (iii) The product of the lengths of the two diagonals of a
rectangle and the intersection of diagonals of square cyclic quadrilateral is equal to the sum of the
coincide with each other. Which one of the following is products of opposite sides.
correct? (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
(a) Diagonals of rectangle and that of square will be the (c) (i) and (iii) (d) all of these
same. 93 Which of the following is correct, considering the given
(b) The diagonals of wall will intersect the vertical sides figure, in which P , Q , R and S are the mid-points of
of the window. AB, BC , CD and AD, respectively?
(c) The diagonals of wall will intersect the horizontal
A
sides of the window.
(d) none of the above X1
P
88 A trapezium inscribes a circle that touches all its sides and S X2 B
the line connecting the mid-points of the non-parallel
sides of the trapezium divides the trapezium in such a way X4
Q
X3
that the area of one part is half the area of the other part. If
D R C
the lengths of the non-parallel sides be 8 cm and 16 cm,
find the length of the shortest side of the trapezium. (i) The perimeter of the parallelogram PQRS is equal to
(a) 4 (b) 6 the sum of the diagonals of the quadrilateral ABCD
(c) 9 (d) none of these (ii) X 1 + X 3 = X 2 + X 4
89 A point O lies inside a square ABCD such that 1
(iii) A(PQRS ) = A( ABCD )
OA = 3, OB = 4 and OD = 5, find the value of OC. 2
(a) 3 3 (b) 6. 67 (a) Only (i) and (iii) (b) only (ii) and (iii)
(c) All three are correct (d) none of the above
(c) 3 2 (d) 4 2

Page 142 of 277

610 QUANTUM CAT
94 In the following quadrilateral ABCD, E and F are the 98 In the following figure if ABCDE is a regular pentagon,
mid-points of DC and AB, respectively. If the area of ∆ADF then AEDF is always
is 9 cm 2 and that of ∆EBC is 18 cm 2, what is the area of E
quadrilateral ABCD?
B
A D
F
F
A
B C
D E C
(a) a cyclic quadrilateral and a parallelogram
(a) 45 cm 2 (b) 27 cm 2 (b) a tangential quadrilateral and a cyclic quadrilateral
(c) data insufficient (d) none of these as well
95 A trapezium ABCD inscribes a circle. The two sides AB and (c) a rhombus and a kite but not a tangential
CD are parallel and the diameter of the circle is equal to quadrilateral
the length of side AD. If DC = 5 cm, find the perimeter of (d) a tangential quadrilateral as well as a rhombus
the trapezium ABCD. 99 In the following figure, ABCDE is a regular pentagon. If
D C AB = 2 cm, find the perimeter of the quadrilateral APDE.
D

E C

P
A B
2
(a) 45 cm (b) 50 cm
(c) 80 cm (d) none of these A B
96 In the following quadrilateral AC and BD are the diagonals (a) 4( 5 − 1) cm (b) 8( 3 − 1) cm
intersecting at a point O inside the quadrilateral. The area (c) 10(2 − 3) cm (d) none of these
of ∆AOD is 32 cm 2 and area of ∆BOC is 18 cm 2. What is the
100 In the following figure, ABCDE is a regular pentagon. If
minimum possible area of the quadrilateral ABCD?
AB = 2 cm, find PC.
D
D

C
E C
O
P

A B
A B
(a) 144 cm 2 (b) 100 cm 2 (c) 98 cm 2 (d) 96 cm 2 (a) 5 − 1 cm (b) 3 − 1 cm
(c) 2 − 3 cm (d) 1.67 cm
97 In the following figure if ABCDE is a regular pentagon,
then ABCD is necessarily 101 In the following diagram, ABCDE A
is a pentagon such that each side
E
is of unit length, how many of the
B E
following relations is/are correct? F G
A D
(i) BE || CD and AC || ED and
AD || BC
(ii) ∆BCF ~ ∆FAG
C D
B C (iii) ∆AFB ~ ∆BAE ~ ∆ABC
(a) a cyclic quadrilateral and a tangential quadrilateral
(iv) BF 2 = GF
as well
(b) a tangential quadrilateral and a trapezium as well (v) ∆BCF : ∆FAG = 1 : FG
(c) a trapezium and a cyclic quadrilateral as well (a) 4 (b) 3
(d) all (a), (b) and (c) (c) 2 (d) 5

Page 143 of 277

Geometry 611

102 If each side of a regular pentagon is 1 cm, find the length There is a circle passing through the points of intersection
of its diagonal. of sides of the two square. And there is another circle
5 2−3 −1 + 5 passing through the vertices of the two squares. If each
(a) (b)
2 2 side of the square is 2 + 2 unit, find the ratio of the area
1+ 5 of the smaller circle to that of the larger circle.
(c) (d) data insufficient
2 2+ 2 3+ 2
(a) (b)
103 If the side of a regular pentagon be 2 cm, find the apothem 3+ 2 2 6+ 4 2
of the pentagon, in cm. 2+ 2
(c) (d) none of these
5+ 2 5 5+ 2 5 3+ 2
(a) (b)
5 10
109 If the apothem of a regular hexagon is a, find each side of
5+ 4 5 10 + 5 the hexagon.
(c) (d)
2 4 3a
(a) (b) 3 a
104 Let A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 be a regular hexagon inscribed in a 2
circle of unit radius. Then the product of the lengths of the 2
(c) 0.67 a (d) a
line segments A 0 A 1, A 0 A 2, A 0 A 4 is 3
3 3 3 110 In the following figure find the ratio of the area of the
(a) (b) 3 3 (c) 3 (d)
4 2 internal hexagon to that of the external regular hexagon.
105 In the following figure, a regular hexagon is divided into
various parts. The area of respective part is indicated by
W , X , Y, Z. Find W : X : Y : Z.
A B

W
F C
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 6 : 2
X
(c) 7 : 2 (d) 4 : 1
G
Y
Z Y 111 In the following figure find the ratio of the shaded
E D triangular area to that of the remaining area of the regular
(a) 7 : 4 : 2 : 1 (b) 8 : 3 : 2 : 1 hexagon.
(c) 13 : 6 : 3 : 1 (d) 9 : 4 : 2 : 1
106 A circle intersects a hexagon such that the area of hexagon
outside the circle is same as the area of circle outside the
hexagon. If each side of the hexagon is a, what is the area
of circle?
3 2 2 3 3 2
(a) a (b) a
π 2
3 3π 2 (a) 2 : 5 (b) 2 : 3 7
(c) a (d) none of these
2 (c) 3 : 8 (d) 1 : 2
107 A regular dodecagon (a polygon with 12 sides) is inscribed 112 In the following diagram, as shown below, a regular
in a circle. How many diagonals of this dodecagon would hexagon of side 3 cm inscribes 7 smaller regular hexagons.
not pass through the centre of the circumscribing circle? Find the area of the shaded region (of the triangles) within
(a) 24 (b) 36 the larger hexagon.
(c) 42 (d) none of these
108 There are two congruent squares
placed in such a way that the sides of
one square are parallel to the
diagonals of the other square,
whereas the point of intersection of
diagonals of one square coincides
with that of the diagonals of the (a) 6 sq. cm (b) 4 3 sq. cm
other. (c) 3 3 sq. cm (d) none of these

Page 144 of 277

612 QUANTUM CAT
113 In the following figure a hexagram consists of a hexagon 118 If each side of the octagon be a, then find the shortest
and six equilateral triangles outside the hexagon. If a diagonal of the octagon.
circle is inscribed in the hexagon and the area of the (a) ( 2 + 2 ) a (b) (1 + 2)a
inscribed circle is 3π sq. cm, find the area of the
(c) 2(1 + 2)a (d) ( 4 + 2 2 ) a
circumscribed circle of the regular hexagram.
119 If each side of the octagon be a, then find the longest
diagonal of the octagon.
(a) ( 2 + 2 ) a (b) (1 + 2)a
(c) 2(1 + 2)a (d) ( 4 + 2 2 ) a
120 If d1, d2, d3 be the three distinct diagonals of a regular
octagon, such that d1 < d2 < d3, find the ratio of the
inradius to the circumradius of the octagon.
(a) 12π sq. cm (b) 9π sq. cm
d d2 d dd
(c) 6 3 sq. cm (d) none of these (a) 1 (b) (c) 2 (d) 1 32
d3 d3 d3 (d2 )
114 In the following hexagonal ring the area of shaded region
is 3 times the area of the un-shaded region. Find the ratio 121 In the following figure the regular octagon has some
of perimeter of the outer hexagon to that of the inner shaded area and some unshaded area. Find the ratio of the
hexagon. shaded area to the unshaded area.

(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 3 (c) 1 : 2 (d) 2 : 1

(a) 3 : 1 (b) 3 : 1 122 The midpoints of alternating sides of a regular octagon are
(c) 1 : 2 (d) none of these joined to form a square. If each side of the octagon is a,
115 The following figure shows a concave find each side of the square.
hexagon. Out of six internal angles it (2 + 2)a (4 + 2)a
(a) (b)
has each of the three acute angles 2 2
equal to 36° and remaining three 2(1 + 2)a
angles are reflex. If each side of the (c) (d) (2 + 2)a
2
symmetrical concave hexagon is
1 + 5 mm, find the total area of this hexagon, in sq. mm. 123 If each side of the octagon is a, find the area of the
octagon.
(a) 3 + 3( 5 + 2 5 ) (b) 3 3 + 3( 5 + 2 5 )
(a) 2( 2 − 1) a2 (b) 4(1 + 2)a2
(c) 3 + 3( 10 − 2 5 ) (d) 2 5 + 3( 10 − 2 5 )
(c) 2(2 + 2)a2 (d) 2(1 + 2)a2
116 If the side of an square is a, then find the side of the regular
124 In the following figure a square inscribes 4 congruent kites
octagon that can be inscribed in this square.
and 4 congruent isosceles triangles. The area of each kite
a(1 + 2) a
(a) (b) is same as the area of each triangle. Find the ratio of the
2 3 longer diagonal to the shorter diagonal of each kite
a
(c) (d) none of these
2+ 2
117 Find the value of angle x in a regular octagon as shown
below

2 1+ 2
(a) (b)
x 1 2
2
(a) 145° (b) 125° (c) (d) data insufficient
1
(c) 136° (d) none of these

Page 145 of 277

Geometry 613

125 In the following figure two 130 In the following figure the four
congruent squares are placed in such equispaced vertices of a regular
a way that the diagonals of one dodecagon are connected in such a
square are parallel to the sides of the way that they create a quadrilateral,
other square and all the four as shown below. If each side of the
diagonals intersect at the same quadrilateral is 3 + 1 cm, find the
point. If the area of the shaded circumradius of the dodecagon.
region is 4 cm 2, find the area of the ( 3 + 1) 2( 6 + 1)
(a) cm (b) cm
common region. 2 3
(a) 4 + 2 2 cm 2 (b) 4(1 + 2) cm 2 ( 12 + 1)
(c) cm (d) none of these
(c) 2 + 2 cm 2 (d) none of these 5
131 A regular dodecagon is inscribed in a circle of radius 1 cm.
126 Find the angle AGE in the regular dodecagon shown below.
Find the area of the dodecagon
(a) 3 sq. cm (b) 3 2 sq. cm
G (c) 2 3 sq. cm (d) none of these
132 Three circles with radii 3, 4 and 5 touch each other
externally. If P is the only point of intersection of tangents
A E to these circles, find the distance of P from the points of
contact.
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 3
(a) 30° (b) 45°
(c) 75° (d) none of these 133 Three points X , Y and Z are concyclic to the larger circle
127 Find the angle AHE in the regular dodecagon shown below. with radius 15 cm and there is another concentric circle
with radius 8 cm such that XY and XZ are tangents to the
H smaller circle. At how many points does YZ intersect the
larger circle?
(a) 0 (b) 1
A
(c) 2 (d) can’t say

Directions (for Q. Nos. 134 and 135): Answer the following

E
questions based on the information given below.
(a) 45° (b) 50° A circle with centre O and radius 2 cm inscribes a triangle ABC .
(c) 55° (d) none of these Two tangents AD and BD are drawn from a point D outside the
128 Find the angle AHC in the regular dodecagon shown circle and ∠ABD = 60°.
below. 134 Find the area of ~ OADB, in cm 2.
H
(a) 4 3 (b) 3 3
(c) 4 (d) none of these
135 Find the maximum possible area of ~ ACBD, in cm 2.
(a) 6 3 (b) 8 3
14
(c) (d) none of these
3
A C 136 Triangle ABC inscribes a circle with centre O and inradius
(a) 15° (b) 22.5° (c) 30° (d) 45° 6 cm. The inradius OD divides side BC at D, such that
BD = 2 cm and DC = 8 cm. Find the ratio AB : AC .
129 In the following figure the three
(a) 4 : 7 (b) 5 : 7
equispaced vertices of a regular
(c) 4 : 5 (d) cannot be determined
dodecagon are connected in such a
way that they create a triangle, as 137 A circle with radius 12 cm has two perpendicular chords
shown below. If each side of the AB and CD intersecting at a point R, other than the centre
O, where RD = 6 cm and RB = 18 cm. Find the length of
triangle is 3 2 + 3 cm, find the
AR.
circumradius of the dodecagon. 3 3
(a) 6 (b) 4
(a) 6 + 3 cm (b) 3 + 2 3 cm 5 5
(c) 2 + 3 cm (d) none of these (c) 4 5 (d) Data inconsistent

Page 146 of 277

614 QUANTUM CAT
138 There are two tangents AT and BT on a circle of radius 142 In the following figure there are four chords
30 cm. A line OT(= 50 cm) connects the centre O with the AB, CD, AC , BD in a circle. If AB = 6, AP = 2, BP = 5,
external point T . Another tangent CD touches the circle at DP = 3, find CD.
P such that C and D lie on the line segments AT and BT , A
respectively. Points P and T lie on the same side of the
circle. Find the maximum possible area (in sq. cm) of the
circle inscribed in the triangle CDT . D B
P
(a) 56.25 π (b) 49 π
(c) 42.25 π (d) none of these
139 In the following figure there are two smaller circles C
inscribed in a larger circle touching each other. The
(a) 4 (b) 5
centres of all the three circles fall on AB, and CD is tangent
(c) 9 (d) none of these
to both the interior circles. If CD = 16 cm, find the area of
the shaded region. 143 In a circle, its radius OP is intersected by a chord AB at C,
C where O is the centre of the circle, such that AC = 7, BC = 5
and PC = 1, find the radius of the circle.

A B
P O
A
C
D
B
(a) 35 π sq. cm (b) 28 π sq. cm P
(c) 32 π sq. cm (d) data insufficient (a) 12
140 In the following figure AB = 21 cm, BC = 15 cm, AC = 24 (b) 15
(c) data insufficient
cm. Point P is the mid-point of arc AC, and chord BD
(d) none of the above
bisects chord AC at P. Find the ratio BP / PD.
B 144 In a circle, its radius OP is extended to meet a point A
outside the circle and a line segment AB is drawn from A
to a point B on the circle. If O is the centre of the circle
A
P
C and AP = 7, AB = 14, find the circumference of the circle.
B

D A P O
(a) 1 : 16 (b) 1 : 21
(c) 1 : 21 (d) none of these
141 In the following figure one side of the ∆ABC passes (a) 66 (b) 67
through the centre P of the circle and the other two sides (c) 70 (d) none of these
of this triangle are tangents to this circle. If BN = 2cm and 145 In the following diagram, there are two circles externally
AC = 6 cm, find the radius of the circle. tangent to each other and there is a common tangent CP
B touch the circles at C and D. AC and BD are the radii of the
two circles. If AC = 15 and BD = 6, find the distance
N between C and D.
M C
D
P
P
A B
A
C
(a) 4 cm (b) 2 cm (a) 12 cm (b) 18 cm
(c) 2.5 cm (d) none of these (c) 21 cm (d) 6 10

Page 147 of 277

Geometry 615

146 A circle has its total area A. There are four equal circles A B
tangent to this circle passing through the centre of this
circle and tangent to this circle. The area of each such
circle is B. The area of each region that is created by
overlapping of any two of these circles is D and the area of
each region that is not covered by these circles within the
π
larger circle is C. If D = , find the value of C. D C
2π 25 π
(a) (b) 148 Find the side of the square.
25 5 5
π 2+ 2 2 2 −1
(c) (d) none of these (a) cm (b) cm
49 2 2
1+ 2
147 An equilateral triangle ABC is tangent to a circle, with (c) cm (d) data insufficient
centre O, at the midpoint D. If C lies on the circumference 2
of the circle and its radius is 6 cm, find the area of the 149 Find the common area between the circle and the square.
overlapping region. 3π − 2 π+2
(a) sq. cm (b) sq. cm
C 3 2
3(π − 2)
(c) sq. cm (d) data insufficient
4
O 150 In the following figure one side of a square is tangent to
the circle, as shown here. If each side of the square be
24 cm, what would be the radius of the circle?
A D B

(a) 12π + 21 2 sq. cm (b) 12π + 16 3 sq. cm

(c) 12π + 18 3 sq. cm (d) none of these

Directions (for Q. Nos. 148 and 149) Answer the following

questions based on the information given below.
In the following figure the two non-parallel sides AD and CD of a
square ABCD are tangent to a circle of radius 1 cm in such a way (a) 12 cm (b) 16 cm
that the vertex B lies on the circumference of the circle. (c) can’t be determined (d) none of these

LEVEL 02 > HIGHER LEVEL EXERCISE

1 The semiperimeter of a right angled triangle is 126 cm and 4 In the given figure O is the centre of the O
the shortest median is 53 cm. What is the area of a triangle circle, SP and TP are the two tangents at S
S T
which has the largest median as its longest side? and T respectively. ∠SPT is 50°, the value
(a) 1560 cm 2 (b) 1260 cm 2 of ∠SQT is : Q
2
(c) 1060 cm (d) none of these (a) 125° (b) 65°
2 In an isosceles right angled triangle ABC, ∠B is right (c) 115°
50°
angle. Angle bisector of ∠BAC is AN cut at M to the (d) none of the above
median BO. Point O lies on the hypotenuse. OM is 20 cm, 5 A 6.5 m long ladder is standing against a P
then the value of AB is : wall and the difference between the base
(a) 38.96 cm of the ladder and wall is 5.2 m. If the top of the ladder now
(b) 24.18 cm slips by 1.4 m, then by how much will the foot of the
(c) 34.134 cm ladder slip?
(d) none of the above (a) 1.2 m (b) 0.8 m
3 In a right angled triangle ∠B and ∠A are acute angles. If (c) 0.75 (d) can’t be determined
∠A − ∠B = k, where A and B are integers, then how many 6 In a triangle all the three angles A, B, C are in integers,
integer values can k take? then the number of values that A, B and C can take :
(a) 80 (b) 88 (c) 45 (d) 89 (a) 89 (b) 90 (c) 178 (d) 180

Page 148 of 277

616 QUANTUM CAT
D A P W B
7 In the given figure of circle, ‘O’ is the C 14 In the adjoining figure ABCD,
centre of the circle and M
PQRS and WXYZ are three
Q
∠AOB = 130°. What is the value of squares. Find number of triangles Z
∠DMC? and quadrilaterals in the figure.
(a) 65° A O (a) 24 and 16 X
(b) 125° B (b) 28 and 15 S
(c) 85° (c) 27 and 16
(d) can’t be determined D Y R C
(d) none of the above
8 In a right angled triangle ABC, ∠B is right angle, side AB is 15 In the given figure ABC is a
C
half of the hypotenuse. AE is parallel to median BD and CE triangle in which CDEFG is a
is parallel to BA. What is the ratio of length of BC to that of pentagon. Triangles ADE and
EC? BFG are equilateral triangles D G
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 3 : 2
each with side 2 cm and EF = 2
(c) 5 : 3 (d) can’t be determined
cm. Find the area of the
9 In an equilateral triangle ABC, AO , BO and CO are the pentagon. A E B
F
2 2
angle bisectors meet at the incentre ‘O’. D, E and F are the (a) 8 3cm (b) 7 3 cm
mid- points of AO , BO and CO respectively. A circle with (c) 15 3 cm 2 (d) 11.28 cm 2
centre O passes through D, E and F. Area of the circle is
16 PQRS is a quadrilateral which is formed by joining the
3π cm2. What is the perimeter of triangles (∆ ) ABC?
mid-points of a quadrilateral ABCD, such that ∠A = 75° ,
(a) 12 3 cm (b) 18 cm ∠B = 95° , ∠C = 110°.
(c) 6 3 cm (d) none of these If ∠PQR = 90° , what is the value of ∠PSR?
10 Two trains Punjab mail and Lucknow mail starts (a) 90° (b) 110°
simultaneously from Patiala and Lakhimpur respectively (c) 60° (d) 75°
towards each other with the speed of 40 km/h and 17 ABCD is a quadrilateral in C
60 km/h respectively on the same track Lakhimpur is z y x
which = = = r and k D y
500 km due east of Patiala. A plane starts flying at y x w z
200 km/h at the same time from Patiala to Jalandhar.
is an integer. Also
Jalandhar is 100 km due north of Patiala. After travelling
{w, x} < 90 and { y, z} > 90,
sometime two trains Punjab mail and Lucknow mail colide
then the difference between w x
with each other. The plane moves continuously to and fro
the greatest angle and A B
between Patiala to Jalandhar till the collision of the trains.
smallest angle (i.e., z − w) is
How far would the plane have travelled?
(a) 168° (b) 172°
(a) 100 km (b) 1000 km
(c) 128° (d) 212°
(c) 2000 km (d) can’t be determined
18 In the adjoining figure, O is the centre of the circle and PQ ,
11 In the above question (number 10) what is the distance
between the place of accident and the plane at the PR and ST are the three tangents. ∠QPR = 50° , then the
moment of accident of two trains? value of ∠SOT is :
(a) 200 km (b) 250 km Q S
(c) 400 km (d) data insufficient
12 In the given figure ∠B is right C O M 50°
P
angle. AD : BD = 3 : 2 and
CE : BE = 5 : 2 and R T
AF : FC = 1 : 1. What is the area F
(a) 30°
of ∆ABC, if the area of ∆BDE is E
(b) 75°
20 cm2?
(c) 65°
(a) 40 cm2
A D B (d) can’t be determined
(b) 35 cm2
(c) 52.5 cm 2
(d) none of the above 19 The number of points of intersection of the diagonals of a
regular hexagon is :
13 In a triangle ABC with side AB = AC and ∠BAC = 20°, D is
(a) 10 (b) 15
a point on side AC and BC = AD. Find ∠DBC. (c) 18 (d) 19
(a) 50° (b) 45° (c) 65° (d) 70°

Page 149 of 277

Geometry 617

20 In the adjoining figure ABCD, P and R are the mid-points 25 ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
of the sides AB and CD. ABCD is a parallelogram. What is The angle bisector of ∠A, ∠B, ∠C D C
the ratio of the shaded to the unshaded region? and ∠D intersect at P , Q , R and S R
R as shown in the figure. These four
D C S
points form a quadrilateral PQRS.
A P Q
Quadrilateral PQRS is a :
Q (a) square (b) rhombus
S B
(c) rectangle
(d) cyclic quadrilateral
A B
P 26 In the adjoining figure the diameter
of the larger circle is 10 cm and the
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/3
smaller circle touches internally the O
(c) 1/4 (d) none of these
lager circle at P and passes through
21 In the adjoining figure ABCD is a rectangle. Find the P
O, the centre of the larger circle.
maximum number of rectangles including the largest R
Chord SP cuts the smaller circle at R S
possible rectangle. and OR is equal to 4 cm. What is the
D P R C length of the chord SP?
(a) 9 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 6 cm (d) 8 2 cm
27 In the given figure ABCD is a cyclic A
E F quadrilateral, DO = 8 cm and CO = 4 cm. B
AC is the angle bisector of ∠BAD. The
length of AD is equal to the length of O
A Q S B AB. DB intersects diagonal AC at O, what
(a) 16 (b) 7 (c) 18 (d) 24 is the length of the diagonal AC ?
D C
(a) 20 cm (b) 24
P Q
22 ABC is an isosceles cm
triangle and AC and BC R (c) 16 cm (d) none of these
are the tangents at M and 28 In the given triangle ABC, the length of A
N respectively. DE is the A D O E B sides AB and AC is same (i.e., b = c) and
diameter of the circle.
60° < A < 90° , then the possible length c b
∠ADP = ∠BEQ = 100°. M N
of BC is :
What is value of ∠PRD? C (a) b < a < 2b
(a) 60° c
B a C
(b) 50° (b) < a < 3a
3
(c) 20° (d) can’t be determined
(c) b < a < b 3
23 In the above question if OC is half of the AB, the value of (d) c < a < c 2
∠ACB is :
29 In the following figure there is a semicircle with centre ‘O’
(a) 60° (b) 90° and diameter AB (= 2 r). PQRS is a square of maximum
(c) 80° (d) can’t be determined possible area. P and Q lie on the diameter AB and R, S lie
24 In the adjoining figure, O is D E on the arc of the semicircle. There are two more squares of
the centre of the circle with maximum possible area EFGP and CDQH. What is the sum
radius r. AB, CD and EF are of lengths of RC and FS?
the diameters of the circle. A B S R
∠OAF = ∠OCB = 60°. What is 60° O
the area of the shaded region? 60°
C
F E D
r2  3 3
(a) π −  F
2 2  C
A G P O Q H B
r2  3 3
(b) π − 
2  4  (a)
2
(2 r) (b)
2 2r
r2  2 3 5 5
(c) π −  2
3  3  (c) r (d) none of these
5
(d) data insufficient

Page 150 of 277

618 QUANTUM CAT
30 In the adjoining figure ∠BAD = a, ∠ABC = b and 34 In the adjoining figure ABC is a right angle triangle, BDEF
∠BCD = c and ∠ADC = d, find the value of ∠ABC in is a square, AE = 7.5 cm and AC = 18 cm. What is the area
terms of a, c and d. of triangle ABC?
A B

D F

C
A E C

B D (a) 76.621 cm 2 (b) 70.054 cm 2

(c) 83.25 cm 2 (d) 90.90 cm 2
(a) c − (a + d ) (b) a − (c + d )
(c) b − (c + d ) (d) none of these 35 There are two congruent triangles each with area 198
31 In the given diagram CT is tangent at C, making an angle of cm 2. Triangle DEF is placed over triangle ABC in such a
π way that the centroids of both the triangles coincide with
with CD. O is the centre of the circle. CD = 10 cm. What is each other and AB || DE , as shown in figure, thus forming a
4
the perimeter of the shaded region (∆AOC ) star . What is the area of the common region PQRSTU ?
approximately?
C D E
A z x
y

O y
x z
B D
A B F
T C
C

(a) 27 cm (b) 30 cm D E
T S
(c) 25 cm (d) 31 cm U R
32 In the given diagram, O is the centre of the circle and AC is P Q
the diameter. ∠ADB is 120°. Radius of the circle is 6 cm, A B
what is the area of the triangle ABC?
F
C (a) 99 cm 2 (b) 132 cm 2
O (c) 148 cm 2 (d) can’t be determined
36 What is the sum of all the angles of a 9 pointed star
A B (i.e., ∠1 + ∠ 2 + ∠ 3 + . . . ∠ 8 + ∠ 9 )?

D (a) 909° (b) 900°

(a) 18 3 cm 2
(b) 24 3 cm 2 (c) 720° (d) 540°
(c) 27 cm 2 (d) data insufficient 37 A circle is circumscribed by a rhombus which in turn is
33 In the given figure ABC is a triangle in which 3AD = CD produced by joining the mid-points of a rectangle whose
sides are 12 cm and16 cm, respectively. What is the area of
and E lies on BD, DE = 2BE . What is the ratio of area of
the circle?
∆ABE and area of ∆ABC ? 625 676
(a) π (b) π
B 26 25
576
(c) π (d) can’t be determined
25
E
38 There are n rectangles each with area 200 cm 2. If the
dimensions of each n rectangles are in integers then the
A D C value of n is :
(a) 4 (b) 6
(a) 1/12 (b) 1/3 (c) 12 (d) none of these
(c) 1/2 (d) none of these

Page 151 of 277

Geometry 619

39 There are 8 points on a plane, out of which 4 points lie on 43 What is the ratio of AB : BR ?
the circumference of the same circle and rest 4 points do (a) 7:5
not lie on a single circumference of a circle and also they (b) 7:6
are non-collinear. Maximum how many circles can be (c) 7 : 10
drawn such that each contains at least three of the given (d) data insufficient
points?
44 What is the ratio of area of ∆APR and ∆BQR ?
(a) 53 (b) 32 (c) 35 (d) 56
C (a) 169 : 36
40 ABC is an isosceles triangle (b) 144 : 25
a circle is such that it passes F (c) 625 : 144
through vertex C and AB (d) can’t be determined
acts as a tangent at D for E
the same circle. AC and BC A 45 If x 2+ y 2 + z 2 = xy + yz + zx , then the triangle is :
D B
intersects the circle at E A
and F respectively AC = BC = 4 cm and AB = 6 cm.
Also D is the mid-point of AB. What is the ratio
of EC : ( AE + AD ) ? z y
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 3
(c) 2 : 5 (d) none of these
B
41 A smaller circle touches internally to a B x C
C
larger circle at A and passes through the (a) isosceles (b) right angled
centre of the larger circle. O is the centre (c) equilateral (d) scalene
O
of the larger circle and BA, OA are the
D 46 In the adjoining figure ABCD is a rectangle in which length
diameters of the larger and smaller
circles, respectively. Chord AC is twice of breadth. H and G divide the line CD into three
A equal parts. Similarly points E and F trisect the line AB. A
intersects the smaller circle at a point D.
If AC = 12 cm, then AD is : circle PQRS is circumscribed by a square PQRS which
(a) 4 cm (b) 6 cm passes through the points E , F , G and H . What is the ratio
(c) 5.6 cm (d) data insufficient of areas of circle to that of rectangle?
C S
42 In the given figure ADEC is a
cyclic quadrilateral, CE and D C
AD are extended to meet at B. E H G
∠CAD = 60° and ∠CBA = 30° . P R
BD = 6 cm and CE = 5 3 cm,
60° 30°
What is the ratio of AC : AD ? E F
A D B
3 A B
(a)
4 Q
4
(b)
5 (a) 3π : 7 (b) 3 : 4
2 3 (c) 25 π : 72 (d) 32π : 115
(c)
5 47 In the adjoining figure there are two congruent regular
(d) cant’ be determined hexagons each with side 6 cm.
Directions (for Q. Nos. 43 and 44) In the following diagram A E D E R D
and B are the centres of the two different circles. PQR is a common
tangent. Points A , B , and R lie on the straight line. Distance
between A and B is 25 cm and the distance between P and Q is
F C F C
24 cm. Diameter of the larger circle is 24 cm.
P P Q

A B A B
Q
What is the ratio of area of ∆BDF and ∆PQR, if P , Q and R
A are the mid-points of side AF , BC and DE ?
B R (a) 6 : 5 (b) 7 : 6
(c) 4 : 3 (d) 1 : 1

Page 152 of 277

620 QUANTUM CAT
48 ABCD is a square, in which a circle is inscribed touching all What is the ratio of perimeters of ∆ABC : ∆DEF : ∆PQR ?
the sides of a square. In the four corners of square 4 smaller C
circles of equal radii are drawn, containing maximum
F
possible area. What is the ratio of the area of larger circle
to that of sum of the areas of four smaller circles ? R
D C

P Q
D E
A B

(a) 3 2 : 2 2 : 1
(b) 2 (4 + 3): (2 + 3): 3
A B (c) 2(1 + 3):(2 + 3): 2
(a) 1 :(68 − 48 2) (b) 1 : 17 2 (d) 2(1 + 3): 2 3 : 3
(c) 3 :(34 − 12 2) (d) none of these 52 In the given figure, P and Q are the mid-points of AC and
49 In the adjoining figure ∠ACE is a right angle. There are AB. Also, PG = GR and HQ = HR .
three circles which just touch each other where What is the ratio of area of ∆PQR : area of ∆ABC?
AC and EC are the tangents to all the three circles. What is C
the ratio of radii of the largest circle to that of the smallest
circle? R
G

P
H
A E

B D A Q B
(a) 1/2 (b) 2/3
(c) 3/5 (d) none of these

C 53 A trapezium PQRS inscribes a circle which touches the

circle at M , A, N and B. Radius of circle is 10 cm. The
(a) 17 : 12 2 (b) 1 : (17 − 12 2)
length of each non-parallel side is 21 cm. What is the
(c) 12 : 17 2 (d) none of these perimeter of the trapezium?
50 In a right angle triangle ABC , ∠A is right angle, DE is (a) 82 cm (b) 84 cm
(c) 85.5 cm (d) can’t be determined
parallel to the hypotenuse BC and the length of DE is 65%
the length of BC, what is the area of ∆ADE, if the area of 54 In the given diagram, river PQ is just perpendicular to the
∆ABC is 68 cm 2 ? national highway AB. At a point B highway just turns at
C right angle and reaches to C. PA = 500 m and BQ = 700 m
and width of the uniformly wide river (i.e., PQ) is 300m.
Also BC = 3600 m. A bridge has to be constructed across
E the river perpendicular to its stream in such a way that a
person can reach from A to C via bridge covering least
possible distance. What is the minimum possible required
distance from A to C including the length of the bridge?
A D B A
2 2
(a) 27.83 cm (b) 41.6 cm P
(c) 28.73 cm 2 (d) none of these
Q
51 In the adjoining figure three congruent circles are
touching each other. Triangle ABC circumscribes all the
three circles. Triangle PQR is formed by joining the
centres of the circle. There is a third triangle DEF. Points B 3600 m C
A, D, P and B, E , Q and C , F , R lie in the same straight (a) 4100 m (b) 3900 m
lines respectively. (c) 3000 2 m (d) none of these

Page 153 of 277

Geometry 621

55 In a triangle ABC, AD is the angle bisector of ∠BAC and A

∠BAD = 60°. What is the length of AD ? 3
A 4 X

5
Y Z
c b
1
B C
D
B a C (a) 8 : 25 (b) 9 : 25
(c) 9 : 64 (d) none of these
b+c bc (b + c)2
(a) (b) (c) b2 + c2 (d) 60 In a triangle ABC point D and E lie on the sides AB and AC,
bc b+c bc
respectively. Line segments DC and BE intersect inside the
56 The top of the two parallel towers AB and CD can be triangle at O. The area of ∆BOC = 8 sq. cm, ∆BDO = 7 sq.
accessed through two ladders BC = 210 m and AD = 174 m cm and ∆CEO = 4 sq. cm. Find the area of quadrilateral
such that the foot of each ladder touches the foot of the ADOE.
other building. If there is a tree EF = 70 m somewhere (a) 21 sq. cm (b) 28 sq. cm
between the points A and C, such that the peak of the tree (c) 25 sq. cm (d) 19 sq. cm
F is the point of cross section of the two ladders, wherein 61 In a triangle ABC, the vertex B is connected to a point D on
points A, E and C are collinear, find the horizontal AC and the vertex C is connected to a point E on AB. The
distance AC between the two towers. line segments BD and EC intersect at a point F inside the
B ∆ABC, as shown in the diagram. If the area of ∆BEF , ∆BCF
and ∆CDF are a, b and c respectively. What is the area of
quadrilateral AEFD in terms of a, b, c?
D A
F

A E C d
E
(a) 125 (b) 126 (c) 127 (d) 135 D
F
a c
Directions (for Q. Nos. 57 and 58) Answer the following questions
b
based on the information given below.
In the following triangle ∆ABC , AX : XC = 2 : 3 and the weight B C
at the point Z is 9. ac(a + 2b + c) 2b(a + 2b + c)
(a) (b)
A b2 − ac b2 − ac
2b(a + b + c) abc(a + b + c)
2 (c) (d)
b2 − ac b2 − ac
X
62 In the following triangle ABC, the area of smaller ∆BEF is
3 75 units, ∆BCF is 100 units and ∆FDC is 40 units. Find the
Y Z
area of quadrilateral AEFD.
A
B C

57 Find the weight at point B.

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
58 Find the value of AY : BY. E
D
(a) 5 : 2 (b) 4 : 3 (c) 5 : 2 (d) 3 : 2 F
75 40
59 In the following triangle ∆ABC, AY : BY = 4 : 1 and 100

AX : CX = 3: 5, where X lies on AC and Y lies on AB and Z

B C
is the point of intersection of BX and CY. Find the value of
BZ : CZ. (a) 125 (b) 135 (c) 145 (d) 90

Page 154 of 277

622 QUANTUM CAT
63 Consider a triangle ABC and let a, b and c denote the 69 In a triangle PQR , S and T lie on PQ and PR, respectively,
lengths of the sides opposite the vertices A, B and C such that ∠QSR = ∠PRQ and ∠QTR = ∠PQR. And,
respectively, where a = 6, b = 10 and the area of the PQ = 12, QR = 9, PR = 15. Find the value of PS × PT .
triangle is 15 3. If ∠ACB is obtuse and r denotes the radius (a) 50.4 (b) 52.64
of the incircle of the triangle, then r2 is equal to (c) 49.75 (d) none of these
(a) 3 (b) 2 3 (c) 3 (d) 4.5 70 In a ∆ABC, AP is the median that intersects QR at O, where
64 Given an isosceles triangle, whose one angle is 120° and Q and R lie on the AB and AC, respectively. 2AQ = 3BQ
radius of its incircle (r) = 3. Then the area of the triangle and 3AR = 4 CR . Find the ratio of area of ∆QOP to that of
in sq. units is ∆ROP.
(a) 7 + 12 3 (b) 12 − 7 3 (c) 12 + 7 3 (d) 4π (a) 21 : 20 (b) 9 : 8 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 16 : 15
65 Let ABC be an arbitrary triangle, and P be any point inside. 1+ 5
Let d1, d2 and d3 denote the perpendicular distances from 71 If ϕ = and the three sides of a triangle are 1, ϕ , ϕ,
2
P to the sides BC , CA and AB, respectively. Let h1, h2 and h3
which one of the following statements is true about this
denote, respectively, the length of the altitude from A, B
triangle?
and C to the opposite sides of the triangle, then
d1 d2 d3 (a) no such triangle exists (b) it’s a right angle triangle
+ + is (c) it’s an isosceles triangle (d) nothing can be said
h1 h2 h3
(a) 3 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) π 72 In an isosceles triangle ABC, the acute angle BAC is 36°.
Point D lies on AC such that BD is the angle bisector of
66 On each side of an arbitrary triangle ABC, an equilateral AB
triangle is constructed (protruding outside) as shown ∠ABC. Find .
BC
below. These equilateral triangles are ABR , BCP and ACQ.
5 −1
Then, which one of the following is CORRECT? (a) 5 : 2 (b)
P 2
1+ 5
(c) (d) none of these
2
B
73 In the following diagram, ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle
R 1+5
whereas ∠B = 72° and AB = BC = 1 unit. If ϕ = ,
O 2
A C which one of following choices is correct for the value of
AC in terms of ϕ.
ϕ −1
(i) 3 − ϕ (ii)
2
(iii) 4 − ϕ2
Q
B
(a) AP + BQ + CR = 2( AB + BC + CA )
(b) AP = BQ = CR
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) none of the above
67 In a ∆ABC, the points X , Y and Z are on the lines BC , CA A C

and AB. P is a point inside the triangle such that AX , BY (a) all (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) none of (i), (ii) and (iii)
and CZ are concurrent at P if and only if (c) not all but more than one
(d) data insufficient
 AZ   BX   CY   AZ   BZ   CY 
(a)     =1 (b)      =1
 BZ   CX   AY   AY   BX   CX  74 In the following diagram ∆AEB is an isosceles triangle,
 AY   BZ   CY  whereas ∠AEB = 36°, ∠ADB = 54°, ∠ACB = 72°. If
(c)      =1 (d) none of these 1+ 5
 AZ   BX   CX  ϕ= and AB = ϕ, find the E
2
68 In an isosceles right angle triangle the legs AB and BC have ratio of AC : CD : DE .
D
length l = a + b 2 ; where a and b are natural numbers. (a) 1 : ϕ : 1
Point O is inside the triangle such that OA = 1, OB = 2 and (b) 1 : (ϕ − 1): 2
C
a (c) 1 : ϕ : ϕ 2
OC = 3. Find the value of ?
b (d) ϕ : 1 : ϕ
(a) 2.5 (b) 2.33
(c) 2.66 (d) none of these A B

Page 155 of 277

Geometry 623

75 In an isosceles triangle ABC, line B 79 In an isosceles triangle ∆ABC , ∠A = 20° and

segments DE and FG are parallel to AB = AC ≠ BC . Line segment BC is extended to a point F
the base AC intersecting the other two D E
such that point D, point E and point F are collinear,
sides AB and BC. Also given that whereas point D lies on AB and point E lies on AC. If
BD = BE = ϕ and ∠ABC = 36°. If ∠EBC = 40° and ∠DCB = 50°, find the value of x as
F G
DE = EG and FG = GC , find AC in shown in the diagram.
1+ 5 A
terms of ϕ, where ϕ = .
2
A C

20°
(a) (ϕ + 1)2 (b) ϕ 2 + 1
(c) ϕ 2 − 1 (d) ϕ + 1
D
76 In the following figure, AB = AC , BC = CD and E
∠BAC = 36°. If AD = 1 + 5 cm, find the area of the
shaded region (in sq. cm).
A 40° 50° x°
B C F
(a) 30 (b) 20 (c) 15 (d) 10
80 In a square ABCD, a quadrilateral, P is the midpoint at BC
and Q is the midpoint at AB. Line segments AP and DQ
D intersect each other at O. Find the ratio of the areas of two
quadrilaterals QBPO and OPCD.
D C
B C

(a) 5 + 2 5 (b) 2 3 + 5
(c) 2 7 − 2 5 (d) none of these
P
77 In the following figure ∆BAC A
and ∆BAD are isosceles O
triangles, such that AB = AC
and AD = BD. If ∠ABC = 36° A Q B
B D C
and BD = ( 5 − 1) cm, find
the area of the ∆ABD (in sq. cm). (a) 9 : 25 (b) 4 : 9
(a) 5 − 2 5 (b) 2 3 − 5 (c) 4 : 11 (d) 16 : 25
1 81 In the following diagram, each side of the square ABCD is
(c) 7−2 5 (d) none of these trisected such that DK || HL || GB and IC || JF || AE , where
2
all the parallel lines are equispaced. If the area of the
78 In the following diagram find the value of ∠DEA. Please smallest triangle such as ∆DIP is 1 unit, what is the area of
note that the diagram is not drawn to scale. However, the
quadrilateral MNOP?
measure of angles stated there are absolutely correct.
C D H G C
O
P
I F
E
x
D
J E
20
° N
30

M
°

60° 50°
A B A K L B

(a) 10 (b) 20 (a) 21 units (b) 24 units

(c) 30 (d) data insufficient (c) 27 units (d) 32 units

Page 156 of 277

624 QUANTUM CAT
82 Each side of a square ABCD is divided in the ratio 1 : 4, as 86 Consider the following diagram in which ~ ABCD is a
shown in the following diagram. What is the ratio of area rhombus and AF = EF = EC . A circle is inscribed in
of square JKLM to that of square ABCD? quadrilateral AECF and a circle is inscribed in
D C quadrilateral ABCD. Each of the circles is of the largest
L possible area.
G M
A B

K E E
J Q
A H B F

(a) 8 : 13 (b) 16 : 25 D C
(c) 8 : 15 (d) 11 : 20
Find the ratio of the area of circle that lies in ~ AECF to
83 In the following figure, each side of the square is divided the area of the circle inscribed in ~ ABCD.
DG AH BE CF 2
in the ratio 2 : 3, such that = = = = . Find (a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 3
GA HB EC FD 3 (c) 1 : 4 (d) data insufficient
the ratio of the area of square PQRS to that of square
87 Area of the trapezium ABCD is 350 sq. cm and AB = 21 cm,
ABCD.
CD = 49 cm. The two diagonals bisect each other at O, find
D F C the area of ∆AOD.
R A B
G S O

E
Q
D C
P
(a) 75 sq. cm (b) 73.5 sq. cm
A H B
(c) 72.5 sq. cm (d) data insufficient
(a) 4 : 9 (b) 9 : 25 88 Let ABCD be a quadrilateral with area 18, with side AB
(c) 9 : 29 (d) 32 : 73 parallel to the side CD and AB = 2CD. Let AD be
AQ DP 4 perpendicular to AB and CD. If a circle is drawn inside the
84 In the given square ABCD, = = . Find the ratio of quadrilateral ABCD touching all the four sides, then its
QD PC 1
radius is :
area of triangle AOQ to that of quadrilateral OBCP.
(a) 3 (b) 2
A B 3
(c) (d) 1
2
89 In the following diagram ABCD is a square. The mid-points
P , Q , R , S are connected in such a way that two congruent
O kites SAPC and CRAQ are formed. Area of each kite is 200
sq. cm. Find the area of common region contained by the
Q two kites.
A P B
D P C

(a) 16 : 25 (b) 16 : 41
(c) 24 : 75 (d) 32 : 73 Q
85 A quadrilateral has one vertex on each side of a square of S
side-length 1. If the lengths of the quadrilateral are
a, b, c, d, then
(a) 2 ≤ a2 + b2 + c2 + d 2 ≤ 4 D R C
(b) 1 ≤ a2 + b2 + c2 + d 2 ≤ 4 (a) 100 sq. cm (b) 96 sq. cm
(c) 2 ≤ a2 + b2 + c2 + d 2 ≤ 4 (c)
400
sq. cm (d) none of these
3
(d) 2 2 ≤ a2 + b2 + c2 + d 2 ≤ 4

Page 157 of 277

Geometry 625
P
90 Each of the sides of a quadrilateral is a natural number and 96 A few of the sides of a regular
the perimeter of the quadrilateral is always 12 units. Find pentagon are extended in such a way
the number of combinations of various lengths of the sides that it forms an isosceles triangle as
of the quadrilateral. shown in the given diagram. If the
(a) 8 (b) 10 perimeter of the pentagon is 10 cm,
(c) 5 (d) none of these what is the perimeter of the isosceles
91 If the side of a regular pentagon be 2 cm, find the triangle PQR?
circumradius of the pentagon, in cm. (a) 7 + 5 5 cm
3+ 5 3+ 5 (b) 11 + 5 5 cm Q R
(a) (b)
5+ 2 5 10 − 2 5 (c) 16 cm
3− 5 3+ 2 5 (d) 16 + 3 5 cm
(c) (d)
10 − 2 5 5+ 2 5 97 In the following figure, if the area of the shaded region
 7 − 3 5
92 In a regular pentagon the side measures 6 cm and sum of (the smaller pentagon) is   sq. cm, find the area
 2 
the inradius and circumradius is 9 cm. Find the sum of the
of the larger regular pentagon.
area of the circumcircle and the area of the incircle of the
pentagon.
(a) 41 π cm 2 (b) 45 π cm 2
(c) 53 π cm 2 (d) data insufficient

Directions (for Q. Nos. 93 and 94) Answer the following

questions based on the information given below.
In the following diagram the larger pentagon constitutes a
smaller pentagon at the centre. Each side of the larger pentagon  47 − 21 5
(a) 1 sq. cm (b)   sq. cm
is known to be S.  2 
 7 + 3 5
(c)   sq. cm (d) none of these
 2 

98 In the following figure when all the

five diagonals of a regular pentagon
are drawn they form another small
pentagon at the centre which is
shown as a shaded region. If each
93 What would be the side of the smaller pentagon?
side of the larger (original)
(3 − 5)
(a) (6 − 2 5) S (b) S pentagon measures
2
5+1
(5 − 2 5) 1 inch, and ϕ = , find the ratio of the area of larger
(c) S (d) none of these 2
2
pentagon to the area of smaller pentagram in terms of ϕ.
94 What would be the diagonal of the smaller pentagon?
(a) ϕ 2 : 1 (b) ϕ 4 : 1
3( 5 − 2)
(a) (7 − 2 5) S (b) S (c) 1 : ϕ (d) 2 : ϕ
2
( 5 − 1) 99 In the given figure the diagonals of a
(c) S (d) none of these pentagon form another pentagon,
2
and the diagonals of this pentagon
95 A few of the sides of a regular pentagon are extended in
form another pentagon, and then
such a way that it forms an isosceles triangle as shown in
once again the diagonals of this
the given diagram. If the perimeter of the pentagon is
pentagon form another pentagon at
10 cm, what is the perimeter of the isosceles triangle APQ ?
the centre. If the each side of the
A
smallest pentagon is 1 unit and
E B
1+ 5
ϕ= , find each side of the largest (original)
2
P D C Q pentagon in terms of ϕ.
(a) 10 + 4 5 cm (b) 12 + 5 5 cm (a) 4ϕ 4 (b) ϕ 4
(c) 16 cm (d) 14 + 4 5 cm (c) ϕ 8 (d) ϕ 6

Page 158 of 277

626 QUANTUM CAT
100 A larger regular pentagon contains 6 104 In the given diagram, there are total seven regular
smaller pentagons of the same size, as hexagons. Let’s call the outermost (or the largest)
shown in the following diagram. If hexagon as H1and so call the innermost (or the smallest)
each side of each of the congruent hexagon as H7 . The hexagon H 2 is formed by joining the
pentagons is 1 cm, find the total area mid-points of the adjacent sides of H1. Similarly,
A (in sq. cm) covered by the larger H 3, H 4, H 5, H 6 and H7 are formed by joining the
pentagon. mid-point of the adjacent sides of the H 2, H 3, H 4, H 5 and
(a) 10 < A < 11 (b) 11 < A < 12 H 6, respectively. If each side of the H1 is 64 cm, find the
(c) 12 < A < 13 (d) 13 < A < 14 each side of the H7 .
101 In the following figure a regular pentagon inscribes a
regular pentagram. If each side of the pentagon measures
5+1
1 mm, and ϕ = , find the area of pentagram in terms
2
of ϕ.

(a) 27 cm (b) 9 3 cm
(c) 18 3 cm (d) none of these
105 In the given figure there are twelve
rhombi placed in such a way that they
form a regular hexagram at the centre
1 1 and this hexagram is inscribed within
(a) (2 − ϕ )3/ 2 sq. mm (b) (2 − ϕ )3/ 2 sq. mm a regular hexagon. If the area of the
2 4
1 3 hexagon is 84 sq. cm, find the total
(c) (3 − ϕ )3/ 2 sq. mm (d) (3 − ϕ )3/ 2 sq. mm area of all the twelve rhombi.
2 2
102 In the following diagram a regular (a) 56 sq. cm (b) 72
decagon consists of 10 parallelograms, sq. cm
out of which 5 parallelograms that are (c) 104 sq. cm (d) none of these
meeting at the centre are congruent to 106 As shown in the given figure,
each other and other 5 parallelograms there are total seven regular
at the edges of the decagon are hexagons; six of them are placed
congruent to each other. If each side of around the seventh hexagon,
the decagon is 1 + 5 cm, find total area of the
partially overlapping, and then
5 parallelograms that are connected to the centre of the
some rhombi are cut out of the
decagon.
whole arrangement. If the area
(a) 5(1 + 5)( 25 − 2 5) sq. cm
of the unshaded region
(b) 15( 25 + 4 5 ) sq. cm represented by the 12 rhombi is 84 sq. cm, find the area of
(c) 5(1 + 5)( 5 + 2 5) sq. cm the shaded region.
(a) 420 sq. cm
(d) 5(6 + 2 5)( 1 + 5 ) sq. cm (b) 484 sq. cm
103 Take seven circles and close-pack them together in a (c) 488 sq. cm
hexagonal arrangement, as shown below. Then a rubber (d) none of the above
band is wrapped around the seven circles. Find the 107 If the area of all the shaded
perimeter of this arrangement, if the radius of each circle equilateral triangles of the
is r cm. largest possible size, as shown
along the periphery of the
regular hexagon, is
6 3 sq cm, then find the total
area of the shaded region of the
whole figure.
(a) 18 3 sq. cm
(a) 2(6 + π )r (b) 3(4 + π )r (b) 36 sq. cm
(c) 6(2 + π )r (d) none of these (c) 24 3 sq. cm
(d) none of the above

Page 159 of 277

Geometry 627

108 There are seven concentric 112 In the given diagram, a regular
regular hexagons depicted in the octagon is inscribed in a circle in
adjacent figure such that they which four diagonals are connecting
form a six alternating black and the opposite vertices of the octagon.
white hexagonal rings around a After that a square is formed by
black hexagon. If the area of each connecting the alternate vertices of
hexagonal ring is same and equal the octagon then another square is
to the black hexagon at the formed by joining the mid-points of the first square and
centre, find the ratio of the sides of the largest hexagon to then finally another square is formed by joining the
that of the smallest hexagon of this arrangement. mid-points of the previous square. This square is shown as
(a) 7 : 1 (b) 1 : 7 the shaded region. If the area of the shaded region is 1 sq.
(c) 6 : 1 (d) none of these cm, find the difference between the area of the circle and
area of the octagon.
109 In the following diagram, if the two shorter diagonals AC (a) 2(π − 2 2) sq. cm (b) (2π − 3 2) sq. cm
and BD intersect at P inside the regular heptagon and AD (c) (3π − 4 2) sq. cm (d) 4(π − 2 2) sq. cm
is one of the longer diagonals, which one of the following
is correct? 113 In the given figure a quadrilateral is
F formed by joining the alternate
vertices of a regular octagon. If
G E the area of the octagon be 2( 2 − 1) sq
cm, find the area of the square.
2+ 2 2+ 2
A D (a) (b)
3− 2 2 2+1
P
(c) 3 − 2 2 (d) 2( 2 − 1)
B C 114 In the given figure, a concave equilateral
(a) 2( AB + AP ) = 3AD (b) AB + BP = AD octagon has each of its four acute
(c) AB + BD = AD + BP (d) 3( AB + AP ) = 2AD internal angles equal to 30° and each of
110 In the following diagram, d1, d2 are the two distinct the two longer diagonals is 20 cm.
Find the area of the octagon, if the
diagonals and s is the side of the regular polygon
diagonals connecting the opposite
ABCDEFG. Find the correct relation among the side and
vertices are perpendicular and bisect each other.
the two diagonals.
200 100
E (a) ( 3 − 1) (b) ( 3 − 1)
3 3
F D 200 200
(c) ( 3 − 2) (d) (3 − 3)
3 3
d2
G C 115 In the given figure, there are 4 black and four white
rhombi connected in such a way that one of their vertices
d1 is common and they share two of their sides with the
A S B rhombi of the either side without any overlapping. Each of
d s 1 1 1 the eight rhombi is congruent to each other. The total area
(a) 2 = (b) = −
s d1 s d2 d1 of all the black rhombi (or shaded region) is 8 sq cm, find
d d 1 1 1 the area of the smallest possible octagon in which the
(c) 2 = 1 (d) = +
d1 s s d1 d2 following figure can be inscribed as it is.

111 Neither it’s the longest one nor it’s the shortest one of the
lengths of the diagonal of an octagon you know is d and
each side of the same octagon is s, find the area of the
octagon in terms of the side and the known diagonal of the
regular octagon.
(a) 3d 2 − 3s 2
(b) d 2 − s 2
(c) 2ds
(a) 8(2 + 2) cm2 (b) 8 ( 4 − 2 ) cm2
(d) both (b) and (c)
(c) 8(4 − 2) cm2 (d) 8 ( 2 + 2 ) cm2

Page 160 of 277

628 QUANTUM CAT
Directions (for Q. Nos. 116 to 121) Answer the following 127 If each side of a regular dodecagon is 1 cm, find the third
questions based on the information given below. smallest diagonal of the dodecagon.
The side of a regular decagon is 2 cm. (a) 2 + 3+ 2 cm (b) 3 2 + 3 cm
116 Find the circumradius of the decagon. (c) 2 3 − 2 cm (d) both (a) and (b)
(a) 1 + 5 cm (b) − 1 + 5 cm 128 In the following figure of regular dodecagon find the area
(c) 2 + 3 cm (d) none of these of all the four kites, where each of the four kites has two
117 Find the apothem of the decagon. unequal diagonals and the side of each square, each
(a) 5 + 2 5 cm (b) 2 5 − 5 cm triangle and each kite is 1 cm.

(c) 2 5 + 5 cm (d) 1 + 5 cm
118 Find the longest possible diagonal of the decagon.
(a) 4(1 + 5) cm (b) 2(1 − 5) cm
(c) 2(2 + 5) cm (d) 2(1 + 5) cm
119 Find the second longest diagonal of the decagon.
(a) 5 + 2 5 cm (b) 2 5 + 2 5 cm
(a) 2 sq. cm (b) 2 2 sq. cm
(c) 4 + 2 5 cm (d) 10 + 4 5 cm (c) 2 + 3 sq. cm (d) none of these
120 Find the third longest diagonal of the decagon. 129 If each side of a regular dodecagon is 1 cm, find the second
(a) 2 + 5 cm (b) 6 − 5 cm longest diagonal of the dodecagon.
(c) 3 + 5 cm (d) 9 − 2 5 cm
(a) 2 + 3+ 3 cm (b) 2 + 3 cm
121 Find the third shortest diagonal of the decagon.
(c) 2 + 3 cm (d) both (a) and (c)
(a) 10 + 2 5 cm (b) 12 5 cm
130 If each side of a regular dodecagon is 1 cm, find the
(c) 5 + 4 5 cm (d) 15 − 2 5 cm longest diagonal of the dodecagon.
122 In the given diagram, some diagonals (a) 2 2 + 3 cm (b) 6 − 3 3 cm
of a regular decagon are intersecting
(c) 2 3 − 2 cm (d) 3 + 2 cm
such that they form another small
decagon inside the original decagon. If 131 In the following figure 12 rhombi are joined in such a way
each side of the larger decagon be 2 that they have a common vertex, without overlapping
cm, find the side of the smaller each other, and every rhombus shares two of its sides with
decagon. the adjacent rhombi, as shown below. Find the area of the
2 5 following figure, if its perimeter is 24 cm.
(a) cm (b) 2 5 − 3 cm
3
(c) 5 − 1 cm (d) 1 cm
123 If each side of a regular dodecagon is 1 cm, find the area of
the dodecagon.
(a) 12 sq. cm (b) 6 + 3 3 sq. cm
(c) 12 3 sq. cm (d) none of these
124 If each side of a regular dodecagon is 1 cm, find the second (a) 6 sq. cm (b) 4 sq. cm
smallest diagonal of the dodecagon.
(c) 8 sq. cm (d) data insufficient
(a) 3 2 − 2 sq. cm (b) 3 + 1 sq. cm
132 In the given figure, a square
(c) 2 3 + 1 sq. cm (d) none of these
inscribes a dodecagon and each side
125 If each side of a regular dodecagon is 1 cm, find the of the regular dodecagon is 1 cm.
circumradius of the dodecagon. The dodecagon consists of 12
(a) 2 + 3 cm (b) 3 3 cm equilateral triangles and 12 rhombi.
(c) 1 + 2 3 cm (d) none of these What is the ratio of area of
dodecagon and the area of square?
126 If each side of a regular dodecagon is 1 cm, find the 3 13
smallest diagonal of the dodecagon. (a) (b)
4 16
(a) 2 + 3 cm (b) 6 − 3 3 cm 7 7
(c) (d)
8 10
(c) 2 3 − 2 cm (d) 3 + 2 cm

Page 161 of 277

Geometry 629

133 The following figure consists of two concentric 138 In the following figure, BC and RP are tangents to the
dodecagons. Find the ratio of area of smaller (interior) same circle with centre O and its diameter AB. Points R
dodecagon to that of larger (exterior) dodecagon. and S are the points on the tangent BC, such that AS passes
through Q, where RP touches the circle.
A P

O
Q

B R S C
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 1 : 4
Which of the following is necessarily a correct relations?
(c) 1 : 6 (d) none of these
(a) RS = QS (b) BR = RS
134 You have a regular hexagonal paper sheet and you are (c) AB = 2AQ (d) none of these
asked to make a regular dodecagon by cutting off the
139 In the concerned diagrams,
corners of the hexagonal sheet. If each side of the regular
chords AB and CD are parallel
hexagonal sheet is 1 ft, minimum how much area of the
and radius OR bisects the
sheet you would have to cut off? O
chord AB at P and CD at Q.
 63 3   21 3  A S P B
(a)  − 36 ft (b)  − 18 ft Radius OC when extended to
 2   2  a point T in order to meet the
C
Q
D

 25 3  tangent TR it intersects the T

(c)  − 6 ft (d) none of these chord AB at S. If
R
 4 
OP : OS = 8 : 17, find OC : OT
135 Two parallel chords of a circle of radius 2 are at a distance (a) 9 : 17 (b) 8 : 15
3 + 1 apart. If the chords subtend, at the center, angles of (c) 17 : 23 (d) none of these
π 2π
and , where k > 0. If k denotes the largest integer 140 Consider the following figure in which OA = OB = AB.
k k
less than or equal to k, the values of k is Chord AB is the longest possible chord of the smaller circle
(a) 1 (b) 2 and O is the centre of the larger circle. Find the area of the
(c) 3 (d) 6 shaded region, if the radius of the smaller circle is 6 cm.

136 The centers of two circles C1 and C 2, each of unit radii, are
at a distance of 6 units from each other. Let P be the
mid-point of the line segment joining the centers of C1 and O
C 2. A third circle C is drawn such that it is externally
tangent to both the circles C1 and C 2 at the same points
where the lines passing through P are tangent to the A B
circles C1 and C 2. The radius of the circle C is
(a) 8 (b) 6
(c) 6 2 (d) 4 2 (a) 6(π + 3 3) sq. cm (b) 4(π + 3 3 sq. cm
137 In the given diagram PQ is parallel to RS. For PQ > OP , (c) 6(π + 2 3) sq. cm (d) can’t be determined
when ∠POQ and ∠OPQ have integral values, find the 141 In the following figure ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle,
greatest possible value of OPQ. where AB = AC and BC = 2 2 cm. CD is perpendicular on
the diameter AB which intersects the circle at E. Find BE.
R S A

O
D

P Q E
C
B
(a) 119 (b) 61
(c) 59 (d) 58 5
(a) 2 cm (b) cm (c) 2.16 cm (d) 1.67 cm
2

Page 162 of 277

630 QUANTUM CAT
142 Two parallel chords in a circle have lengths 12 and 24, and 146 In the given figure, the perpendicular bisector AD of
the distance between them is 18. The chord parallel to the equilateral triangle ABC is same as the diameter of
these chords and midway between them is of length a the circle O, and the circle intersects the sides AB and AC
where a is at P and Q, respectively. If the height of the triangle be
(a) 676 (b) 756 12 2 cm, find CQ.
(c) 576 (d) 720 A
143 ABCD is a square of area 16 sq. cm and AB is the diameter
of the semicircle. The line segments CP and DQ intersect at
R and touch the semicircle. Find the area of ∆DRC.
A B
P Q
P Q
B D C

(a) 24(π + 3) sq. cm (b) 12(2π + 3 3) sq. cm

R
(c) 12(4π + 5 3) sq. cm (d) none of these

D C 147 There are two concentric circles centered at O. Their radii

are 21 cm and 29 cm. AB is the diameter of the larger circle
(a) 3 sq. cm (b) 2 sq. cm and BC is the tangent to the smaller circle at C. Find AC.
(c) 2.5 sq. cm (d) 5 sq. cm
144 In the following figure, a circle of radius 40 mm A
is inscribed in a square ABCD in which M is the mid-point
ofAB. If the line segment MC intersects the circle at P, find O
PC.
A M B B
C

(a) 49.66 cm
(b) 46.52 cm
(c) 54.54 cm
P (d) can’t be determined
148 Let there be a circle with centre O and radius r, such that
D C
the four points A, B, C and D are cyclic while AC and BD
are the two chords intersecting each other perpendicularly
(a) 8 5 mm (b) 8 10 mm
at a point P somewhere inside the circle. If A, B, C and D
16
(c) 6 5 mm (d) mm are variable points and OP = d, find the maximum and
5
minimum area of the quadrilateral ABCD.
145 In the given figure, the perpendicular bisector AD of the (a) 4r2 and 2r r2 − d 2
equilateral triangle ABC is same as the diameter of the
circle O, and the circle intersects the sides AB and AC at P (b) 4d 2 and r2 r2 − d 2
and Q, respectively.
(c) 2r2 and r2 r2 − d 2
If the heigh of the triangle be 10 2 cm, find CQ.
A (d) 2r2 and 2r r2 − d 2

149 There are two circles C1 and C 2 of radii r1 and r2,

respectively. They are mutually tangent to each other and
to a line as well. There is one more circle of radius r3 which
P Q is tangent to this line and the first two circles C1 and C 2.
What is the relation between the three radii r1, r2 and r3?
B D C 1 1 1 r r 1
(a) − = (b) 1 + 2 =
r1 r2 r3 r2 r1 r3
(a) 3 cm (b) 6 cm
1 1 1
(c) 4 cm (d) 5 cm (c) = + (d) none of these
r3 r1 r2

Page 163 of 277

Geometry 631

150 Two equal circles with centers 153 In the following diagram there
P and Q are tangent at O. A are four circles A, B, C and D D C
P O Q
common line is tangent to packed in a circle P. The radius
B C
both the circles at M and N of the circumscribing circle P is 1
respectively. Point B lies on cm. Circles A and B are tangent A B
M A D N P
the arc OM and point C lies on at P, the centre of the
the arc ON . Points A and D lie on the tangent MN. If the circumscribing circle. Circle D is
radius of each circle is r and each side of the square ABCD tangent to circles A, C and P.
is x, find x. Find the radius of the circle D.
(a) 0.25r (b) 0. 3r 1 1
(a) cm (b) cm
(c) 0. 33r (d) none of these 6 2
151 In the following diagram four circles are tangent to every 2 1
(c) cm (d) cm
other circle. The radius of each of the circles A, B and C is 15 8
1. Find the radius of circle D, which is tangent to all the 154 There are three circles, with radii 1 cm, 2 cm and 3 cm,
three given circles and lies at the centre. tangent to each other. Find the radius of the fourth circle,
which is tangent to all the existing circles.
23
(a) 6 cm (b) cm
A 6
6
(c) cm (d) both (a) and (c)
23
D
155 In the following diagram, a semicircle of radius r inscribes
B C two semicircles, which are tangent to each other at a point
B on the diameter AC of the larger semicircle. Then there
is a full circle inscribed in the remaining area, which is
1 1 1 tangent to all the three existing semicircles. Find the
(a) (b) (c) 2 3 − 3 (d) 1
3+ 2 3 3− 2 3 3− 2 2 radius of this full circle, if the diameter AB = cm and
3
152 In the following diagram there are three circles packed in 2
BC = cm.
another circle, such that each circle is tangent to all other 3
circles in this arrangement. The radius of the
circumscribing circle A is 1 cm; and circle B and circle C
are congruent. Find the radius of the circle D.

D
A B C
1
B C (a) cm
A 7
1
(b) cm
9
2
1 1 2 3 (c) cm
(a) cm (b) cm (c) cm (d) cm 15
4 3 5 10 (d) none of these

Page 164 of 277

QUANTUM CAT
TEST OF LEARNING
π vertices of the newly created
1 Let ABC be a triangle such that ∠ACB = and let a, b and c
6 central pentagon we form
denote the lengths of sides opposite A, B and C another set of 10 pentagons.
respectively. Find the values of x for which Thus we can see there are four
a = ( x 2 + x + 1), b = ( x 2 − 1) and c = (2x + 1). sizes of pentagons – one is the
(a) − (2 + 3), (2 + 3) original size, second one is at the
(b) − (2 + 3), (2 − 3) centre, the third ones are
sharing the respective edges of
(c) (− 2 + 3), (1 + 3)
the original pentagon and the fourth ones are the smallest
(d) − (2 + 3), (1 + 3) in size. If each edge of the smallest shaded pentagon is
2 Let a, b and c be the sides of a triangle. No two of them are 2 cm, what is the total area of all the shaded pentagonal
equal and λ ∈ R. If the roots of the equation regions?
x2 + 2 (a + b + c)x + 3 λ (ab + bc + ca ) = 0 (a) ( 5(5 + 2 5))(16 + 4 5) cm 2
are real, then (b) ( 5(5 − 2 5))(4 + 15 5) cm 2
4 5
(a) λ < (b) λ >
3 3 (c) ( 5(5 + 2 5))(4 + 15 5) cm 2
1 5 4 5 (d) none of the above
(c) < λ < (d) < λ <
3 3 3 3 8 In the following figure A, B, C and D are the four vertices
3 Which of the following best describes the value of k, if a, b of the square and E , F , G and H are the four mid-points of
and c are the lengths of the sides of the triangle and the sides of the square ABCD. If each side of the square be
a2 + b2 + c2 a, then how many of the following statements are correct
k= ? about the octagon formed at the centre by joining the
ab + bc + ca
mid-points with the opposite vertices?
(a) 1 ≤ k < 2 (b) 0 ≤ k < 2
9 D E C
(c) 0 < k < (d) 1 ≤ k ≤ 2
8
C
4 In a triangle ABC, the median AA′
and BB′ are perpendicular to each H F
other. Let BC = a, AC = b and A′
AB = c, which of the following B′
is/are true?
(a) 5c2 = a2 + b2 A G B
a
(b) < b < 2a A B (i) It’s an equiangular octagon
2
(ii) It’s an equilateral octagon
(c) a < b < 2a
(iii) It’s a regular octagon
(d) both (a) and (b)
5a
(iv) It’s each side is
5 In a right angle triangle, x and y are the perpendicular 12
sides and z is the hypotenuse. Find the minimum value a
(v) It’s each side is
z z 2( 4 + 2 2 )
of + .
x y (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
1
(a) 2 + 2 (b) (c) 3 2 − 2 3 (d) 2 2 9 A straight line through the vertex of a triangle PQR
2 2
intersects the side QR at the point S and the circumcircle of
6 In a triangle ABC, the median BD yields ∠BDC = 45° and the triangle PQR at the point T . If S is not the centre of the
∠ABD = ∠BCD = x °. Find the value of x. circumcircle, then
(a) 45° (b) 30° 1 1 2 1 1 2
(i) + < (ii) + >
(c) 60° (d) none of these PS ST QS × SR PS ST QS × SR
7 In the following diagram a regular pentagon is intersected 1 1 4 1 1 4
by various diagonals forming another pentagon at the (iii) + < (iv) + >
PS ST QS PS ST QR
center, then by drawing parallel lines to the sides of the (a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv)
original pentagon while making them pass through the (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iii)

Page 165 of 277

Geometry 633

10 Let ABCD be a square of side length 2 units. Let C1 be the 14 In the following diagram a semicircle with centre O
incircle and C 2 be the circumcircle of the square ABCD. If P inscribes two semicircles with centers P and Q, which are
is a point on C1 and Q is a point on C 2, the value of tangent to each other at a point B on the diameter AC of
PA 2 + PB 2 + PC 2 + PD 2 the larger semicircle. AB = p and BC = q are the diameters
is of the inscribed semicircles, respectively. A perpendicular
QA 2 + QB 2 + QC 2 + QD 2
BD is drawn from D to B. D is a point on the largest
(a) 0.75 (b) 1.25 (c) 1 (d) 0.5
semicircle. There are two circles with centre M and N
11 In a circle with centre O, the diameter PY is perpendicular inscribed on the different sides of BD such that these
to chord AB, as shown in the following figure. Find the circles are tangent to BD as well as tangent to an inscribed
correct relation between DX and CY. semicircle and the largest semicircle. If the radii of these
P circles M and N be m and n, respectively, which of the
Z followings is/are correct?
D

O M
N
X C
A B

D Y A P O B Q C

(a) XD ≥ CY (b) XD ≤ CY (i) m > n (ii) m = n

(c) XD = CY (d) Can’t be determined (iii) m < n (iv) m + n =
2pq
12 In the following diagram, a circle of p+ q
radius 1/3 unit is internally tangent (a) only (i) is correct (b) only (iii) is correct
to another circle of radius 1/4 unit. (c) (ii) and (iv) are correct (d) none of these
The region between these two 15 There are three circles inscribed in a triangle such that
circles is shaded in black. Within each circle is tangent to the other two circles and the two
the shaded region there are sides of the triangle. Let r1, r2 and r3 be the radii or circles
numerous circles inscribed in such C1, C 2 and C 3, find the inradius of the triangle inscribing
a way that each such triangle is these three circles.
tangent to at least 3 other triangles. If there are total
25 circles drawn in the shaded region, while maintaining
the symmetricity, find the sum of curvatures of all the C1
25 circles.
(a) 2500 (b) 1600 (c) 1444 (d) 1786 C2 C3

13 A circle C1 with diameter 1/25 cm is tangent to X-axis at

(2/5, 0) and the other circle with diameter 1/49 cm is r1r2r3
tangent to X-axis at (3/7, 0). Moreover, these two circles (a)
r1 + r2 + r3 − 2 r1 + r2 + r3
are on the same side of X-axis and tangent to each other.
There is another circle C 3 which is tangent to both of these 2 r1r2r3
(b)
circles and tangent to X-axis. Find, the distance between r1 + r2 + r3 − 3 r1 + r2 + r3
the Y-axis and the point of tangent of the circle C 3 on
2 r1r2r3
X-axis. (c)
26 57 17 35 r1 + r2 + r3 − r1 + r2 + r3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
35 144 36 84 (d) none of the above

Page 166 of 277

634 QUANTUM CAT
Answers
Introductory Exercise 12.1
1 (c) 2 (c) 3 (b) 4 (b) 5 (b) 6 (a) 7 (d) 8 (a) 9 (a) 10 (b)
11 (a) 12 (c) 13 (b) 14 (b) 15 (d) 16 (b) 17 (b) 18 (b) 19 (a) 20 (c)
21 (b) 22 (c) 23 (c) 24 (b) 25 (c) 26 (a) 27 (c) 28 (c) 29 (a) 30 (b)
31 (c) 32 (a) 33 (a) 34 (c) 35 (a) 36 (b) 37 (b) 38 (c) 39 (b) 40 (a)
41 (c) 42 (c) 43 (a) 44 (b) 45 (b)

Introductory Exercise 12.2

1 (b) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 (a) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8 (d) 9 (b) 10 (b)
11 (b) 12 (c) 13 (d) 14 (b) 15 (b) 16 (b) 17 (c) 18 (b) 19 (d) 20 (b)
21 (a) 22 (d) 23 (c) 24 (b) 25 (c) 26 (c) 27 (c) 28 (a) 29 (a) 30 (b)
31 (c) 32 (c) 33 (d) 34 (d) 35 (a) 36 (d) 37 (b) 38 (d) 39 (c) 40 (d)
41 (c) 42 (a) 43 (c) 44 (c) 45 (b) 46 (c) 47 (a) 48 (a) 49 (c) 50 (c)
51 (a) 52 (a) 53 (a) 54 (c) 55 (a) 56 (a) 57 (a) 58 (b) 59 (b) 60 (c)
61 (c) 62 (b) 63 (c) 64 (b) 65 (b) 66 (c) 67 (c) 68 (a) 69 (d) 70 (a)
71 (b) 72 (c) 73 (c) 74 (a) 75 (b) 76 (c) 77 (c) 78 (b) 79 (c) 80 (d)
81 (b) 82 (b) 83 (a) 84 (c) 85 (b) 86 (c) 87 (a) 88 (d) 89 (c) 90 (b)
91 (d) 92 (c) 93 (c) 94 (c) 95 (b) 96 (c) 97 (b) 98 (a) 99 (b) 100 (d)
101 (c) 102 (c) 103 (d) 104 (a) 105 (a) 106 (c) 107 (c)

Introductory Exercise 12.3

1 (b) 2 (b) 3 (b) 4 (a) 5 (a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (c) 9 (b) 10 (c)
11 (b) 12 (b) 13 (a) 14 (b) 15 (a) 16 (b) 17 (c) 18 (c) 19 (a) 20 (a)
21 (c) 22 (b) 23 (c) 24 (a) 25 (b) 26 (a) 27 (a) 28 (b) 29 (d) 30 (a)

Introductory Exercise 12.4

1 (d) 2 (b) 3 (b) 4 (d) 5 (d) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 (c) 10 (c)
11 (c) 12 (a) 13 (b) 14 (d)

Introductory Exercise 12.5

1 (b) 2 (a) 3 (c) 4 (c) 5 (a) 6 (c) 7 (a) 8 (c) 9 (c) 10 (c)
11 (d) 12 (a) 13 (b) 14 (d) 15 (c) 16 (b) 17 (a) 18 (c) 19 (a) 20 (c)
21 (b) 22 (b) 23 (c) 24 (c) 25 (b) 26 (b) 27 (b) 28 (a) 29 (c) 30 (b)
31 (b) 32 (b) 33 (c) 34 (c) 35 (c) 36 (d) 37 (b) 38 (c) 39 (b) 40 (b)
41 (c) 42 (d) 43 (a) 44 (b) 45 (a) 46 (a) 47 (c) 48 (d) 49 (a) 50 (c)
51 (b) 52 (b) 53 (d) 54 (a) 55 (c) 56 (b) 57 (a) 58 (d) 59 (c) 60 (c)
61 (b) 62 (a) 63 (b) 64 (c) 65 (d) 66 (b) 67 (a) 68 (c) 69 (a) 70 (b)

Page 167 of 277

Geometry 635

Level 01 Basic Level Exercise

1 (c) 2 (d) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6 (b) 7 (a) 8 (c) 9 (c) 10 (c)
11 (d) 12 (d) 13 (c) 14 (b) 15 (c) 16 (a) 17 (b) 18 (a) 19 (b) 20 (b)
21 (b) 22 (d) 23 (c) 24 (c) 25 (b) 26 (b) 27 (c) 28 (c) 29 (d) 30 (d)
31 (c) 32 (d) 33 (c) 34 (b) 35 (c) 36 (c) 37 (a) 38 (d) 39 (b) 40 (b)
41 (a) 42 (a) 43 (b) 44 (b) 45 (c) 46 (a) 47 (c) 48 (a) 49 (c) 50 (d)
51 (c) 52 (a) 53 (c) 54 (b) 55 (a) 56 (d) 57 (a) 58 (c) 59 (c) 60 (b)
61 (b) 62 (b) 63 (b) 64 (c) 65 (c) 66 (b) 67 (d) 68 (a) 69 (b) 70 (d)
71 (a) 72 (c) 73 (d) 74 (a) 75 (b) 76 (c) 77 (b) 78 (b) 79 (c) 80 (b)
81 (d) 82 (a) 83 (c) 84 (c) 85 (d) 86 (d) 87 (b) 88 (a) 89 (d) 90 (c)
91 (d) 92 (c) 93 (c) 94 (d) 95 (d) 96 (c) 97 (c) 98 (d) 99 (d) 100 (a)
101 (d) 102 (c) 103 (a) 104 (c) 105 (d) 106 (b) 107 (d) 108 (a) 109 (d) 110 (a)
111 (d) 112 (c) 113 (a) 114 (d) 115 (a) 116 (c) 117 (d) 118 (a) 119 (d) 120 (c)
121 (c) 122 (a) 123 (d) 124 (a) 125 (b) 126 (d) 127 (d) 128 (c) 129 (c) 130 (a)
131 (a) 132 (a) 133 (c) 134 (a) 135 (a) 136 (a) 137 (a) 138 (a) 139 (c) 140 (a)
141 (d) 142 (c) 143 (d) 144 (a) 145 (d) 146 (d) 147 (c) 148 (c) 149 (b) 150 (d)

Level 02 Higher Level Exercise

1 (b) 2 (d) 3 (d) 4 (c) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8 (b) 9 (b) 10 (b)
11 (a) 12 (d) 13 (d) 14 (b) 15 (b) 16 (a) 17 (a) 18 (c) 19 (d) 20 (b)
21 (c) 22 (c) 23 (b) 24 (a) 25 (d) 26 (c) 27 (a) 28 (d) 29 (a) 30 (a)
31 (a) 32 (a) 33 (a) 34 (a) 35 (b) 36 (b) 37 (c) 38 (b) 39 (a) 40 (b)
41 (b) 42 (a) 43 (a) 44 (b) 45 (c) 46 (c) 47 (c) 48 (a) 49 (b) 50 (c)
51 (c) 52 (a) 53 (b) 54 (a) 55 (b) 56 (b) 57 (c) 58 (b) 59 (a) 60 (a)
61 (a) 62 (b) 63 (c) 64 (c) 65 (c) 66 (b) 67 (a) 68 (a) 69 (a) 70 (a)
71 (b) 72 (c) 73 (c) 74 (d) 75 (d) 76 (a) 77 (a) 78 (c) 79 (b) 80 (c)
81 (b) 82 (a) 83 (c) 84 (d) 85 (a) 86 (c) 87 (b) 88 (b) 89 (c) 90 (a)
91 (a) 92 (a) 93 (b) 94 (c) 95 (a) 96 (b) 97 (a) 98 (b) 99 (d) 100 (b)
101 (c) 102 (c) 103 (a) 104 (a) 105 (d) 106 (a) 107 (d) 108 (d) 109 (c) 110 (d)
111 (d) 112 (a) 113 (d) 114 (a) 115 (a) 116 (a) 117 (a) 118 (d) 119 (b) 120 (c)
121 (a) 122 (c) 123 (b) 124 (b) 125 (a) 126 (a) 127 (d) 128 (a) 129 (c) 130 (a)
131 (a) 132 (a) 133 (b) 134 (b) 135 (c) 136 (a) 137 (c) 138 (b) 139 (d) 140 (a)
141 (a) 142 (b) 143 (a) 144 (a) 145 (d) 146 (a) 147 (b) 148 (d) 149 (c) 150 (d)
151 (a) 152 (b) 153 (a) 154 (d) 155 (a)

Test for Your Learning

1 (d) 2 (a) 3 (a) 4 (d) 5 (d) 6 (b) 7 (a) 8 (b) 9 (b) 10 (a)
11 (b) 12 (b) 13 (d) 14 (c) 15 (c)

Page 168 of 277

QUANTUM CAT

Hints & Solutions

Introductory Exercise 12.1
1 4 x + 5x = 180° ⇒ x = 20° 15 Since x > 0 and y > 0
(4 x and 5x are linear pair angles) Also, x + y = 90°
2 (5x + 12) + 3x = 180° ⇒ x = 21° Therefore, 0 < x < 90 and 0 < y < 90°
3 105 + 3x = 180 ⇒ x = 25
16 Let the angle be x, then its supplement be (180° − x ).
and y + 90 + 2x = 180° ⇒ y = 40°
1
∴ x + y = 65° ∴ x= (180° − x ) ⇒ x = 30°
5
4 2x + 2y = 180 ⇒ x + y = 90° Alternatively Go through options.
∴ ∠COD = 90° 1
30 = (180° − 30° )
5 ∠DOE = 180 − (40 + 31) = 109° 5
and ∠BOF = 40° (Q ∠AOE = ∠BOF ) 90°
17 a> ⇒ a > 15°
∴ ∠BOC = ∠BOF + ∠FOC 6
= 40 + 109 (Q ∠FOC = ∠DOE ) Q a + b = 180°
= 149° ∴ b < 165° (Q a > 15° )
6 2y + 3x = 180 ⇒ y = 36° (Q x = 36° ) 18 Q AC = BC and AD = BD
or x + 4 y = 180° ⇒ y = 36° (Q x = 36° ) C
7 (2x + 17 ) + ( x + 4) = 90°
⇒ 3x + 21 = 90° ⇒ x = 23°
8 (5y + 62)° + (22° + y ) = 180
⇒ 6 y + 84 = 180 ⇒ y = 16°
9 13x + 5x = 180° ⇒ x = 10°
∴ 13x = 130° A D B
and CD is common
10 Let the angle be x, then its complementary angle be
∴ ∆CDA is similar to ∆CDB and AB is a straight line
(90 − x )
(90 − x ) ∴ ∠CDA = ∠CDB = 90°
∴ x− = 30 ⇒ x = 50
2 20 C
Alternatively The best way is to solve through options.

11 G
80° F
x (180–x)
(Pair of alternate angles)
A O B

I H 21 ∠ABP = ∠CDR = 100°

AG CE ∴ y = 80° (Q ∠CDR + ∠CDS = 180° )
12 =
BH DF 22 ∠APO = 42° and ∠CQO = 38°
120 30 ∠POQ = ∠PON + ∠ NOQ
= ⇒ DF = 25 cm
100 DF = ∠APO + ∠OQC = 42° + 38° = 80°
13 65°50′ + x = 90° = 89° 60′ (1° = 60′ ) 23 ∠XYB = ∠ YBC and ∠XYB = ∠BYC
⇒ x = 89°60′ − 65°50′ = 24° 10′ ⇒ ∠YBC = ∠BYC
14 123°45′ + x = 180° = 179°60′ (1° = 60′ ) 24 ∠PGH = 80° ⇒ ∠QGH = 100°
⇒ x = 179° 60′ − 123° 45′ ∠QHD = 120° ⇒ ∠CHQ = 60°
⇒ x = 56° 15′ ∴ ∠x + 100 + 60 = 180° ⇒ x = 20°

Page 169 of 277

Geometry 637

A C
25 ∠z = 180° − 110 = 70° (Q ∠QAC = ∠BCA )
and 60° + y ° + z ° = 180°
∴ y = 180° − (70° + 60° )
y = 50° D

26 ∠BCD = ∠BCM + ∠DCM 100°

= ∠ABC + ∠EDC = 67 ° + 23° = 90° B 100°
M
B M D
E
33 ∠CEF = ∠ABF = 70°
C ∴ ∠FED = 180° − 70° = 110°
∠EDF + ∠DFE + ∠FED = 180°
∴ ∠FDE = 180° − (110° + 20° )
A N E = 50°
27 a + x = 180°; c + x = b ⇒ x = b − c 34 ∠BAO = 180° − (60° + 35° ) = 85°
A B ∠AOB = 180° − (85° + 20° ) = 75°
a
x a 35 ∠AEP = ∠CDP = 34°
c ∠AEP + ∠BEF + ∠DEF = 180°
34° + 78° + ∠DEF = 180°
c
D E ⇒ ∠DEF = 68°
∴ a + (b − c) = 180° ⇒ a + b − c = 180° 36 ∠AKH = ∠KHD = 25°
28 ∠x = ∠ABC = ∠CDG = 180° − 138° = 42° ∠ EGH = ∠AKL = 180° − 60° = 120°
∴ ∠HKL = 120° + 25° = 145°
29 Use the same method as in question number 27.
i.e., (a + b − c) = 180° 38 A
B
P

⇒ 100° + ( x + 10° ) − 30° = 180°

M N
⇒ x = 100° O

Alternatively 80° 100° C Q

D
80°
30° ∠ABO = 118°
∴ MOB = 180° − 118° = 62°
30°
∴ ∠MOD = 152° − 62° = 90°
∴ x + 10° = 80° + 30° ⇒ x = 100° ∴ ∠ODC = 180° − 90° = 90°
30 P Q 39 Let ∠BMN = 2x E
55°
and ∠DNM = 2y A B
L M M
∴ 2x + 2y = 180°
153°
⇒ x + y = 90° P
R S ∴ ∠MPN = 180° − 90° N
C D
∠PQR = ∠QRS = 90°
55° = ∠QRS ⇒ 55° = ∠QRL + ∠LRS
40 F
55° = 30° + ∠LRS ⇒ ∠LRS = 25°
31 ∠ABC = 180° − (40° + 65° )
∠ABC = 75° and ∠DCF = ∠ABC = 75°
∴ ∠EDC = 180° − ∠DCF = 105° Equal x x x ≠ 90°

32 Extend CD to M, then
∠DME = ∠ABE = 100° ⇒ ∠MED = 25° Equal and
∴ ∠MDE = 180° − (100° + 25° ) = 55° x = 90°
Supplementary 90° 90°
∴ ∠CDE = 180° − 55° = 125°

Page 170 of 277

638 QUANTUM CAT
41 ∠BEF = 2 ∠BEL = 70° 4! 4 ⋅ 3⋅ 2⋅ 1
44 4
C3 = = =4
3! 1 ! 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1
∴ ∠CFQ = ∠EFL = 180° − 70°
= 110° 4! 4 ⋅ 3⋅ 2⋅ 1
45 4
C2 = = =6
2! 2! (2⋅ 1) ⋅ (2 ⋅ 1)
P
A E
B
35°
A
D
B
C F
F L D
E
Q
C

Introductory Exercise 12.2

1 The sum of the smaller sides cannot be equal to or less AB BD 5
13 = = (By angle bisector theorem)
than the largest side. AC CD 7
2 122 > 82 + 62 ⇒ obtuse triangle A

3 Sum of exterior angles = 360°

5 7
4 ∠ACD = ∠CBA + ∠BAC = 70° + 40° = 110°
5 ∠ABC + ∠ACB < 90°
B D C
6 x + 4 x + 7 x = 180°
⇒ x = 15° 14 Let’s draw a line segment DG, which is parallel to the
∴ 7 x = 105° line segment BF, such that G lies on AC.
Now look at the ∆ADG, where EF || DG, so we have
70 30
7 ∠OBC + ∠OCB = + = 50° AF AE 1
2 2 = =
FG DE 1
∴ ∠BOC = 180° − 50° = 130°
A
1
8 ∠BFC = 90° − (∠A ) F
2
1
= 90° − [180° − (80° + 30° )] E G
2
= 55°
B D C
10 Prove with the help of similarity.
Now, let’s have a look at the ∆BFC, where BF || DG, so we
11 Prove with the help of the similarity. have
12 ∆ ABC ~ ∆ DEF FG BD 1
= =
D GC BC 1
A Thus we can say that AF : FG : GC = 1 : 1 : 1
Therefore, AF : FC = 1 : 2
9 7.5 15 AB is hypotenuse and AD is perpendicular in ∆ABD,
∴ AB > AD
A
B 6 C E 12 F

AB DE
∴ =
BC EF
9 DE
⇒ = ⇒ DE = 18 cm
6 12 B D C

Page 171 of 277

Geometry 639

16 x 2 + ( x − 17 )2 = 252 42 A
(Using Pythagoras theorem) 25
∴ x = 24 cm x P Q
∴ Altitude + Base = 24 + 7 = 31 cm
(x + 17) B C
17 Go back to the basics. P Q

18 ∠ACB = 180° − 100° = 80° i.e., BQ is a transversal of PQ and BC.

B C
and ∠BAC + ∠ABC = 180° − 80° = 100°
∴ ∠ABC = 50° (Q ∠BAC = ∠ABC ) 45 Apply Pythagoras theorem.
b2 + c2 − a2 46 Apply Pythagoras theorem.
20 cos A = (cosine rule)
2bc 47 A F
1 b2 + c2 − a2
= (Q cos 60° = 1 2)
2 2bc
∴ a2 = b2 + c2 − bc
a2 + b2 − c2 D E
B C
21 cos C =
2ab BD ( AB )2
48 =
1 a +b −c
2 2 2
CD ( AC )2
− = ⇒ c2 = a2 + b2 + ab
2 2ab C
1 1 1
22 = + (Apply similarity of triangles) D
p2 a2 b2
B
A B
D
49 Apply Pythagoras theorem
B
C A

27 A

A E C
P R
50 EF = 3 cm ∴ BC = 6 cm A

FD = 4 cm ∴ AC = 8 cm
B Q C F E
AB = 10 cm ∴ DE = 5 cm
33 There are 4 congruent triangles. A
Hence, A (∆ ABC ) = 6 × 4 = 24 cm 2 51 A
B D C
P R

D
B Q C F
AB × BC
34 BD = A
C
AC B E
6×6 D
= = 3 2 cm AB AD
6 2 52 = A
AC AE
1 B C 3.6 2.1
36 ∠BOC = 90° + ∠A = E
2 D
2.4 AE
= 90° + 40° = 130°
⇒ AE = 1.4 cm
37 B C

54 ∠EAB = ∠OAB = 60°

∠ABD = 45°
∴ ∠AOB = 180° − (60° + 45° ) = 75°

Page 172 of 277

640 QUANTUM CAT
55 ∠LBN = ∠BAC = ∠BCA = 70° AE 3
⇒ =
5 10
∴ ∠ ABC = 180° − (70° + 70° ) = 40°
⇒ AE = 1. 5
56 ∠ECB = 60° + 90° = 150°
PB AP
∴ ∠CEB + ∠EBC = 180° − 150° = 30° 64 =
BR AQ
∴ ∠BEC = 15° (Q ∠BEC = ∠EBC ) PB 2 2 2
∴ ∠DEC = 60° ⇒ = =
BR 3 2 3
∴ ∠DEM = 60° − 15° = 45° PB 2x
Q = ∴BR = 6 cm
57 ∠ABQ = ∠EAY BR 3x
⇒ 20 + y = 60 ⇒ y = 40° 65 Since EF || DC , so we have
Now, ∠BAD = 180 − (60 − 35) = 85° EF EG FG EF 5
= = ⇒ =
∴ ∠ADB = 180 − (∠BAD + ∠ABD ) DC CG DG 18 10
⇒ ∠ADB = 180 − 105 = 75° ⇒ EF = 9
58 ∠ACB = 42° = ∠ECD D
∴ ∠CED = 180° − (58° + 42° ) = 80° = ∠FEG A
∴ ∠FGE = 180° − (66° + 80° ) = 34° E
G
59 ∠BAD = 70°
∴ ∠BDA = 180° − (70° + 50° ) = 60°
2x 3y + 8 B F C
60 = ⇒ y=8
x 2y Now, since ∆ABC and ∆EFC are similar triangles,
∴ x = 2y = 16 AC EC
therefore =
AB EF
61 ∠BCD = 27 ° AC 15
⇒ =
∠BDC = 180°− (27 ° + 27 ° ) = 126° 15 9
∴ ∠ADC = 54° = ∠DAC ⇒ AC = 25
∴ ∠ACD = 180° − (54° + 54° ) = 72° 66 Since ∆PQD and ∆ABD are similar, therefore
62 Let us consider that ∠ABC = x, therefore ∠ACB = x QD PQ
= …(i)
Since ∠CAD is the external angle of ∆ABC, therefore, BD AB
∠CAD = 2x Similarly, ∆BPQ and ∆BCD are similar, therefore
Now, we know that AC = AD, therefore BQ PQ
= …(ii)
∠ACD = ∠ADC = y BD CD
D By adding equations (i) and (ii), we will have
BD  1 1 
y = PQ  + 
BD  AB CD 
1 AB + CD
A ⇒ =
2x PQ AB × CD
AB × CD xy
⇒ PQ = =
AB + CD x + y
y
Hence, choice (c) is the correct one.
x x
Alternatively Consider AB = CD = 2, then by ladder
B C
theorem PQ = 1. Now substitute the values of x, y, z in
But, since sum of al the angles of ∆ACD = 180° , therefore the given options, you will see that only choice (d) is
2x + y + y = 180° valid. In this question, z plays no role, so it’s irrelevant.
⇒ x + y = 90° Alternatively Apply cross Ladder Theorem, we have
Thus, we have ∠BCD = ∠ACB + ∠ACD 1 1 1
= +
⇒ ∠BCD = x + y = 90° PQ AB CD
63 By mid point theorem, we can say that 1 1 xy
= + =
AE AD AE AD x y x+ y
= ⇒ =
AC AB AC ( AD + BD ) Hence choice (c) is the correct one.

Page 173 of 277

Geometry 641

67 Apply similarity of triangles, ∆ADB ~ ∆CDA AB PQ 15 PQ

77 = ⇒ =
AD CD BC QR 10 60
=
BD AD A P
3 CD
⇒ =
4 3
⇒ CD = 2.25 15
70 Since, CF || AD, so we have,
∠FCA = ∠DAC = x and ∠AFC = ∠MAD = x. 90°
Therefore, ∠AFC = ∠FCA = x B 10 C Q 60 R
Thus, we can conclude that in the ∆AFC the two sides are
equal. 78 16 : 81
That is AF = AC . 79
BC AC
= =
AB
Again, since CF || AD, so we have, PQ AP AQ
AB BD
= 3 x−5
80 = ⇒ x = 8 or 9
AF CD x − 3 3x − 19
AB BD
⇒ = (Q AF = FC ) 3 3
AC CD 81 h = side = × 2a = a 3
2 2
71 ∆ABD ≅ ∆CBD
AB BD 5 2
82 = ⇒ = ⇒ AC = 7.5 cm
73 C AC CD AC 3
AB PB 3 PB
N 83 = ⇒ = ⇒ PB = 2 cm
QR PR 9 6
200 m
W E AO AQ
84 =
90° BO BP
S
A 150 m B 10 AQ
= ⇒ AQ = 15 cm
6 9
AC = AB + BC 2 2
AB AD 12 6
85 = ⇒ =
74 A AC AE 15 AE
∴ AE = 7.5 cm
F E
86 AB = AC and AD = CD A
P
∴ AB = 2AD
B D C Now, since AD is a tangent
B D
75 BD = 2DF ∴ AD 2 = AP × AB
2
AB 2 = BF 2 + AF 2  AB 
  = AP × AB ⇒ AB = 4 AP
 2
and AD 2 = DF 2 + AF 2 C
3 5
A 87 AC = 5 cm ⇒ AD = cm
2
A

90°
B D F E C
E
AN × NC A
A (∆ANC ) 2
76 =
A (∆ANB ) AN × BN 5 12
2 B D C
(12 × 12)
NC 13 144 AE = BE and BD = CD
= = = B N C
NB 5× 5 25 AB 2 = AC 2 − BC 2 = 25 − BC 2 …(i)
13

Page 174 of 277

642 QUANTUM CAT
2
 3 5 91 Apply Pythagoras theorem.
and AB 2 = AD 2 − BD 2 =   − BD 2
 2  NOTE The sides given in option (d) cannot form any type of
2
triangle.
45 BC
= − …(ii) AB AC 12 8
4 4 92 = ⇒ =
BD CD BC + CD CD
From eq. (i) and (ii)
12 8
55 = ⇒ CD = 8 cm
BC 2 = 4 + CD CD
3
Now, from eq. (i)   BC  
2
93 AB 2 + AC 2 = 2  AD 2 +    (Appollonius theorem)
55 20   2 
AB 2 = 25 − = 
3 3
2 A
1 
Also CE 2 = BE 2 + BC 2 =  AB + BC 2
2 
AB 2 5 55 60
= + BC 2 = CE 2 = + = = 20 25 cm
4 3 3 3 D
∴ CE = 2 5 cm B 50 cm C
88 By Apollonius theorem  2
 BC 
2500 = 2 625 +    ⇒ BC = 50 cm
AB 2 + AC 2 = 2( AD 2 + BD 2 ) (BD = CD )  2 
 
100 + 196 = 2( AD 2 + 36) A
94 ∠BAC = 15°
⇒ AD 2 = 112
∴ ∠BCA = 15° (Q AB = BC )
∴ AD = 4 7 ∴ ∠ABC = 180° − (15° + 15° ) = 150°
AG 2
Now, since = G ∴ ∠ABD = 30° (180° − 150°)
GD 1 AD
2 ∴ sin 30° =
⇒ AG = AD AB
3 B D C
1 AD
2 8 = ⇒ AD = 5 cm (Q AB = 10 cm)
∴ AG = × 4 7 = 7 cm 2 AB
3 3
1
89 Since AM is the median of a right angled triangle. ∴ Area of ∆ABC = × BC × AD
2
A 1
= × 10 × 5 = 25 cm 2
2
95 AB 2 + AC 2 = 2( AD 2 + BD 2 )
7 24 A

15 cm 25 cm
B D M C G
BC 25 AB × AC 7 × 24
∴ AM = = and AD = = B D C
2 2 BC 25 18 cm
AD 7 × 24 × 2 336 ∴ 225 + 625 = 2 ( AD 2 + 81)
∴ = =
AM 25 × 25 625
⇒ AD 2 = 344
90 ∆BED ~ ∆BAC B
1
⇒ AD = 2 86 and GD = AD
BE ED BD 1 3
∴ = = =
BA AC BC 2 2
E D ∴ GD = 86 cm
A (∆BED )  1 1
2 3
∴ =  =
A (∆BAC )  2 4 96 ∠BDE = 115°
A C
∴ A (∆BDE ) = 7.5 cm 2
∴ ∠ADE = 65° and ∠AED = 75°
∴ ∆AED ~ ∆ABC

Page 175 of 277

Geometry 643

DE AE AD ⇒ ∠BAC = 2x
∴ = =
BC AB AC ⇒ ∠BAD = x
∴
2 10
= ∴ ∠BAC + ∠ABC + ∠ACB = 180°
3 AB ⇒ 2x + x + x = 180°
⇒ AB = 15 cm ⇒ x = 36°
97 For the given perimeter of a triangle the maximum area Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
is enclosed by an equilateral triangle. 102 As AD is the angle bisector, so
AB BD
=
AC DC
a a
A

a
∴ 3a = 24 cm B D C
⇒ a = 8 cm
Further, since AD is the median, so
3 2 3
∴ Area =a = × (8)2 = 16 3 cm 2 BD = CD = k (say)
4 4 AB BD k
∴ = = =1
98 ∆ADE ~ ∆ACB (A-A-A property) AC DC k
AE AD ⇒ AB = AC = 15 cm
∴ =
AB AC Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
10 12 103 Let ∠BAC = x, then ∠ACB = 2x. Now, extend BC till a
=
20 AC
point D such that when A and D are connected ∠CAD
⇒ AC = 24 cm becomes equal to ∠BAC.
EC = AC − AE = 24 − 10 = 14 cm But since ∠ ADC + ∠ DAC = ∠ ACB
99 ∠ACD = ∠ADC = x ⇒ ∠ADC = x
A
∴ ∠CAD = (180° − 2 x )
x x x
∠ABC = ∠BAC =
2
(Q ∠ABC + ∠BAC = ∠ACD = x )
2x x
∴ ∠BAC + ∠CAD + 81° = 180°
B C D
x
∴ + (180° − 2x ) + 81° = 180°
2 Therefore, AC = DC = 4 cm. And,
3 so BD = BC + CD = 10 cm
∴ x = 81°
2 Now you can see that ∆BAC and ∆BDA are similar
⇒ x = 54° triangles.
Alternatively Applying the same process go through Therefore,
options. AB BD
=
100 It is value (side) dependent i.e., it is different for BC AB
AB 10
different triangles unlike the case of equilateral triangle. ⇒ =
6 AB
101 Let ∠ACB = x ⇒ AB = 60 = 2 15 cm
⇒ ∠CAD = x Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
⇒ ∠ADB = 2x 104 Since BD is the angle bisector of ∠ ABC, therefore
⇒ ∠ABD = 2x AB AD ( AB )(CD )
A
= ⇔ AD =
BC CD BC
But, it is given that
(BD )(BC ) (BE )( AB )
=
B D C CD AE
(BD )(BC ) BE
But since ∠BAC = ∠ABC ⇒ =
(CD )( AB ) AE

Page 176 of 277

644 QUANTUM CAT
BD BE Then there will be two congruent triangles ABD and
⇒ =
AD AE CBD. Now using 30-60-90 degree theorem (or
B 3
trigonometric ratios) we can find the base AD = DC =
2
E 1
and altitude BD = .
2
1
Therefore area of ∆ ABC = × AC × BD
2
A D C
1 1 3
= × 3× =
It implies that DE is the angle bisector of ∠ ADB. 2 2 4
∴ ∠ BDE = ∠EDA = ∠EAD = x ° (say) Alternatively Consider the first figure. Using
∴ ∠BDA + ∠DAB + ∠ ABD = 2x + x + 66 = 180° 30-30-120 degree theorem or Cosine rule/Sine rule, we
⇒ x = 38° will have AC = 3 unit. After this we can use the formula
⇒ ∠BAD = 38° and ∠ACB = 28° for area of a triangle s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c), where s is the
∴ ∠BAD − ∠ACB = 10° semiperimeter of the triangle and a, b, c are the sides of it.
Hence choice (a) is the correct one. 1
106 ∠AOC = 180 − (∠BAC + ∠BCA )
2
105 Consider the following figures. If you cut the first figure
from the mid-point of its base along its altitude BD and ⇒ (∠BAC + ∠BCA ) = 112°
then rotate it clockwise about the point D by 180°, then B
you will get an equilateral triangle, in which points A
and C will overlap. Now it would become very easy to
find the area of the given triangle as even though the
O
shape of the triangle changes but its area remains the
same.
B A C

60° 60° and ∠ ABC = 180° − (∠BAC + ∠BCA )

⇒ ∠ ABC = 180° − 112 = 68°
30° 30° Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
A D C
107 First of all, let’s connect B to F. Now, we can easily
B figure out that the area of ∆BFD = ∆CFD = x, as the base
60° and height of these two triangles are same. Similarly, we
30° can find out that area of ∆AEF = ∆BFE = y.
A/C D
30° A

60°
B′

3 3 E
The area of the equilateral triangle = × a2 = F
4 4
(Q a = 1)
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
B
F D C
Alternatively Consider the first figure. Since the
triangle is an isosceles one, so the sides AB and AC would But, we know that area of ∆ABD = ∆EBC .
be of same length. And so the two angles BAC and BCA Therefore, 2x + y = x + 2y
would be 30° each. ⇒ x=y
As the triangle ABC is an isosceles one, so the Therefore, area of ∆AEF = x and area of quadrilateral
perpendicular dropped from the angle B on the opposite BEFD = 2x.
side AC will bisect the side AC as well as the angle ABC. Hence choice (c) is the correct one.

Page 177 of 277

Geometry 645

Introductory Exercise 12.3

1 x + 2x + 3x + 4 x = 360 ⇒ x = 36 (PQ ) × (CX )
A (∆ PXQ ) =
2
D C
S D R
144° 108°
A B
X

36° 72°
A B P C Q

∴ The angles of quadrilateral (in order) are SP × AX RQ × BX

Area of ∆ SXP + RXQ = +
36°, 72°, 108°, 144° 2 2
1
Since opposite angles are supplementary, therefore = (l × b) …(i)
AB ||CD. Hence it is a trapezium. 2
where SP = RQ = b and PQ = SR = l
2 3x + 4 x + 5x + 6 x = 360° ⇒ x = 20 ∴ 6 x = 120°
and AX + BX = AB = PQ = SR = l
Hence, the largest angle of a quadrilateral is 120°. (SR ) × (DX ) (PQ × CX )
and Area of ∆SXR + PXQ = +
3 D C 2 2
(SR ) × (DX ) (SR ) × (CX )
Q = +
2 2
SR
= (DX + CX )
P 2
l lb
A B = ×b= …(ii)
2 2
4 ∠DAB = 2x ⇒ ∠ABC = 2y From eqs. (i) and (ii), we find that option (c) is correct.
2 x + 2y = 180 ⇒ x + y = 90° 9 AD = BC = 20 cm
i.e., ∠PAB + ∠PBA = 90°
AB = 20
∴ ∠APB = 90°
D C
D C

P
30°
A M B
A B DM 1
In ∆ ADM, = sin 30° =
5 Prove that opposite sides are parallel, and diagonals are AD 2
equal. Also all the interior angles are right angle. 1
∴ DM = AD = 10 cm
6 ∠BCE = 102° and ∠ECD = 60° 2
∴ Area of parallelogram = base × height
∴ ∠BCD = 102° + 60° = 162°
= 20 × 10 = 200 cm 2
7 Q ∆ ADQ ≅ ∆BAP D C
10 Let DB = 12 m D C
and ∠DCP = 90°
∠CDR and ∠CPR are supplementary ∴ BM = 6 m
P M
10
∴ ∠DCP + ∠DRP = 180° R ∴ AM = 102 − 62
∴ ∠DRP = 90° AM = 8 m
(SP ) × ( AX ) A Q B A 10 B
8 Area of ∆SXP = (Remember: Diagonals bisects
2 each other at right angles)
(RQ ) × (BX ) (Bisect: Divide equally into two parts)
A (∆ RXQ ) =
2 ∴ AC = 8 × 2 = 16 m
(SR ) × (DX )
A (∆ SXR ) =
2

Page 178 of 277

646 QUANTUM CAT
11 ∠BCD = ∠DAB = 65° 1
17 A( ABPQ ) = A( ABCD)
2
∴ CDB = 180° − (65° + 45° ) = 70°
N D C
D C
Q
R
Q P
R
P
A B
A M B
1
and A (∆ARB ) = A ( ABPQ)
12 Let AC and BD bisects each other at R, then AP = 2PR 2
and QC = 2RQ 1  1 
∴ A (∆ARB ) = A ( ABCD)  A (∆ARB ) = × AB × BP 
D C 4  2 

R 18 Let BD = 6 m and AC = 8 m
∴ AO = 4 m and BO = 3 m
45°
65° D C
A B
(Q AR and CR are the medians of ∆ADB and ∆BDC) O
and AP = QC and PR = RQ (Q ∆DAB ≅ ∆BCD )
∴ AP = PQ A B
13 Since their base and perpendicular heights are same.
Let AB = 5 m ∴∠AOB = 90°
14 ABCD is a parallelogram Q D P C ⇒ ∠BOC = ∠AOD = ∠DOC = 90°
and ABPQ is a rectangle
∴ BC is also 5 m.
having same base and equal
Hence, ABCD is a rhombus
perpendicular height.
AC × BD 6 × 8
Therefore the area of both is ∴ Area of rhombus ABCD = = = 24 m 2
A B 2 2
same.
Now, since AD > AQ 19 BD = 152 + 202 = 25 cm
and BC > BP (∆ ABD is right angled triangle)
∴ 2( AB + BC ) > 2 ( AB + BP )
∴∆ BCD is equilateral triangle.
∴ Perimeter of parallelogram > perimeter of rectangle.
∴ Area of ABCD = Area of ∆ ABD + Area of ∆ BCD
15 AB = CD = PQ = l Q
P 1 3 25
= × 15 × 20 + × (25)2 = (24 + 25 3) cm 2
and AQ = BP = AD = CB = b D C 2 4 4
Bases of rectangle ABPQ and BE 1
20. = sin 30° =
parallelogram ABCD is same, AB 2
but perpendicular heights of A M B 1
parallelogram is less than ∴ BE = × AB = 6 cm = CF
2
that of rectangle. Therefore area of parallelogram is less CF
than that of rectangle. and = tan 45° = 1
DF
16 AD = 2 BM and AD || BM ∴ DF = CF = 6 cm
AE 3
D C and = cos 30° =
AB 2
∴ AE = 6 3 cm
M
∴ AD = AE + EF + FD = 6 3 + 6 + 6
= 6 (2 + 3) cm 2
A B N 1
Area of trapezium ADCB = × ( AD + BC ) × BE
∴From mid-point theorem 2
1
∴
NM NB BM 1
= = = = × [ 6 (2 + 3) + 6] × 6
ND NA AD 2 2
6
∴ AN = 2AB = (2 + 3 + 1) × 6 = 18 × (3 + 3) = 18 (3 + 3) cm 2
2

Page 179 of 277

Geometry 647

21 A (∆ ABE ) = A (∆ BDE ) E D 26 Since diagonals bisect each other at right angles and all
sides are equal.
= A (∆ BCE )
1 Apply Pythagoras theorem or Apollonius theorem.
A (∆ ABC ) = A ( ACDE)
3 27 Use Pythagoras theorem
1
= × 36 = 12 cm 2 A C D R C
3 B
22 ABCD is a square and ABEF is a rhombus. M N
P
FM 1 AF
= sin 30° = ⇒ FM = , AF = AB
AF 2 2
A S B
D C

28 Apply Apollonius theorem.

F E
D C

16
O 18
30°
A M B
A 14 B
Area of square = a2 ( AB = AD = a)
AB 2 + BC 2 = 2(BO 2 + AO 2 )
a×a  a
Area of rhombus =  FM =  ⇒ AB 2 + BC 2 = 2 (BO 2 + 64)
2  2
(Area of rhombus = base × height) ⇒ 196 + 324 = 2 (BO 2 + 64)
Area of square 2 ∴ BO 2 = 196 ⇒ BO = 14 cm ⇒ BD = 2BO = 28 cm
∴ =
Area of rhombus 1
29 Consider the following diagram, D C
23 Area of quadrilateral = Area of ∆ABD + Area of ∆BCD
where AB is parallel to CD and AC
where BD = 26 cm and BD act as transversal lines. O
D ∠AOB = ∠COD (Opposite angles)
∠OAB = ∠OCD (Alternate angles) A B
30 ∠ABO = ∠CDO (Alternate angles)
28
∴ ∆ AOB ~ ∆COD (AAA similarity)
AB AO BO
C Therefore = =
25
CD OC OD
A 17 B Hence choice (d) is correct.

Hint Apply Hero’s formula : 30 Let us consider the following diagram. Where
AB || CD || EF . Further, let us consider AB = m and
Area of ∆ = s (s − a)(s − b)(s − c) OA m OB m
a+ b+c CD = n, we have, = and = .
where s= OC n OD n
2
D C
24 It is not possible. S R
100°
Q ∠P + ∠R = 170° ≠ 180° E F
O
∴ The given quadrilateral is
not cyclic so there is no any
70° 90°
point in the given plane A B
P Q
which is equidistant from
( AB )n + (CD )m (m)n + (n)m
its vertices. But, EF = =
m+n (m + n)
25 By mid-point theorem,
2mn 2( AB )(CD )
D C = =
m + n ( AB + CD )
F O G
2( AB )(CD )
Therefore, EF =
( AB + CD )
E H
2(6 × 2)
A B = = 3 cm
EF FG GH EH 1 6+ 2
= = = =
AD DC BC AB 2 Hence choice (a) is the correct one.

Page 180 of 277

648 QUANTUM CAT
Introductory Exercise 12.4
1 Each interior angle = 140° 360°
10 Exterior angle = = 40°
∴Exterior angle = 180° − 140° = 40° 9
360° 360° Interior angle = 180° − 40° = 140°
∴Number of sides = = =9
Exterior angle 40° ∴ Interior angle : exterior angle = 140° : 40 = 7 : 2
Alternatively It can be checked easily through 11 Let us consider a square which has 4 sides ans 2
1
options. diagonals and each interior angle 90°. So it has k = .
360° 2
2 Exterior angle of a regular hexagon = = 60°
6 1
If you put θ = 90° in choice (c) you will get k = , but in
∴ Interior angle = 180° − 60° = 120° 2
360° 1
3 ∴ Interior angle of pentagon = 180° − = 108° other choices k would not be equal to .
5 2
∴ Interior angle of required polygon = 5 / 6 × 108° = 90° Else, you can assume another polygon say a regular
∴ Each exterior angle of the requird polygon hexagon which has 6 sides and 9 diagonals and each
= 180° − 90° = 90° 3
interior angle 120°. So it has k = .
360° 360° 2
∴ Number of sides = = =4
Exterior angle 90° 3
So, if you put θ = 120° in choice (c) you will get k = ,
Alternatively Best way is to go through options. 2
3
4 Sum of all the interior angles = (n − 2) 180° but in other choices you won’t get k = .
2
1260° = (n − 2) 180° These two tests suggest that choice (c) is the correct
⇒ n = 9 (n → number of sides) answer.
5 Interior angle = 3 × exterior angle Hence choice (c) is the correct answer.
360°  360 Alternatively In an n-sided polygon the number of
180° − = 3×   ⇒n = 8
n  n  n(n − 3)
diagonals =
2
Alternatively Best way is to go through options.
n(n − 3)
360° Therefore, nk =
6 Go through option. Exterior angle = = 60° 2
6 (n − 3)
Interior angle = 180° − 60° = 120° ⇒ k=
2
Difference between interior angle and exterior angle But, number of sides,
= 120° − 60° = 60° (n − 2)π 2π
n (n − 3) n= ⇒
7 = 54° ⇒ n − 3n = 108° ⇒ n = 12
2 θ π −θ
2 (n − 3)
Therefore, k=
Alternatively Put the value of n from the choices given 2
below.  2π 
  −3
8 Go through options. Let us consider the correct option (d).  π − θ 3θ − π
= ⇒k =
Number of sides 5 : 10 2 2(π − θ )
Exterior angle = 72° 36°
Interior angle = 180° − 72° 180° − 36° 12 In ∆EAD, ∠ AED = 108° and EA = ED,
(= 108° ) (= 144° ) ∴ ∠EAD = ∠EDA = 36°
3 : 4 It implies that ∠DAB = 108 − 36 = 72°
Hence, option (d) is correct. Similarly, in ∆DCB, ∠DCB = 108°
9 Go through options and CD = CB,
Alternatively Sum of al exterior angles = 360° ∴ ∠CDB = ∠CBD = 36°
∴ Sum of interior angles = 4 × 360° = 1440° It implies that ∠DBA = 108 − 36 = 72°
∴ 1440° = (n − 2) 180° ∴ ∠ADB = 180 − (72 + 72) = 36°
⇒ n = 10 (no. of sides) Hence choice (a) is the correct one.

Page 181 of 277

Geometry 649

13 In ∆ ACB, ∠ ABC = 108° and AB = BC , Thus, ∠DPC = 180 − ∠BPC = 180 − 108 = 72°
∴ ∠ BAC = ∠ BCA = 36° Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
Similarly, in ∆DCB, ∠DCB = 108° and CD = CB, 14 Connect the centre of the hexagon with the three
∴ ∠CDB = ∠CBD = 36° vertices of the given triangle, as shown below. Due to
symmetricity there are now total 6 congruent triangles,
D
with 30-30-120 degree angles. Out of 6 such triangles
36° exactly 3 triangles are comprised in the given triangle.
36°
E C 5
72° 36° 2
P 4 1
3
36° 6
36°
A B 3 1
So the required ratio = =
Now, in ∆BPC , ∠PBC = ∠PCB = 36°, 6 2
∴ ∠BPC = 180 − (36 + 36) = 108° Hence choice (d) is the correct one.

Introductory Exercise 12.5

1 AC = OA 2 − OC 2 = (17 )2 − (82 ) = 15 cm 14 ∠ABO = 60° = ∠BAO (Q AO = BO , radii of the circle)
∴ AB = 2AC = 30 cm (Q AC = BC ) ∴ ∠AOB = 180° − (60° + 60° ) = 60°
1
2 AB = 8 cm ∴ ∠ ACB = ∠ AOB = 30°
2
∴ AM = 4 cm 1
15 ∠CBA = ∠COA = 60°
and OA = 5 cm 2
∴ ∠CBE = 180° − ∠CBA
∴ OM = (OA )2 − ( AM )2 = 25 − 16 = 3 cm
180° − 60° = 120°
3 Q AB is the perpendicular bisector of OO′. 16 ∠BDA = 90° ⇒ ∠DBA = 50°
∴ ∠OMA = 90° ∴ ∠DAB = 180° − (90° + 50° ) = 40°
4 AM : BM : 1 : 1
17 ∠ BAC = 60°
5 ∠AOC = ∠BOC (Q AC = BC ) ∴ ∠ BEC = 180° − 60° = 120°
∴ OC is the perpendicular bisector of AB.
18 ∠ ABD = 45° ∴ ∠ ACD = 45°
∴ AM = BM
6 OA = 13 cm ⇒ AM = 5 cm 19 ∠BDC = ∠BAC = 30°
∴ OM = (13)2 − (5)2 = 12 cm ∴ ∠BCD + ∠BDC + ∠DBC = 180°
∴ ∠BCD = 180° − (30° + 60° )
7 Degree measure of major arc = 360° − 130° = 230°
∠BCD = 90°
8 It is necessarily a rectangle. 20 ∠ADC = 140°
9 ∠ADC = 180° − 65° = 115° ∴ ∠ABC = 40° ⇒ ∠ACB = 90°
∴ ∠DCA = 180° − (115° + 45° ) = 20° ∴ ∠BAC = 180° − (90° + 40° ) = 50°
( ADCB is a cyclic quadrilateral ) 1 1
21 ∠CAB = ∠BOC = × 40° = 20°
10 ∠ OBA = ∠ OAB = 55° 2 2
 180° − 80°
∴ ∠ AOB = 180° − (55° + 55° ) = 70° 22 ∠OBA = ∠OAB =   = 50°
 2 
and ∠ AOB = ∠ COD = 70°
 180° − 120°
and ∠OCA = ∠OAC =   = 30°
12 ∆ BAP ~ ∆ CDP (Q ∠ A = ∠ D and ∠ APB = ∠ DPC)  2 
∴
AB AP BP
= = ∴ ∠BAC = ∠BAO + ∠OAC = 50° + 30° = 80°
CD DP CP 100°
23 ∠ADC = = 50°
∴ AP × PC = BP × DP 2
13 ∠BDC = 180° − (110° + 30° ) = 40° ∴ ∠ABC = 180° − 50° = 130°
m ∠ADC 50° 5
and ∠BAC = ∠BDC = 40° (angles of the same segment) ∴ = =
m ∠ABC 130° 13

Page 182 of 277

650 QUANTUM CAT
 1  39 AP × BP = DP × CP
24 ∠APB = 50° Q m ∠APB = m ∠AOB
 2 
2 × 6 = DP × 3
∴ ∠ACB = 180° − 50° = 130°
⇒ DP = 4 cm
∴ ∠BCD = 180° − 130° = 50°
40 PA × PB = PC × PD
25 ∠ABC = 180° − 120° = 60°
3 × (3 + 5) = 2 × PD
∠ACB = 90°
∴ ∠CAB = 180° − (90° + 60° ) = 30° ∴ PD = 12 cm
∴ CD = PD − PC = 12 − 2 = 10 cm
26 ∠COD = ∠AOB = 70°
180° − 70° 41 PT 2 = PA × PB
∴ ∠OCD = = 55°
2 5 × 5 = 4 × (4 + x )
9
27 ∠ABK = 180° − (105° + 40° ) = 35° ⇒ x = cm, where AB = x
4
∴ ∠ACD = ∠ABD = 35°
42 Let they touch eachother at O and
28 ∠BAC = 80° (Q ∠ABC = ∠ACB = 50° )
A, B be the centres of the two
∴ ∠BDC = ∠BAC = 80° circles, then OA = 13 cm
29 ∠ADB = 90° and OB = 5 cm A B
O
∴ ∠DBA = 20° [180° − (90° + 70° )] ∴ AB = OA − OB = 8 cm
∴ ∠CBA = 30° + 20° = 50°
∴ ∠CDA = 180° − 50° = 130° 43 AB = 5 cm = x + y
∴ ∠ CDB = 130° − 90° = 40° BC = 6 cm = y + z
A

30 ∠BAD = 80° ∴ ∠DCE = 80° AC = 7 cm = z + x

31 ∠AOC = 2 × 50 = 100° ∴ 2 ( x + y + z ) = 5 + 6 + 7 = 18 cm
B C
100 ⇒ x + y + z = 9 cm
∴ ∠ABC = = 50°
2 ⇒ x = ( x + y + z ) − ( y + z ) = 9 − 6 = 3 cm
NOTE There are some more ways to solve it. Find them. ∴ x + y = 5 cm
∴ y = 5 − x = 5 − 3 = 2 cm
32 ∠AOB = 2 ∠ACB = 2 × 25 = 50°
∴ z = 6 − y = 6 − 2 = 4 cm
1
33 ∠APB = 180° − × 90° = 135° P ∴ x = 3 cm
2
y = 2 cm and z = 4 cm
 1  A B
Q ∠ACB = 45° =  2 × 90°  44 Prove with the help of property of tangents : ‘‘Tangents
  O drawn from the same point on a circle are always equal.’’
and ∠APB + ∠ACB = 180° 
45 Tangent is always perpendicular to the radius.
A
C

34 OA = (OB )2 − ( AB )2 O P O'
∴ OA = 169 − 144 = 5 cm
B
35 PN × PR = PQ 2 ⇒ PN × 25 = (15)2
∴ PN = 9 cm 46 ∠APB = ∠AQB
36 TQ = TP and TP = TR when ∠APB = ∠AQB = 90°
∴ TQ = TP = TR
37 ∠BAC = 90° Q
∠BCA = 60° (Q ∠BCA = BAQ )
P
∴ ∠ABC = 180° − (90° + 60° )
∠ABC = 30°
38 ∠DBQ = 65° A B
∴ ∠DAB = 65° then they are supplementary. Also they are
∴ ∠DCB = 180° − 65° = 115° supplementary when they are in different segments.

Page 183 of 277

Geometry 651

47 CD = 6 cm 52 AB = r (say) then AC = BC = r, also

∴ AC = 6 cm and BC = 6 cm ∴ OA = OB = r / 2 (CD is a common chord)
(Q AC = CD and BC = CD. Two tangents from the same C
point are always equal.)
∴ AB = 12 cm
A B
O
48 ∠CAB = ∠BCD
and ∠DAB = ∠BDC
D
∴ ∠CAD = ∠CAB + ∠DAB = ∠BCD + ∠BDC
⇒ ∠ CAD = ∠BCD + ∠BDC  r 3r2 3
2

∴ ∠CAD + ∠CBD = ∠BCD + ∠BDC + ∠CBD = 180° ∴ OC = ( AC )2 − (OA )2 = r2 −   = = r

 2 4 2
49 AB = 24 cm 3 l (CD ) 3r 3
∴ CD = 2CO = 2 × r = 3r ∴ = =
∴ AC = BC = 12 cm 2 l ( AC ) r 1
OA = 20 cm M
53 Let A be the centre of larger circle and
∴ OC = (OA )2 − ( AC )2 B be the centre of the smaller circle.
= 400 − 144 = 16 cm OA = 3 cm and BO = 2 cm
and O ′ A = 37 cm and AB = (OA − OB ) = 1 cm P
A B
O
also BP = 2 cm ∴ AP = 1 cm
∴ O ′ C = (O ′ A ) − ( AC )
2 2

P is the point of contact of

= (37 )2 − (12)2 = 35 cm tangent MN. N

∴ OO ′ = OC + CO ′ = 16 + 35 = 51 cm ∴ MP = AM − AP = 3 − 1 = 2 2cm
2 2 2 2

50 AB = AC , OB = OC ∴ MN = 2MP = 4 2 cm
and BC is common and OA is 55. PQ = AS (PQ is a transverse common tangent)
common O
P
also ∠BOA = ∠COA
∴ ∆BOA ≅ ∆COA B P C
A R B
∴ BC and OA are perpendicular
A
bisector to each other Q
[Area of ∆ = s (s − a)(s − b)(s − c)]
a+ b + c 5 + 5 + 6 S
s= = = 8 cm
2 2 and BS = BQ + SQ = BQ + AP
Area of ∆BOA = 8 × 3 × 3 × 2 = 12 cm 2 BS = 2BQ (BQ = AP = radius)
1 1 BS = 6 cm
Again area of ∆BOA = OA × BP = × 5 × BP
2 2 ∴ AS = ( AB )2 − (BS )2 = (10)2 − (6)2 = 8 cm
1 ∴ AS = 8 cm ∴ PQ = 8 cm
12 = × 5 × BP
2 Alternatively The length of transverse common tangent
⇒ BP = 4.8 cm
= (distance beween the centres)2 − (r1 + r2 )2
∴ BC = 2BP = 2 × 4.8 = 9.6 cm
= (10)2 − (3 + 3)2 = 8 cm
51 OA = OC = 17 cm
A B
1 1 P 57 Inradius of an incircle of right
AP = AB = × 16 = 8 cm angled triangle
2 2 17
O Base + Altitude − Hypotenuse O
∴ OP = OA 2 − AP 2 = 15 cm 17 =
2 P
A
Now, PQ = OP + OQ = 23 cm C
Q D 4 + 3− 5 B
= = 1 cm Q
∴ 15 + OQ = 23 cm 2 D
C
∴ OQ = 8 cm Alternatively
Again, CQ = (OC )2 − (OQ )2 ⇒ CQ = (17 )2 − (8)2 Inradius =
Area of triangle
Semiperimeter of triangle
∴ CQ = 15 cm
∴ CD = 2CQ = 30 cm (3 × 4) 2 6
= = = 1 cm
(3 + 4 + 5) 2 6

Page 184 of 277

652 QUANTUM CAT
58 Let AB and CD be the two chords, then AB = 8 cm and 61 ∠DAB + ∠DCB = 180°
CD = 6 cm. ∠BAO + ∠OAD + ∠DCO = 180°
∴ AP = 4 cm and CQ = 3 cm and PQ = 1 cm (given) ∠ 69° + (∠OAD + ∠DCO ) = 180°
Let OP = x ∠OAD + ∠DCO = 111°
∴ AO 2 = AP 2 + OP 2 Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
∴ AO 2 = 42 + x 2 = 16 + x 2 …(i) 62 AC = 2 cm, so AB = BC = 1 cm. A
and OC = CQ + OQ
2 2 2
The inradius OD = OE = OF
= CQ 2 + (OP + PQ )2 = (3)2 + ( x + 1)2 AB + BC − AC 2 − 2
= = cm F
OC 2 = 9 + x 2 + 1 + 2x …(ii) 2 2
 2 − 2
But OA = OC , are the radii of the same circle. Therefore DE = 2  D
O
 2 
∴ 16 + x 2 = 9 + x 2 + 1 + 2x ⇒ x = 3 cm
= 2 − 1 cm
∴ OA 2 = 16 + x 2 = 16 + 9 = 25 B E C
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
∴ OA = 5 cm
63 Using Alternate segment theorem, we get
∴ Diameter of the circle = 2(OA ) = 10 cm
∠ ABC = ∠QAC = 48°
M
∠ BAP = ∠ACB = 64°
A ∠ ABP = ∠ACB = 64°
∴ ∠APB = 180 − (∠BAP + ∠ABP ) = 52°
O
And BAC = 180 − (∠ACB + ∠ABC ) = 68°
B P C Opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are always
supplementary, therefore
∠BDC = 180 − ∠BAC = 112°
59 AB = BC = AC = 2 cm Now, ∠CBP = ∠ ABC + ∠ABP = 48° + 64° = 112°
(Q radius of each circle = 1 cm) Thus, ∠BDC + ∠CBP + ∠APB
3 O = 112° + 112° + 52° = 276°
∴AP = × 2 ⇒ AP = 3 cm A
2 Hence choice (b) is the correct answer.
Let O be the centroid, then 64 ∠ECB = 180° − (∠CEB + ∠EBC ) = 90°
2 2
OA = × 3 = cm But since A, B, C , D are cyclic, so ∠DAB + ∠DCB
3 3
= 180° ⇒ ∠DAB = 90°
and AM = 1 cm
Again, ∠AFB = 180° − (∠FAB + ∠FBA ) = 29°
∴ OM = (2/ 3) + 1 = 2 + 3 / 3 cm
OM is the radius of the larger circle. Since, ∠EAD = 180° − ∠BAD = 90°
∴ Area of the circumscribing circle F
2 E °
 2 + 3 π 29
= πR 2 = π ×   = (2 + 3)2 29
 3  3 ° D

60 OA is the radius of the largest circle and O is the centroid A 90°

90° C
of the all concentric circles. Let r1, r2, r3 and r4 be the 61°
radii of the concentric circles in increasing order then
Total area of given circle = π × (20)2 = 400π B
1 and ∠EDA = 180° − (∠DEA + ∠EAD ) = 61°
Area of each region = × 400 π = 100π
4 ∴ α − β = 61 − 29 = 32°
∴ Area of central region = 100π = πr12 Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
⇒ r1 = 10 cm
Alternatively
Similarly, area of second region = 100π = π (r22 − r12 )
α = ∠ ADE = ∠ ABC = 61°
100π = π (r22 − 100)
(As ∠ ADE + ∠ ADC = ∠ ABC + ∠ ADC = 180°)
⇒ r2 = 10 2 cm
Again, area of third region = 100π = π (r32 − r22 ) ∴ ∠CDF = 61°
2 and ∠ ACF = ∠BEC + ∠EBC = 90°
100π = π (r3 − 200) ⇒ r32 = 10 3cm
(∠ ACE is an external angle of ∆EBC )
∴ The required radii are 10, 10 2 and 10 3.

Page 185 of 277

Geometry 653

∴ β = ∠CFD = 180° − (∠CDF + ∠DCF ) By using Pythagoras theorem we can determine AD, BD
= 180°− (61° + 90° ) = 29° and CD, as follows
∴ α − β = 61° − 29° = 32° AD 2 = AB 2 − BD 2
65 Case I : ∠OBC = ∠OCB = 42° = AB 2 − (BC − CD )2
∴ ∠BOC = 180 − 2(42° ) = 96° = 152 − (52 − CD )2 …(i)
and ∠OBA = ∠OAB = 24° Also, AD = AC − CD
2 2 2

∴ ∠AOB = 180 − 2(24° ) = 132°

= 412 − CD 2
Thus, ∠AOC = ∠AOB − ∠BOC
⇒ ∠AOC = 132 − 96° = 36° Comparing eq. (i) and eq. (ii), we get
CD = 40 cm, BD = 12 cm and AD = 9 cm
1
Now, the area of triangle ABC = × AD × BC
2
O 1
= × 9 × 52 = 234 sq cm
2
24°
A B Let us consider that the circumradius of the triangle is R
42°
and area is A, then we have
C abc
A=
Case II : ∠AOB = 180 − 2(24) = 132° 4R
and ∠BOC = 180° − 2(42) = 96° 15 × 41 × 52
⇒ 234 =
Thus, ∠AOC = ∠AOB + ∠BOC 4R
⇒ ∠AOC = 132 + 96 = 228° 205
⇒ R= cm
Hence choice (d) is the correct one. 6
205
C Therefore, the diameter of the circumcircle = cm
3
42° Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
O
68 Curvature of a circle
1 1
24°
B = = = 0. 5 cm
A radius of the circle 2
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
66 First of all complete the circle as B 69 Since the radius of a circle
shown below. Draw the chord AB 1
=
and consider an arbitrary point D C 135° curvature of the circle
lying on the major arc of the 90° 1 1
A O
Therefore, radii of the circles are = 2 and = 0. 5
circle. 0. 5 2
Now, central angle AOB = 90°, so
45

Thus the required distance between the centers of the

°

the angle in the major segment D circles = 2 + 0. 5 = 2. 5

due to the same chord AB is angle
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
ADB = 45°.
But since the quadrilateral ADBC is a cyclic one, therefore 70 Draw the following diagram and you B
∠ACB + ∠ADB = 180° will find that ABDC is a cyclic D
⇒ ∠ACB + 45° = 180° ⇒ ∠ACB = 135° quadrilateral. However, the Ptolemy’s
Hence choice (b) is the correct one. theorem states that, “If a
quadrilateral is inscribable in a circle A C
67 Let’s drop a perpendicular AD on BC, we will have two then the product of the measures of
right angled triangles ∆ADB and ∆ADC. its diagonals is equal to the sum of
A the products of the measures of the pairs of opposite
41 sides.”
15 9
B C Therefore, AB ⋅ CD + AC ⋅ BD = BC ⋅ AD
12 D 40 ⇒ 30(CD ) + 30(BD ) = 30( AD )
⇒ CD + BD = AD
⇒ CD + BD = 32 cm
Hence choice (b) is the correct one.

Page 186 of 277

654 QUANTUM CAT
Level 01 Basic Level Exercise

1 ∠BAD = 180° − 130° = 50° (Q ABCD is cyclic) AC + BC − AB

6 Inradius of a right angled triangle =
2
and ∠ADB = 90° (angle of semicircle) 9 + 40 − 41
∴ ∠ABD = 180 − (90 + 50) = 40° = = 4 cm
2
2 ∠ACB = 180 − (90 + 25) = 65° (Q ∠ABC = 90° ) 7 Let AD = 16 cm
D C
But since ∠ADB = ∠ACB
∴ ∠ADB = 65° 9 cm
3 ∠AOD = ∠ODC + ∠OCD (Q∠AOD is an external angle) 16 cm
= 52° (∠ODC = ∠OCD = 26° ) O 9 cm
(Q OD = OC )
4 Note that 4700 : 4935 : 6815 = 20 : 21 : 29 A 20 cm B
C
then AB = 20 cm and BD = 18 cm
∴ DO = BO = 9 cm
m

NOTE In a parallelogram the two diagonal bisect each

49
0c

35

other, therefore by Appollonious theorem

47 0

P
cm

∴ 16 2 + 20 2 = 2( 9 2 + AO 2)
O ⇒ AO = 247
∴ AC = 2 247 cm

B 6815 cm A 8 Go back to the basics

∴ ∆ ACB is right angled triangle and ∠ACB is a right angle. 9 It is clear that
PM PN 6 3
∴ The inradius of the right angled triangle = = =
MQ NR 4 2
20 + 21 − 29
= = 6 cm P
2
A

6 6

M N
M O
4 4

Q R
90°
Therefore ∆PMN and ∆PQR are similar
C B
P Now Ratio of areas of ∆PMN : ∆PQR
∴ MO = MC = 6 cm = 3 × 3 : 5 × 5 = 9 : 25
∴ AM = 21 − 6 = 15 cm ∴Percentage of area of ∆PMN over
AM AO 15 5 PO 2 9
∴ = = = ⇒ = ∆PQR = × 100 = 36%
MC OP 6 2 AO 5 25
5 CD = CP and BE = BP , since tangent from the same point 10 Since, ∆AOB is similar to ∆COD.
2
are always same. ∆AOB  3 9
∴ Ratio of areas of =  =
∴ AE = AD ∆COD  1 1
Now, AD = AC + CD = AC + CP D C
and AE = AB + BE = AB + BP
∴ AE + AD = AC + CP + AB + BP
O
2AE = AC + AB + (CP + BP )
2AE = AB + AC + BC
A B
Hence option (d) is correct.

Page 187 of 277

Geometry 655

11 The maximum possible distance between Barabanki and 15 × 20

∴ DM = = 12 cm, also CN = DM
Lucknow is 108 km and minimum possible distance 25
between Barabanki and Lucknow is 24 km. Hence (d) is the AD 2
∴ AM =
correct option. AB
42 km 15 × 15
F B ∴ AM = = 9 cm, also AM = BN
25
66 km
F L ∴ MN = AB − ( AM + BN ) = 25 − (18) = 7 cm
F but MN = CD = 7 cm
B L
1
∴ Area of trapezium = × (CD + AB ) × DM
42 km 66 km 2
108 km 1
= × 32 × 12 = 192 cm 2
F
B
L
2
42 km 17 (OS )2 = (OK )2 + (KS )2
66 km 25 = OK 2 + 16 ⇒ OK = 3
24 km
and (OS )2 = (OL )2 + (LN )2
12 Since CS = SD 25 = (OL )2 + 9 ⇒ OL = 4 cm
∴ The two chords must be equidistant from the centre ‘O’. ∴ KL = OL − OK = 1 cm
Thus, the required ratio is 1 : 1 ∴ Area of rectangle = 1 × 10 = 10 cm 2
13 ∠DFO = ∠FOM
18 ∠ ACB = 90°
and ∠AEO = ∠EOM (since CD || AB )
∴ AC = 12 cm
D F C Now, since CO is perpendicular on AB
28° AC × BC 16 × 12
28° ∴ CO = = = 9.6 cm
O M AB 20
42°
19 ∠ADB = ∠ACB = 41° (angles of the same segment)
42°
A E B ∴ ∠ABD = 180 − (∠ADB + 90) = 49° (∠ DAB = 90° )

∴ ∠FOE = (28° + 42° ) = 70° 20 Go through options for quicker answer

360
14 ∠AOB = 60° Exterior angle = = 24° (for n = 15)
15
(180° − 30° )
and ∠AOD = ∠ADO = = 75° ∴ Interior angle = 180 − 24° = 156°
2
∴ Interior − Exterior = 156 − 24 = 132°
Also ∠ BOC = 75°
Hence, option (b) is correct.
∴ ∠COD = 360° − (75° + 60° + 75° ) = 150°
21 OC = OD and OA = OP = OB
15 ∠ABD = ∠ABC − ∠DBC
C
= ∠ABC − ∠BDC = ∠ABC − (∠ABD + ∠BAD )
∴ 2(∠ABD ) = ∠ABC − ∠BAD = 30° 45°
∴ ∠ABD = 15° (Q ∠BAD = ∠BAC ) A
P
16 BD = AC = 20 cm (by Pythagorus theorem)
D C
45°
O D
B

OP = 1 m
∴ PC = 1 m ⇒ OC = 2 m
∴ AC = OC − OA = ( 2 − 1) m
A M N B and AC + CP = ( 2 − 1) + 1
AD × BD = 2 m = 1.414 m
∴ DM =
AB = 141.4 cm

Page 188 of 277

656 QUANTUM CAT
1 1 1 1 1 1 SB 3 r 3
22 AB : BC : CA = : : = : : = 6: 4: 3 ∴ = sin 60° = ⇒ SB =
CD AE BF 2 3 4 OB 2 2
C
23 ∆POQ and ∆ROS are similar
∴ PS = QR
Option a, b and d are irrelevent.
DQ 3
24 = sin 60° ⇒ DQ = BD × = 3m O S Q
BD 2
DP 1
and = sin 30° =
DF 2
∴ DP = 2 m (Q DF = 4 m) B
∴ PQ = 3 − 2 = 1 m ∴ BC = 2SB = r 3
Let AB = CQ = x m ∴ Area of quadrilateral BQCO
CD 5 1
∴ = = × BC × OQ
EF 4 2
x+3 5 r2 3
= ⇒ x = 7 m. 1
=
× r 3 × r= cm 2
x+1 4 2 2
25 Area of equilateral triangle C  r2 3
∴ Area of both the quadrilateral = 2   = r2 3 cm 2
3  2 
ABC = × (6)2 = 9 3 cm 2
4
32 Go back to the basics and apply similarity of triangle
1
Area of ∆ADE = × DE × CP ( A ) ∆ CMN 1
2 33 =
( A) ABNM 2
1 3
= × 2× × 6 = 3 3 cm 2 ( A ) ∆CMN 1
2 2 ∴ =
D P E ( A ) ∆CAB 3
∴ Area of shaded region
MN CM 1
= 9 3 − 3 3 = 6 3 cm 2 ⇒ = =
AB CA 3
26 CD = CP 2 + DP 2 = (3 3)2 + (1)2 = 2 7 cm CM 1 3+1
⇒ = = MA = (CA − CM )
and CE = CD = 2 7 and DE = 2 cm MA 3 −1 2
∴ Perimeter of ∆CDE = 2(2 7 ) + 2 34 ∠ADE = ∠AED = 80°
= 2 (2 7 + 1) cm
∴ ∠BDE = ∠CED = 100°
27 ∠ABC = 180 − (65 + 75) = 40° ∴ ∠DBC + ∠BCE = 360° − (100° + 100° ) = 160°
∠ORB = ∠OQB = 90°
35 AC = (15)2 + (20)2 = 25 cm
∴ ∠ROQ = 360 − (90 + 90 − 40)
∴ ∠ROQ = 140° CD = (25)2 − (7 )2 = 24 cm

28 ∠BAP + ∠BCP = 180° ( ABCP is a cyclic quadrilateral) 36 AB = PQ = 26 cm

∴ ∠BCP = 180 − 60° = 120° and PO = OQ = 13 cm
29 Since we don’t have the requisite information. CO = (PO )2 − (PC )2
30 Q AT = BT , CO = (13)2 − (5)2
(QTangents on the same circle from a fixed point is equal)
CO = 12 cm
AC = PC and BD = PD
∴ CD = 2CO = 24 cm
∴ AT = BT
C
⇒ AC + CT = BD + DT
PC + CT = PD + DT
P Q
Similarly, all the relations can be verified. O
31 OQ = OB = OC = r (say); ∠AOD = ∠BOC = 120°
D
∴ ∠BOQ = ∠COQ = 60°
Alternatively Solve by using the formula of tangents.

Page 189 of 277

Geometry 657

37 ∠DAM = 45° 42 OE = OF (inradius)

and DM = 8 cm BF = BD
and BD = 10 cm B
D C
D

8 10
F O
45°
A M B

∴ BM = 6 cm (BM = BD 2 − DM 2 ) A E C
AM and EC = DC = 15 cm
and = tan 45° = 1
DM Let BF = x cm
∴ AM = 8 cm then AB = (6 + x ) cm
and AB = AM + MB = 8 + 6 = 14 cm and AC = 6 + 15 = 21 cm
∴ Area of parallelogram ABCD = AB × MD ∴ (BC )2 = ( AB )2 + (BC )2
= 14 × 8 = 112 cm 2
( x + 15)2 = (6 + x )2 + (21)2 (Q BC = BD + CD )
38 ∠ACB = 50° (Q ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° )
⇒ x = 14 cm
∠CFO = ∠CEO = 90° ⇒ BD = 14 cm
∴ ∠FOE = 360° − (90° + 90° + 50° ) = 130° ∴ CD − BD = 15 − 14 = 1 cm
but ∠AOB = ∠FOE = 130° 43 (∠BPQ + ∠BQP ) + (∠EQR + ∠ERQ )
x 26k
39 35x = 26 y ⇒ = + (∠CRS + ∠CSR ) + (∠TSA + ∠ATS )
y 35k
+ (∠DTP + ∠DPT ) = 2 × 360
∴ x + y = 61k
∠A + ∠D + ∠B + ∠E + ∠C = 5 × 180° − 2 × 360° = 180°
1
x × DE × AE
Area of ∆DAE 2
44 =
Area of ∆DEC 1 × DE × CE
2
y z 2
AE ( AD )2  6 9
= = =  =
if x = 1, then z = 119° CE (DC ) 2  8  16
But x < z < y Similarly , in ∆ABC,
again consider k = 2, then Area of ∆BCF 9
=
x = 52° and y = 70° Area of ∆BFA 16
∴ z = 180° − (70° + 52° ) = 58° 16
∴ The area of shaded to unshaded region =
9
40 ∠DAB = ∠BDQ = 48°
45 ∠OCA = ∠OAC = 25°
∴ ∠DBA = 180° − (90° + 48° ) = 42° (Q ∠ADB = 90° )
and ∠OCB = ∠OBC = 35°
∠DCB = 180° − ∠DAB = 132°
∴ ∠ACB = ∠ACO + ∠BCO = 25° + 35° = 60°
∠DBA 42 7
∴ = = ∴ ∠AOB = 2∠ACB = 120°
∠DCB 132 22
41 ∠OCD = 90° ⇒ ∠OAC = ∠OCA = 30° A B
∠ACD = ∠ACO + ∠OCD = 30° + 90° = 120°
∴ ∠BAC = 180° − 120° = 60° O
⇒ ∠BCD = 60° (∠BCD = ∠BAC )
⇒ ∠OCB = ∠OCD − ∠BCD
= 90° − 60° = 30° C

Page 190 of 277

658 QUANTUM CAT
52 There are 4 triangles (smaller) are congruent.
46 ∠DOA = 110° So, out of these 4 triangles 2 triangles are taken thus the
and ∠ADB = 50° ratio of the shaded to the unshaded region is 1 : 1 (since
∴ ∠DAO = 180 − (110° + 50° ) = 20° two triangles are shaded and 2 are unshaded).
47 ∆ABC is similar to ∆EDC C
AB BC AC
∴ = =
ED DC EC 1
AB BC 24 60
∴ = ⇒ = D E
DE DC 10 DC
3
⇒ DC = 25 cm
2 4
48 AC = (24)2 + (60)2 (Q AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 )
AC = 12 29 A F B

BC AC 60 12 29
∴ = ⇒ = 53 ∆PQR is an equilateral triangle i.e., all the three angles are
DC EC 25 EC
60° each.
⇒ EC = 5 29
∴ PQ = QR = PR
∴ BE = BC − EC = 60 − 5 29
⇒ BE = 5 (12 − 29 )
CE 5 29 29
∴ = =
BE 5(12 − 29 ) (12 − 29 ) P Q

49 PTUS is a square inscribed by a square ABCD.

Let each side of the square ABCD be ‘a’, then
Area of square ABCD = a2 R

also PU = ST = a
T D
A
60 π
Now, arc PQ = 2π × (1) × =
Q 360 3
P U π
∴ Sum of all three arcs = 3 × = π
3
R 54 ∠A = 90° and ∠B = ∠C = 45°
B S C (a + a) − a 2 a(2 − 2)
Inradius = =
a2 2 2
∴ Area of square PTUS =
2 B
Area of PTUS a2 2 1
∴ = 2 =
Area of ABCD a 2
Area of PQRS 1 a a 2
∴ =
Area of ∆ ABC 2
50 Go through options. It is a pentagon. A C
a
Alternatively n
C 2 − n = n ⇒ nC 2 = 2n
n (n − 1) a 2
⇒ = 2n ⇒ n = 5 and Circumradius =
2 2
Inradius a (2 − 2) 2 2 − 2
51 Let P1, P2, P3, P4, . . . , P9 be the vertices of the regular ∴ = =
Circumradius (a 2) 2 2
nonagon then, we can select two vertices out of 9 vertices
in 9C 2 ways and 9C 2 = 36 ways and number of equilateral 2 ( 2 − 1)
=
triangles formed = 36 × 2 = 72. But the three triangles 2
{P1, P4, P7 }, {P2, P5, P8} and {P3, P6, P9} are each counted 3 ( 2 −1)
times i.e., counted as 9 triangles instead by 3 triangles. =
1
So, net number of equilateral triangles = 72 − 6 = 66.

Page 191 of 277

Geometry 659

55 Let the perpendicular be AD and circumradius be R, then Drop a perpendicular AD on BC. Then AD will act as the
1 AB × BC × AC median as well as angular bisector.
∆ABC = × BC × AD =
2 4R Let us consider AD = p, then using 30-60-90 degree
1 36 × BC × 30 theorem, we get AB = AC = 2 and BD = CD = 3.
× BC × AD = ⇒ AD = 12 cm.
2 4 × 45 Therefore, the required ratio = BC : ( AB + AC + BC )
Hence choice (a) is the correct one. = 2 3 : (4 + 2 3)
56 If you remember 30-60-90 degree theorem, it does not = 3 : (2 + 3)
require any efforts to solve this problem. Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
Hence choice (d) is the correct one. Alternatively Let’s go through the given choices.
Alternatively
Choice (a) : 3 : (2 + 3)
12 + ( 3)2 = 22. It implies that one angle is 90°.
⇒ 3 : (1 + 1 + 3), seems possible.
Choice (b) : 1 : 3 : 5 means the angles are 20, 60, 100. Choice (b) : 1 : 6 ⇒ 1 : (2. 5 + 2. 5 + 1)
Choice (c) : 2 : 3 : 4 means the angles are 40, 60, 80.
⇒ 2 : (5 + 5 + 2); NOT possible, as the largest side (2 unit)
It implies that choices (a) and (b) are not valid, as they do is smaller than the smaller side (5 unit).
not have 90 degree angle.
Choice (c) : 1 : (2 + 3) ⇒ 1 : (1 + 1 + 3), which is not
B
possible, as there are multiple inconsistencies and
contradictions, as far as the existence of a triangle is
C A concerned.
Choice (d) : 2 : 3 ⇒ 2 : (0. 5 + 0. 5 + 2)
Mind that if one angle is 90°, then the sum of the remaining
two angles will also be 90°. ⇒ 4 : (1 + 1 + 4), NOT impossible, as it does not follows the
Now since we know that the angle opposite the longest side definition of a triangle which says that sum of any two sides
is the greatest and vice-versa, so if the order of sides is of a triangle must be greater than the third side.
increasing one, the order of angles should also be the Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
increasing one. 58 Consider the following diagram consisting of triangles ABC
It implies that the order of the corresponding angles should ABC′. Now draw a perpendicular AD on BC.
be 1 < 2 < 3. A
Thus out of the remaining two choices (c) and (d), choice
(d) is the valid one.
4 2√2
Alternatively Let a = x, b = 3x, c = 2x. Then we see 2√2
30° 90°
that ( x ) + ( 3x ) = (2x ) .
2 2 2 B
C¢ D C
1
It implies that ∠C = 90°. Then, tan A = Thus using 30-60-90 degree theorem in the right angle
3 ∆ADB, we get AD = 2.
⇒ ∠A = 30°. And, by using Pythagoras theorem in right angle ∆ADC′, we
Consequently, ∠B = 60°. get DC′ = 2.
Thus, A : B : C = 1 : 2: 3
Or, if you could notice that there exists as 45-45-90 degree
Alternatively Using the Cosine rule you will get,  AD 1
relation in the ∆ADC′, as  = 
b2 + c2 − a2  AC 2
cos A =
2bc
AD bisects C ′ C , as AD is a perpendicular in the isosceles
3 triangle C ′ AC .
⇒ cos A = ⇒ A = 30°
2 So, C ′ C = 2(C ′ D ) = 4.
Similarly, B = 60° and C = 90°. Therefore the difference in the areas of ∆ABC and ∆ABC′
57 4 x + x + x = 180° ⇒ x = 30°. Therefore, the respective 1
= ACC ′ = ( AD × CC ′ )
angles are 120°, 30° and 30°. 2
A 1
= (2 × 4) = 4 sq. unit
60° 60°
2
2 2
1 Hence, choice (c) is the correct one.
30° 30°
C Hint : The 30-60-90 degree theorem states that the sides
B √3 D √3
opposite 30°, 60°, 90° angles will be in the ratio of 1 : 3 : 2.
So, AD : BD : AB = 2 : 2 3 : 4.

Page 192 of 277

660 QUANTUM CAT
59 Simply drop the perpendiculars and use the Pythagoras Hint : The perimeter of the triangle
theorem, you will find that these two triangles have the = AF + AD + DC + CE + BE + BF
same area. = 2AD + 2CD + 2BE
A
= 2( AD + CD ) + 2BE
5 5 P = 2( AC ) + 2BE = 2(2R ) + 2r
4 5 5
3 = 2r + 4R
B C Q R
3 D 3 4 S 4 62 As we know that each radius of the same circle is equal, so
Hence choice (c) is the correct one. we can find the following relations between angles.
In ∆FOD, OF = OD, so ∠OFD = ∠ODF = x (say)
60 Since AC is a hypotenuse, it means triangle ABC is a right
angle triangle and ∠B = 90°. Let I be the incentre of the In ∆EOD, OE = OD, so ∠OED = ∠ODE = y (say)
triangle, then ID, IE , and IF will be perpendiculars on the In ∆EOF , OF = OE , so ∠OFE = ∠OEF = z (say)
AC , BC and AB, respectively. A
Let the inradius be 1 unit, then
E
ID = IE = IF = BE = BF = IF = 1 F z z
x y
Therefore, BI = EF = 2, as BI and EF are the diagonals of
O
square BEIF. xy
A
B D C
Then from the diagram we have,
D
∠DFE = x + z = 76, ∠FDE = x + y
F I and ∠DEF = y + z.
But ( x + y ) + ( y + z ) + (z + x ) = 180°
B C
E ⇒ x + y + z = 90°
Now, BD = BI + ID = 2 + 1 Now, ∠DFE = 76
But, since D is the circumcentre of the triangle, so ⇒ ∠DOE = 2(∠DFE ) = 152
BD = CD = AD ∴ ∠DCE = 180 − ∠DOE = 28°
Therefore, AC = 2(BD ) = 2( 2 + 1) Similarly, ∠FED = 56
EF ⇒ ∠FOD = 2(∠FED ) = 112
Thus the required ratio =
AC ∴ ∠FBD = 180 − ∠DOE = 68°
2 1 ∠FDE = 48
= = Similarly,
2( 2 + 1) 2 + 2
⇒ ∠FOE = 2(∠FDE ) = 96
Hence choice (b) is the correct one. ∴ ∠FAE = 180 − ∠FOE = 84°.
NOTE You can assume any value or you can simply consider r, Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
as inradius. The method would remain the same.
63 Extend AC to a point P such that BP is a perpendicular on
61 If r and R denote the inradius and circumradius of a right AP, as shown in the figure.
angled triangle, the perimeter of the triangle A
(2r + 4R ) = (12 + 64) = 76 cm O
A 90°
D
120°
B C
D

F 90°
I
P
B C Since, OD and BP are parallel and O is the mid-point of
E
AB, so D will be the mid-point of AP.
If s denotes the semi-perimeter of a triangle, the area of
the triangle = r × s = 6 × 38 = 228 sq cm. Now, in the ∆PBC, ∠PCB = 60° and ∠PBC = 30°. Using
30-60-90 degree theorem in this triangle, we get
Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
BP = 6 cm, as BC = 4 3 cm.

Page 193 of 277

Geometry 661

As ∆AOD and ABP are similar triangles, so we can use the Therefore, from eqn. (i) or (ii)
mid-point theorem and then we will get X =Z
AO AD OD 1 Again, since BC = 2DE , therefore
= = =
AB AP BP 2
X = 2W = 2Y
Therefore, OD = 3 cm
Thus, W : X : Y : Z = 1 : 2 : 1 : 2
Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
Hence choice (c) is the correct answer.
Alternatively Since O is the mid-point of AB, so
Hint To understand the ratios join DE and then apply
considering O as the centre you can draw a circle. Now, if mid point theorem in ∆ADE and ∆ABC. Then, you see that
you extend AC to the circumference and then connect AP DE DO EO 1
and BP as shown in figure, then angle APB will be a right = = = . In ∆BOD and ∆BOC the altitude is
BC OC OB 2
angle. OD 1 ∆BOD 1
same, but = , therefore = .
P OC 2 ∆BOC 2
C 90° It implies X = 2W . Similarly, X = 2Y
D
120° Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
90°
Alternatively Apply Mass-Point Geometry, you get
A B
O
wt. ( A ) = wt . (B ) = 1 and wt (D ) = 2.
Similarly, wt . ( A ) = wt . (C ) = 1 and wt . (E ) = 2.
wt . (D ) CO 2
Since, = =
wt . (C ) DO 1
The rest of the solution will be similar to the above one. area (∆X ) 2
Therefore, =
area (∆W ) 1
64 A right angled triangle can have the largest possible area
only when it is an isosceles one. That is AB = BC , so area (∆X ) 2
Therefore, =
∠BAC = ∠ ACB = 45. area (∆Y ) 1
In ∆EHC, ∠EHC = 90° and ∠HCE = ∠HEC = 45°, But, we also know that are (∆W ) + area (∆X )
So, HC = EH = 14 cm = area (∆Y ) + area (∆Z ).
And, then, we have AG = FG = EH = 14 cm Therefore, (∆W ): (∆X ): (∆Y ): (∆Z ) = 1 : 2 : 1 : 2
Therefore, EF = GH = AC − ( AG + HC ) = 14 cm 66 Let the other two sides be a, then 2a + b = 20.
It implies that EFGH is a square with each side 14 cm. We know that, for any triangle, the sum of any two sides
A must be greater than the third side. That is 2a > b and
a + b > a.
G (i) When 2a > b
⇒ 20 − b > b (Q 2a = 20 − b)
F H ⇒ b < 10
(ii) When a + b > a
⇒ b>0
B E C Also, when a ≠ b
Therefore, we can have a largest possible circle of radius ⇒ 2a + b = 20
7 cm in the square EFGH. 20
⇒ b≠
And the area of this circle would be π(7 2 ) = 154 sq. cm. 3
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.  20 
Thus, b = (0, 10) −  
65 By mid-point theorem,  3
 20  20 
When CD is a median, Or b =  0,  ∪ , 10
 3  3 
W + X =Y+Z …(i)
And, when BE is a median Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
X + Y =W + Z …(ii) 67 Let ∠FCE = x, then ∠FEC = x
Subtracting the equation (ii) from (i), we get ⇒ ∠EFC = 180 − 2x
W − Y = Y −W ⇒ ∠DFE = 2x ⇒ ∠EDF = 2x
⇒ W =Y ⇒ ∠DEF = 180 − 4 x

Page 194 of 277

662 QUANTUM CAT
⇒ ∠DEB = 3x ⇒ R 2 = (4 − R )2 + 9
(Q ∠DEB + ∠DEF + ∠FEC = 180°) 25
⇒ R= cm
⇒ ∠DBE = 3x 8
⇒ ∠BDE = 180° − 6 x Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
⇒ ∠ADB = 4 x 70 Follow the construction given below. Triangle ABC is a
(Q ∠ADB + ∠BDE + ∠EDF = 180° ) right angled triangle and ACMN is a square. Point Pis the
⇒ ∠DAB = 4 x intersection of diagonals of the square.
⇒ ∠ABD = x In the right angle ∆APC, AP = CP , so the

(Q ∠ABD + ∠DBE = 4 x, as ∠ABC = ∠BAC ) ∠ACP = ∠CAP = 45°.

N
A
4x°
D
4x° A
P
2x°
F M
180–6x° 2x°
x° 180–4x°
180–2x°
3x° B C
3x° x° x°
C
B E
Now, you can see that ∠ABC = 90° A
∴ 4 x + 4 x + x = 180° and ∠APC = 90°. It implies that AC is
P
⇒ x = 20° the diameter of the circle such that
⇒ ∠DBE = 60° and ∠DEB = 60° ∠ABC and ∠APC are the angles of the D
semicircles, as shown below.
It implies that ∆BDE is an equilateral triangle. Therefore
Now, using the concept of ‘‘angles in B C
BE = 6 cm . Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
the same segment of a circle are
68 Let TR be the tree. F is the initial R equal’’ we can attain the following results.
position of fox, S be the initial position ∠ABP = ∠ACP = 45°
of squirrel and R be the final position of
and ∠CBP = ∠CAP = 45°.
squirrel.
Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
Let TF = x, then from 30-60-90 degree
theorem, S 71 Extend the sides BA and CD so as to meet at P. Now it will
x 60°
form an equilateral triangle BPC.
ST = and RT = x 3. Therefore, BP = PC = BC = 6 3 m.
3 30°
T F
P
Therefore, RS = RT − ST
x 2x
= x 3− = D
3 3
A
2x
For the distance squirrel takes 2 minutes.
3
2x 2 B C
Therefore, for the distance fox will take minutes.
3 3 Further the triangle APD is a right angle triangle, where
And thus for the distance x fox will take 1 minute. ∠ADP = 90°, ∠APD = 60°, ∠PAD = 30°. So using 30-60-90
Hence choice (a) is the correct one. degree theorem in ∆APD, we have PD = 3 and AP = 6.
69 Drop a perpendicular bisector CD C Therefore, CD = PC − PD = 6 3 − 3
from the vertex C on the base AB. = 3(2 3 − 1) cm
Now consider a point O on CD such Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
O
that CO = AO = R , where R is the 72 Since, AB is parallel to CD, therefore ∠CDO = ∠ABO and
circumradius of the triangle ABC.
∠DCO = ∠BAO.
Now CD 2 = AC 2 − AD 2 = 25 − 9 = 16 A B
D Also, ∠DOC = ∠AOB. Therefore, ∆AOB ~ ∆COD.
⇒ CD = 4 cm.
D C
Again, in ∆AOD, AO 2 = OD 2 + AD 2 = (CD − CO )2 + AD 2
O
= (4 − CO )2 + 9
A B

Page 195 of 277

Geometry 663

However, we cannot say that ∆DOA is similar to ∆COB Area ∆DOE 40  2

2
74 = = 
unless we have some necessary and exact information to Area ∆AOB 250  5
prove the similarity. The area of ∆DOA will be same as
DE 2 height of ∆DOE
the area of ∆COB , when the trapezium ABCD is a regular ⇒ = =
AB 5 height of ∆AOB
trapezium. That is when AD = BC .
height of ∆ADB 2 + 5 7
D C ⇒ = =
height of ∆AOB 5 5
O But since the base of ∆ADB = base of ∆AOB, therefore,
1
A B (b × 7 h)
area of ∆ADB 2 7 350
= = =
Now, Area ∆DOA = Area ∆DAB − Area ∆AOB. area of ∆AOB 1 (b × 5h) 5 250
Similarly, Area ∆COB = Area ∆CBA − Area ∆AOB. 2
But, since the base and height of ∆DAB and ∆CBA are Thus the area of ∆AOD = 350 − 250 = 100 cm 2
same, area of ∆DAB is same as the area of ∆CBA. Thus Now, since the base of both the triangles ∆ACB and ∆ADB
Area ∆DOA = Area ∆COB. are same, but the height of ∆ACB is twice the heigh of
Now, we know that irrespective of the shape of the ∆ADB, therefore the area of ∆ACB = 2 (area of
trapezium, ∆AOB is always similar to ∆COD. But, it is not ∆ADB) = 700 cm 2.
necessary that the area of ∆AOB is always same as that
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
area of ∆COD. The area of ∆AOB will be same as the area
of ∆COD, only when the trapezium ABCD is a Alternatively Area of region β = α ⋅ γ
parallelogram. That is when AB = CD and AD = BC . = 40 × 250 = 100 cm 2
Therefore choice (c) is correct.
And, area of ∆ADB = 100 + 250 = 350
73 If you drop the perpendiculars on AB from point D and Therefore area of ∆ACB = 2(350) = 700 cm 2
point E, they will be of equal length, as DE is parallel to AB.
Now, in both the triangles base AB is common. Therefore, 75 β = δ = α × γ = 4 × 9 = 6 cm 2
we can say that the area of ∆ADB and area of ∆AEB is same. ∴ α + β + γ + δ = 4 + 6 + 9 + 6 = 25 cm 2
Further, since ∆AOB is common in both the triangles ∆ADB
(β + δ ) 12
and ∆AEB, so it is clear that area of ∆DOA is same as area of Thus, =
(α + β + γ + δ ) 25
∆EOB. Since, DE is parallel to AB and
CD CE DE 1 Hence, choice (b) is correct one.
= = =
AC BC AB 2 Alternatively (α + β + γ + δ ) = α + γ = 4 + 9 = 5
Further, due to AAA property of similarity, we know that
∴ α + β + γ + δ = (5)2 = 25 cm2
∆EOD ~ ∆AOB. But,
(β + δ ) 25 − (4 + 9) 12
Since
DE DO EO 1
= = = , Thus = =
AB OB OA 2 (α + β + γ + δ ) 25 25
2
area ∆DOE  1 1 76 Extend DC till a point R.
Therefore =  = .
area ∆AOB  2 4 Now, ∠ACR = ∠APQ = ∠ABD
That is area of ∆AOB = 4(area of ∆DOE ). A P B
Now, (height of ∆DOE )
1 1
= (height of ∆AOB) = (height of ∆ADB or
2 3 R C Q D
∆AEB)
And, height of ∆CDE Therefore, PQ || BD
= height of ∆ADB = 3(height of ∆DOE ) But, given that AB || CD
And, base of ∆CDE = base of ∆DOE Thus it is proven that PBDQ is definitely a parallelogram.
1 Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
(3h × b)
Area ∆CDE 2 3
Then, we have = = 77 Let’s connect the mid-points P and M then the line PM will
Area ∆DOE 1
(h × b) 1 pass through the centre O of the circle, as the trapezium is
2
symmetric. In fact, PM will act as a diameter of the circle
∴ Area ∆CDE = 3(Area ∆DOE ) and it will be perpendicular to the parallel sides AB and CD.
Hence choice (d) is the correct one. Now, drop another perpendicular BN from B.

Page 196 of 277

664 QUANTUM CAT
Let PB = 16 x, then BR = 16 x, as PB and BR are the two = y 2 − 282
tangents from the same point. = (104 − x )2 − 282 …(ii)
And MN = 16 x, as PM and BN are parallel.
From the eqs. (i) and (ii), we have x = 51 and y = 53
As PB = 16 x, then MC = 49 x. It implies that RC = 49 x as
∴ AP = PC = 45 cm
MC and RC are two tangents from the same point.
⇒ AC = 90 cm
Therefore, NC = MC − MN = 49 x − 16 x = 33x
D
And BC = BR + RC = 16 x + 49 x = 65 x
x x
A P B
R A C
P
O

y y
D C
M N
Now, by using Pythagoras theorem in ∆BNC, we have,
B
BN = BC 2 − NC 2 = (65x )2 − (33x )2 = 56 x 1
Area of kite = × AC × DB
∴ BN = PM = 56 x 2

Now, the area of trapezium ABCD =

1
× ( AB + CD ) × PM = 90 × 52 = 2340 sq. cm
2 208
And semi-perimeter of kite = = 104 cm
1 2
⇒ 3640 = × [ 2(PB ) + 2(MC )] × PM
2 As you know that a kite is always a tangential
1 quadrilateral that is each the four sides touch the circle
⇒ 3640 = × (32x + 98 x ) × 56 x
2 inscribed in it.
⇒ 3640 = 3640 x ⇒ x = 1 Now, you know that in a kite (or a tangential
Thus the radius = OP = OM = 28 cm quadrilateral) the inradius
And, therefore the area of circle = π × 282 = 2464 sq. cm area of kite 2340
r= = = 22. 5
semiperimeter of kite 104
Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
Therefore area of circle = π(22. 5)2
78 Since, opposite sides are equal, it means it is a
parallelogram. = 1591. 07 ≈ 1591 sq cm
Since, it’s parallelogram, opposite angles are equal. And Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
since it is a cyclic, so opposite angles are supplementary. 80 In the right triangle APB, AP = 45, BP = 28 and AB = 53.
Therefore, a parallelogram inscribed in a circle is a
Then the inradius of the incircle inscribed in the ∆APB is
rectangle.
r1 = 10 cm
Now, the area of a rectangle can be greatest only when
But, r1 = r2 = 10 cm
all the four sides of the rectangle are same. Thus each
side of the square = 5 cm. Similarly, r3 = r4 = 9 cm
Therefore required area = 25 sq. cm D

Hence choice (b) is the correct one.

Solutions (for Q. Nos. 79 and 80)
A P C
DP 6
79 Since, = , therefore, DP = 24 cm and BP = 28 cm.
BP 7 K r4 r3 L
Let AD = CD = x and AB = BC = y
Q 2( x + y ) = 208 cm
r1 r2
∴ x + y = 104 cm
⇒ y = (104 − x ) cm N Q S M
Now, AP 2 = AD 2 − DP 2
B
= x 2 − 242 …(i)
Now, NM = r1 + r2 = 20 cm
Similarly, AP 2 = AB 2 − BP 2
and KL = r3 + r4 = 18 cm

Page 197 of 277

Geometry 665

Let us drop the perpendiculars KQ and LS on NM from K ⇒ x2 − x − 1 = 0

and L, respectively. 1+ 5
Then we have, QS = 18 cm, ⇒ x=
2
and NQ = SM = 1 cm B
But, KQ = LS = (r1 + r4 ) = (r3 + r4 ) = 19 cm
Let us consider right triangle KQN, we have 36° 36°
KN 2 = NQ 2 + KQ 2 = 1 + 361 = 362
⇒ KN = 362 = LM 108° D
108°
36° 72° 72° 36°
Therefore, perimeter of the quadrilateral
A 36° 36° C
KLMN = KL + LM + MN + KN 72° 72°
= 18 + 362 + 20 + 362 P
= 38 + 2 362 BP 1 + 5
⇒ =
= 2(19 + 362) cm AP 2
Hence choice (b) is the correct one. AB 1 + 5
⇒ =
81 First of all draw a diagonal, say BD. Since BC = CD, it gives AD 2
us ∠CDB = ∠CBD = 36° and ∠ADB = 72° and ∠ABD = 36°. Q AD = CD = 1
D C 1+ 5
36° 108°
∴ AB = BC =
72° 2
 1 + 5
∴ AB + BC + CD + AD = 2   + 2(1)
 2 
36°
= 3+ 5
72° 36°
A B Thus the perimeter of the dart is 3 + 5 cm.
5+1 Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
Now, in ∆ABD, since AD = 1, so AB = BD =
2 83 Since the dart is a sort of a kite, though it’s a conclave kite
Hence choice (d) is the correct one. with a conclave (or reflex) angle, so it’s also symmetric
82 Let ABCD be the dart with the given specifications (angles about the diagonal DB. That’s why DB acts as an angle
and sides). Extend BD to P such that when you connect PA bisector. Thus we can determine every angle of the dart
and PC a kite ADCP gets formed with each of its smaller ABC as shown in the diagram.
1
angles equal to 36° and each of its larger angles equal to ∠ADB = ∠CDB = (216° ) = 108°
144°. 2
1
Now, you can see that both the triangles ABP and PBC And ∠ABD = ∠CBD = (72° ) = 36°
are two isosceles and congruent triangles. Let us consider 2
∆ABP in which BA = BP and AP = AD = BD. ∴ ∠BAD = 180 − (108 + 36) = 36°
As the two triangles ∆PAD and ∆ABP are similar ones, Similarly, ∠BCD = 36°
BP AP It shows that ∆ABD and ∆BCD are isosceles triangles.
=
AP DP Then, AD = BD = CD = 1 cm
BP BD R B
⇒ = B 108°′ 36°
BD DP
36°
BP BD
36°
36°

⇒ =
BD BP − BD O

BD
BP 108° 108°
⇒ = BD 36°
36° D 36°
BD BP − BD 36° 108°
BD BD A C A D
BP 1 Now cut the dart along the symmetric line BD, and then
⇒ =
BD BP − 1 join the two congruent triangles as shown in the second
BD diagram. What I have done is that keeping the ∆ADB as it
1 is I have rotated the ∆BDC about the vertex B, and then I
⇒ x=
x −1 have attached it with the ∆ADB. Now the vertices C and

Page 198 of 277

666 QUANTUM CAT
A coincide, and the vertex D of ∆BDC has become the 85 Since ∠ADC : ∠BCD = 1 : 2 and ∠ADC + ∠BCD = 180°.
vertex R. Thus we get a rhombus of side 1 cm and its Therefore ∠ADC = 60° and ∠BCD = 120°.
1+ 5
longer diagonal is . But as you know that AC and DB are the angle bisectors,
2 so ∆DAC and ∆ABC are equilateral triangles.
As we know that the diagonals of a rhombus Let us consider AB = BC = CD = DA = AC = 6, then
perpendicularly bisect each other, so we can determine DO = OB = 3 3, as DO and OB are the altitudes of
the shorter diagonal by using Pythagoras theorem, as equilateral triangles ∆DAC and ∆ABC. Therefore,
discussed below. 6 3
RO 2 = AR 2 − AO 2 BD = 6 3 and EF = = 2 3.
3
2
 1 + 5 5− 5 Further, as you know that the diagonals of a rhombus
RO 2 = 12 −   =
 4  8 always bisect each other perpendicularly, so the
quadrilateral formed by the points A, F , C , E is either a
5− 5
⇒ RO = parallelogram or a kite or an isosceles triangle. But in all
8 such cases the area of the figure drawn using the four
5− 5 5− 5 points
⇒ RD = 2 = 1 1
8 2 A, F , C , E = × AC × EF = × 6 × 2 3 = 6 3
Therefore, area of rhombus 2 2
3
1 1+ 5 5− 5 5+ 5 And the area of quadrilateral ABCD = 2 × × 62 = 18 3
= × × = 4
2 2 2 2 2
A A
Hence choice (c) is the correct one. B B
F F
O O
Alternatively The area of dart will be less than E E
1 sq cm, as the second figure suggests that it is a rhombus
with each side 1 cm. Had it been a square with each side D C D C
1 cm, the area of the second figure would have been
maximum which is actually 1 sq. cm. Now, calculating A
B
F
the approximate value of all the choices, we see that only O
choice (c) is the valid one, as all other values are greater E
than 1.
D C
84 You know that by joining the mid-points of any
quadrilateral a parallelogram is formed. And you also know Therefore the require ratio of area = 6 3 : 18 3 = 1 : 3
that the diagonals divide the parallelogram into four equal Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
areas. That is area of ∆ POQ = ∆ SOP = ∆ORQ 86 Let CD = 2a, so AB = 8a
= ∆SRO = k (say)
Thus, AB + CD = 10a = 70
Let area of quadrilaterals ~ ASOP, ~ POQB, ~ ORCQ,
⇒ a = 7 cm
~ SDRO be 4 x : 5x : 7 x : 6 x, then we have,
⇒ AB = 56 cm and CD = 14 cm.
∆ASP 4 x − k 2
= = ⇒ k = 2x Now, we have DG = CG = 7 cm. But, since DG and DP are
∆RCQ 7 x − k 5
two tangents from the same point on the same circle, so
C
R they must be equal.
D
∴ DG = DP = 7 cm. Similarly, CG = CQ = 7 cm.
S Q D G C
O

A P Q
P B
Area (~ PQRS ) 2x + x + 2x + 2x 4
∴ = =
Area (~ ABCD ) 4 x + 5x + 6 x + 7 x 11
Hence choice (c) is the correct one. A E H F B

NOTE As in any parallelogram the diagonals bisect each other, so Further, EH = DG = 7 cm and HF = CG = 7 cm. Now,
they will act as medians and thus the parallelogram is divided into AH = BH = 28 cm.
four triangles of equal areas.

Page 199 of 277

Geometry 667

But AP = AH = 28 cm, as both are the tangents drawn OC 2 = SC 2 + OS 2 = BR 2 + PD 2 …(iv)

from the same point on the same circle. A P D
Now, BQ = BH = 28 cm.
Thus we have, AE = AH − EH = 21 cm O
and DA = DP + AP = 7 + 28 = 35 cm. R S
Now, using Pythagoras theorem in triangle ADE, we have
DE = (DA )2 − ( AE )2 = 28 cm
Therefore circumference of the inscribed circle B Q C
 22
= 2πr = 2r(π ) = 28  = 88 cm. Adding eqs. (i) and (iv), we get
7
OA 2 + OC 2 = AP 2 + OP 2 + BR 2 + PD 2 …(v)
Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
Adding eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
87 First of all we must understand that the square window will
be at the centre of the rectangular wall, otherwise the OD 2 + OB 2 = PD 2 + OP 2 + BR 2 + AP 2 …(vi)
diagonals of window and diagonals of wall won’t intersect From eqs. (v) and (vi), we get
at the same point. Now, look at the figure or draw a proper OA 2 + OC 2 = OD 2 + OB 2
diagram and you see that since the length of the wall is
32 + OC 2 = 52 + 42
greater than its height, so the diagonal will have an acute
angle with the base of the wall. Therefore the diagonals of ⇒ OC = 4 2
the wall will intersect the vertical sides of the window. Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
90 ∠APQ = ∠ACB = 60° = 180° − (∠BAC + ∠ABC )
∴ ∠AQP = 70° = 180 − (∠PAQ + ∠APQ )
A
Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
1 Q
88 Let AB = 2x and CD = 2y, then PQ = ( AB + CD ) = x + y.
2 P R
1
× h × (2x + x + y )
Area of trapezium ABQP 2
=
Area of trapezium PQCD 1 × h × (2y + x + y ) B C
2
3x + y 1 x 1 Now, you can see that ∠BPQ = 120° and ∠PQC = 110°.
= = ⇒ =
x + 3y 2 y 5 Thus you have, ∠BPQ + BCQ = 180°

A B and ∠PBC + ∠PQC = 180°.

It implies that the quadrilateral PQCB is a cyclic one.
Therefore, ∠PBQ = ∠QCP = ∠ACB − ∠PCB
P Q = 60° − 40° = 20°
Hence Choice (c) is the correct one.

C
Hint ∠PCB = 180° − (∠PBC + ∠BPC ).
D
And ∠PBC = ∠BPC, as BC = PC
Since ABCD is a circumscribing trapezium,
So, AB + CD = BC + DA 91 Statement (i) is incorrect. In the following diagram, you
see that the kite diagram is symmetrical about only one axis
⇒ AB + CD = 24 cm
KM.
⇒ AB = 2x = 4 cm,
Statement (ii) is correct. Whenever the length of both the
BC = 2y = 20 cm diagonals of a kite becomes equal, the kite becomes a
Hence choice (a) is the correct one. square. Whenever all the angles of an isosceles trapezium
89 Given that OA = 3, OB = 4, OD = 5, then become equal, the trapezium becomes a square.
OA 2 = AP 2 + OP 2 …(i) Statement (iii) is correct, as the diagonals of a kite bisect
each other at 90°.
OD 2 = PD 2 + OP 2 …(ii)
Statement (iv) is correct. The are numerous possibilities.
OB = BR + OR = BR + AP
2 2 2 2 2
…(iii)

Page 200 of 277

668 QUANTUM CAT
Statement (v) is correct. 94 Area of ~ ABCD = ∆ABD + ∆CBD
Statement (vi) is correct. A circumscribing quadrilateral = 2(∆AFD ) + 2(∆CBE )
has each of its sides tangent to a circle. Therefore,
= 2(9) + 2(18) = 54 cm 2
AB + CD = AD + BC .
Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
K
g C
95 First of all draw two lines MP and CQ parallel to DA and join
D h g the centre of circle O with N.
J L
h D M C

N
e f
O
A e B
f
M
A P Q
Hence choice (d) is the correct one. B

92 Statement (i) is correct. OP = OM = ON = 4 cm

Statement (ii) is incorrect. When the cyclic quadrilateral (Radii of same circle)
is a kite whose main axis is the diameter of the circle, the MP = CQ = DA = 8 cm.
two diagonals of the kite intersect each other Since, CM and CN are tangents from the same point on
perpendicularly, however, it is not necessary that the the same circle, so CM = CN .
perpendicular line drawn through the point of
But, CM = DC − DM = 5 − 4 = 1 cm,
intersection bisects the side of the cyclic quadrilateral. It
is true only when the cyclic quadrilateral is a square. therefore, PQ = CM = CN = 1 cm.
Statement (iii) is correct. Now, since BP and BN are tangents from the same point
on the same circle, so BP = BN .
AC × BD = ( AD × BC ) + ( AB × CD )
Let us consider BP = BN = x, we have
A
D BQ 2 + CQ 2 = BC 2
⇒ ( x − 1)2 + 82 = ( x + 1)2 ⇒ x = 16
P
Thus the perimeter of the trapezium
ABCD = AB + BC + CD + DA
C = 20 + 17 + 5 + 8 = 50 cm
B
Since the unit of perimeter should be cm not the cm 2. So
Hence choice (c) is the correct one. choice (b) is incorrect.
93 Statement (i) is correct. Hence Choice (d) is the correct one.
AC = 2PQ = 2SR and BD = 2PS = 2QR 96 We know that if the diagonals of a quadrilateral intersect
Statement (ii) is correct. each other, the product of areas of opposite triangles thus
Area of ∆RCQ + Area of ∆SAP = Area of ∆SDR + Area of formed is equal.
∆PBQ D
1 1 1
⇒ (Area of ∆DCB) + (Area of ∆DAB) = C
4 4 4
O
1 θ
(Area of ∆ADC ) + (Area of ∆ABC )
4
1 1
⇒ (∆DCB + ∆DAB ) = (∆ADC + ∆ABC ) A B
4 4
1 1 1
⇒ (~ ABCD ) = (~ ABCD ) Area of ∆AOD = ( AO )(OD )sin θ
4 4 2
Statement (iii) is correct. 1
Area of ∆COD = (CO )(OD )sin θ
1 2
Area of X 1 + X 2 + X 3 + X 4 = ( ABCD )
2 1
Area of ∆BOC = (BO )(OC )sin θ
1 2
⇒ ~ PQRS = (~ ABCD )
2 1
Area of ∆AOB = ( AO )(OB )sin θ
Hence choice (c) is the correct one. 2

Page 201 of 277

Geometry 669

1 1
∴ ( AO )(OD )sin θ × (BO )(OC )sin θ It shows that ∠AED = ∠AFD.
2 2 E
1 1
= (CO )(OD )sin θ × ( AO )(OB )sin θ 108°
2 2
⇒ area of ∆AOD × Area of ∆BOC
= Area of ∆COD × Area of ∆AOB A 72° 72° D
⇒ 32 × 18 = x × y 36° 36°
We know that x + y will be minimum when x = y
F
Therefore, 32 × 18 = x × x = x 2 72° 72°
⇒ x = 24 72°
108°
72°
36° 36°
Thus the minimum area of quadrilateral
B C
ABCD = 32 + 24 + 18 + 24 = 98 cm 2
Thus you can see that AB = AF = AE = ED = DC = DF .
Hence Choice (c) is the correct one. That is all the four sides of quadrilateral AEDF are equal.
97 Extend the line segment BC on both the sides and drop the So either it is a square or a rhombus; but since the
perpendiculars AP and DQ on the extended line PQ. The internal angles are not equal to 90°, so it would certainly
triangles ABP and DCQ are congruent, as AB = DC , and all be a rhombus. Further you know that every rhombus is a
the three angles in both the triangles, ABP and DCQ, are kite, so AEDF is a kite.
same. Therefore, AP = DQ . That is the distance between Now since the opposite angles of the rhombus AEDF are
AD and PQ is constant. It shows that the line segments AD not the supplementary angles, so AEDF is not a cyclic
and PQ are parallel. Thus the quadrilateral ABCD is a quadrilateral.
trapezium.
However, since the sum of opposite sides is equal, that is
E
ED + AF = AE + DF , so the rhombus AEDF is a tangential
108° quadrilateral.
A
A
36° 36°
D 72° 72° D Hence choice (d) is the best answer.
72° 72°
99 In ∆ACB, ∠ABC = 108° and AB = BC ,
∴ ∠BAC = ∠BCA = 36°
108° 108° 72° 108° 108° 72° Similarly, in ∆DCB, ∠DCB = 108°
B C P B C Q and CD = CB,
Now, you can see that in the quadrilateral ABCD ∴ ∠CDB = ∠CBD = 36°
opposite angles are supplementary. Thus in any D
quadrilaterals if the opposite angles are supplementary,
the quadrilateral is a cyclic one. Therefore ABCD is a 36°
cyclic quadrilateral.
Now, it is obvious that AB = BC = CD, but AD > BC so E 72° C
AD + BC > AB + CD. It proves that the sum of opposite 72° 36°
sides is not equal, so it is not a tangential quadrilateral. 108°
P
Hence choice (c) is the correct one. 72°
36°
98 In a regular pentagon each interior angle is 108°. Now in
∆ABC, since AB = BC and ∠ABC = 108°, so 36° 72°
∠CAB = ∠ACB = 36°. A B

Similarly, in ∆DCB, we have ∠BDC = ∠DBC = 36°. Now in ∆PBC , ∠PBC = ∠PCB = 36°,
Therefore, ∠EAF = ∠EAC = ∠EAB − ∠CAB So ∠BPC = 108°.
= 108° − 36° = 72° Therefore, ∠APB = ∠DPC = (180 − 108) = 72°
Similarly, ∠EDF = ∠EDB = 72°. Thus, in ∆ABP, two angles are equal, so the two sides will
So, in the quadrilateral AEDF, we have ∠EAF = ∠EDF. also be equal. That is AP = AB = 2 cm.
As we know that the sum of all the four interior angles of Similarly, in ∆DCP, two angles are equal, so the two sides
a quadrilateral is always 360°, so in the quadrilateral will also be equal.
AEDF we have ∠AFD = 360° − (108° + 72° + 72° ) = 108°

Page 202 of 277

670 QUANTUM CAT
That is DP = DC = 2 cm. A
Therefore, the required perimeter of the quadrilateral
APDE = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8 cm. 36° 36°
36°
Hence choice (d) is the correct one. 36° 108° 72° 72° 108° 36°
B E
100 In ∆ACB, ∠ABC = 108° and AB = BC 72° 72° F G 72° 72°

∴ ∠BAC = ∠BCA = 36°

Similarly, in ∆DCB, ∠DCB = 108°
36° 36°
and CD = CB,
∴ ∠CDB = ∠CBD = 36° 72° 72°
D C D

So, ∠FAG = 36°

36°
Therefore, ∆BCF ~ ∆FAG.
Now, in ∆AFB, ∠BAF = 36°
E 72° C
and ∠ABF = 36°,
72° 36°
108° ∴ ∠AFB = 108°
P
72° and in ∆BAE,
36°
∠BAE = 108° and ∠ABE = ∠AEB = 36°.
36° 72° Also in ∆ABC, ∠ABC = 108°
A B
and ∠BCA = ∠BAC = 36°
Now, in ∆BPC, ∠PBC = ∠PCB = 36°, Thus, ∆AFB ~ ∆BAE ~ ∆ABC
∴ ∠BPC = 180 − (36 + 36) = 108° Now, since ∆BCF ~ ∆FAG
As it is obvious that ∆ABC and ∆BPC are similar triangles, and AF = BF and BC = 1
so BC AF
AB PC ∴ =
= BF FG
AC BC BC BF
2 PC ⇒ =
⇒ = BF FG
AP + PC 2 1 BF
⇒ = = BF 2 = FG.
2 PC BF FG
⇒ =
2 + PC 2 Once again, since ∆BCF ~ ∆FAG
− 2 ± 20 ∆ BCF BF 2 FG 1
⇒ PC = = −1 ± 5 ∴ = = =
2 ∆ FAG FG 2
FG 2
FG
⇒ PC = − 1 + 5. Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
(Since, length cannot be a negative 102 Consider the following diagram
value, so PC ≠ − 1 − 5)
Hence choice (a) is the correct one. A

101 It is known that the each interior angle of a regular 108°

1 1
pentagon is 108°,
so, ∠BAE = ∠AED = ∠EDC = ∠DCB = ∠CBA = 108°. 36° y 36°
B E
36° 36°
Since ∠ABE = ∠AEB = 36°,
36° 36°
1 1
therefore ∠EBC = ∠BED = 108° − 36° = 72°
As the interior angles on the same side of a transversal 1 F 1
72° 72°
are supplementary, that is ∠EBC + ∠BCD = 180°, so the x x
line segments BE and CD are parallel. 72° 72°
36° 36°
Similarly, AC || ED and AD || BC . C 1 D
∠BCA = ∠BAC = 36°
Now, triangles BFE and CDF are similar triangles,
and ∠FBC = 72°, so ∠BFC = 72°. x 1
therefore =
∴ ∠AFG = 72° and ∠AGF = 72°, 1 y

Page 203 of 277

Geometry 671

But BE = BD = CE = y = x + 1, therefore 1+ 5 1− 5
⇒ x= or
x 1 x 1 2 2
= ⇒ = ⇒ x( x + 1) = 1
1 y 1 x+1 1− 5
Since, is a negative value, which is inadmissible.
⇒ x + x −1 = 0
2 2
b 1+ 5
−1 + 5 −1 − 5 Therefore, x = =
⇒ x= and x a 2
2 2
1+ 5
One of these lengths is negative, so it has to be discarded. But, since a = 1, therefore b =
2
−1 + 5
And the positive value of x = 103 First of all extend the sides DC and AB in order to meet at Q.
2
Now, the angle BQC = 36°.
1+ 5
∴ y= x+1= Since ∆BQC is an isosceles triangle so the perpendicular
2
QP drawn from Q on the side BC will bisect the BC, and it
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
will be the angular bisector of angle BQC, as well.
Hint For a standard quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0,
Similarly, the perpendiculars drawn from the incentre O
−b ± b2 − 4ac of the regular pentagon ABCDE will bisect the opposite
the two solutions of x are
2a sides as OR bisects AB at R and OP bisects BC at P.
Alternatively Choice (a) is wrong as the diagonal Now as given that BC = 2 cm, therefore, using 36-72-72
must be less than 2 cm. degree theorem in ∆BQC, we have BQ = CQ = (1 + 5) cm.
Choice (b) is wrong, as the diagonal must be greater than Now, in right angled triangle BPQ,
1 cm.
PQ = BQ 2 − BP 2 = (1 + 5)2 − 12 = 5 + 2 5
Choice (d) is absurd, as data is quite sufficient to
determine the diagonal. D

Hence choice (c) is the correct one.

Alternatively Let us consider that each side of the
E C
pentagon is a and each diagonal of the pentagon is b.
Now, using Ptolemy’s theorem in cyclic quadrilateral
BCDE, we have
BC × DE + BE × CD = BD × CE
⇒ a2 + ab = b2 A B

⇒ b2 − a2 = ab D

b2 a2 ab
⇒ − = C
ab ab ab E 108°
O
b a P 72°
⇒ − =1 72°
a b 90° 90° 18°
A 108°′ 72° 18°
Q
A R B
But since ∆BPQ is similar to ∆ORQ, therefore
BQ OQ BQ OP + PQ
b = ⇒ =
B E BP OR BP OR
1+ 5 a+ 5+ 2 5
b b ⇒ =
1 a
a a
5+ 2 5 5+ 2 5
⇒ a= =
5 5
C a D Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
1 Hint Using the 72-72-36 degree theorem in ∆BQC, we
⇒ x− =1
x have BQ = CQ = 1 + 5 cm since BC = 2 cm.
⇒ x2 −1 = x Alternatively Use trigonometric ratios.

⇒ x2 − x − 1 = 0

Page 204 of 277

672 QUANTUM CAT
104 Since radius of circle is 1 unit. So each side of the hexagon But W = X + 2Y + Z = 4 + 2(2) + 1 = 9
is 1 unit. Therefore, W : X : Y : Z = 9 : 4 : 2 : 1
Therefore, A0 A3 = A1 A4 = A2 A5 = 2 units. Hence, Choice (d) is the answer.
A0 A2 A3 is a right angle triangle as it is a triangle in the Alternatively Since W = X + 2Y + Z , therefore
semi-circle. Since A2 A3 = 1, A0 A3 = 2, so A0 A2 = 3. choice (a) is wrong.
A4 A3
As FC = 2ED, ⇒ X : Z = 4 : 1, therefore choice (b) and (c)
are wrong.
Hence choice (d) is correct.
A5 A2 Alternatively As area of ∆FEO = ∆EOD = ∆OCD and
O area of ∆FDE = ∆FDO .
It implies that area of ∆FCD = 2(∆FED )
⇒ X + Y = 2(Y + Z ).
A0 A1 A B
Now, since A0 A4 = A0 A2 = 3.
Therefore, A0 A1 × A0 A2 × A0 A4 = 1 × 3 × 3 = 3.
Hence choice (c) is the answer. O
F C
Alternatively This problem can be solved using
30-60-90 theorem as well.
Alternatively Problem can be solved by using the
following concept too.
E D
Area of parallelogram A0 A1 A2O
= Area of ∆A0 A1O + Area of ∆A1 A2O Therefore choice (b) and (c) are wrong.
1  3  Further, W = X + 2Y + Z, therefore choice (a) is also
( A0 A2 × OA1 ) = 2  × 12 wrong.
2  4 
106 It can be deduced from the problem that the area of circle
⇒ A0 A2 = 3.
and area of hexagon are same.
Therefore, A0 A1 × A0 A2 × A0 A4 = 1 × 3 × 3 = 3.
Alternatively Problem can be solved by using the
following concept too.
A A × A2 A4 × A4 A0
Area of ∆A0 A2 A4 = 0 2
4R
 3  k 3
⇒ 3×  × 12 = ⇒k= 3
 4  4
Therefore, A0 A1 × A2 A2 × A2 A4 = 3 × 3 × 1 = 3 3 3 2
Now, area of hexagon = a.
105 In ∆EDC , ∠EDC = 120° and ED = DC 2
⇒ ∠CED = ∠DCE = 30° 3 3 2
Therefore, area of circle = a.
Similarly, in ∆FED, ∠FED = 120° 2
and FE = ED ⇒ ∠DFE = ∠FDE = 30°. Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
n(n − 3)
Therefore, in ∆GED, 107 Total number of diagonals =
2
∠GED = ∠GDE = 30°
12 × 9
⇒ ∠GED = 120° and GE = GD. = = 54
2
Now, using 30-30-120 degree theorem, we get the
Number of diagonals will pass through the centre
following results. n 12
= = =6
If EG = GD = 1, ED = 3. Therefore, FD = 3ED = 3. It 2 2
shows that FD = 3GD. Therefore, the number of diagonals which do not pass
It implies that FG = 2GD. Therefore, Y : Z = 2 : 1. through the center of the circumscribing circle
Now, in ∆CFD, FG = 2GD. Therefore, X : Y = 2 : 1 = 54 − 6 = 48.
Thus, Z : Y : X = 1 : 2 : 4. Hence choice (d) is the correct one.

Page 205 of 277

Geometry 673

108 The diameter of the smaller circle But in ∆PBQ, we have ∠QPB = 30°, ∠PQB = 30° and
(2 + 2) + ( 2) = 2( 2 +
2 2
2) ∠PBQ = 120°, therefore either using cosine rule (or
30-30-120 degree theorem) we will have PQ = 3 cm.
Therefore radius of the smaller circle = 2 + 2 It means each side of the external hexagon is 3 cm.
P Q

2+√2
A C

√2
1 1
1 1

The diameter of the larger circle = diagonal of the square 3 3 2

(1)
= 2(2 + 2) = 2( 2 + 1) Area of internal hexagon 1
∴ = 4 =
Therefore radius of the larger circle = 2 + 1 Area of external hexagon 3 3 3
( 3)2
The ratio of area of smaller circle to that of larger circle 4
π( 2 + 2 )2 2+ 2 Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
= = . Alternatively : Draw three new lines passing through
π( 2 + 1) 2
3+ 2 2
the centre of the hexagon, as shown below.
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
Now, you can easily observe that there are total 18
109 In the following diagram, there are six equilateral triangles equilateral triangles as in 6 within the internal hexagon
and you can see that apothem is the perpendicular angle and 12 = (6 + 6) outside the internal hexagon. Plaese note
bisector of the equilateral triangle which forms two that, in the following diagram, each of the 6 shaded
congruent triangles of 30-60-90 degree. If the apothem of obtuse triangles is equivalent to an equilateral triangle of
the regular hexagon is a, then by using 30-60-90 degree side 1 cm.
theorem (or trigonometric ratios or Pythagoras theorem)
2
we get to know that its side will be a.
3

6 1
Therefore, the required ratio of areas = =
18 3
Hint Consider the following triangles.
Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
Alternatively If s be the length of each side and n be 60°
the number of sides, the apothem of a regular polygon is
1  π
a = × s × cot   120°
2  n
60° 60° 30° 30°
°
1  180 Fig. (i) Fig. (ii)
⇒ a = × s × cot  
2  6 
The first triangle is an equilateral triangle with each of its
1
⇒ a = × s × cot 30° sides 1 unit and fig. (ii) is an isosceles triangle with its
2 angles 30-30-120 degree and each of the two smaller
1 sides is 1 cm, then the area of both the triangles will be
⇒ a= ×s × 3
2 same.
2
⇒ s= a 111 Look closely at the following diagrams and you will find
3 that there are total 12 isosceles right angled triangles each
110 Let us assume that each side of the internal with equal area as each of these 12 triangles is congruent
hexagon be 1 cm, that is AB = BC = … = 1 cm, then (30°-60°-90°).
AP = BP = BQ = CQ = 1 cm, as ∆APB and ∆BQC are Now, out of the 12 triangles 4 triangles fall under the
equilateral triangles. shaded region and 8 triangles remain un-shaded.

Page 206 of 277

674 QUANTUM CAT
1 2 (or right angled triangle)
4
1 3
3 7 8 = ×1 × 3 = sq cm.
2 2
6 11 12 3 3
5 10 And the area of the hexagon = × (1)2
2
9
3 3
= sq cm
4 1 2
Therefore, the required ratio = = .
8 2 Therefore the area of un-shaded region
Hence choice (d) is the correct one. 3 3 3
Alternatively From the following diagrams you can
= − = 3 sq cm
2 2
easily figure it out that the region A (isosceles triangle) is  3
1
equal to of the total area of the hexagon.  
6  2 1
Thus the required ratio = =
1 3 2
Similarly, region B (trapezium) is equal to of the total
2 112 In the following diagram you can easily notice that there
area of the hexagon. are total 54 equilateral triangles of the same size. Out of 54
1 1 4 2 equilateral triangles 12 triangles are shaded and
Therefore the total un-shaded region is + = = of
6 2 6 3 42 ( = 7 × 6) triangles are un-shaded.
the total area of the hexagon.
2 1
So the shaded region = 1 − = of the total area of the
3 3
hexagon.

A A
A B
A A
B A B
Even it is also obvious that each side of these 54 triangles
is 1 cm.
A
Therefore area of the shaded region
Thus the required ratio of areas of the shaded region to 3
1 = 12 × × (1)2 = 3 3 sq cm.
4
1
un-shaded region = 3 = . Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
2 2
3 113 First of all join the opposite vertices of the hexagram, then
you see that in the following diagram, ∆OAB is a right
Alternatively Please note that the following two
angled triangle, in which ∠OBA = 30°, ∠BOA = 60°,
figures are exactly the same except the triangle in the
∠OAB = 90°.
fig. (ii) is rotated 60° anti-clockwise with relation to the
fig. (i).

A B

Fig. (i) Fig. (ii)

Also, OA is the inradius and OB is the circumradius of the
Now you can see that the area of the shaded region is hexagram.
equal to a right angle triangle. Assume that the each side Since area of the incircle is 3π sq cm, so its inradius
of the hexagon is 1 cm, so the smaller diagonal of the (OA ) = 3 cm.
hexagon (which is also the altitude of the triangle) is
Using 30-60-90 degree theorem in ∆OAB , we have
3 cm and the longer diagonal (which is also the
AB = 3 cm and OB = 2 3 cm.
hypotenuse of the triangle) is 2 cm.
That is circumradius of the hexagram is 2 3 cm.
Then the area of the shaded region
Therefore, area of the circumcircle = π (2 3)2 = 12π sq. cm.

Page 207 of 277

Geometry 675

Hence choice (a) is the correct one. D D1 C2 C

114 From the information given in the problem it can be
concluded that the area of the outer hexagon is 4 times the D2 C1
area of the inner hexagon. That is, if a0 and ai be the sides of
outer and inner hexagon, then
A1 B2
3 3
(a0 )2
Area of the outer hexagon
= 2
Area of the inner hexagon 3 3 A A2 B1 B
(ai )2
2
Therefore A1 A2 = B1B 2 = C1C 2 = D1D 2 = 2k
4 (a0 )2 a 2
⇒ = ⇒ 0 = That is each side of the octagon = 2k
1 (ai )2 ai 1
It is known that AB = BC = CD = DA = a
Perimeter of outer hexagon 6(a0 ) 2
∴ = = But Since AB = AA2 + A2B1 + B1B
Perimeter of inner hexagon 6(ai ) 1
∴ a=k + 2k + k
Hence choice (d) is the correct one. ⇒ a = k(2 + 2)
115 Connect the nearest three vertices of the hexagram which a
⇒ k=
will form an equilateral triangle, as shown in the following (2 + 2)
diagram. Thus we can determine all the angles of this
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
diagram.
Now, using 36-72-72 degree theorem we have the three
117 In triangle ABC, AB = BC
sides of the isosceles triangles as 1 + 5 mm, 1 + 5 mm ∴ ∠CAB = ∠ACB = ∠y = 22. 5°
and 2 mm. It shows that the each side of the equilateral as ∠ABC = 135°
triangle is 2 mm. Similarly, in triangle BCD, BC = CD
∴ ∠DBC = ∠BDC = ∠y = 22. 5°
36° as ∠BCD = 135°
Therefore, in triangle BPC,
∠BPC = 180° − 2y = 135°
72° 72° Thus, ∠APD = ∠BPC = x = 135°
60° 60°
72° 72°
60°
72° 72°
36° 36°

Therefore, area of the equilateral triangle

3 A D
= × 22 = 3 sq mm.
4 y y
P
Now the perpendicular of each isosceles triangle y y
B C
= (1 + 5)2 − (1)2 = 5 + 2 5
Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
Therefore, area of each isosceles triangle
118 In the following diagram PR is the shortest possible
1
= × 2× 5+ 2 5 = 5+ 2 5 diagonal of the regular octagon. Triangle PAQ is an
2 isosceles right triangle.
Thus the total area of the hexagram = 3 + 3( 5 + 2 5 ) D C
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
116 From the following diagram you can observe the
symmetricity of the structure in which each side of the
octagon is equal and each of the four triangles at the corner
P
is an isosceles right angle triangle. If the legs (or the equal d d
sides) of the right angles are k, then
A Q R B
AA1 = AA2 = BB1 = BB 2 = CC1 = CC 2 = DD1 = DD 2 = k

Page 208 of 277

676 QUANTUM CAT
Let us consider NOTE Do you remember that in a regular octagon there are
three diagonals of distinct lengths? So PS is one of the
AP = AQ = b
diagonals shorter than the longest diagonal and longer
∴ PQ = 2b than the shortest diagonal.
But since PQ = QR = 2b
Alternatively As you know that every regular octagon
a
That is a = 2b ⇒ b = has three diagonals of distinct lengths, such that
2 d1 < d2 < d3. From the following diagrams, it is obvious
∴ PR = PA 2 + AR 2 that the required diagonal d = d3
Even it is also obvious that d3 = 2(d1 )
⇒ PR = b2 + (b + 2b)2
 4 + 2 2
⇒ PR = ( 4 + 2 2 ) b =  a d3
 2  d1 d1
  d2
d d3
=( 2+ 2) a d1 d1 d1

Hence choice (a) is the correct one.

Alternatively As ∠PQR = 135°, therefore by using
cosine rule in the triangle ∆PQR, we have Therefore the required length of the diagonal is
PQ 2 + QR 2 − PR 2 d3 = 2(d1 ) = 2 × ( 2 +
cos 135° = 2 )a
2(PQ )(QR )
= ( 4 + 2 2)a
a2 + a2 − d 2
⇒ cos(90° + 45° ) =
2(a)(a) 120 If you observe closely, you will find that the inradius of the
a2 + a2 − d 2 octagon is same as half of d2 and circumradius of the
⇒ − sin 45° = octagon is same as half of d3.
2(a)(a)
1 2a2 − d 2
⇒ − = d3
2 2a2
d2
⇒ d =( 2+ 2)a
d1
119 In the following diagram PT is the longest possible
diagonal of the regular octagon . Triangle RAS is an
isosceles right triangle. 1
(d2 )
Let us consider RA = AS = b Therefore the required ratio = 2
d
= 2
∴ RS = 2b 1
(d3 ) d3
2
But since PQ = QR = RS = ST = 2b
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
That is a = 2b
a 121 Let a be the side of the regular octagon, then each of the
⇒ b=
2 shorter sides of each of the isosceles right angled triangle at
a
D P C the four corners be .
2
Therefore area of all the four such triangles
Q
1  a a
d d = 4 × ×     = a2
2  2  2
R And area of the square at the centre = a2
Thus total shaded area = 2a2
A S T B

∴ PS = DA = DQ + QR + RA = b + 2b + b
= (2 + 2)b = (1 + 2)a
∴ PT = PS 2 + ST 2 a/√2
a
= [(1 + 2)a] + a = ( 4 + 2 2 ) a
2 2
a —
√2
Hence choice (d) is the correct one.

Page 209 of 277

Geometry 677

 a a
2
(ii) 4 rectangles each having its area = a × b
Now area of each of the four rectangles = a ×   =
 2 2 (iii) 1 square at the centre having its area = a × a
2
a a
Therefore area of the unshaded region = 4 × = (2 2)a2 b
2
2a2 1 b
Thus the required ratio = 2
=
(2 2)a 2
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
122 In the following figures, you can easily observe that the
d+a Let each side of the isosceles triangle be b, then a = 2b
side of the square, b =
2 Therefore, total area of the octagon.
[(1 + 2)a] + a (2 + 2)a 1 
That is (b) = = A = 4 × bb + 4(ab) + (aa)
2 2 2 
A = 2bb + 4ab + aa
 a a  a
A = 2 ×  + 4 a ×  + aa
 2 2  2
A = a2 + 2 2a2 + a2
H G
d
P b Q A = 2(1 + 2)a2
A a B Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
Hence choice (a) is the correct one. 124 Let the perpendicular height and base of each isosceles
Hint HG is parallel to AB. Since P and Q are the triangle be a and b, respectively; and the shorter diagonal
mid-points of HA and GB, so you can use mid-point and the longer diagonal of each kite be c and d,
theorem and thus PQ will be parallel to AB and HG; and respectively.
PQ will be half of the sum of the AB and HG. 1
Therefore area of each triangle = × ab
Alternatively It is known that HA = AB = BG 2
AH a 1
And PA = = And, area of each kite = × cd
2 2 2
But since triangle PMA is an isosceles right angled
PA a/ 2 a
triangle, so PM = = =
2 2 2 2
∴ PQ = PM + MN + NQ
⇒ PQ = PM + AB + PM
(PM = MA = NB = NQ ) Now, if we assume that each side of the square is x, then
a  a1 x
⇒ PQ = + a+ = 1 + a we have a =
2 2 2 2  2 2
( 2 + 1)a (2 + 2) a 1
⇒ PQ = = But since area of each triangle is of the area of the
2 2 8
square, therefore
1 1
× ab = × x × x
2 8
1 x 1
⇒ × × b= × x × x
H G H G 2 2 8
M N
P Q P Q x
⇒ b=
A B A B 2
x
Hence choice (a) is the correct one. Also, d=
2
123 In the following diagram of a regular polygon there are :
1 1
(i) 4 isosceles right angled triangles each having its area Now, since × ab = × cd
2 2
1
= ×b×b 1 x x 1 x
2 ⇒ × × = ×c×
2 2 2 2 2

Page 210 of 277

678 QUANTUM CAT
x Therefore, ∠LAH + ∠IHA = 720 − 4(150) = 120°.
⇒ c=
2 2 But, since ∠LAH = ∠IHA, therefore, ∠IHA = 60°.
x
d 2 Consider the quadrilateral EFGH , ∠HGF = ∠GFE = 150°.
Therefore, the required ratio = = 2 = Also, we know that the sum of all the interior angles of a
c x 1
2 2 quadrilateral = (4 − 2) × 180° = 360°.
Hence choice (a) is the correct one. Therefore, ∠EHG + ∠FEH = 360°− 2(150) = 60°.
125 You can easily observe that there are 8 isosceles right But, since ∠EHG = ∠FEH, therefore, ∠EHG = 30°.
angled triangles, which are shaded. If each smaller side Now, we know that
(legs) of the isosceles right angled triangle is a, then the ∠IHA + ∠AHE + ∠EHG = ∠IHG = 150°.
hypotenuse of each triangle would be 2a and thus each
Therefore, ∠AHE = 150° − (60 + 30) = 60°
side of the octagon would also be s = 2a.
Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
The area of 8 triangles = 4 sq cm
1 128 Consider the hexagon ALKJIH, in which
⇒ 8 × × a2 = 4 sq cm ∠ALK = ∠LKJ = ∠KJI = ∠JIH = 180° − 30° = 150°. Also,
2
⇒ a = 1 cm we know that the sum of all the interior angles of a hexagon
That is each side of the octagon is s = 2a = 2 cm = (6 − 2) × 180 = 720°.
Therefore area of the octagon = 2(1 + 2)(s )2 Therefore, ∠LAH + ∠IHA = 720 − 4(150) = 120°.
= 2(1 + 2)( 2)2 = 4(1 + 2) But, since ∠LAH = ∠IHA, therefore, ∠IHA = 60°.

Thus the area of the common region = 4(1 + 2) cm 2 H

I G
Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
J F
126 All the points are lying on the circle, so the quadrilateral
ACEG is a cyclic quadrilateral. Now, ∠ACE = 120°, since K E
AC , CE , EG, … are the equal sides of a regular hexagon.
E C L D

A C
B

G A Similarly, ∠GHC = 60°.

But since
∠IHA + ∠AHC + ∠GHC = ∠IHG = 150°
Therefore, ∠AHC = 150 − (60 + 60) = 30°.
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
We know that the opposite angles of a cylic quadrilateral
are supplementary. That is ∠ACE + ∠AGE = 180°. 129 The circumradius of the dodecagon is same as the
circumradius of the triangle.
Therefore, ∠AGE = 180 − 120 = 60°.
Hence choice (d) is the correct one. The circumradius of the triangle
1
127 Consider the hexagon ALKJIH, in which = ( 3 2+ 3)= 2 + 3 cm
∠ALK = ∠LKJ = ∠KJI = ∠JIH = 180 − 30 = 150°. Also, we 3
know that the sum of all the interior angles of a hexagon Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
= (6 − 2) × 180 = 720°. 130 The circumradius of the dodecagon is same as the
J I circumradius of the square.
K H Since each side of the square is 3 + 1 cm, its diagonal
would be 2( 3 + 1) cm and so the circumradius would
L
( 3 + 1)
( )
G 1
be 2( 3 + 1) = cm.
2 2
A F Hence choice (a) is the correct one.

B 131 The area of dodecagon = 3 × circumradius = 3 sq cm.

E
C D Hence choice (a) is the correct one.

Page 211 of 277

Geometry 679

132 Consider the following figures. Thus ∆ADB is an equilateral triangle.

Now, we know that ∆AOB is an isosceles triangle as
A A OA = OB, and ∠AOB = 120° , so ∠OAB = ∠OBA = 30°
3 3 D A

4 5
B C B 4 5 C 120°
60° O

Fig. (i) A Fig. (ii) B C

Now consider the following figure, in which OA = OB = 2 cm

D F and AD = BD and AB is perpendicular to OD.
P Now using 30-60-90° theorem, we get OP = 1 cm, and
AP = BP = 3 cm.
B E C
Subsequently, DP = 3 cm and AD = BD = 2 3 cm.
Fig. (iii)
A
In figure (iii), anyone can easily infer that ∆BDP and
∆BEP are congruent ones due to the Side-Angle-Side
P
property. Consequently, it implies that BP (or BF ) is the D O
angle bisector as ∠DBP = ∠EBP.
Thus it can be generalized that all three tangents lines
B
AE , BF , CD are angle bisectors. And, so the intersection of
AE , BF and CD will be the incentre of∆ABC. It means Therefore, quadrilateral OADB is a kite and so its area is
PD, PE and PF each is the inradius of ∆ABC. Let us 1 1
( AB × OD ) = (2 3 × 4) = 4 3 sq. cm.
assume that the inradius be r, such that PD = PE = PF = r. 2 2
Now you can use the relation, Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
area of ∆ABC = inradius(r) × semi-perimeter (s ) Alternatively First of all determine the area of
∴ s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c) = r × s isosceles triangle AOB, then find the area of equilateral
triangle ABD, and then add them up.
⇒ 12 × 5 × 4 × 3 = r × 12
1 3
⇒ r= 5 Area of quadrilateral OADB = ( AB × OP ) + ( AB )2
2 4
Hence choice (a) is the answer.
To determine AB and OP use 30-60-90 degree theorem or
133 If the radius of smaller circle is exactly half of the radius of trigonometric ratios in ∆AOP or ∆BOP, where OP ⊥ AB
larger circle, YZ will be tangent to the smaller circle. and OA + OB = 2.
If the radius of smaller circle is less than half of the radius
135 The maximum possible area of quadrilateral ACBD = Area
of the larger circle, YZ will neither touch nor intersect the
of equilateral triangle ∆ABD + maximum area of ∆ABC
smaller circle.
But, the maximum possible area of ∆ACB can be obtained
If the radius of smaller circle is greater half of the radius
only when the radius CO will be perpendicular to AB. In
of larger circle, YZ will intersect the smaller circle at two
that case ∆ABC will be an equilateral triangle.
distinct points.
Therefore the maximum possible area of quadrilateral
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
ACBD
Solutions (for Q. Nos. 134 and 135)
3 3
134 Consider the following figure. = × ( AB )2 + × ( AB )2
4 4
∠ACB = ∠ABD = 60°
 3 
(Using the Alternate Segment Theorem) = 2 × ( AB )2 
 4 
∠AOB = 2(∠ACB ) = 120°
(Using the concept of Central Angle)  3 
= 2 × (2 3)2 
Now, since AD and BD are tangents, so ∠OAD = 90° and  4 
∠OBD = 90°.
= 6 3 sq. cm.
Therefore, ∠ADB = 360 − (∠OAD + ∠AOB + ∠OBD ) = 60°.
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
Now the ∠DAB = 180° − (∠ABD + ∠ADB ) = 60°

Page 212 of 277

680 QUANTUM CAT
136 Let OP and OQ be the other two in-radii on the sides AB and ⇒ 122 = (3x − 3)2 + ( x + 9)2
AC, respectively. Also, all the three in-radii will be 27 3
perpendicular to the respective sides. ⇒ x= ⇒ AR = 2x = 6
5 5
A
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
Q 138 Since ∠OAT = 90°, ∴AT = 40 cm
P
But you know that AC = CP ,
∴ CP + CT = 40 cm.
B D C Similarly, PD + DT = 40 cm
Since the two tangents drawn from the same point on the Thus the perimeter of ∆CDT = 80 cm
same circle are equal, so BD = BP = 2 and CD = CQ = 8. The area of the required in circle would be greatest when
Similarly, AP = AQ = x (say). the triangle is equilateral, which is not possible, so the
Semi-perimeter of the triangle (s ) triangle has to be isosceles. In that case, OT would bisect
1 CD and pass through the point P, consequently CP = DP
= ( AB + BC + AC ) = (10 + x ) and ∠CPO = ∠CPT = 90°.
2
And, area of the triangle A
C
= s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
= (10 + x )(8)(2)( x ) P
O T
= (10 + x )(16 x )
And, in-radius of the triangle = 6
Area of ∆ABC D
⇒ = 6 B
Semi- perimeter of ∆ABC
(10 + x )(16 x ) Since ∆OAT and ∆CPT are similar triangles,
⇒ = 6 ⇒ x = 6 cm So PT = OT − OP = 20 cm, CP = 15 cm, CT = 25
10 + x
cm.
Therefore, AB = 2 + 6 = 8 and AC = 8 + 6 = 14.
Now, the semi-perimeter of the
Thus the required ratio 4 : 7.
80
Hence, choice (a) is the correct one. ∆CDT = = 40 cm
2
137 Let AR = 2x, then 1
And area of the ∆CDT = × 30 × 20 = 300 sq cm
AB = AR + RB = 2x + 18. 2
∴ BP = x + 9, as perpendicular OP bisects the chord AB at Therefore radius of the incircle that is inscribed in
300
P. ∆CDT = = 7. 5 cm
40
But, you know that AR × RB = CR × RD
Thus the required area of the incircle = 56. 25 π sq cm.
∴ 2x × 18 = CR × 6
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
⇒ CR = 6 x
 CD  139 Let AB and CD intersect each other at P. Now, let us
∴ OP = QR = CR − CQ = CR −  
 2 consider the radius of the smaller inscribed circle is r and
that of larger inscribed circle is R, then AP = 2R , BP = 2r
 CR + RD 
= CR −   and AB = 2(R + r). Area of the shaded region
 2 
= π (R + r)2 − (πR 2 + πr2 )
 6x + 6
⇒ OP = 6 x −   = 3( x − 1) = π[R 2 + r2 + 2Rr − R 2 − r2] = 2πRr
 2 
C C

O
Q A B
P
A B
R P

D
D
Now, since ∆OPB is a right angled triangle, therefore
But, AP × BP = CP × DP
OB 2 = OP 2 + BP 2

Page 213 of 277

Geometry 681

⇒ 2R × 2r = 8 × 8 As none of the 4, 2 and 2.5 satisfies both side of the

⇒ rR = 16 cm above equation (i), so choice (d) has to be the correct
Therefore, the area of the shaded region = 2πRr answer.
= 2π × 16 = 32 π sq cm. Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
Hence choice (c) is the correct one. Hint ( AM = AC , as both are tangents on the same circle
drawn from a common point)
140 Since BP is the median of ∆ABC, so you can use Apollonius
theorem, as follows. NOTE The best way to solve this problem is to go
  AC  
2 through the given choices. For finding the roots (or roots)
AB 2 + BC 2 = 2  BP 2 +    you may like to refer the chapter on Equations, Quadratic
  2  
equations and Polynomial equations in Quantum CAT.
⇒ 441 + 225 = 2(BP 2 + 144) 142 Since ∆APB and ∆DPC are similar triangles, so we have
⇒ BP = 3 21 cm AB AP BP
= =
Now, we have, CD DP CP
DP × BP = AP × PC 6 2 5
⇒ = =
⇒ DP × 3 21 = 12 × 12 CD 3 CP
6×3
⇒ DP =
48
cm ⇒ CD = =9
21 2
Hint ∠APB = ∠DPC, as they are vertically opposite angles.
BP 3 21 1
Therefore, the required ratio = = = ∠BAC = ∠BDC, as both the angles are on the same side of
PD 48 21 16
the chord BC.
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
Similarly, ∠ABD = ∠ACD.
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
141 Let radius of the circle be r cm, thenPC = PM = PN = r cm.
143 First of all extend PO till Q a point on the circumference.
Now, in ∆BMP, we have BM 2 + MP 2 = BP 2
Now using power of a point theorem you will have
⇒ BM 2 + r2 = (BN + NP )2 AC × BC = PC × CQ
⇒ BM 2 + r2 = (2 + r)2 ⇒ 7 × 5 = 1 × CQ ⇒ CQ = 35
⇒ BM = 2 (r + 1) Q
B

N
A O
M
r C
r
P
P B
r
Now, if the radius of the circle be r, then OQ = r and
A C OC = r − 1
Now, in ∆ABC, we have ∴ CQ = OQ + CO = 2r − 1
AC + BC = AB
2 2 2
That is 2r − 1 = 35 ⇒ r = 18
⇒ AC + (BN + NC ) = ( AM + BM )
2 2 2 Hence choice (d) is the correct answer.

⇒ 62 + (2 + 2r)2 = (6 + 2 r + 1))2 144 First of all extend PO till Q, a point on the circumference.
Now using power of a point theorem you will have
⇒ r + r = 6 (r + 1)
2
AB 2 = AP × AQ ⇒ 196 = 7 × AQ
Squaring both sides, we get
⇒ AQ = 28 ∴PQ = AQ − AP = 21
r4 + 2r3 + r2 − 36r − 36 = 0 …(i)
B
Now, the above equation has exactly two real roots;
r = − 1 and r = 3. But since negative value of r is
inadmissible, as radius can never be negative, so only A Q
P O
r = 3 is the valid answer. Otherwise, go through the
choices and substitute the value of r in the above
equation.

Page 214 of 277

682 QUANTUM CAT
Now, if the radius of the circle be r, then OP = OQ = r =
21 Hint AB = 15 + 6 = 21 cm
2
And, AAA rules says that if the three angles of any two
Therefore, circumference of the circle triangles are same, both the triangles are similar. In this
21 problem ∠ P is common in both the triangles and one
= 2πr = 2π × = 66
2 angles is right angles in both the triangles, so the third
Hence choice (a) is the correct answer. angle in both the triangles will naturally be same.
Alternatively First of all connect OB, then OB will be Alternatively First of all draw a perpendicular BM
perpendicular on AB, as OB is the radius of the circle. from B on CA, so BM will be parallel to DC.
Let radius of the the circle be r, then OP = OB = r. Now, MA = CA − CM
B = 15 − 6 = 9 cm
And, BA = 6 + 15 = 21 cm
A P
P O

Therefore, we have D B
AB 2 + OB 2 = AO 2
21
⇒ 142 + r2 = (7 + r)2 ⇒ r =
2 C M A
Therefore circumference of the circle Now, applying Pythagoras theorem in ∆BMA, you will
 21 have
= 2πr = 2π   = 66
 2
BM 2 = BA 2 − MA 2
145 Since CP is a common tangent, so AC and BD are ⇒ BM 2 = 212 − 92 = 360
perpendiculars to CP. Now, you can observe that the two
triangles (∆PDB and ∆PCA)are similar triangles, as you can ⇒ BM = 6 10 cm
apply AAA rule. 146 We can easily figure out that the radius of the larger circle
A is double the radius of each of the smaller circle B.
P
That means area of circle A = 4 (area of each circle B)
⇒ A = 4B
It implies that the area of four smaller circles is same as
D B
the area of larger circle.
It implies that area covered by region D is same as area
covered by region C.
C A Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
DB CA 147 First of all connect OC , OP and OQ.
∴ =
PB PA Now, OC = OP = OQ = 6 cm.
6 15
⇒ = But, sinceD is the mid-point of AB, so CD is the median.
PB PB + AB And, since AC = BC , so CD is an angle bisector too. Also,
6 15 CD is perpendicular to AB and must pass through the
⇒ =
PB PB + 21 centre O.
PB = 14 cm and PA = PB + AB = 35 cm Please note that ∆COP and ∆COQ are symmetric.
∠PCO = ∠CPO = 30° and ∠COP = 120°.
Now, using Pythagoras theorem in ∆PDB and ∆PCA, we
Similarly, ∠QCO = ∠CQO = 30° and ∠COQ = 120°.
have
Therefore, ∠POQ = 120°.
PD = PB 2 − DB 2 = 4 10
C C
and PC = PA − CA 2 2

= 10 10 cm
∴ CD = PC − PD O O
P Q P Q
= (10 − 4) 10 = 6 10 cm
Hence choice (d) is the correct answer. A D B A D B

Page 215 of 277

Geometry 683

Now, area of the sector BT 2 22

Now, the area of the square RBST = = = 2 sq cm
120° 2 2
POQ = π (6)2 × = 12π
360° And area of the circle = πr2 = π (1)2 = π
Now, drop a perpendicular on CP. Since CO = PO = 6 cm, Total area between the circle and the square
therefore OM = 3 cm and CM = 3 3 cm, so CP = 6 3 cm. RBST = π − 2
1
Therefore, area of ∆COP = × CP × OM Therefore, the area of the circle which is outside the
2 π−2
1 square ABCD =
= × 6 3 × 3 = 9 3 sq cm. 2
2
Thus, the required area of the common region between
O the square ABCD and the given circle
60°  π − 2 π + 2
=π−  = .
 2  2
30° 90°
C P Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
M
Similarly, the area of ∆COQ = 9 3 sq cm. Hint : In the following figure, area of circle = π sq. cm
Therefore, area of the common region And, area of square (black region) = 2 sq. cm
And, the area of shaded grey region = (π − 2) sq. cm
= 12π + 9 3 + 9 3
= 12π + 18 3 sq. cm. R B
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
148 In the given figure, drop the two perpendiculars OP and OQ
from the centre O of the circle and it is important to know
that the centre O falls on the diagonal BD of the square
T S
ABCD.
A B Therefore, the area of the common region in the
following figure
 π − 2
P O =π− 
 2 
π+2
= sq cm.
2
D Q C
R B
Now, let us assume that the side of the square is a cm.
Therefore AB = BC = CD = AD = a cm and BD = 2a cm.
But, BD = BO + OD
⇒ 2a=1 + 2
1+ 2 T S
⇒ a= cm
2
150 Let radius of the circle is r, then AO = MO = r.
Hence, choice (c) is the correct one.
Therefore, ON = MN − MO = 24 − r
Hint : Since OB, OP , OQ are the radii of the same circle,
D M C
so OB = OP = OQ = 1 cm, and since OD is the diagonal of
the square POQD, so OD = 2 cm.
r
149 In the following figure, RB = TS and BS = RT . But, since
RB = BS, therefore, RBST is a square. O
r
And, for that reason BT and BD coincide. 24–r
A 12 N B
A R B

Now, using Pythagoras theorem in ∆AON, we have

OA 2 = AN 2 + ON 2
⇒ r2 = 122 + (24 − r)2 ⇒ r = 15 cm
T S
Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
D C

Page 216 of 277

684 QUANTUM CAT
Level 02 Higher Level Exercise
1 BD = 53 cm ∴ BM = 20 2 cm
∴ AD = CD = BD = 53 cm ∴ BO = 20 + 20 2 = 20 (1 + 2 ) cm
∴ AC = 2 × 53 = 106 cm Now, since BO = a/ 2 = AB / 2
A ∴ AB = 2 (BO ) = 1.414 [20 (1 + 1.414)]
= 68.2843 = 68.28 cm
3 ∠A + ∠B = 90° A
D
∠A − ∠B = 89 − 1 = 88
∠A − ∠B = 88 − 2 = 86
∠A − ∠B = 87 − 3 = 84
B C … … … … …
∠A − ∠B = 45 − 45 = 0
AB + BC + AC = 2 × 126 cm = 252 cm ∠A − ∠B = 44 − 46 = − 2
∴ AB + BC = 146 cm … … … … … C B
Let AB = x cm ∠A − ∠B = 1 − 89 = − 88
∴ BC = (146 − x ) cm, AB 2 + BC 2 = AC 2 Thus k can assume total 44 + 1 + 44 = 89 values
x 2 + (146 − x )2 = (106)2 …(1) 4 ∠SPT and ∠SOT are supplementary, then
Solving the equation (1), we get x = 56 and x = 90 ∠SOT = 180° − 50° = 130°
A 1
∴ ∠SRT = (∠SOT ) = 65°
2
∴ ∠SQT = 180 − 65° = 115°
10
6c R
56 cm

D m

O
S T

B 90 cm C
Q
Consider AB = 56 cm, then BC = 90 cm
Longest median will fall on the shortest side.
1
Now, the area of ∆BCD = × BD × BC P
2
1
= × 28 × 90 = 1260 cm 2 5 Let BC be the ladder, then
2 C
2 Let AB = BC = a, then AC = 2a
P
∴ AO = OC = BO = 2a/ 2 = a/ 2
Now, by angle bisector theorem
AB BM BM a 2
= ⇒ = =
AO MO MO a 2 1
A B Q
A
BC = 6.5 m
and AB = 5.2 m
∴ AC = (BC )2 − ( AB )2
O
⇒ AC = 3.9 m
M Now, PQ 2 = PA 2 + AQ 2
(6.5)2 = (2.5)2 + AQ 2 ⇒ AQ = 6 m
B N C
∴ BQ = AQ − AB = 6 − 5.2 = 0.8 m
∴ MO = 20 cm ∴ The foot of the ladder will slip by 0.8 m

Page 217 of 277

Geometry 685

6 ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180 10 Time taken in the collision of the two trains

Any one of angle can possess the values from 1 to 178. 500
= = 5h
A (40 + 60)

a J N

W E

b c 100 km S
B C
7 Cannot be determined.
8 ∆ABC is a right angled
C E Q
P 200 km 300 km L
500 km
D
In 5 hours, plane will cover 5 × 200 = 1000 km distance
60°
11 Two trains meet with an accident at a place 200 (= 40 × 5)
60° km away from Patiala.
B A ∴ The required distance = 200 km
and ∠ABC = 90° 1 2 2
12 Area of ∆BDE = × AB × BC
Let AB = x 2 5 7
4 1 4
then AB = AD = CD = BD = x = × ( AB × BC ) = area of ∆ABC
35 2 35
∴ ∆ABD is equilateral triangle
35
∴ ∠CAE = 60° ∴ Area of ∆ABC = × 20 = 175 cm 2
4
∴ ∠ BCA = 30° ⇒ ∠ ACE = 60°
13 Let E be on BC and BE = EC
∴ ∠CEA = 60° , also.
Hence, ∆ACE is an equilateral triangle Let F be on AE so that triangle FBC is equilateral.

Thus, AC = AE = CE = 2x ∠DAB = ∠ABF = 20°

BC A
and = tan 60° = 3 ⇒ BC = AB 3 = x 3 (20°)
AB
BC x 3 3
∴ = = D
EC 2x 2
9 πr2 = 3π ⇒ r= 3 F
∴ DE = 2 r − 2 r cos 120°
2 2

DE = r2 (Q 3 = r) B E C
A
and DA = BF
∴ Trapezoid ADFB is isosceles.
D ∠FAD = ∠DBF = 10°
⇒ ∠DBC = 10 + 60 = 70°
14 Calculate them physically (or manually)
O
15 AB = 6 cm, ∠C = 60° and ∠A = ∠B = 60°
E F
∴ ∆ ABC is an equilateral triangle
B C
3
∴ Area of ∆ABC = × (6)2 = 9 3
But AB = 2DE (By similarly of triangles) 4
∴ AB = 2 r2 = 2 × ( 3)2 = 6 3
Area of (∆ADE + ∆BFG ) = 2 × × (2)2 = 2 3
(Q D and E are the mid-points of OA and OB) 4
∴ Perimeter of triangle ABC = 3 × 6 = 18 units. ∴ Area of pentagon = 9 3 − 2 3 = 7 3 cm 2

Page 218 of 277

686 QUANTUM CAT
16 Since, PQRS is a parallelogram 20 There are total 16 similar triangles each with equal area.
R C D R C
D

S Q

A P B
A P B
Here, 4 out of 16 triangles are taken. So the number of
∴ ∠PSR = 90° (∠PSR + ∠PQR = 180° )
shaded triangles = 4 and number of unshaded triangles = 12
17 From the given relation, we can say that x = wr, y = wr2, 1
z = wr3. ∴ Required ratio =
3
∴ z − w = w(r3 − 1)
21 Number of total rectangles = 4C 2 × 3C 2 = 6 × 3 = 18
Now, since y > 90 and x < 90, therefore r > 1.
22 ∠PDB = ∠QEA = 80°
Further, it is known that w + x + y + z
= w(1 + r + r2 + r3 ) = 360, which is integer. Ans, it is also ∴ ∠PED = ∠QDE = 10° (Q ∠DPE = ∠DQE = 90° )
given that r is an integer, so w, x, y and z should also be ∴ ∠DRE = 180 − (10 + 10) = 160°
integers. ∴ ∠PRD = 180 − ∠DRE = 20°.
360 AB
23 OC =
r 1 + r + r2 + r3 w = z − w = w(r3 − 1) 2
1 + r + r2 + r3
AO = OC = OB
2 15 24 168
∴ ∠OAC = ∠OCA = ∠BCO = ∠OBC = 45°
3 40 9 236
∴ ∠ACB = 90°
4 75 Non-integer —
24 Please note that all the given triangles are equilateral.
5 156 Non-integer —
 60 3 
6 259 Non-integer — Area of shaded region = 3 πr2 − × r2 
 360 4 
Here, we see that for r = {2, 3} we have w as an integer.
r2  3 3
For r = 4, 5, 6, we have w as a non-integer value. Also, for = π − 2 
r ≥ 7, 0 ≤ w < 1. That means w is a non-integer for r ≥ 7. 2  
Now, for r = 2, we have w = 24, x = 48, y = 96, z = 112, 26 ∠ORP = 90° (Q OP is a diameter of smaller circle)
which satisfies the condition that w, x < 90 and y, z > 90.
OS = 5 cm and OR = 4 cm
But, for r = 3, we have w = 9, x = 27, y = 81, z = 243,
which means y < 90. That is wrong. ∴ SR = (5)2 − (4)2 = 3 cm
Hence choice (a) is the correct one. ∴ SP = 2 (SR ) = 6 cm
18 ∠ROQ = 180 − 50 = 130° (Since, OR passes through centre O and perpendicular to
Q ∠OQP + ∠ORP + ∠QOR + ∠QPR = 360° SP therefore OR bisects SP.)
 
 and ∠OQP = ∠ORP = 90°  27
AD DO
= =1
Now, since RT = TM and QS = SM AB BO
Also OR = OM = OQ ⇒ OB = OD = 8 cm
∴ ∠ROT = ∠TOM and ∠MOS = ∠SOQ Q ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral
1 ∴ DO × BO = CO × AO
∴ ∠SOT = ∠ROQ
2 8 × 8 = 4 × AO ⇒ AO = 16 cm
∴ ∠SOT =
130
= 65° ∴ AC = 16 + 4 = 20 cm
2 28 When ∠A = 60° , BC = b = c.
19 12 + 6 + 1 = 19
And, when ∠A = 90° , a = 2b = 2c
∴ 60° < A < 90°, c<a<c 2
29 OR = (OQ ) + (RQ )2
2 2

OR 2 = 5OQ 2 [Q RQ = 2(OQ )]
⇒ radius (r) = OQ 5

Page 219 of 277

Geometry 687

r AE AB 7.5 5
∴ OQ = 34 = = =
5 EC BC 10.5 7
Again, OC 2 = OH 2 + HC 2 Now, AB 2 + BC 2 = AC 2

r2 = (OQ + QH )2 + (QH )2 (5k )2 + (7 k )2 = (18)2

2 324
 r  74k 2 = 324 ⇒ k 2 =
r =
2
+ QH  + (QH )2 (Q HQ = HC ) 74
 5 
1 1
r Area of ∆ABC = × AB × BC = × 5k × 7 k
⇒ QH = 2 2
5 35 2 35 324
= k = × = 76.621 cm 2
r RQ 2 2 74
∴ HC = = ⇒ RC = (RD )2 + (DC )2
5 2 35 There are total 12 similar triangles each with equal area.
2 2 But a larger triangle ABC (or DEF) has only 9 smaller
 r   r  2
=   +  =r triangles. Out of 9 triangles only 6 triangles are common.
 5  5 5
∴Area of common region
2
∴ RC + FS = 2 r C
5
30 The best way is to consider some values and verify the D E
results.
31 ∠OCT = 90° , ∠DCT = 45°
A B
∴ ∠OCB = 45°
∴ ∠COB = 45° (∆OBC is a right angled triangle)
F
∴ ∠AOC = 180° − 45° = 135°
6
Now, Q CD = 10 ⇒ BC = 5 cm = OB = × 198 = 132 cm 2
9
⇒ OC = 5 2 cm = OA
Again, AC 2 = OA 2 + OC 2 − 2OA ⋅ OC cos 135° 36 9 × 180 − 2 × 360 = 180 × 5 = 900°

= 2(OA )2 − 2 (OA )2. cos 135° AD

37 OR = DS = = 6 cm
2
 1 100
= 2 (5 2)2 − 2 (5 2)2 ×  −  = 100 + DC
 2  2 and OS = DR = = 8 cm
2
AC ≈ 170.70 ⇒ AC ≈ 13 cm
2
R
D C
∴ Perimeter of ∆OAC = OA + OC + AC T
= 5 2 + 5 2 + 13 = 27 cm
S
32 ∠ACB = 60º (Q ∠ACB + ∠ADB = 180° ) O
Q

and ∠CAB = 30° (Q ∠ACB + ∠CAB = 90° )

AC = 2 × 6 = 12 cm A P B
BC 1
= sin 30° = ⇒ BC = 6 cm ∴ SR = 10 cm
AC 2
BC 1 OS × OR SR × OT
and = tan 30° = ⇒ AB = 6 3 cm ∴ Area of ∆ORS = =
AB 3 2 2
8 × 6 10 × OT 48
1 = ⇒ OT = cm 2
∴ Area of ∆ABC = × 6 × 6 3 = 18 3 cm 2 2 2 10
2 2
1 1 1  48 576
33 Area of ∆ BAE = AC × BD = Area of ∆ ABC ∴ Area of circle = πr2 = π ×   = π cm 2
 10  25
4 3 12
B 38 200 = 23 × 52
Number of total factors = (3 + 1) × (2 + 1) = 12
12
∴ Total number of required rectangles = =6
2
E
Area = b × l
200 = 1 × 200 = 2 × 100 = 4 × 50 = 5 × 40
A D C
= 8 × 25 = 10 × 20

Page 220 of 277

688 QUANTUM CAT
39 Since a circle can pass through any 3 non-collinear points, 43 AB = SQ = 25 cm and PQ = 24 cm, therefore SP = 7 cm
so from total 8 points we can have maximum possible P
number of circles = 8C 3 = 56
But, since it is given that 4 points lie on the same circle, 90°
therefore we will have fewer circles drawn. Q
S
Therefore, the actual number of circles drawn
= 8C 3 − 4C 3 + 1 = 53 90°

A
NOTE When we reduce 4 C3 circles from 8 C3 , we actually B R
reduce all the possible circles, but there must be 1 circle with
AP = 12 cm and SP = 7 cm
4 points on its circumference. That’s why we are adding 1
after deducting 4 C3 . (∆PSQ , ∆QBR and ∆PAR are similar)
∴ AS (= BQ ) = 12 − 7 = 5 cm
40 Here, AC and BC are the secants of the circle and AB is
PS PA 7 12 300
tangent at D ∴ = ⇒ = ⇒ AR =
∴ AE × AC = AD 2 SQ AR 25 AR 7
9 300
AE × 4 = (3)2 ⇒ AE = ∴ BR = AR − AB = − 25
4 7
9 7 125 AB 25 × 7 7
∴ CE = 4 − = ∴ BR = ⇒ = =
4 4 7 BR 125 5
7 9  7 21 SP BQ
∴ CE : ( AE + AD ) = :  + 3 = : =1: 3 44 =
4  4  4 4 PQ QR
41 ∠ADO is a right angle (angle of a semicircle) ⇒
7
=
5
⇒ QR =
120
New since OD is perpendicular on the chord AC and OD 24 QR 7
passes through the centre O of the larger circle ABC, then 1 288
× AP × PR 12 ×
OD must bisect the chord AC at D. Area of ∆APR 7 = 144
∴ = 2 =
O Area of ∆BQR 1 × BQ × QR 5×
120 25
2 7
D
90° (PR = PQ + QR )
Alternatively
2 2
Area of ∆APR  AP   12 144
=  =   =
Area of ∆BQR  BQ  5 25

A 45 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = xy + yz + zx
∴ AD = CD = 6 cm ⇒ x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − xy − yz − zx = 0
42 ∠CED = 120° (Q ACED is cyclic) ⇒ 2( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − xy − yz − zx ) = 0
and ∠BED = 60° ⇒ ( x 2 + y 2 ) + ( y 2 + z 2 ) + (z 2 + x 2 ) − 2xy − 2yz − 2zx = 0
∴ ∠EDB = 90° ⇒ ( x − y )2 + ( y − z )2 + (z − x )2 = 0
BD 6 3
∴ = cos 30° ⇒ = ⇒ x = y =z
BE BE 2
∴The given triangle is an equilateral triangle.
⇒ BE = 4 3 cm
∴ BC = BE + CE = 4 3 + 5 3 = 9 3cm 46 Let AD = 3a and DC = 6a S

Now, since AB and CB are the secants of the circle. 6a

∴ DH = HG = GC = = 2a H G
∴ BD × BA = BE × BC 3 M
2a P R
6 × BA = 4 3 × 9 3 ⇒ BA = 18 cm HM = MG = = a = SM
2
Again, ∆ACB is a right angled triangle (Q ∠C = 90° ) N
∴ NQ = a (also) E F
∴ AC = AB sin 30° (sin 30° = 1 2)
∴ SQ = SM + MN + NQ
AC = 9 cm (Alternatively apply Pythagorus theorem). Q
= a + 3a + a = 5a
and AD = AB − BD = 12 cm
Since diagonal of square, SQ = 5a
AC 9 3
∴ = = But, SQ = diameter of circle PQRS = diagonal of square
AD 12 4

Page 221 of 277

Geometry 689

PQRS then BQ = r 2
5a Therefore, BP = PQ + BQ = r + r 2
∴ Radius of the circle =
2 Similarly, BP = OB − OP = R 2 = R 2 − R
2
 5a ⇒ R ( 2 − 1) = r( 2 + 1)
⇒ Area of the circle = π ×  
 2
⇒ r = R ( 2 − 1)2
25 2
(a π ) ⇒ r = R (3 − 2 2)
Area of circle 25π
Here = 4 =
Area of rectangle 3a × 6a 72 Area of larger circle π R2 R2
∴ = =
Area of smaller circle 4π r 2
4 (3 − 2 2)2 R 2
47 In the first diagram, join the opposite vertices of the
1
hexagon. It gives us 12 congruent right angle triangles. =
Out of them 6 such triangles fall inside the triangle ∆BDF. 4(17 − 12 2)
1 1
Therefore, area of ∆BDF = (area of hexagon) =
2 68 − 48 2
49 AX , BY and CZ are perpendiculars drawn on the tangent
AD from the centers X , Y and Z of the respective circles.
Let CZ = NZ = PZ = r1, BY = MY = NY = r2, X = MX = r3
and DP = k.
Since, ∠ADG = 90° , therefore ∠BYD = ∠AXD = 45° .
Now, since CZ = r1, therefore DZ = 2 r1
Now, since BY = r2, therefore
Now, in the second diagram, we can observe that there DY = 2r2 = r2 + r1 + 2r1
24 congruent equilateral triangles. Out of them 9 such
⇒ r2( 2 − 1) = r1( 2 + 1)
triangles fall inside the triangle ∆PQR.
r1
9 ⇒ r2 =
Therefore, area of ∆PQR = 24(area of hexagon) ( 2 − 1)2
24

A G

M
Therefore, we have
1 Y
(Area of hexagon )
Area of ∆BDF 1/ 2 4 B F
= 2 = = N
Area of ∆PQR 9
(Area of haxon) 9 / 24 3
24 Z
E
Hence choice (c) is the correct one. P
48 OA = AB = BC = OC = OP D
Let OA = R (radius of the larger circle), then OB = R 2
Similarly, since AX = r3, therefore DX = 2r3
Similarly PQ = MQ = QR = r (radius of the smaller circle)
⇒ 2r3 = r3 + r2 + 2r2
O C
⇒ 2r3 = r3 + r2( 2 + 1)
r1
⇒ 2r3 = r3 +
( 2 − 1)3
r1
⇒ r2( 2 − 1) =
P ( 2 − 1)3
P
Q r3 1
⇒ =
R r1 ( 2 − 1)4
A M B

Page 222 of 277

690 QUANTUM CAT
r3 1 Again ∆RGH ~ ∆RPQ
⇒ =
r1 17 − 12 2 and PQ = 2GH (By mid-point theorem)
Hence choice (b) is the correct one. ⇒ RJ = 2RK ⇒ RK = JK
2
Area of ∆ABC  BC  1 But since EF = JK
50 =  =
Area of ∆AED  0.65 BC  0.4225 ∴ AE = EF = JK = RK
∴ Area of ∆AED = 0.4225 × 68 = 28.73cm 2 ∴ RJ = RK + JK and AF = AE + EF
and RJ = AF = h (say),
51 Let the radius of each circle be r unit then
1
PQ = QR = PR = 2 r × PQ × h
Area of ∆ PQR PQ 1
∠ PDM = ∠ QEN = 30° Then = 2 = =
Area of ∆ABC 1
× BC × h BC 2
2
2r 53 It can be solved using the property of tangents.
P Q (Tangents on the circle drawn from the same points are
same in length)
D M 2r N E S A R

DM
∴ = cos 30°
DP M N
3 O
DM = DP × [ DP = QE = (r)]
2
r 3
⇒ DM =
2 P B Q
∴ DE = DM + MN + NE Points M , A, N and B are the points of tangent.
=
r 3
+ 2r +
r 3
= (2 + 3) r ∴ PS + QR = PQ + SR = 2 (21) = 42 cm
2 2 ∴ Perimeter of trapezium = 2 (42) = 84 cm
∴ DE = DF = EF = (2 + 3) r
54 Let MN be the bridge.
Again, ∠ PAS = ∠ QBT = 30°
AP AB
∆APM ~ ∆ABC ⇒ =
PM BC
P 2r Q 500 1500
= ⇒ PM = 1200 = QN = BR
PM 3600
A
A S 2r T B 500 m
M
PS 1 r 1 P
∴ = tan 30° = ⇒ =
AS 3 AS 3 300 m
⇒ AS = r 3 = BT
Q N
∴ AB = AS + ST + BT = r 3 + 2r + r 3 = 2 r(1 + 3)
∴ AB = BC = AC = 2 r (1 + 3) 700 m

Ratio of perimeter of equilateral triangle

= ratio of their sides B R C
3600 m
∴ Ratio of perimeter of ∆ ABC : ∆ DEF : ∆ PQR
∴ RC = BC − BR = 2400 m
= 2(1 + 3): (2 + 3): 2
and NR = BQ = 700 m
52 ∆APQ ~ ∆ ACB, BC = 2PQ
∴ NC = NR 2 + RC 2
and BC || PQ ⇒ AF = 2AE ⇒ AE = EF
C ⇒ NC = 2500 m

R Also AM = AP 2 + PM 2
G
P K ⇒ AM = 1300 m
J F ∴ Total distance to be travelled = AM + MN + NC
H
E = 1300 + 300 + 2500
A Q B = 4100 m

Page 223 of 277

Geometry 691

55 Let AD = h (say) 58 Since the weight (C ) = 2 and weight ( A ) = 3 and

1 3 weight (B ) = 4, therefore AY : BY = 4 : 3.
then Area of ∆ABC = bc sin 120° = bc
2 4 Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
1 3
Area of ∆ BAD = ch sin 60° = ch 59 The best way is to apply Mass-Point Geometry concept. We
2 4 can say that the mass (or weight) at point Y is 5(= AY + BY )
A and the mass at X is 8 (= AX + BX ).
(1)A(5)
60° 60° 4 3
c b
h X(8)
(5)Y Z 5
1
B D C (4)B C(3)
a
1 3 Further, the weight at A is 1 and weight at B is 4.
and area of ∆ CAD = bh sin 60° = bh Similarly, the weight at C is 3 and weight at A is 5.
2 4
Since, we are getting two different weights at A, so we need
Now, A(∆ABC ) = A(∆BAD ) + A(∆CAD )
to take LCM of these two weights 1 and 5, which is 5.
3 3 3
bc = ch + bh Now, we need to revise the weights at all the points due
4 4 4
to a new weight at A.
bc
⇒ bc = h (b + c) ⇒ h = Considering the line segment AB, we need to multiply
b+c
every value by 5, while all the values related to line
56 Using Crossed ladders theorem, we have segment AC will remain unchanged.
1 1 1
+ = (5)A
AB CD EF
20 3
Further, using Pythagoras theorem in ∆BAC, we have
(8)X
AB = BC 2 − AC 2
(25)Y (28)Z 5
Similarly, using Pythagoras theorem in ∆DCA, we have 5
(20)B (3)C
CD = AD 2 − AC 2
Now, the weight at point Z is 28, which can be obtained
Therefore, we have
by BZ + XZ or CZ + YZ.
1 1 1
+ = Therefore, BZ = 8 and XZ = 20. Similarly, CZ = 25 and
BC − AC
2 2
AD − AC
2 2 EF
YZ = 3.
1 1 1 Thus the required ratio of BZ : CZ = 8 : 25.
+ =
210 − AC
2 2
174 − AC
2 2 70
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
Now, the best way is to go through the given options. Let 60 This problem can be solved by extending the crossed
us consider option (b) and substitute AC = 126. ladders theorem. However, if you do not want to go into
1 1 details, you can always use this relation, as stated below.
+
210 − AC
2 2
174 − AC 2
2
A
1 1 1
= + =
168 120 70
K
Hence choice (b) is the correct one. D E
O
57 We can solve this problem by applying Mass-Point X Z
Geometry. Since AX : XC = 2 : 3, therefore, weight at Y
point A = 3 and weight at point C = 2. B C
That means weight at point X Let the area of the ∆ABC be T , then
= weight ( A ) + weight (C ) = 3 + 2 = 5. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ = + ⇒ + = +
Now, since the weight (Z ) = weight (B ) + weight ( X ), T Y X +Y Y+Z T 8 15 12
therefore weight (B ) = 9 − 5 = 4.
⇒ T = 40 ⇒ K = 40 − (7 + 8 + 4) = 21 sq cm
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.

Page 224 of 277

692 QUANTUM CAT
61 Since two triangles EFB and FCB have same height, a+ x b
62 From the previous problem, we know that = and
EF a y c
therefore, = . …(i)
FC b x a
= .
B c+ y b
E
A
F
a
b a
b
B C C E E x y
F
D
Similarly, two triangles BFC and FDC have same height, a c
BF b F
therefore, = . …(ii)
FD c b
B C
D C
75 + x 100 x 75
F Therefore, we have = and =
c y 40 40 + y 100
b Alternatively By solving these two equations, we get
b c
B
x = 75 and y = 60. Therefore the area of quadrilateral
B D
C F AEFD = 135 units.
Now, the two triangles BFA and DFA have same height, Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
BF a + x
therefore = Apply ladder theorem, and find the result as explained
FD y below.
A A

x d
E y E
D D
F F
a c a c
b b
B C B C
BF b 1 1 1 1
But, we know from equation (ii) that = + = +
FD c (a + b + c + d ) b (a + b) (b + c)
a+ x b
Therefore, = 1 1 1 1
y c ⇒ + = +
(215 + d ) 100 175 140
⇒ by = ca + cx …(iii)
⇒ d = 135
x a
Similarly, we can find = 1
c+ y b 63 Area of triangle ABC = ab sin C
2
⇒ bx = ca + ay …(iv) 1
⇒ 15 3 = × 6 × 10 sin C
Solving the simultaneous equations (iii) and (iv) using 2
substitution method, we get the following values of x and 3
y. ⇒ sin C =
2
ac(a + b) ac(b + c)
x= 2 and y = 2 ⇒ C = 120°
b − ac b − ac
A
Therefore, total area of quadrilateral
ac(a + 2b + c)
AEFD =
b2 − ac
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
B C
Alternatively Apply ladder theorem, and find the
a2 + b2 − c2
result as explained below. Now use cosine rule : cos C =
1 1 1 1 2ab
+ = +
(a + b + c + d ) b (a + b) (b + c) 36 + 100 − c2 1 136 − c2
⇒ cos 120° = ⇒ − =
ac(a + 2b + c) 2 × 6 × 10 2 120
⇒ d=
b2 − ac ⇒ c = 14

Page 225 of 277

Geometry 693

Now use the following relation : 65 Let us consider an equilateral triangle. And assume point P
∆(area of triangle) is the incentre then d1 = d2 = d3 = k and h1 = h2 = h3 = 3k.
= r (inradius) × s(semi-perimeter of triangle) It implies that
d1 d2 d3 1 1 1
 6 + 10 + 14 + + = + + =1
⇒ 15 3 = r ×   h1 h2 h3 3 3 3
 2 
⇒ r = 3 ⇒ r2 = 3 To confirm the above result, let us take another example.
Let us consider a right angle triangle with the sides 3, 4
Hence choice (c) is the correct answer. and 5. Now assume that the point P is the incentre then,
64 Since ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle, therefore, by dropping d1 = d2 = d3 = 1 and h1 = 3, h2 = 2.4 and h3 = 4. It implies
a perpendicular from B on AC, the perpendicular BD will that
bisect AC, and BD will also pass through the incentre E. d1 d2 d3 1 1 1
+ + = + + =1
Now, drop another perpendicular EF on AB, then h1 h2 h3 3 2. 4 4
EF = ED = r = 3. As in both the considerations our result is unique.
In right angle ∆EFB, ∠FBE = 60° and ∠BEF = 30°. It means 1 is the correct answer.
BE 2
So, by using 30-60-90 degree theorem, we have = Hence choice (c) is the answer.
EF 3
66 If you rotate ∆ARC clockwise about A by 60°, it will overlap
2 2 the ∆ABQ completely, as ∠RAC = ∠BAQ. Also, AR = AB
⇒ BE = EF = r
3 3 and AC = AQ . Therefore, ∆RAC and ∆BAQ are congruent.
2 It implies that RC = BQ .
∴ BD = DE + BE = r + r= 3+ 2 …(i)
3 P
Again, using 30-60-90° degree theorem in ∆ABD, we have
AD 3
= B
BD 1
⇒ AD = 3(BD ) = 3( 3 + 2) …(ii) R O
B
F
A C
E

A C
D
1
∴ Area of ∆ABC = ( AC )(BD ) Q
2
1 Similarly, you can prove that RC = AP .
= (2AD )(BD ) = ( AD )(BD )
2 Thus we can conclude that AP = BQ = CR
= 3( 3 + 2)2 = 12 + 7 3 Hence choice (b) is the answer.
Hence choice (c) is the answer. Hint : ∠RAC = ∠RAB + ∠BAC = ∠BAC + ∠CAQ = ∠BAQ
Alternatively By applying 30-30-120 degree theorem, 67 Let the altitude of the triangle ABC be h assuming that AC
in the given triangle, if we assume AB = BC = a, then we is the base.
have AC = 3a. B
Either by dropping a perpendicular BD on AC or using
any other technique we can have the area of triangle X
Z
3 a2
ABC = and semi-perimeter of the triangle P
4
A C
(2 + 3)a Y
=
2 1 ∆( ABY )
∴ ∆( ABY ) = × AY × h ⇒ AY = 2 ×
Now using the relation, area = inradius × semi-perimeter, 2 h
we have ∆(CBY )
Similarly, CY = 2 ×
3 a2 (2 + 3)a h
= 3×
4 2 AY ∆( ABY )
∴ =
⇒ a = 2(2 + 3) CY ∆(CBY )
Thereforen area of the triangle In the same manner, we can have
3a2 3[ 2(2 + 3)]2 AY ∆( APY )
= = = 12 + 7 3 =
4 4 CY ∆(CPY )

Page 226 of 277

694 QUANTUM CAT
Now using the componendo-dividendo method, we have 5 + 2 2 = l2
AY ∆( ABY ) − ∆( APY ) a
= It implies that a = 5 and b = 2. Therefore = 2. 5
CY ∆(CBY ) − ∆(CPY ) b
AY ∆( ABP ) Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
⇒ =
CY ∆(CBP ) 69 Since, in ∆RQS and ∆PQR , ∠QSR = ∠PRQ and
Similarly, when AB is assumed to be the base, then we have ∠SQR = ∠PQR, there ∆RQS ~ ∆PQR .
AZ ∆( ACP ) PQ RQ
= ∴ =
BZ ∆(BCP ) RQ SQ
Similarly, when BC is assumed to be the base, then we RQ 2 81
have ⇒ SQ = = = 6.75
PQ 12
BX ∆(BAP )
= P
CX ∆(CAP )
AZ BX CY ∆( ACP ) ∆(BAP ) ∆(CBP )
∴ = =1
BZ CX AY ∆(BCP ) ∆(CAP ) ∆( ABP ) S
T
Hence eqs. choice (a) is the correct one.
68 Consider the following figures. Since AB and BC are the
legs of the right angle triangle, so AC would be the Q R
hypotenuse and ∠B = 90° and ∠BAC = ∠BCA = 45° Similarly, ∆QTR ~ ∆PQR
A QR RT (QR )(QR ) 81
R ∴ = ⇒ RT = = = 5. 4
A PR QR PR 15
O
P Then we have,
1 PS × PT = (PQ − SQ ) × (PR − RT )
O
= (12 − 6.75) × (15 − 5. 4) = 5. 25 × 9. 6 = 50. 4
B C Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
3
2 AQ 3 AR 4
70 Given that = and =
BQ 2 CR 3
B C Q Area (∆ AQP ) 3 3m
∴ = =
Let P , Q and R be the reflections of A Area (∆ BQP ) 2 2m
1
point O about AB, BC and CA, 1 R Area (∆ ARP ) 4 4n
respectively. The ∠PAR = 90°, and = =
P √2 Area (∆ CRP ) 3 3n
∠QCR = 90° and ∠PBQ = 180°. 3 ∴ Area (∆ABP ) = 5m and Area (∆ACP ) = 7 n
Thus the area of pentagon ARCQP is
twice the area to ∆ABC. The area of Since, AP is the median, therefore area(∆ABP ) = area(∆ACP )
4 3 √2 C m 7 7k
l2 ⇒ 5m = 7 n ⇒ = =
∆ABC = , so the area of pentagon n 5 5k
2 3
A
= l2.
Q
Since ∠PAR = 90°, so
PR = 2 × AO ; ( AP = AR = AO = 1) R
O
Similarly, since ∠QCR = 90°, so Q
QR = 2 × CO = 3 2; (CQ = CR = CO = 3)
C
And PQ = (PB + BQ ) = 2(BO ) = 4 B P
But, since ( 2)2 + (4)2 = (3 2)2. It implies that ∆QPR is a Since height of the triangle AOQ and that of QOP are
right angle triangle. Thus the total area of pentagon is same and the height of triangle AOR and that of ROP are
comprised of three right angle triangles of which two are ∆AOQ ∆AOR
same, therefore =
isosceles ones. ∆QOP ∆ROP
1 1 1 And let area (∆QOP ) = x and area (∆ROP ) = y, then
(PA × AR ) + (PR × PQ ) + (RC × CQ )
2 2 2 3m − x 4n − y
=
 1  x y
= 2  × AB × BC 
2  21k − x 20k − y x 21
⇒ = ⇒ =
1 1 1  l2  x y y 20
(1 × 1) + ( 2 × 4) + (3 × 3) = 2  
2 2 2  2 Hence choice (a) is the correct one.

Page 227 of 277

Geometry 695

1 + 5 3+ 5 = 3−ϕ
71 (1)2 + ( ϕ )2 = 1 + ϕ = 1 + +
2 2 Therefore (i) and (iii) are valid.
2 Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
 1 + 5 3+ 5
ϕ2 =   = 74 Looking at the angles of ∆AEB, we can say that
 2  2
∠EAB = ∠EBA = 72° and ∠AEB = 36°.
Since 12 + ( ϕ )2 = ϕ 2, therefore it is a right angle
Therefore, AB = ϕ and EA = EB = ϕ 2.
triangle. Hence, choice (b) is the correct one.
Now, by looking at the angles of ∆ADB, we can say that
72 From the given data it can be concluded that ∠ADB = ∠ABD = 54° and ∠DAB = 72°.
BC = BD = AD, as ∆CBD and ∆BDA are isosceles triangles.
Therefore, AD = AB = ϕ.
AC BC
∴ = Again, by looking at the angles of ∆ACB, we can say that
BC DC
AD ∠ACB = ∠CAB = 72° and ∠ABC = 36°.
AC AD AD AD 1 Therefore, AB = BC = ϕ and AC = 1.
⇒ = = = =
AD DC AC − AD AC AD AC Thus we see that AC = 1, AD = ϕ and AE = ϕ 2.
− −1
AD AD AD 1
It implies that CD = ϕ − 1 = and DE = ϕ 2 − ϕ
1  AC  ϕ
⇒ x= ⇒ x2 − x − 1 = 0  = x
x −1  AD 
= (ϕ + 1) − ϕ = 1.
A 1
Thus, we have AC : CD : DE = 1 : : 1 = ϕ : 1 : ϕ
ϕ
36° Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
75 Given that ∠ABC = 36° and B

108° D DE || FG || AC , we have
∠BDE = ∠BED = ∠BFG
72°
36° = ∠BGF = ∠BAC = ∠BCA = 72°. D E
B
36° 72°
C In ∆BDE, since BD = BE = ϕ, we have
DE = 1. Now connect DG and the we F G
1+ 5 AC 1 + 5 have DE = EG = DF = 1.
⇒ x= ⇒ =
2 AD 2 In ∆DFG, since DF = 1, we have
AB 1 + 5 DG = FG = ϕ. A C
⇒ = (Q AB = AC and BC = AD )
BC 2 Now connect FC and then we have FG = GC = AF = ϕ.
Hence choice (c) is the correct one. In ∆FAC, since AF = ϕ, we have FC = AC = ϕ 2.
Hint : To find out how to solve a quadratic equation like But it can be established that ϕ 2 = ϕ + 1.
x 2 − x − 1 = 0, you may like to refer the chapter on
Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS in this book only.
AB 1 + 5
73 First of all extend AB to a point D such that ∠ACD = 90°. 76 We know that in this triangle, =
AD 2
Then draw a line segment DE equal to DC, such that
∠CDE = 36°. ⇒ BC = CD = AD = AB − BD = (1 + 5)
D
Now, drop a perpendicular CP from C on BD, which will
bisect the BD, as BC = CD.
36° 36° ∴ CP = (1 + 5)2 − 12 = 5 + 2 5
1
B ∴ Area of isosceles triangle ∆BCD = × 2× 5+ 2 5
108° 2
72°
72°
= 5 + 2 5 cm 2
36° E
54° 72° Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
54°
A
C 77 Let AB = AC = CD = x and it is given that
Now we know that in ∆CDE, if CE = 1, DC = DE = ϕ. BD = CD = ( 5 − 1) cm
And, in ∆CBD, if CD = ϕ, BC = BD = 1. Now, since the triangle ∆BDA ~ ∆BAC
Now, in ∆ABC, BC = AB = 1. BA BC
∴ =
Therefore, in right angle ∆ADC , AD = 2 and CD = ϕ. BD BA
Thus we have AC = AD 2 − CD 2 x ( 5 − 1) + x
⇒ = ⇒x=2
5 −1 x
= 4 − ϕ 2 = 4 − (ϕ + 1)
Now, draw a perpendicular DP on AB, which will bisect AB.

Page 228 of 277

696 QUANTUM CAT
The length of this perpendicular Now, consider the triangles ∆EDG and ∆ECG, where EG is
= ( 5 − 1) − (1) = 5 − 2 5 cm
2 2 common, DG = CG and ∠DGE = ∠CGE = 90°, Therefore,
the two triangles ∆EDG and ∆ECG are congruent. Now,
1 since ∠ECG = 30°, therefore, we have ∠EDG = 30°.
Therefore the area of ∆ABD = × 2 × ( 5 − 2 5)
2 Now, consider the ∆DBF, where ∠DBF = 80° and
= 5 − 2 5 cm 2 ∠BDF = 80°, so the ∠DFB = 180° − (80 + 80) = 20°.
Hence choice (a) is the correct one. Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
78 ∠CAB = ∠CBA = 80° 80 First of all try to observe the similarity. Let us consider
∠ADQ = θ, we have ∠AQD = 90 − θ. Since AD = AB,
⇒ AC = BC and ∠ACB = 20°. AQ = BP and ∠DAQ = ∠ABP = 90°, therefore ∆DAQ is
And, ∠ADB = ∠ABD = 50° ⇒ AD = AB congruent to ∆ABP.
Now draw a line AF from A on BC, such that ∠AFB = 80° D C
⇒ AF = AB
∴ ∠BAF = 20° and ∠AFE = 100°. θ

⇒ ∠FAE = 40° and ∠AEF = 40° ⇒ AF = EF

P
C
90–θ°
90°
O
90–θ° 90°
θ 90–θ°
A Q B
E Now, in ∆AQO, ∠OAQ = θ and ∠OQA = 90 − θ, which
x° 40° implies that ∠AOQ = 90°.
D
Thus we see that ∆DAQ , ∆ABP and ∆AOQ are similar,
50° F DA AB AO 2
where = = = .
40 °

30
20

AQ BP OQ 1
°

°
20° 50°
A B
Now, if we consider OQ = 1 cm, we have AO = 2 cm and
AQ = 5 cm, BP = 5 cm and OD = 4 cm. Thus, we have
Now, we know that AD = AB = AF = EF and ∠DAF = 60°. AB = BC = CD = DA = 2 5 cm.
Therefore, ∆DAF is an equilateral triangle. That is Now, area of square ABCD = 20 cm 2, area of
AD = AF = DF .
∆DAQ = ∆ABP = 4 cm 2 and area of ∆AOQ = 1 cm 2.
Therefore, we have
1 Therefore area of quadrilateral
∠ EDF = ∠DEF = (∠DFB ) QBPO = ∆ABP − ∆AOQ = 5 − 1 = 4 cm 2
2
1 1 And, area of quadrilateral OPCD = area of square
= (∠DFA + ∠AFB ) = (60° + 80° ) = 70°
2 2 ABCD − (∆ABP + ∆DOA ) = 20 − (5 + 4) = 11 cm 2
But, ∠ x ° = ∠DEF − ∠AEF = 70° − 40° = 30° Therefore the required ratio is 4 : 11.
Hence choice (c) is the correct one. Hence choice (c) is the
D S C
79 Since ∠ABC = ∠ACB = 80°, therefore, ∠DBE = 40° and correct one.
1
∠DCE = 30°. Alternatively Let’s draw
3 3
the lines RC and SB as shown
Now, in triangle DBC , ∠DBC = 80°, ∠BDC = 50°. 1 M
in the diagram, where R and
Therefore right angle triangle ∆DGB and ∆CGB are L P
S are the mid-points on N
congruent. R 1
respective sides of the square 3 O
A
ABCD. Also, you can see that 3
RC is parallel to AP and DQ 1
is parallel to SB.
20 °

A Q B
As per mid-point theorem,
1
D
area of ∆DRL = (∆DAO ). Thus, if area of the ∆DRL is 1
4
E
50° unit, the area of ∆DAO will be 4 units. And, the same
° logic applies with other triangles too.
40 G
40° 50° x° Now, if you join SQ, you will get four congruent triangles
B F
C ∆DAQ , ∆DSQ , ∆SQB and ∆SCB with equal area.

Page 229 of 277

Geometry 697

Further, since, the area of triangle ∆DAQ is 5 units, the 83 If the area of ∆DGS is 4 units, area of ∆DAP will be 25 units
area of square ABCD will be four times, that is, 20 units. and area of ∆DAH will be 29 units.
Therefore, the area of square LMNO  5
Area of square ABCD =   × 2 × ∆DAH = 145 units.
= 20 − (1 + 3 + 1 + 3 + 1 + 3 + 1 + 3) = 4 units.  2
Therefore area of quadrilateral QBPO = 1 + 3 = 4 units Area of square PQRS = area of square
and the area of quadrilateral OPCD = 1 + 3 + 3 + 4 = 11 units.
ABCD − (∆DAP + ∆ABQ + ∆BCR + ∆CDS )
Thus the required ratio is 4 : 11.
= 145 − 4(25) = 45 units
81 Since all the triangles are similar, so we can apply the rule 45 9
of similarity and find the areas of all the triangles, as shown Thus the required ratio = =
145 29
in the diagram.
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
D H G C
1 84 ∆BAQ and ∆ADP are congruent, that’s why ∠AOQ = 90°.
3 O
Thus we see that AO is a perpendicular on BQ. It means,
2
5 5 ∆AOQ  4 16
P =  = .
1 ∆AOB  5 25
I F
A B
θ
3 3 θ

J E
O
N 1 90–θ
5 5
M Q
1 3
90–θ
A K L B D P C
Total area of square Since ∆AOQ and ∆BOA are similar, therefore
ABCD = ∆DAK + ~ DHLK + ~ HGBL + ∆GCB area ∆AOQ  4
2
16
=  =
= ∆DAK = 2(∆DAK ) + 2(∆DAK ) + ∆DAK area ∆BOA  5 25
= 6(∆DAK ) = (1 + 3 + 5 + 1) × 6 = 60 units. ∆ AOQ ∆ AOQ
Now, =
Therefore, area of square MNOP = area of square ∆ ADP ∆ BAQ
ABCD − (∆DAM − ∆ABN + ∆BCO + ∆CDP ) ∆ AOQ
= 60 − 4 × (1 + 3 + 5) = 24 units =
∆ AOB + ∆AOQ
Hence choice (b) is the correct one. 16 16
Hint If you join HK and GL, you see that the total area of = =
25 + 16 41
the square ABCD can be divided into 6 triangles of the
∆ ADP ∆ADP 41 2
same size as of ∆DAK. Thus, we have = = =
~ ABCD 2(∆ADC )   5  5
82 If the area of ∆DGM = 1 unit, area of ∆DAJ = 25 units and 241  
  4 
area of ∆DAH = 25 + 1 = 26 units.
∆ AOQ ∆ AOQ
D F D F C Therefore, =
C ~OBCP ~ ABCD − (∆AOB + ∆ADP )
L 16
G M =
205
− (25 + 41)
2
K E 32
J =
73
A H B A H B Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
Area of square ABCD = 26 × 10 = 260 units. 85 Maximum value of a2 + b2 + c2 + d 2 will be obtained when
Area of square JKLM = area of square ABCD the vertices of quadrilateral overlap the vertices of the
− (area of ∆DAJ + ∆ABK + ∆BCL + ∆CDM ) square. In that case, actually a, b, c and d are the greatest
= 260 − 4 × (25) = 160 units. possible values.
160 8 And, the minimum value of a2 + b2 + c2 + d 2 will be
Therefore required ratio = =
260 13 obtained when the vertices of quadrilateral are the
Hence choice (a) is the correct one. mid-points of the sides of the square. In this case actually
a, b, c and d are the smallest possible values.

Page 230 of 277

698 QUANTUM CAT
respective bases. That is if h1 and h2 be the heights of
∆ABO and ∆CDO, then
h1 AB 21 3
= = =
h2 CD 49 7
But, since, h1 + h2 = 10, therefore h1 = 3 cm and h2 = 7 cm
Hence choice (a) is the correct one. B
A
86 As you know that AF = CF and AE = CE , and since it is
given that AF = EF = EC , therefore ∆AEF and ∆CEF are two O
equilateral triangle of same area.
Thus, the quadrilateral AECF is a rhombus.
Let’s assume that each side of this rhombus is a unit. Then
D C
the inradius of the circle inscribed in the rhombus
Area of ~ AECF 1 63
~ AECF = Thus the area of ∆ABO = × 21 × 3 =
semiperimeter of ~ AECF 2 2
1 343
3 And, area of the ∆CDO = × 49 × 7 =
Area of ~ AECF = 2 × × a2 2 2
4
Therefore Area of ∆AOD + ∆BOC = ~ ABCD
3
= × a2 − (∆AOB + ∆COD )
2
350 − (203) = 147 sq cm
And semi-perimeter of ~ AECF = 2a
But, as you know that the area of ∆AOD = ∆BOC
Therefore, the inradius of the incircle 147
3 Therefore, area of ∆AOD = = 73. 5 sq cm
× a2 2
3
=r= 2 = a Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
2a 4
2 88 Let’s draw a diagram as per the given problem.
 3  3π 2
Thus the area of the incircle of ~ AECF = π  a = a D M C
 4  16
A B

A B
E
A N B
F DP || CB, as AP = PB. Thus ∆DAP = ∆PDC = ∆CPB = 6
D C
D C D C
6
Now, the largest circle can be drawn in a rhombus only
when it’s a square. Then the diagonal of square ABCD is
BD = AC = 3a 6 6
But, this diagonal of square ABCD will act as the diameter
of the inscribed circle. A P B
Therefore area of the circle that I inscribed in the square Let radius of the incircle is r. So DA = CP = 2r. And let us
2
 3a 3π consider CD = AP = PB = x.
ABCD = π ×   = × a2
 2  4 As DM < CD ⇒ r < x and CD < DA ⇒ x < 2r.
1
Thus the required ratio = 1 : 4 Since (2xr) = 6 ⇒ rx = 6
2
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
87 If h be the height of the trapezium, the area of trapezium Choice rx r x r < x x < 2r Result
1
~ ABCD = × ( AB + CD ) × h (a) 6 3 2 No Yes Impossible
2
1 (b) 6 2 3 Yes Yes Possible
⇒ 350 = × (21 + 49) × h
2 (c) 6 3/2 4 Yes No Impossible
⇒ h = 10 cm
(d) 6 1 6 Yes No Impossible
Since, ∆ABO and ∆CDO are similar triangles, therefore
the heights of these triangles will be in the ratio of their Hence choice (b) is the answer.

Page 231 of 277

Geometry 699

Alternatively Let’s draw a diagram as per the given 1 10 2

= × 20 2 ×
problem. 2 3
D M C 200
= sq cm.
P 3
Thus the area of common region
O 200 400
= 2× = sq cm.
3 3
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
A N B
90 We know that in any quadrilateral the sum of any three
Then ∠POC = ∠COM, since PC and MC are tangents on sides must be greater than the fourth side. Therefore we
the same circle from the same point C. Now if you assume have, a + b + c > d, such that a, b, c ≤ d.
∠COP = θ, then ∠BOP = 90 − θ.
Therefore ∆CMO and ∆ONB are similar. That is Case a+ b+ c d
CM ON
= . I 7 5
MO NB
II 8 4
Let us assume DC = x and radius is r, then CM = x − r and
NB = 2x − r. III 9 3
CM ON
Therefore, = IV 10 2
MO NB
x−r r V 11 1
⇒ =
r 2x − r
Case a + b + c a b c d No. of combinations
⇒ 2x = 3r …(i)
1 1 5
Also the area of quadrilateral = 18
1 1 2 4
⇒ (2r × 3x ) = 18 I 7 5 4
2 1 3 3
⇒ rx = 6 …(ii)
2 2 3
From eqs. (i) and (ii), r = 2.
1 3 4
89 Since area of kite CSAP is 200 sq cm, it means the area of
∆CSA = 100 sq cm. II 8 2 2 4 4 3
Which is turn implies that the area of ∆CDS = 100 sq cm 2 3 3
Thus the area of ∆CDA = ∆CDS + ∆CSA = 200 sq cm
III 9 3 3 3 3 1
But as AD = CD, so we have AD = CD = 20 cm
A IV 10 — — — 2 0
A P B
V 11 — — — 1 0

Case IV and Case V do not satisfy the required conditions.

N
Q S Thus the total number of required combinations
S
O
= 4 + 3 + 1 = 8.
M Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
D R C D R C 91 Let us assume that RD = h, OR = a and OD = r
It means AS = DS = DR = RC = 10 cm. First of all extend the sides DC andAB in order to make
Therefore, area of ∆SDR = 50 sq cm them meet at Q. Now, the angle BQC = 36°.
So, the area of parallelogram Since ∆BQC is an isosceles triangle so the perpendicular
ASRC = ∆ADC − ∆SDR = 150 sq cm. QP drawn from Q on the side BC will bisect the BC, and it
Now, if OM = x, then ON = 2x. That is MN = 3x, then will be the angular bisector of angle BQC, as well.
DM = 3x Similarly, the perpendiculars drawn from the
It implies that DN = 6 x = 10 2 incentre/circumcentre O of the regular pentagon ABCDE
5 2 will bisect the opposite sides as OR bisects AB at R and
⇒ x=
3 OP bisects BC at P.
Therefore, area of ∆AOC Now as given that BC = 2 cm, therefore using 36-72-72
1 degree theorem in ∆BQC, we have
= × AC × ON
2 BQ = CQ = (1 + 5) cm

Page 232 of 277

700 QUANTUM CAT
Now, in right angled triangle BPQ, Now, let us assume that DR = h and DO = AO = r and OR = a

PQ = BQ − BP = (1 +
2 2
5) − 1 = 5 + 2 5
2 2 We know that the circumradius of an isosceles triangle
x2
with the lateral sides x and base y is
y2
2 x2 −
4
Therefore, the circumradius of the ∆ADB
(1 + 5)2 6+ 2 5 3+ 5
= = =
(2)2
2 5+ 2 5 5+ 2 5
2 (1 + 5)2 −
D 4
Alternatively Consider the figures intended for the
C previous alternate solution.
E 108°
O AR 2 + RD 2 = AD 2
P 72°
72°
90° 90° ⇒ 1 + h 2 = (1 + 5)2 = 6 + 2 5
18°
90° 108° 72° 18° ⇒ h = 5+ 2 5
A Q
R B
But, OR = OA 2 − AR 2
2

But since ∆BPQ is similar to ∆ORQ, therefore

⇒ (h − r)2 = r2 − 12
BQ OQ
=
BP OR ∴ h 2 + r2 − 2hr = r2 − 1 ⇒ 1 + h 2 = 2hr
BQ OP + PQ ⇒ 6 + 2 5 = 2( 5 + 2 5 )r
⇒ =
BP OR
3+ 5
1+ 5 a+ 5+ 2 5 ⇒ r=
⇒ = 5+ 2 5
1 a
5+ 2 5 92 Let inradius be x and circumradius be y and side be z, then
⇒ a= 2
5  z
x2 +   = y2
 2
Now, in right angle ∆DRQ,
⇒ x2 + 9 = y2
h = DR = DQ 2 − RQ 2
⇒ y − x2 = 9
2

= (DC + CQ ) − (RB + BQ )
2 2
⇒ ( y + x )( y − x ) = 9
y
= (3 + 5)2 − (2 + 5)2 = 5 + 2 5 ⇒ 9( y − x ) = 9 x
⇒ y − x =1
∴ r = DO = DR − OR = h − a
⇒ x = 4, y = 5
5+ 2 5
= 5+ 2 5 − Therefore, area of circumcircle = 25 π sq cm
5
And area of incircle = 16π sq cm
 1 3+ 5 Thus the total required area = 25π + 16π = 41π sq cm
= 5 + 2 5 1 −  =
 5 5+ 2 5 Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
Hence choice (a) is the correct one. 93 In this pentagon the side S and the diagonal D are parallel,
Alternatively so we have a parallelogram as shown below in the fig (iii).
Looking at the following figures you can easily figure out
that the circumradius of pentagon in fig (i) will be same
as the circumradius of the isosceles triangle in fig (ii).
Using 36-72-72 degree theorem, in ∆DAB, we have
AD = BD = 1 + 5 cm, as AB = 2 cm.
So the length of the highlighted segment in the fig (iv)
D D D and (v) is d = D − S
And the length of the highlighted section in the fig (vi) is
E O C E 36° C s = D − 2d = 2S − D
O O

72° 72°
A B A B A R B
Fig (i) Fig (ii) Fig (iii)

Page 233 of 277

Geometry 701

But, we know that the diagonal (D ) of a regular pentagon Thus the perimeter of ∆PQR = PQ + PR + QR
1+ 5 = 11 + 5 5
= × side
2 Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
1+ 5
∴ D= ×S 97 Since ∠EPT = ∠PET = 72°, therefore,
2
PT = ET = ED + DT
 1 + 5 (3 − 5)S
∴ s = 2 S − D = 2S −   S= But, we know that
 2  2
 1 + 5  1 + 5
Hence choice (b) is the correct one. DT =   DC =   ED
 2   2 
94 In the following figure, there is a parallelogram shown by
 1 + 5
the dotted lines. And each side of this parallelogram Therefore, PT = ED + DT = ED +   ED
is same and equal to the diagonal of the smaller  2 
pentagon.  3 + 5
=  ED
 2 
R R

A B
Q S A B
Thus the diagonal of the smaller pentagon = d = D − S E C
E C
  1 + 5   5 − 1
=   S − S =   S D
D
 2    2 
P T P T
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.  3 + 5
Q PT =   ED
95 ∠PED = ∠PDE = ∠BCQ = ∠CBQ = 72°  2 
and ∠ EPD = ∠ BQC = 36°. ∴ Area of larger pentagon = area of smaller pentagon
2
Now, we know that for a 72°-36°-72° triangle, the ratio of  3 + 5
sides is (1 + 5) : 2 : (1 + 5). × 
 2 
That means, if DE = 2, PE = PD = 1 + 5.
⇒ Area of larger pentagon = area of smaller pentagon
96 We know that ∠EAB = ∠ABC = ∠BCD = ∠CDE
 7 + 3 5
= ∠DEA = 108° × 
 2 
Therefore, ∠PAB = ∠PBA = 72° and ∠APB = 36°.
Similarly, ∠QED = ∠QDE = 72° and ∠EQD = 36°.  7 − 3 5  7 + 3 5
⇒ Area of larger pentagon =   × 
Also, ∠RDC = ∠RCD = 72° and ∠DRC = 36°.  2   2 
Thus, we have ∠QDR = 108° and ∠DQR = ∠DRQ = 36°. ⇒ Area of larger pentagon = 1
Therefore, ∆ERQ and ∆EDQ are similar triangles. Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
P 98 First of all let us understand a couple of relations before we
proceed to solve this problem.
5 +1
Given that ϕ = , so we have ϕ + 1 = ϕ 2 and
A B 2
2ϕ + 1 = ϕ 3
E C
D
D
Q R
T S
E C
Now, we know that for a 72°⋅ 36°⋅ 72° triangle, the ratio
of sides is (1 + 5) : 2 : (1 + 5) P R
Therefore, Q
PQ = PR = (1 + 5) + 2 + (1 + 5)
A B
= 4 + 2 5. PQ 1
Now, we know that =
And, QR = ER = ED + DR QB ϕ
= 2 + (1 + 5) = 3 + 5 and AB = PB = PQ + QB = 1 + ϕ = ϕ 2

Page 234 of 277

702 QUANTUM CAT
When AB = ϕ 2, PQ = 1 Now, let’s drop a perpendicular RQ from Q on AP, which
1 will bisect the AP. Now try to understand that the
So, when AB = 1, PQ = 2 perpendicular RQ can act as the height of both the
ϕ
triangles ∆AQP and ∆OQP.
Now, we know that
Therefore RQ = AQ2 − AR 2 = (1 − 5 )2 − 12 = 5+ 2 5
Area of ABCDE K ( AB )2 (1)2 1 ϕ4
= = = = 1
Area of PQRST K (PQ ) 2
 1
2 1 1 Thus, area of ∆OQA = (OA ) × (RQ )
 2 2
ϕ  ϕ 4
1
= (1 + 5)( 5 + 2 5 )
Hence choice (b) is the correct one. 2
99 There are clearly four distinct sizes of pentagon. Let’s call Therefore, required area = 5 × area of rhombus OBQA
the smallest pentagon P1 and so the largest pentagon P4. = 10 × area of ∆OAQ
Each side of P1 = 1 1 
= 10 (1 + 5)( 5 + 2 5 )
Each side of P2 = 1 + ϕ = ϕ 2 2 
Each side of P3 = ϕ 2 + ϕ 3 = ϕ 2(1 + ϕ ) = ϕ 4 = 5(1 + 5)( 5 + 2 5 )
Each side of P4 = ϕ 4 + ϕ 5 = ϕ 4(1 + ϕ ) = ϕ 6 Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
103 The perimeter obtained by wrapping a band around the
100 Since each side of the smaller pentagon is 1 cm, so each circle will consist of six straight segments of length d
side of the larger pentagon will be 1
(where d is the diameter) and 6 arcs, each with length th
 2  3+ 5 6
1 + + 1 = cm. of a circle, as the arc angle is 60°.
 1+ 5  2
Thus the area of the larger pentagon
2
1  3 + 5
= ( 5 (5 + 2 5))  
4  2 
1
= (6. 88)(6. 85) = 11.72 sq. cm
4
Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
101 We know that if the side of a pentagon is s, the area of the
inscribed pentagram is
1
A =  5(5 − 2 5) s 2 120°
2 
90° 90°
1 
⇒ A= 5(5 − 2 5) 60°
2  
Now, the best way is to substitute the numerical value of
5 +1
ϕ= in the given options in order to find out the 2r
1
— (2πr)
2 6
correct match. Therefore the required perimeter is
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.  2πr
p = 6(d ) + 6  = 6(2r) + 2πr = 2(6 + π )r
102  6 
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
104 Since the side of H1 is 64 cm, that is AB = 64 cm, therefore
O
B AP = BP = BQ = . . . = 32 cm. Now since the angles of
B
O triangle PBQ are 30°, 30°, 120°, so PQ = 32 3 cm.

A A
R Q
Q
P
P
It is known that PQ = AQ and AQ = OA. 30°
Q
So we have PQ = AQ = OA = 1 + 5 cm.
30°
Now, applying 72°-36°-72° theorem, we get AP = 2 cm. A P B

Page 235 of 277

Geometry 703

2
 3 Therefore, area of the hexagon =
3 3
× 42 = 24 3 sq cm.
In the similar way, each side of H 3 = 64 ×   2
 2
3
 3
And, each side of H 4 = 64 ×  
 2
6
 3
Therefore, each side of H7 = 64 ×   = 27 cm
 2
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
NOTE The answer should be given in cm, not in mm.
105 If you look closely at the figure, you will notice that the 4 cm
area comprised by the hexagram is equal to the 6 rhombi
and thus the area comprised by the hexagon is equal to As you can observe that the half of the area of the regular
12 rhombi. hexagon is shaded and rest half is un-shaded, so the total
1
area of the un-shaded region = × 24 3 = 12 3 sq cm.
2
Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
3
Hint Area of an equilateral triangle = × side2
4
3 3
And, area of a regular hexagon = × side2
2
108 Let a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7 be the side of the seven hexagons
such that
a1 > a2 > a3 > a4 > a5 > a6 > a7 .
3 3 3 3
It implies that the area of 12 rhombi Then we have, (a1 )2 − (a2 )2
2 2
= area of hexagon = 84 sq cm.
3 3 3 3
Hence choice (d) is the correct one. = (a2 )2 − (a3 )2
2 2
106 As per the figure, the area of the 12 rhombi
3 3 3 3
= area of each hexagon. = (a3 )2 − (a4 )2
2 2
84
Therefore area of each rhombus = = 7 sq cm. 3 3 3 3
12 = (a4 )2 − (a5 )2
2 2
3 3 3 3
= (a5 )2 − (a6 )2
2 2
3 3 3 3
= (a6 )2 − (a7 )2
2 2
3 3
= (a7 )2
2
Total shaded area = shaded area of the 6 outer hexagons 3 3 2 3 3 2
− shaded area of the central hexagon Or (a1 − a22 ) = (a2 − a32 )
2 2
= area of 9 rhombi × 6 + area of 6 rhombi
3 3 2
= (9 × 6 × 7 ) + (6 × 7 ) = 9 × (42) + (42) = (a3 − a42 )
2
= 42 × 10 = 420 sq cm.
3 3 2
Hence choice (a) is the correct one. = (a4 − a52 )
2
107 There are total 6 shaded equilateral triangles along the
3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2
perimeter of the hexagon. = (a5 − a62 ) = (a6 − a72 ) = a7
2 2 2
6 3
So area of each such equilateral triangle is = 3 sq cm. Or (a12 − a22 )
6
Therefore, side of each such equilateral triangles is 2 cm. = (a22 − a32 ) = (a32 − a42 ) = (a42 − a52 )
Further, it implies that the side of the regular hexagon is = (a52 − a62 ) = (a62 − a72 ) = a72
4 cm.
∴ (a62 − a72 ) = a72

Page 236 of 277

704 QUANTUM CAT
⇒ a62 = 2a72 F

And (a52 − a62 ) = (a62 − a72 ) E

G
⇒ a52 = 3a72
And (a42 − a52 ) = (a52 − a62 )
R
⇒ a42 = 4a72 A k 4k 3k k D
And (a32 − a42 ) = (a42 − a52 ) k k
2k 3k
2k
⇒ a32 = 5a72 4k kP k
B C
And (a22 − a32 ) = (a32 − a42 ) ⇒ a22 = 6a72
Now, ∠RPD = 180 − (∠APB + ∠APR )
And (a12 − a22 ) = (a22 − a32 ) ⇒ a12 = 7 a72
= 7 k − (2k + 2k ) = 3k
∴
a1
=
7 And ∠PRD = 180 − (∠RDP + ∠RPD )
a7 1 = 7 k − (k + 3k ) = 3k
Hence choice (d) is the correct one. Therefore, ∠PRD = ∠RPD = 3k
109 First of all you must know that as whenever a polygon is It implies that ∆RDP is an isosceles triangle.
regular, it is necessarily a cyclic polygon. That is all its That is RD = PD
vertices lie on the circle. this ensures that all the inscribed ∴ AB + BD = AB + DP + PB = AB + RD + PB
angles must be equal, that is = AR + RD + BP = AD + BP
∠GFA = ∠AFB = ∠BFC = ∠CFD Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
π 180°
= ∠DFE = = 110 According to Ptolemy’s theorem on the cyclic quadrilateral,
7 7
‘‘the sum of the products of the two pairs of opposite sides
F of a cyclic quadrilateral equals the product of its two
E diagonals.’’ That is in the cyclic quadrilateral ACDE we
G
have
∴ AC × DE + CD × AE = AD × CE
A D ⇒ d1 × s + s × d2 = d1d2 ⇒ s(d1 + d2 ) = d1d2
d1 + d2 1 1 1 1
⇒ = ⇒ + =
d1d2 s d1 d2 s
B C
E
So, based on the above logic, we have
D
∠BAC = ∠BCA = ∠BDC = ∠DBC = ∠CAD F
180
= ∠BDA = = k (say)
7 d2
G C
That is 180° = 7 k
F d1
A s B
G E
Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
Hint AD = AE and AC = CE
A k D
k 111 Look at the following figures and find that the problem is
k P k talking about d2, the second largest diagonal of the octagon.
kk
B C From the first two figures it can be seen that d2 = d
And d is equal to the side of the circumscribing square.
Now, due to symmetricity triangle APD is isosceles, that is
AP = DP and therefore ∠APD = 180 − (k + k ) = 5k So, the area of the circumscribing square = d 2
It implies that ∠APB = 180 − ∠APD = 2k
Therefore, ∠ABP = 180 − (∠BAP + ∠APB ) d3 s s
= 180 − 3k = 4k d2
d1 d
Now choose a point R on AD such that ∠APR = 2k and
∠ARP = 4k, that is ∆APB and ∆APR are congruent. s s
Therefore, AR = AB s

Page 237 of 277

Geometry 705

Now, the area of the shaded region (in the circumscribing So, the side of the octagon
square) 2 2 2
= =
= area of the smaller square formed by joining the four 4+2 2 2+ 2
corner triangles = s 2
Therefore, area of the octagon
Therefore, area of the octagon = area of the  
circumscribing square − area of the smaller square formed 2
= 2(1 + 2)  4 2 sq cm.

by joining the four corner triangles.  2+ 2 
= d2 − s2 Thus the difference between the areas of circle and
Now look at following diagrams. octagon = 2π − 4 2
The area of the vertical rectangle = ds = 2(π − 2 2) sq cm.
s Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
113 Area of the octagon = 2( 2 − 1) sq cm
⇒ 2( 2 + 1)s 2 = 2( 2 + 1)
d
2 −1
⇒ s2 =
2 +1
2 −1 2 −1
And the area of the horizontal rectangle = ds ⇒ s2 = × ⇒ s = 2 −1
2 +1 2 −1

d Now, each side of the square = ( 2 + 2 )s

s = ( 2 + 2 )( 2 − 1)
Therefore, area of the square
s
= [( 2 + 2 )( 2 − 1)]2
Therefore, the total area of the octagon = (2 + 2)(3 − 2 2) = 2( 2 − 1)
= ds + ds = 2ds 114 By joining A, C , E , G we get a square whose diagonals, AE
Hence choice (d) is the correct one. and CG, are 20 cm each. Therefore, each side
Alternatively ( AC , CE , EG, GA ) of the square is 10 2 cm and
AO = CO = EO = GO = 10 cm.
As you know d = d2 = (1 + 2)s
1
And area of octagon, A = (1 + 2)s 2 Therefore, each of ∆AOC = × AO × OC = 50 cm2
2
Let us consider choice (b), then we will have Now, due to symmetricity or uniformity of the figure the
d 2 − s 2 = [(1 + 2)s]2 − s 2 = 2(1 + 2)s 2 = A diagonals AE and CG will act as the angular bisector of
Therefore, A = d 2 − s 2 ∠A, ∠E , ∠C , ∠G.
Therefore, ∠OAB = ∠OCB = 15°
Now, let us consider choice (c), then we will have
Thus the ∠BAC = ∠OAC − ∠OAB = 45° − 15° = 30°.
2ds = 2 × (1 + 2)s × s = 2(1 + 2)s 2 = A
Similarly, ∠BCA = 30°.
Therefore A = 2ds
Therefore in triangle ∆ABC,
Hence choice (d) is the most appropriate one.
∠ABC = 180° − (∠BAC + ∠BCA ) = 120°
112 Since area of the third square (shaded region) is 1 sq cm,
Now, using 30 − 30 − 120 degree theorem in ∆ABC (or
so the area of the second square would be 2 sq cm.
dropping a perpendicular BP on AC from B and using
similarly, the area of the first square ( the largest one)
30-60-90 degree theorem in ∆ABP or ∆CBP) you can find
would be 4 sq cm.
10 2 5 2
that AB = BC = and BP =
3 3
Therefore, area of triangle
1 50
ABC = × AC × BP = cm2
2 3
Thus the area of the quadrilateral AOCB
= area of triangle AOC − are of triangle ABC
That is the diameter of the circle is 2 2 cm, so the radius 50
of the circle is 2 cm and the area of the circle is 2π sq cm. = 50 − cm2
3
Likewise, the longest diagonal of the octagon is 2 2 cm.

Page 238 of 277

706 QUANTUM CAT
G E Alternatively Area of the 4 shaded rhombi = 8 sq cm.
So the total area of all the 8 rhombi = 16 sq cm.
F Now we have to determine the area of 8 isosceles right
H D angled triangles, each having one side common with the
O side of the octagon.
B
Let each side of the inner octagon be a, then the
circumraius of the inner radius (say r)
A P C
( 4 + 2 2 )a ( 2 + 2 )a
= =
Therefore, the area of the octogon 2 2
= area of quadrilaterals And the area of the inner octagon = 2(1 + 2)a2 = 8
(OABC + OCDE + OEFG + OGHA ) 1
But the area of each isosceles triangle = r2
= 4 (area of quadrilateral OABC) 2
 50  200 2
= 4 50 −  = ( 3 − 1) 1 ( 2 + 2 )a  (2 + 2)a2
 3 3 =   =
2 2  4
Hence choice (a) is the correct one. 

115 Look at the second figure, which has two concentric Therefore area of all the 8 triangles
octagons and the area of inner octagon is same as the area (2 + 2)a2 
= 8×  = 2(2 + 2)a2
of the shaded region in the first octagon.  4 
Now pay attention very closely in the second figure and
= 2[ 2 (1 + 2)a2] = 8 2
try to figure out the fact that the circumradius of the
outer octagon is double the inradius of the inner octagon. Thus, the area of the outer octagon
Therefore, if the circumradius of the outer octagon be R 0 = 16 + 8 2 = 8(2 + 2) cm 2
and the inradius of the inner octagon be ri and each side
116 Look at the following figures. The central angle of the
of the inner octagon be a, then
regular decagon is always 36°.
(1 + 2)a
ri =
2 O O
∴ R 0 = 2ri = (1 + 2)a
Now, if the side of the outer octagon is s, then 36° 36°
2R 0 2(1 + 2)a O
s= =
108° P
4 + 2 2 ( 4 + 2)
72°
2(2 + 2)a 36°
= =( 2+ 2)a 72° 72° 36° 72°
2( 2 + 2) A B A B
A B
Therefore, area of the outer octagon = 2(1 + 2)s 2
Fig (i) Fig (ii) Fig (iii)
= 2(1 + 2)[( 2 + 2 )a] cm 2 2
Then we will have 10 isosceles triangles which are
= 2(1 + 2) a2 [( 2 + 2 )]2 cm2 congruent and their common vertex is the circumcentre
= 2(1 + 2) a2 × [(2 + 2)] cm2 of the decagon.
Now, look at the fig (iii) AB = AP = OP = 2 cm
If PB = x, OA = OB = (2 + x ) cm
But since ∆AOB is similar to ∆BAP, therefore we have
OA AB
=
AB BP
2+ x 2
⇒ =
2 x
But, since area of the inner octagon = 2(1 + 2)a2 = 8 cm ⇒ x = 5 − 1 cm
Therefore, area of the outer octagon ∴ OA = OB = 2 + x
= 2(1 + 2)a2 × (2 + 2) cm2 ⇒ OA = 1 + 5 cm
= 8 × (2 + 2) cm 2 Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.

Page 239 of 277

Geometry 707

117 Since the ∆AOB is symmetrical, therefore the perpendicular Now, let us consider JO = r and RO = m, therefore,
OQ bisects AB such that AQ = BQ JR = r + m and JO = OC = RC = r
O But, since ∆JRC and ∆COR are similar, so we have
JR RC
=
RC RO
r+m r
⇒ =
r m
⇒ m + rm − r = 0
2 2

72° 72° As, we know that r = 1 + 5 cm, therefore

A Q B m2 + rm − r2 = 0
Now, using Pythagoras theorem in ∆AOQ we get ⇒ m2 + (1 + 5)m − (1 + 5)2 = 0
OQ = OA 2 − AQ 2 ⇒ m=2
From the previous solution we know that OA = 1 + 5 cm, ∴ JR = JC = r + m = 3 + 5 cm
therefore Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
OQ = (1 + 5)2 − (1)2 = 5 + 2 5 cm. 121 From the following figures let’s figure out all the pertinent
angles.
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
∠ACB = ∠CAB = 18°
118 Look carefully at the fig (i) in the earlier solutions and you And, ∠FCD = ∠EFC = 36°
will find that the longest diagonal = 2 × circumradius
∴ ∠ACF = 90°
= 2(1 + 5) cm
F
Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
119 From the following figures, it is obvious that the second E
longest diagonal is exactly double the length of the
apothem of the decagon.
D
90°
A C
B
Otherwise, if you observe that AF acts as a diameter and
vertex C falls on the circumference of the circle, so angle
ACF will be a right angle.
Fig (i) Fig (ii) Fig (iii) Since each side of the decagon is 2 cm, so the longest
diagonal AF = 2 + 2 5 cm and the third longest diagonal
Therefore, the second longest diagonal = 2 × apothem
CF = 3 + 5 cm.
= 2 5 + 2 5 cm Now, as triangle ACF is right one, so the required shortest
Hence choice (b) is the correct one. diagonal
120 From the following figures, it is obvious that the third AC = AF 2 − CF 2
longest diagonal is equal to the longer side of the triangle
OJC, which is formed by connecting the two vertices and = (2 + 2 5)2 − (3 + 5)2 = 10 + 2 5 cm
the centre of the decagon as shown below. Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
Alternatively From the following figures let’s figure
out all the pertinent angles.
∠ACB = ∠CAB = ∠ECD = ∠ CED = 18°
O
∴ ∠ACE = 108°
108°
36° 36° Since AC = CE , therefore triangle ACE is an isosceles
J C triangle.
F F
R

72° E E
O
72° 36°
108° D D
36° 36° 108°
36° 36° A C A C
J C B B

Page 240 of 277

708 QUANTUM CAT
Since each side of the octagon is 2 cm, so the second The area of each equilateral triangle
longest diagonal 3 3
= × 12 = sq cm.
AE = 2 5 + 2 5 cm 4 4
Now, using the 36-36-108 degree theorem in triangle And, the area of each square = 12 = 1 sq cm
ACE, we have Therefore, the required total area of dodecagon
AE 1 + 5 2 5+ 5 1 + 5 3
= ⇒ = = 12 × + 6 × 1 = (3 3 + 6) sq cm
AC 2 AC 2 4
4( 5 + 2 5 ) Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
⇒ AC = = ( 5 + 2 5 )( 5 − 1)
1+ 5 124 The given dodecagon can be partitioned into 12 congruent
equilateral triangles and 6 congruent squares as shown
⇒ AC = (5 + 2 5)( 5 − 1)( 5 − 1) below.
= 10 + 2 5 Now, the length of the second smallest diagonal = ( 2 ×
height of the equilateral triangle ) + (side of the square)
Therefore, the required shortest diagonal = 10 + 2 5 cm
122 In the quadrilateral ABCD,
∠ABC = ∠BCD = 144°
so the ∠BAD = ∠CDA = 36°
By extending this logic, we can say that ABCQ is a
rhombus, where ∠BAQ = ∠BCQ = 36° and
∠ABC = ∠AQC = 144°. The height of each equilateral triangle
That means AQ = CQ = BC = AB = 2 cm. 3 3
B C = ×1 = cm
2 2
A And, the side of each square = 1 cm.
D
P Q R S Therefore, the required total length of the diagonal
3
J E = 2× + 1 = ( 3 + 1) cm
2
Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
I F 125 The given dodecagon can be partitioned into 12 congruent
equilateral triangles and 6 congruent squares as shown
H G below.
Since ABCD is a paralleogram, BC|| AD. Therefore, Now, from the following figures the length of the
∠BRA = ∠CBR = 36° circumradius = length of the diagonal of the pentagon.
Therefore in ∆ABR, ∠BAR = ∠BRA = 36°
and ∠ABR = 108°.
Now in ∆ABR, we can apply 36°-72°-36° theorem.
(1 + 5)
∴ AR = AB
2
⇒ AR = 1 + 5
Thus, QR = AR − AQ = (1 + 5) − 2 = 5 − 1
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
123 The given dodecagon can be partitioned into 12 congruent
equilateral triangles and 6 congruent squares as shown
below, The length of the diagonal of the pentagon
2
 1
2
 3
=   + 1 +  = 2+ 3
 2  2
And, the side of each square = 1 cm
Therefore, the required total length of the circumradius
= 2 + 3 cm
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.

Page 241 of 277

Geometry 709

126 The given dodecagon can be partitioned into 12 congruent Alternatively In the following C
equilateral triangles and 6 congruent squares as shown diagram of a regular dodecagon
below. ∠ACE = 120° and A E
Now, from the following figures the length of the smallest ∠CAE = ∠CEA = 30°
diagonal = length of the diagonal of the pentagon. Since each side of the dodecagon
is 1 cm, so the smallest diagonal
will be 2 + 3 cm. That is
AC = CE = 2 + 3 cm.
Therefore, using 30-30-120 degree theorem in ∆ACE, we
have AE = 3( 2 + 3 )
128 Look at the following figures carefully. Area of each
dodecagon is same.
From the fig (ii) it is clear that the total area of the
dodecagon = area of 12 equilateral triangles
+ area of 6 squares.
But, from fig (iii), the area of the dodecagon = area of 12
equilateral triangles + area of 4 squares + area of 4 kites
Thereore, area of 4 kites = area of 2 squares = 2 sq cm
The length of the diagonal of the pentagon
2
 1
2
 3
=   + 1 + 
 2  2

= 2+ 3
Therefore, the required total length of the diagonal
Fig (i) Fig (ii) Fig (iii)
= ( 2 + 3 ) cm
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
129 The given dodecagon can be partitioned into 12 congruent
127 The given dodecagon can be partitioned into 12 congruent equilateral triangles and 6 congruent squares as shown
equilateral triangles and 6 congruent squares as shown below.
below. Now, from the following figures the length of the
Now, from the following figures the length of the second
third smallest diagonal = length of the diagonal of the
longest diagonal = 2 × length of the side of the square
pentagon + length of the diagonal of the square.
+ 2 × height of the equilateral triangle

The length of the diagonal of the pentagon

The length of the diagonal of the dodecagon
2
 1
2
 3 3
=   + 1 +  = 2×1 + 2×
 2  2 2
Therefore, the required total length of the diagonal
= 2+ 3
= 2 + 3 cm
And, the length of the diagonal of square = 2 Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
Therefore, the required total length of the diagonal
130 The given dodecagon can be partitioned into 12 congruent
=( 2+ 3) + 2 cm equilateral triangles and 6 congruent squares as shown
Hence choice (d) is the correct one. below.

Page 242 of 277

710 QUANTUM CAT
Now, from the following figures the length of the And, dodecagon in fig (iv) has 12 equilateral triangles
circumradius = length of the diagonal of the pentagon. and 6 squares.
That means the area of 12 rhombi in fig (iii) is same as
the total area of the 6 squares in fig (iv)
Therefore, the required area of 12 rhombi = total area of
6 squares = 6 sq cm
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
132 From the following figure, it can be seen that the
dodecagon consists of 12 equilateral triangles and
12 rhombi
And the square consists of 16 equilateral triangles and 16
rhombi.

The length of the diagonal of the pentagon

2
 1
2
 3
=   + 1 +  = 2+ 3
 2  2
Therefore, the total length of the circumradius
Therefore, the required ratio
= 2 + 3 cm 12 (equilateral triangles + rhombi) 3
= =
Thus, the required length of the longest diagonal 16 (equilateral triangles + rhombi) 4
= 2 × length of the circumradius = 2 2 + 3 cm Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
Hence (a) is the correct one. Hint : There are 8 isosceles triangles between the
dodecagon and the square. These 8 triangles form the 4
131 Given that the perimeter of the figure is 24 cm, so each side
rhombi. And each such rhombus is congruent with the
of the each rhombus would be 1 cm. Fig (ii) shows the
each of the rhombi inside the dodecagon .
perimeter of the fig (i)
133 The inner dodecagon consists of 12 equilateral triangles
and 12 rhombi, while the external consists of 48 equilateral
triangles and 48 rhombi
Therefore, the required ratio
12 (equilateral triangles + rhombi) 1
= =
48 (equilateral triangles + rhombi) 4
Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
Fig (i) Fig (ii) 134 Let x be the length that you have to cut off from each
Now, when you connect all the outer (disjoint) vertices of corner, then the length of each side of hexagon = 1
the given figure you will get a regular dodecagon and The length of each side of the dodecagon
each side of the dodecagon would be 1 cm, as there = 1 − ( x + x ) = 1 − 2x
would be 12 equilateral triangles formed along the edge x 1–2x x
of the dodecagon. x x
x√3 x√3
1–2x 1–2x

x x
x√3 x√3
x x

1–2x 1–2x
x√3 x√3
x x
Fig (i) Fig (ii) x 1–2x x

Now, consider fig (iii) and fig (iv); each of them has But, from the corner triangle which is an isosceles
equal area. triangle with the angles 30°, 30, 120° , you can determine
However, dodecagon in fig (iii) has 12 equilateral that the third side of the corner triangle is x 3.
triangles and 12 rhombi. However, you can observe that the third (longer) side of
the corner triangle is same as the side of the dodecagon.

Page 243 of 277

Geometry 711

Therefore, x 3 = 1 − 2x And ∠CON = 60°

⇒ (2 + 3)x = 1 ∠OCN = 30° , ∠ONC = 90°, so using 30-60-90 degree
1 theorem we get ON = 1.
⇒ x=
2+ 3 Therefore MN = OM + ON = 3 + 1
1 2− 3 It implies that k = 3 is the valid answer. So
⇒ x= ×
2+ 3 2− 3 k = 3 = 3.
Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
⇒ x = 2− 3
Alternatively
Now, the total area to be cut off = 6 isosceles triangles
π π
= 2 equilateral triangles of side x 3 2 cos + 2 cos = 3 + 1
2k k
3 3 3 2 π
= 2× × ( x 3)2 = x Let = θ, Therefore
4 2 2k
3 3 21 3
= (2 − 3)2 = − 18 2 cos θ + 2 cos 2θ = 3 + 1
2 2
⇒ 2 cos θ + 2(2 cos2 θ − 1) = 3 + 1
Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
−1 ± (2 3 + 1)
NOTE When you join 3 isosceles triangles, which are congruent, ⇒ cos θ =
whose 1 angle is 120°, you get an equilateral triangle, as depicted 4
below. 3 π
⇒ cos θ = ⇒θ=
2 6
π π
⇒ = ⇒ k=3
x 2k 6
x√3 x√3
120° 120° 136 Consider the following diagram with three distinct circles
120°
as shown below.
x x
x√3
C
135 Since the distance between the two parallel chords is
greater than the radius, so the chords will be lying on the
opposite sides of the centre.
π N S
Therefore, < π ⇒k >1
k C1 C2
P
2π
And < π ⇒k > 2 R Q
k
Since NQ an RS are tangents, so we have
Thus you can conclude that choices (a) and (b) are out of
consideration. ∠C1NQ = ∠CNQ = ∠C 2SR = ∠CSR
= ∠C1RS = ∠C 2QN = 90°
A M B
And, C1N = C1R = C 2S = C 2Q = 1
And, C1 P = C 2 P = 3
O ∴ PN = PR = PS = PQ = 32 − 12 = 8
Now, look at the following figure.
C D
N C

M
In the given figure,
π N
∠AOB =
k P
2π C1 C2
and ∠COD = .
k
Q
Now, if you consider choice (c), that is k = 3, then
π Now, let’s draw a line C 2M parallel to NQ, then
∠AOB = = 60°
k ∠C 2MC = 90°
2π Therefore, MN = C 2Q = 1.
and ∠COD = = 120°
k Let r be the radius of circle C, then
Therefore ∠AOB = ∠OAB = ∠OBA = 60° , so OM = 3 MC 2 = (CC 2 )2 − (CM )2

Page 244 of 277

712 QUANTUM CAT
⇒ 2 8 = (r + 1)2 − (r − 1)2 ⇒ r = 8 140 Triangle OAB is an equilateral triangle. Now consider the
centre P of the smaller circle and join PM , PN and MN.
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
Thus we see that the area of triangle OAB is divided into
NOTE MC2 = NQ = NP + NQ = 8 + 8 = 2 8 four equal parts.
And, CC 2 = CS + SC 2 = r + 1
Similarly, CM = CN − MN = r − 1
137 Since P , Q , S and R are concyclic, we have ∠P = ∠R and
∠Q = ∠S.
O
Also, ∠P = ∠S and ∠Q = ∠R, as PQ || RS.
It implies that ∠P = ∠Q = ∠R = ∠S.
M N
Now, ∠P = ∠Q = ∠O = 180°
But, since PQ > OP , we have ∠P = ∠Q < ∠O.
∴ ∠P + ∠Q + ∠O = 180° A P B
⇒ 2(∠P ) + ∠O = 180°
⇒ 2(∠P ) + ∠P < 180°
⇒ 3(∠P ) < 180° 1
The area of sector PMN = π (6)2 = 6π sq. cm
⇒ ∠P < 60° ⇒ ∠P ≤ 59° 6
Hence choice (c) is the correct one. Area of ∆AMP = Area of
138 Since BR and QR are the two tangents from a common 3
∆PNB = (6)2 = 9 3 sq. cm
point R to the same circle, therefore BR = QR 4
Now, since OB and OQ are the two radii of the same Total shaded area
circle, therefore = 6π + 2(9 3) = 6(π + 3 3) sq. cm
OB = OQ Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
Thus, the quadrilateral OBRQ is a kite. 141 First of all join A to F. Now, you A
∴ ∠BOQ = 2(∠BOR ) = 2y (say) can see ∠AFB = 90°, as its an angle
further, ∠BOQ = 2(∠BAQ ) = 2y in a semicircle. That means AF is
⇒ ∠BOR = ∠BAQ perpendicular on BC . But, since
AB = AC , therefore AF will bisect D
It implies that OR || AQ
BC. That is E
A 2 2
P C
BF = CF = = 2 cm. B F
y 2
Now, ∆AEB is also a right angle triangle as ∠AEB = 90°.
O y And, thus ∆DEB and ∆EAB are similar. Therefore,
y Q
y BE AB
x =
BD BE
xx x
⇒ BE 2 = (BD )( AB )
B R S C
But since ∆AFB and ∆CDB are similar. Therefore, we have
That means ∠ORB = ∠ASB = ∠QSR = x (say)
Then, ∠RQS = ∠ORQ = ∠ORB = x
BD BF
∴ ∠RQS = ∠QSR = x =
BC AB
It implies that RQ = RS. Even BR = RQ , therefore BR = RS
 BC 
Hence choice (b) is the correct one.  
BD  2 
⇒ =
139 Since AB is parallel to CD , so we have BC AB
OP OQ 8
= = ⇒ BC 2 = 2(BD )( AB )
OS OC 17
From eqs. (i) and (ii), we have
But, OR = OC = 17
OQ 8 BC 2 = 2BE 2
It implies that =
OR 17 BC 2 (2 2)2
OC OQ 8 ⇒ BE 2 = = =4
But, we have = = 2 2
OT OR 17 ⇒ BE = 2 cm
Hence choice (d) is the correct one. Hence choice (a) is the correct one.

Page 245 of 277

Geometry 713

142 Consider the following figure (i) in which let us assume O B

A
that the radius is r. That is OB = OD = r, where O is the
centre of the circle. As the chords AB and CD are parallel so P Q
the line passing through the centre of the circle will be
perpendicular bisector of these chords. That is AS = SB = 6 M N
and CT = TD = 12 and ∠OSB = 90° and ∠OTD = 90°.

A S B
6
D C
As DA and DN are the common tangents to the same
O circle, so DA = DN = 4 cm. Similarly, CB = CM = 4 cm.
12
Further, PA and PM are the common tangents to the same
C
T D circle, so PA = PM = x cm. Similarly, BQ = NQ = x cm.
Now, DQ 2 = DC 2 + CQ 2
or (DN + NQ ) 2 = DC 2 + (BC − BQ )2
Now, using Pythagoras theorem in ∆OSB, we have
OB 2 = OS 2 + SB 2 or (4 + x )2 = 42 + (4 − x )2

⇒ r2 = x 2 + 6 2 …(i) or x = 1 cm.
It implies, AP = BQ = 1 cm and DP = CQ = 3 cm.
Similarly, using Pythagoras theorem in ∆OTD, we have
1
OD 2 = OT 2 + TD 2 Now, the area of ∆DRC = area of rectangle PQCD
4
⇒ r2 = (18 − x )2 + 122 …(ii) 1
= (4 × 3) = 3 sq. cm.
Now, comparing the eq. (i) and eq. (ii), we get 4
x 2 + 62 = (18 − x )2 + 122 Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
⇒ x = 12 Alternatively Go through options.

⇒ OS = 12 Choice (d): If area of triangle DRC = 5, then area of

rectangle PQCD = 4 × 5 = 20 sq cm. Since area of rectangle
and OT = 18 − 12 = 6
PQCD is greater than the area of square ABCD, so it’s an
Now, substituting the value of x in eq. (i) or eq. (ii), we invalid choice.
get the radius of the circle r = 6 5
Choice (a) : If area of triangle DRC = 3, then area of
ST
Now, look at the figure (ii) in which SM = MT = = 9. rectangle PQCD = 4 × 3 = 12 sq cm. It implies that
2 CQ = 3 cm and BQ = 1 cm.
∴ OM = OS − SM = 12 − 9 = 3 Now, since BQ = NQ = 1 cm, therefore
Then by using Pythagoras theorem in ∆OMQ, DQ = DN + NQ = 5 cm as DN = AD = 4 cm.
we get MQ = OQ 2 − OM 2 As, DQ 2 = DC 2 + CQ 2, therefore the presumed choice (a)
⇒ MQ = (6 5)2 + 32 ⇒ MQ = 3 21 is valid one. However, when you consider the values of
choices (b) and (c), the pythagorean relation between
∴ PQ = 6 21 DC , QC and DQ can’t be satisfied.
A B 144 First of all drop a perpendicular MQ on A M B
S CD. Now, join PQ, then PQ will be
M Q
P perpendicular to MC, as angle MPQ is
an angle in a semicircle.
O
Since QC = 40 mm and MQ = 80 mm P
C D ∴ MC = 40 5 mm
T
Now, using the similarity of triangles D Q C
in ∆MPQ and MQC, we get
That is a = 6 21 MP MQ
=
Therefore, a = 756 MQ MC
MP 80
Hence choice (b) is the correct one. ⇒ = ⇒ MP = 32 5
80 40 5
143 Since, CP and DQ are tangents to the circle, so if O is the
centre of the semi circle, then the two radii OM and ON will PC = MC − MP = 40 5 − 32 5
be perpendicular to CP and DQ, respectively, as shown in = (40 − 32) 5 = 8 5
the diagram. Hence choice (a) is the correct answer.

Page 246 of 277

714 QUANTUM CAT
Alternatively In the following figure, you can use the Further, since AP = AQ ,
‘‘power of a point theorem’’ as shown below ∴ ∠APQ = ∠AQP = 60°
MC × PC = QC 2 Now, since ∠APQ = ∠AQP = ∠PAQ = 60°, therefore
⇒ 40 5 × PC = 402 ⇒ PC = 8 5 triangle PAQ is an equilateral triangle.
A M B M (There are many ways to prove that AP = AQ . One
approach is to observe that there is an obvious
symmetricity. And the other approach is to prove that
BP = CQ by applying Power of a Point theorem; since
BD = DC and AB = AC therefore BP = CQ .)
P P Now, the side of the equilateral triangle PAQ is 6 6 cm.
(To know that how you can find the side of triangle PAQ
D Q C Q C
please refer the HINT at the end of the solution.)
145 In the following figure, ∠BAD = ∠DAC = 30° and Now, the area of triangle PAQ = 54 3
∠ABD = ∠ACD = 60°. 3
(∆PAQ = × (6 6 )2 = 54 3
Now, using 30-60-90 degree theorem (or Pythagoras 4
theorem) in ∆ADC we have DC = 10 cm and AC = 20 cm 1
A
or ∆PAQ = × 6 6 × 9 2 = 54 3)
2
Now, consider the figure (iii), in which the area of
common (or unshaded) region
= area of (∆AOP + ∆AOQ ) + area of the sector POQD
2 1
P Q = of area of triangle APQ + of area of the circle
3 3
B D C 2 1
= × 54 3 + × 72π = 36 3 + 24π
Now, using Power of a point theorem in the above figure, 3 3
we have AC × QC = DC 2 A
⇒ 20 × QC = 102 ⇒ QC = 5 cm
Hence choice (d) is is the correct answer.
146 Consider the figure (i). Using the 30-60-90 degree theorem O
(or sine rule) in ∆ADC we get AD = 12 2, CD = 4 6 and Q
P
AC = 8 6.
Therefore, area of triangle ABC = 96 3 sq cm. B D C
Fig (iii)
3
(∆ABC = × (8 6 )2 = 96 3
4 Thus, total area of the shaded region
1 = [total area of the circle − total area of the unshaded (or
or ∆ABC = × 8 6 × 12 2 = 96 3)
2 common) region] + [total area of the triangle ABC − total
Now, since the radius of the circle area of the unshaded (or common) region]
1
= × AD = 6 2 cm = [72π − (36 3 + 24π )] + [ 96 3 − (36 3 + 24π )]
2 = 24(π + 3)
Therefore, area of the circle = π (6 2)2 = 72π Hence choice (a) is the correct answer.
A A Hint How to find the side of triangle PAQ ?
Method 1 : Consider the figure (iv), in A
which you can apply Power of Point
theorem, as shown below.
O
CA × CQ = CD 2
P Q P Q
⇒ 8 6 × CQ = (4 6 )2 Q
B D C B D C
Fig (i) Fig (ii) ⇒ CQ = 2 6 cm D C
∴ AQ = AC − QC Fig (iv)
Now, consider the figure (ii). In the ∆PAQ , ∠PAQ = 60°,
so ∠POQ = 120°, as both the angles are formed by the = 8 6 − 2 6 = 6 6 cm
same chord (PQ ) on the same side of PQ, whereas one is Method 2 : Consider the figure (v), in which you can
the inscribed angle and other one is the central angle. use 30-60-90 degree theorem (or cosine rule) and you
will get AP = AQ = PQ = 3(6 2) = 6 6 cm.

Page 247 of 277

Geometry 715

A = π (6 2)2 − 12(3 3 + 2π ) = 12(4π − 3 3)

And, the area of the shaded region in the triangle
O
= total area of the triangle ABC
− total area of the un-shaded region
P Q 3
= × (8 6 ) − 12(3 3 + 2π ) = 12(5 3 − 2π )
2
4
Fig (v)
Therefore, the total area of the shaded region
Method 3 : Consider the figure (vi), in which AO has = 12(4π − 3 3) + 12(5 3 − 2π )
been extended to S to meet PQ.
= 24(π + 3) sq cm
Since AO = 6 2, so OS = 3 2 and AS = 9 2
1
(In an equilateral triangle inradius is always half of the NOTE Radius of the circle = × AD
circumradius of the same triangle. Here, OS is inradius 2
and AO is circumradius of the triangle PAQ ) 1
=
× 12 2 = 6 2 cm
Now, using 30-60-90 degree theorem (or sine rule) you 2
will have AS = 9 2, SQ = 3 6 and AQ = 6 6 cm. Now, since OA = OP = OQ = 6 2, therefore by using
A cosine rule or 30-30-120 degree theorem in triangles AOP
or AOQ or POQ, we would have
AP = AQ = PQ = 3(6 2) = 6 6 cm
O Otherwise, using Power of Point theorem, we would have
CA × CQ = CD 2
P Q
S And, in triangle ADC, using 30-60-90 degree theorem (or
Fig. (vi) sine rule) we would have
12 2
Alternatively In the following figure, connect the AD = 12 2, CD = =4 6
3
centre O with P , Q and A.
and AC = 8 6
Here, ∠BAC = ∠PAQ = 60° and AP = AQ
Therefore, ∠APQ = ∠AQP = 60°. 147 First of all, extend BC to a point D on the larger circle and
then join A with D and O with C. Now, since AB is the
That is, ∆APQ is equilateral triangle. It implies that
diamet er of the larger circle, so ∆ADB is a right angle
AP = AQ = PQ . triangle and since BC is the tangent and OC is the radius of
Now, since OA = OP = OQ ; ∆AOP , ∆AOQ and ∆POQ are the smaller triangle, so ∆OCB is a right angle triangle.
congruent.
Thus we have, ∠AOP = ∠AOQ = ∠POQ = 120° A
A A A
O

D C B
O O
P Q P Q P Q Therefore, using Pythagoras theorem, you can have
B D C B D C B D C BC = OB 2 − OC 2
Fig (i) Fig (ii) Fig (iii)
= 292 − 212 = 20 cm
120
Now, area of the sector POQD = πr × 2
However, both the triangles are similar ones, where
360
1 2 1 OB BC OC 1
= πr = π (6 2) = 24π 2 = = =
3 3 AB BD AD 2
And the area of ∆AOP = ∆AOQ = ∆POQ ∴ AB = 58, AD = 42, BD = 40 and CD = 20 cm
1 1 3 Now, join AC, which will act as the hypotenuse of the
= (∆PAQ ) = × × (6 6 )2 = 18 3 right angle triangle ADC.
3 3 4
Therefore, by applying Pythagoras theorem in ∆ADC, you
Therefore, area of the total unshaded region
can have
= area of (∆AOP + ∆AOQ ) + area of the sector POQD
AC = AD 2 + CD 2 = 422 + 202
= 2 × (18 3) + 24π = 12(3 3 + 2π )
Now, the area of the shaded region in the circle = 2 541 = 46. 52 cm
= total area of the circle − total area of the unshaded region Hence choice (b) is the correct answer.

Page 248 of 277

716 QUANTUM CAT
Alternatively First of all join OC, which is the median = 2( r1r3 + r2r3 ) …(i)
of ∆ABC, as AO = BO . Also, ∆OCB is a right angle
triangle.
Therefore, using Pythagoras theorem, you can have
BC = OB 2 − OC 2 C1

= 29 − 21 = 20 cm
2 2
C2

C3
A D E
O A B C
Fig (i)

B Now, in the following figure (ii),

C
FC 2 = (C1C 2 )2 − (FC1 )2
Now, using Apollonius theorem in ∆ABC, you can have ⇒ x + y = (r1 + r2 )2 − (r1 − r2 )2
  AB  
2
AC 2 + BC 2 = 2 OC 2 +    ⇒ x + y = 2 r1r2 …(ii)
  2 

⇒ AC 2 + 202 = 2(212 + 292 )

⇒ AC 2 = 2164
⇒ AC = 46. 52 cm C1

148 The best way is to go through the options considering the C2

fact that the maximum area of the circle is πr2. F
Choice (a) : Since 4r2 > πr2, which is impossible, so this C3

choice is invalid.
A B C
Choice (b) : Since d has no direct relationship with r, Fig (ii)
the radius of the circle, so d is interminable. Therefore we
can not give the answer in terms of d alone. So, this Now, comparing the equations (i) and (ii), we get
choice is also an invalid one. 2( r1r3 + r2r3 ) = 2 r1r2
Choice (c) : If r = d, minimum area of the square = r3. r1r3 rr
For r > 2, 2r2 < r3, which means maximum area is less ⇒ + 2 3 =1
r1r2 r1r2
than the minimum area.
r3 r3
So, it is again an invalid choice. Essentially, the maximum ⇒ + =1
area can be obtained only when the quadrilateral is a r2 r1
square and the minimum area can be obtained only when 1 1 1
the quadrilateral is a square and the minimum area can ⇒ + =
r2 r1 r3
be obtained only when the quadrilateral is a kite with its
longer diagonal equal to the diameter of the circle and Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
the smaller diagonal equal to 2r r2 − d 2 . 150 Draw a line KB making it collinear with BC, such that K falls
on PM. Looking at the information we can say that and
Hence choice (d) is the correct answer.
PK = PM − KM and KB = KE − BE , PK 2 + KB 2 = PB 2
149 Consider the following figure. Let C1, C 2 and C 3 be the
centres of these circles, as shown in the figure. Let
AB = DC 3 = x
Q
Therefore, DC 3 = (C1C 3 )2 − (DC1 )2 P
O
⇒ x = (r1 + r3 )2 − (r1 − r3 )2 K
B C
E
⇒ x = 2 r1r3 M A D N
Now, let BC = C 3E = y 2
 x
Therefore, C 3E = (C 2C 3 )2 − (C 2E )2 ⇒ (r − x )2 +  r −  = r2
 2
⇒ y = (r2 + r3 )2 − (r2 − r3 )2 ⇒ y = 2 r2r3 ⇒ 5x 2 − 12rx + 4r2 = 0 ⇒ x = 0. 4 r
Thus, AC = x + y = 2 r1r3 + 2 r2r3 Hence choice (d) is the correct one.

Page 249 of 277

Geometry 717

151 The radius of circle A = 1 cm, so its curvature =

1
=1 ∴ (−1 + 2 + 2 + c)2 = 2((−1)2 + 22 + 22 + c2 )
1 ⇒ (3 + c)2 = 2(9 + c2 )
1 1
The radius of circle B = cm, so its curvature = = 1 ⇒ c2 + 6c + 9 = 0
1 1
1 1 ⇒ (c − 3)2 = 0 ⇒ c = 3
The radius of circle C = cm, so its curvature = = 1
1 1 1
∴ Radius of circle C = cm
Now, using Descartes’ circle equation theorem you will have 3
(a + b + c + d )2 = 2(a2 + b2 + c2 + d 2 ) So the curvature of the circle C = 3.
⇒ (1 + 1 + 1 + d )2 = 2(12 + 12 + 12 + d 2 ) Now, consider the fig (ii), in which all the four circles are
tangent to each other.
⇒ (3 + d )2 = 2(3 + d 2 )
⇒ d 2 − 6d − 3 = 0 ⇒ d = 3 + 2 3
D C
1
∴ Radius of circle D = cm
3+ 2 3
Hence choice (a) is the correct one. A P

Hint : To know how to obtain the value of d please refer

Quadratic Equations in Quantum CAT.
1
152 The radius of circle A = 1 cm, so its curvature = = 1 Fig (ii)
1
1 1 Now, using Descartes’ circle equation theorem you will have
The radius of circle B = cm, so its curvature = =2
2  1 (− p + a + c + d )2 = 2((− p)2 + a2 + c2 + d 2 )
 
 2 ∴ (−1 + 2 + 3 + d )2 = 2((−1)2 + 22 + 32 + d 2 )
1 1 ⇒ (4 + d )2 = 2(14 + d 2 )
The radius of circle C = cm, so its curvature = =2
2  1
  ⇒ d 2 − 8d + 12 = 0 ⇒ d = 6 or 2
 2
1 1 1
Now, using Descartes’ circle equation theorem you will have ∴ Radius of circle D = cm or cm. But, since cm is
6 2 2
(a + b + c + d )2 = 2((− a)2 + b2 + c2 + d 2 ) 1
the radius of circle A, so it has to be less than ,
∴ (−1 + 2 + 2 + d )2 = 2((−1)2 + 22 + 22 + d 2 ) 2
1
⇒ (3 + d )2 = 2(9 + d 2 ) ⇒ d 2 + 6d + 9 = 0 therefore, the required radius of circle D = cm.
6
⇒ (d − 3)2 = 0 ⇒ d = 3 Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
1
∴ Radius of circle D = cm 154 From the statement given in the problem it is obvious that
3 all the four circles are tangent to each other. Then, without
Hence choice (b) is the correct one. any doubt, you can apply Descartes’ circle theorem in order
1 to get the radius of the circle.
153 The radius of circle P = 1 cm, so its curvature = =1
1 Let a, b and c be the curvatures of the existing circles and
1 1 d be the curvature of fourth circle, then
The radius of circle A = cm, so its curvature = = 2
2 1 (a + b + c + d )2 = 2(a2 + b2 + c2 + d 2 )
2 2   1  1 2  1 2 
1 1 1 
∴  + + + d = 2    +   +   + d 
1 1 2
The radius of circle B = cm, so its curvature = = 2 1 2 3    1  2  3 
2 1
2
Now, using Descartes’s circle equation theorem you will have
A
(− p + a + b + c)2 = 2((− p)2 + a2 + b2 + c2 ) A
B
B
C C
C

A B
2
 11   49 
⇒  + d = 2  + d 2
 6   36 
Fig (i)
⇒ 36d 2 − 132d − 23 = 0

Page 250 of 277

718 QUANTUM CAT
1 23 (Since the circle is circumscribing, that’s why minus sign
⇒ d=− or
6 6 is applied)
The minus sign indicates that the circle is externally And, let radius of the circles of diameter AB be r2, then
tangent. 1
6 r2 = cm
∴ Radius of circle D = 6 cm or cm. 6
23 So the curvature of the concerned circle AB = 6
Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
And, let radius of the circle of diameter BC be r3, then
155 First of all, complete all the semicircles as shown in the 1
following figure. Now, since all the four circles are tangent r3 = cm
3
to each other, so you can apply the Descartes’ circle
theorem in order to get the radius of the desired circle. So the curvature of the concerned circle BC = 3
Let a, b and c be the curvatures of the semicircles and d be
the curvature of desired circle, then
(a + b + c + d )2 = 2(a2 + b2 + c2 + d 2 )
A B C That is
(−2 + 6 + 3 + d )2 = 2((−2)2 + 62 + 32 + d 2 )
⇒ (7 + d )2 = 2(49 + d 2 )
⇒ d 2 + 14d + 49 = 0
Let radius of the circle of diameter AC be r1,
⇒ d =7
1
then r1 = cm 1
2 ⇒ r4 = cm
7
So the curvature of the concerned circle a = − 2
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.

TEST OF LEARNING
1 Use cosine rule in the given triangle, ⇒ b + c > a ⇒| a − c| < b
a +b −c 2 2 2
⇒ a2 + c2 − 2ac < b2 …(ii)
cos C =
2ab ⇒ c + a > b ⇒| b − a| < c
π ( x 2 + x + 1)2 + ( x 2 − 1)2 − (2x + 1)2 ⇒ a2 + b2 − 2ab < c2 …(iii)
⇒ cos =
6 2( x 2 + x + 1)( x 2 − 1) From eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii)
3 2x 2 + 2x − 1 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) − 2(ab + bc + ca)
⇒ =
2 2( x 2 + x + 1) < (a2 + b2 + c2 )
⇒ x = (1 + 3), − (2 + 3) a2 + b2 + c2
Hence choice (d) is the answer. ⇒ <2
(ab + bc + ca)
2 The roots will be real when discriminant D ≥ 0. That is a2 + b2 + c2 2
⇒ < …(iv)
[ 2(a + b + c)] − 12λ (ab + bc + ac) ≥ 0
2
3(ab + bc + ca) 3
⇒ (a + b + c)2 ≥ 3λ (ab + bc + ac) a2 + b2 + c2 2
∴ λ≤ +
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) ≥ 3λ(ab + bc + ac) 3(ab + bc + ca) 3
a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) 2 2
⇒ ≥λ ⇒ λ< +
3(ab + bc + ca) 3 3
4
a2 + b2 + c2 2 ⇒ λ<
⇒ λ≤ + 3
3(ab + bc + ca) 3
Hence choice (a) is the answer.
Now, using the fundamental property of existence of a
triangle; the sum of any two sides of a triangle is always NOTE If a < 2 and b ≤ 2, a = b < 4 is correct and a + b ≤ 4 is wrong.
greater than the third side. So 3 As we know that, in a triangle the sum of the two sides is
a + b > c ⇒| c − b| < a always greater than the third side, so we have the following
⇒ b2 + c2 − 2bc < a2 …(i) 3 relations.

Page 251 of 277

Geometry 719

a + b > c ⇒ ac + bc > c2 a2 + b2 − c2
cos C =
b + c > a ⇒ ab + ac > a2 2ab
 a2 + b2 
c + a > b ⇒ bc + ab > b2 a2 + b2 −  
 5  2(a2 + b2 )
Adding the above 3 inequations, we get = =
2ab 5ab
2(ab + bc + ca) > a2 + b2 + c2
As a and b both are positive, so 0 < cos C < 1
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 < 2(ab + bc + ca)
2(a2 + b2 )
a2 + b2 + c2 ∴ < 1 ⇒ 2a2 − 5ab + 2b2 < 0
⇒ <2 5ab
ab + bc + ca Now, for a moment assuming the above inequality as the
Now, we know that the lengths of each side of triangle are equality and then solving the quadratic equation in b, we
always real numbers and if ab and c are real numbers then a a
get b = , 2a. That is < b < 2a is the requisite condition for
(a − b)2 + (b − c)2 + (c − a)2 ≥ 0 2 2
the triangle’s existence. Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
⇒ 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) − 2(ab + bc + ca) ≥ 0
Alternatively Let us consider AP = 6, BP = 8, AB = 10,
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ ab + bc + ca as ∆APB is a right angle triangle. Since, AA′ and BB′ are
a2 + b2 + c2 medians intersecting at P, so A′P = 3 and B′P = 4.
⇒ ≥1
ab + bc + ca Now, AB′ = AP 2 + B′P 2 = 52
a2 + b2 + c2 BA′ = BP 2 + A′P 2 = 73
Therefore, we can conclude that 1 ≤ < 2. and
(ab + bc + ca)
∴ b = AC = 2 52 and a = BC = 2 73
⇒ 1 ≤ k < 2.
and c = AB = 10
Hence choice (a) is correct.
Option (a) : a2 + b2 = 4(52) + 4(73)
4 Since medians intersect each other in the ratio of 1 : 2,
= 4(52 + 73) = 500 = 5(100) = 5c2.
therefore B′P = n, PB = 2n and A′P = m, PA = 2m.
a
C Option (b) : = 73, 2a = 4 73, b = 2 52. It shows that
2
a
< b < 2a. Therefore option (b) is also correct.
2
Hence option (d) is valid.
A′ 5 Q AM ≥ GM
B′
z z
+
n P m x y  z  z
≥    
2  x  y
b/2 a/2
z z  z  z
2m 2n + ≥2    
x y  x  y

A B z z z2
c + ≥2
2
x y xy
 a a2
In ∆A′PB, m2 + (2n)2 =   ⇒ m2 + 4n2 = z z x2 + y2
 2 4 + ≥2
x y xy
In ∆B′PA, n2 = (2m)2
2 z z x y
 b b2 + ≥2 +
  ⇒ n + 4m =
2 2
x y y x
 2 4
z z  y x 
(a2 + b2 ) + ≥2 2 Q  x + y  ≥ 2
∴ 5(m2 + n2 ) = x y
4  
Now, in ∆APB, (2m)2 + (2n)2 = c2 Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
⇒ 4(m + n ) = c
2 2 2
6 Since BD is a median, so AD = DC . Let us say
a2 + b2 AD = DC = 1, and ∠BAC = z °. Further, let us assume that
∴ c2 = 4(m2 + n2 ) = ∠DBC = y °, therefore ∠DCB + ∠DBC = x + y = 135°. It
5
implies that ∠ABC = 135°. Then it is obvious that
⇒ 5c2 = a2 + b2
∆ABC ~ ∆ADB.
Now, using the cosine rule in ∆ABC, we have

Page 252 of 277

720 QUANTUM CAT
That is
AC
=
AB Alternatively Extend CB to E such that ∆AEB is a right
AB AD angle triangle and AC is its hypotenuse, then
⇒
2
=
AB
⇒ AB = 2 AD = ED = DC , as AD, ED, DC will acts as the radii of the
AB 1 circle, say it is r. In ∆DBC, we have x + y = 135°,
B therefore in ∆ABC we have ∠ABC = 135°. It implies that
y° ∠EBA = 45°.
x°
E
z° 135° 45° x°
A C
D
B
45°
Now, we know that a median divide that total area of a x° y°
triangle in two equal parts, therefore, ∆ABD = ∆DBC 45° 45° x°
A C
Let us drop a perpendicular h on AB from D in ∆ABD and D
a perpendicular p on DC from B in ∆BDC. Then we have, Thus we see that in right angle ∆EBA we have
∆ABD = ∆DBC ∠AEB = 90°, ∠EBA = 45° and ∠EAB = 45°.
1 1 Therefore, AE = EB = r.
⇒ × AB × h = × CD × p ⇒ 2h = p
2 2
Alternatively Since ∠BCD = ∠DBA, therefore we can
B
conclude that the angles in the alternate segment are
N x° same. It implies that AB is a tangent to a circle that
p
passes through the points D, B and C.
z° h 45° x°
A C B
D M
x°
As we see that in a right angle triangle ∆BMD, the z° 45° x° C
hypotenuse BD = 2h = 2ND, therefore from 30-60-90 A D
degree theorem ∠NBD = 30°. That is x = 30°.
Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
Alternatively Extend CB to E such that ∆AEC is a right
angle triangle and AC is its hypotenuse, then Therefore, AC × AD = AB 2. That is 2AD × AD = AB 2.
AD = ED = DC , as AD, ED, DC will act as the radii of the ⇒ AB = 2AD
circle, say it is r.
Now the rest of the solution can be taken from any of the
Now, as ∠EBD is the external angle of ∆DBC, so previous solutions to the same problem.
∠EBD = (45 + x )°
But, ∠EBD = ∠EBA + ∠ABD 7 Applying 36°-72°-36° theorem, in triangle JFM, we have
⇒ 45 + x = ∠ EBA + x ⇒ ∠EBA = 45° FM 1 + 5
= .
Now, since in ∆AEB, ∠AEB = 90° and ∠EBA = 45°, FJ 2
therefore ∠EAB = 45°. Since each side of the pentagon FGHIJ is 2 cm, therefore
That is ∆AEB is an isosceles right angled triangle. It each side of the pentagon FKLMN would be 1 + 5 cm.
implies that EA = EB. 1+ 5
We know that KR = FR = FG + GR = FG + FG. That
Let us assume EA = EB = p ⇒ AB = 2p 2
E KR 3 + 5
is = .
FG 2
Since each side of the pentagon FGHIJ is 2 cm, therefore
B
each side of the pentagon KOPQR would be 3 + 5 cm.
x° y°
z° 45° x° D
A C
D
Now, since ∆ABC is similar to ∆ADB, therefore
AC AB 2r 2p
= ⇒ = E
O P
C
AB AD 2p r
⇒ r= p L
∴ AE = EB = ED = AD = DC = r M K Q
N F G
That is in right angle triangle ∆AEC, we have AC = 2AE .
R
Therefore in ∆AEC by 30-60-90 degree theorem, J H
I
∠ECA = 30° ⇒ x = 30°
A B

Page 253 of 277

Geometry 721

Therefore, total shaded area and PQ = QN 2 + NP 2

1  1 
= 5  ( 5(5 + 2 5)) 22 + 5  ( 5(5 + 2 5))(1 + 5)2 ⇒ PQ = (2x )2 + (4 x )2 = 2x 5
4  4 
∴ KM = x ⇒ OP = 6 x
 1 
+  ( 5(5 + 2 5)) (3 + 5)2 ⇒ AB = 24 x = 12
4 
1
1 ⇒ x=
= ( 5(5 + 2 5))[ 20 + (30 + 10 5) + (14 + 6 5)] 2
4
1
= ( 5(5 + 2 5 )(16 + 4 5) cm 2 ∴ PQ = 2 × × 5 = 5
2
Hence choice (a) is the correct one. 5a
Thus when AB = 12, PQ = 5, so when AB = a, PQ =
8 Given that AB = BC = CD = DA = a 12
Let us consider a = 12 cm. There are 8 internal angles in the octagon, such that
Now in triangle HAB and PGB, ∠P = ∠R = ∠T = ∠V and ∠Q = ∠S = ∠U = ∠W . That is
half of the internal angles are same of one value and rest
AH PG 1
= = half are of another value. So it’s not an equiangular
AB GB 2 octagon, so it’s not a regular octagon too.
∴ AH = AG = GB = 6 and PG = 3 However, each side of the octagon is same, so it’s an
Similarly, in triangle DAG and DHR, equilateral octagon.
AG HR 1 Thus statements (ii) and (iv) are correct.
= =
AD HD 2 Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
∴ AG = AH = DH = 6 and HR = 3 Alternatively Using the coordinate geometry to find
D E C D C the answer.
Let the coordinate of point A, B, C , D be
T x
S U (0, 0), (a, 0), (a, a)(0, a) respectively, then AF is y =
2
x 2y
H R V F H R and BH is + = 1.
Q a a
Q W P  a a
I Therefore P is  
P O  2, 4
B B 2x y
A G A J G Similarly, DG is + =1
a a
Therefore, RO = OP = 3  a a
Equating BH and DG we get the coordinates of Q =  
Now, in triangle HIP and ROP,  3, 3
HI KO 1
= = a a
2
 a a 5a
2
IP OP 2 ∴ PQ =  −  + −  =
2 3  4 3 12
∴ OP = 3, OK = 1. 5, KR = 1. 5
Similarly, in triangle GJR and POR, Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
GJ OL 1 9 Considering the given conditions, the best you can do is
= =
JR OR 2 assume an equilateral triangle, say of each side 2 3. Then,
∴ OR = 3, OL = 1. 5, LP = 1. 5 from the following figure, QS = SR = 3 and PS = 3, PO = 2,
R OS = 1 and ST = 1.
P

K
O
M Q
S
Q R
O N L P T
Now, if we assume KM = x, then MQ = 2x 1 1 2
But MQ = QN = 2x (i) + <
PS ST QS × SR
∴ NP = 4 x and LP = 3x, as NL = KM = x 4 2
But NL = KM = x ⇒ < . That is invalid.
3 3

Page 254 of 277

722 QUANTUM CAT
1 1 2 = DA 2 + DB 2 + DC 2 + DQ 2
(ii) + >
PS ST QS × SR = 4 + 8 + 4 + 0 = 16
4 2
⇒ > . That is valid. A B
3 3
1 1 4
(iii) + <
PS ST QR
4 2 3
⇒ < . That is invalid.
3 3 D P C
1 1 4
(iv) + > PA 2 + PB 2 + PC 2 + PD 2 12
PS ST QR ∴ = = 0.75
QA 2 + QB 2 + QC 2 + QD 2 16
4 2 3
⇒ > . That is valid. Hence choice (a) is the answer.
3 3
Hint You must be wondering that why I have chosen P
Hence choice (b) is the answer.
and Q at these places. If you are smart enough, you can
Alternatively figure it out, from the question, that the answer would
Applying the theorem, you will get, PS × ST = QS × SR not change it you change the locations of P and Q. That’s
1 1 why, for our convenience, I have chosen P on C1 such that
Now, apply the principle of AM ≥ GM with + as I can measure PA, PB, PC , PD easily and for the same
PS ST
shown below. reason I have chosen Q on C 2.
1 1 11 When you shift Z to P , D will shift to Y, which makes
+
PS ST ≥ 1 + 1 XD = XY. Simultaneously, C will shift to X, which makes
2 PS ST CY = XY. Therefore DX = CY. Now, when you shift Z to B, D
1 1 2 will shift to A, which makes XD = AX . Simultaneously, C
⇒ + ≥
PS ST QS × SR will shift to B, which makes CY = BY. But, we know that
AX = BX < BY, so XD < CY.
QS + SR
Similarly, ≥ QS × SR It implies that XD ≤ CY.
2
QR Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
⇒ ≥ QS × SR
2 12 Look at the following figures. First of all, consider the
1 2 figure (ii), in which the radius of the circle inscribed in the
⇒ ≥  1 1 1
QS × SR QR shaded region is  −  = cm.
 3 4 12
1 1 4
⇒ + ≥ Now, consider the fig (iii) and find the radius of the
PS ST QR
second circle in the shaded region. It can be done using
Therefore, you will have the Descartes’ circle theorem.
1 1 2
+ ≥ Let a, b and c be the curvatures of the existing circles and
PS ST QS × SR d be the curvature of desired circle, then
1 1 4 (a + b + c + d )2 = 2(a2 + b2 + c2 + d 2 )
and + ≥
PS ST QR That is (−3 + 4 + 12 + d )2 = 2((−3)2 + 42 + 122 + d 2 )
But since S is not at the centre, so PS ≠ ST and QS ≠ SR , ⇒ (13 + d )2 = 2(169 + d 2 )
so you will have the strict inequality, as following.
1 1 2 ⇒ d 2 − 26d + 169 = 0
+ >
PS ST QS × SR 1
⇒ d = 13 ⇒ r4 = cm
1 1 4 13
and + > Using the same approach you can find the curvature of
PS ST QR
other new circles as shown in fig (iv).
Hence choice (b) is the answer.
10 Consider P at the mid-point of CD which will also lie on C1,
then
PA 2 + PB 2 + PC 2 + PD 2
= 5 + 5 + 1 + 1 = 12
Now consider Q at D (Q coinciding with D), which will
Fig. (i) Fig. (ii) Fig. (iii)
also lie on C 2, then QA 2 + QB 2 + QC 2 + QD 2

Page 255 of 277

Geometry 723

a
Alternatively If a circle C1 is unit away from Y-axis
b
1
and its corresponding diameter is 2 and the other circle
b
c
C 2 is unit away from Y-axis and its corresponding
d
Fig. (iv) Fig. (v) Fig. (vi) 1
diameter is 2 and these two circles are tangent to each
d
Let a, b and d be the curvatures of the existing circles and
other and have X-axis as their common tangent, the third
e be the curvature of desired circle, then
circle C 3 will be tangent to the two circles C1 and C 2 and
(a + b + d + e)2 = 2(a2 + b2 + d 2 + e2 ) a+ b
tangent to X-axis when it is unit away from Y-axis
That is c+ d
(−3 + 4 + 13 + e)2 = 2((−3)2 + 42 + 132 + e2 ) 1
and its diameter would be .
⇒ (14 + e)2 = 2(194 + e2 ) (c + d )2
⇒ e2 − 28e + 192 = 0 ⇒ e = 16
(Since e = 12 is not a possible value, as it is less than the
value of the previous circle. Do you remember that the
smaller circle has greater curvature?)
Now, consider the other figures (v) and (vi). Use the
same approach as above, and you will find the other
curvatures as 21 and 28.
Thus, you can see that the curvatures of these circles are
as follows a a +c c
— —— —
12, 13, 16, 21 and 28. b b+d b
Looking at the pattern you can find the values of all the 2 + 3 5 35
curvatures, as given below Therefore, the required answer would be = =
5 + 7 12 84
12, 13, 16, 21, 28, 37, 48, 61, 76, 93, 112, 133 and 156.
Hence choice (d) is the correct one.
Out of the above 13 curvatures, except the first one (that
Alternatively
is 12) all other curvatures repeat twice due to
symmetricity. Join the lines as shown in the diagram. Let us consider
Therefore, total sum of all the 25 curvatures the radius of C1, C 2 and C 3 be r1, r2 and r3, respectively.
= 12 + 2(13 + 16 + … + 156) Now, we have BQ = AB 2 − AQ 2
= 12 + 2(794) = 1600
⇒ BQ = (r1 + r2 )2 − (r1 − r2 )2
Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
2 2
2  1 1  1 1
13 Given that the point of tangent of C1 is cm (or 0.4 cm) ⇒ BQ =  +  − − 
5  50 98  50 98
3
away from Y-axis and the point of tangent of C 2 is cm (or 1
7 ⇒ BQ =
35
0.4284 cm) away from the Y-axis, so the point of tangent of
2 3 Again, BQ = RS = RC + CS
C 3 must be somewhere between and (or 0.4 cm and
5 7 = (r1 + r3 )2 − (r1 − r3 )2
0.4288 cm) away from the Y-axis.
26 + (r2 + r3 )2 − (r2 − r3 )2
Choice (a) : = 0.7428 cm, which is more than
35
0.4284 cm
57
Choice (b) : = 0. 3958 cm, which is less than 0.4 cm
144
17 A
Choice (c) : = 0. 4722 cm, which is more than
36
0.4284 cm Q B
35
Choice (d) : = 0. 4167 cm, which is between 0.4 cm R
C
S
84
and 0.4284 cm O M N P
Hence choice (d) is the correct one. ⇒ BQ = 2 r1r3 + 2 r2r3

Page 256 of 277

724 QUANTUM CAT
⇒ BQ = 2( r1r3 + r2r3 ) Now, we have, ON = OX − NX = ( p + q) − n
1  1 r3 1 r3  And, OS = OB + BS = (OC − BC ) + BS
⇒ = 2 + 
35 5 2 7 2 = ( p + q − 2q) + n = p − q + n
1 24 r3 Again, SN 2 = ON 2 − OS 2
⇒ =
35 35 2 ⇒ j2 = ( p + q − n)2 − ( p − q + n)2 …(iv)
1 pq
⇒ r3 = cm Now, solving eqs. (iii) and (iv) we get n =
288 p+ q
But, we know that 2pq
Thus, we see that m = n and m + n =
MN = RC = (r1 + r3 )2 − (r1 − r3 )2 p+ q

 1  1  1 Hence choice (c) is the correct one.

⇒ MN = RC = 2 r1r3 = 2     =
 50  288 60 15 The best way is to convert this general scenario into a
specific case by assuming an equilateral triangle where
Therefore, the required distance = ON = OM + MN
each of the three circles has same radius of 1 cm.
2 1
⇒ ON = + B
5 60
25 5 35
= = =
60 12 84
E
14 Given that AP = BP = p and BQ = CQ = q, therefore I G
PQ = p + q.
Since RB = MU = m, so we have PR = PB − RB = p − m. D
O
F
K
Also, PM = p + m
Let us consider MR = UB = h, we have A C
H
MR 2 = PM 2 − PR 2 Then we have DE = 2 and EK = 3. And therefore,
⇒ h 2 = ( p + m)2 − ( p − m)2 …(i) 2 1
EO = and OK = .
3 3
Now, we have,
OM = OW − MW = ( p + q) − m Also KH = 1.
And, RO = RB − OB = RB − (OC − BC ) Thus we have, inradius
1
= m − ( p + q − 2q) = m − p + q OI = OG = OH = 1 + .
3
Again, MR 2 = OM 2 − RO 2
Now, you can substitute the value of r1 = r2 = r3 = 1 in the
⇒ h 2 = ( p + q − m)2 − (m − p + q)2 …(ii) given options and you would see that
pq
Now, solving eqn. (i) and eqn. (ii) we get m = Choice (a) :
r1r2r3
=
1
p+ q r1 + r2 + r3 − 2 r1 + r2 + r3 3 − 2 3
W
It gives us a negative value, so it’s invalid.
U X 2 r1r2r3 2 2
M Choice (b) : = =
V r1 + r2 + r3 − 3 r1 + r2 + r3 3 − 3 0
N
It gives us an undefined value, so it’s invalid.
2 r1r2r3 2
Choice (c) : =
r1 + r2 + r3 − r1 + r2 + r3 3 − 3

A P R O B S Q C 2(3 + 3)
=
(3 − 3)(3 + 3)
2(3 + 3) 1
Similarly, we can find out n, as shown below. = =1 +
6 3
Let us consider SN = j, where NQ = q + n and
SQ = BQ − BS = q − n, we have SN 2 = NQ 2 − SQ 2 Hence choice (c) is the correct one.
⇒ j2 = (q + n)2 − (q − n)2 …(iii)

Page 257 of 277

CHAPTER 21

Co-ordinate
Geometry
It is one of those chapters which contributes least number of problems in CAT. Perhaps Chapter Checklist
this chapter is more or less algebraic instead of being logical, since most of the problems Cartesian Coordinate System
require formula to solve them. But some other MBA entrance exams ask the question Some Important Formulae
from this chapter. It is not fool proof but this chapter may be optional particularly for Condition of Collinearity
CAT aspirants who feel difficulty in algebraic problems. But it does not mean that this of Three Points
chapter is difficult or can not be learned. Important Results
Important Points in a
21.1 Cartesian Coordinate System Triangle
Shifting of Origin
Rectangular Co-ordinate Axes
Straight Line
Let X ′ OX and Y ′ OY be the two mutually perpendicular lines through any point O in the Equations of Lines Parallel to
plane of paper. The point O is called the origin. The line X ′ OX is called the X -axis and the Co-ordinate Axes
the line Y ′ OY is called the Y -axis. These two lines taken together are called the Different Standard Forms of
co-ordinate axes. the Equations of a Straight
y
Line
Reduction (or Transformation)
of the General Equation
x' x
O Point of Intersection of
Two Lines
y' Condition of Concurrency
of Three Lines
Cartesian Co-ordinate of a Point Angle Between Two Straight
Each axes is calibrated as a scale into several points which are equidistant from each Lines
other. Condition for Parallelism and
Perpendicularity of two lines
y Distance of a Point From a
Given Line or Length of
Perpendicular From the
x' x
O Point (x1, y1) to the
Straight Line ax+by+c=0
CAT Test
y'

Page 258 of 277

Co-ordinate Geometry 1195

The point O is assumed to be zero.

y
21.2 Some Important Formulae
4 Distance Formula
3 P
M The distance between two points P ( x1 , y1 ) and Q ( x 2 , y2 ) is
2
1
N given by PQ = ( x 2 − x1 ) 2 + ( y2 − y1 ) 2
x' x
–4 –3 –2 –1 O1 2 3 4
–1 Also, Distance of point ( x1 , y1 ) from origin = x12 + y12
–2
–3
–4
Section Formula
y'
If R ( x, y) divides the line segment joined by the points
P ( x1 , y1 ) and Q ( x 2 , y2 ) internally in the ratio m : n then
Let P be any point on the plane, then we draw a mx + nx1 my + ny1
perpendicular from P on the X -axis and another on the x= 2 , y= 2
m+n m+ n
Y -axis. Then the distance MP (which is parallel to the
X -axis) is called the x-coordinate or abscissa of point P. If R ( x, y) divides the line segment joined by the points
Similarly, the length PN (which is parallel to the Y -axis) is P ( x1 , y1 ) and Q ( x 2 , y2 ) externally in the ratio m : n, then
mx − nx1 my − ny1
called the y-coordinate or ordinate of point P. x= 2 , y= 2
m− n m−n
Then the position of the point P in the plane with respect to
the coordinate axes is represented by the ordered pair ( x, y). Area of Plane
The ordered pair ( x, y) is called the coordinates of point P.
Area of a Triangle
Quadrants
The area of a triangle ABC whose vertices are
In the adjacent figure the two axes intersect each other A ( x1 , y1 ), B ( x 2 , y2 ) and C ( x 3 , y3 ) is denoted by ∆.
perpendicular at point O. The regions XOY , X ′ OY , X ′ OY ′
x1 y1 1
and Y ′ OX are known as first, second, third and fourth 1
quadrant respectively. ∴ ∆ = x 2 y2 1
2
y x 3 y3 1
1
(II) (I) = [ x1 ( y2 − y3 ) + x 2 ( y3 − y1 ) + x 3 ( y1 − y2 )]
(–, +) (+, +)
2
x' x Area of a Polygon
O
(–, –) (+, –) The area of the polygon whose vertices are
(III) (IV) ( x1 , y1 ), ( x 2 , y2 ), ( x 3 , y3 ), ..., ( x n , yn ) is
1
y' ∆ = [( x1 y2 − x 2 y1 ) + ( x 2 y3 − x 3 y2 ) + ... + ( x n y1 − x1 yn )]
2
The nature of values of x and y in different quadrants is
different which is shown in figure also given below 21.3 Condition for Collinearity
Quadrant Sign of ( x, y ) of Three Points
I (+, +)
The three given points are collinear i.e., lie on the same
II (–, +)
straight line if
III (–, –)
(i) Area of triangle ABC is zero.
IV (+, –)
(ii) Slope of AB = Slope of BC = Slope of AC
For example, let P be a point in second quadrant, then it is
(iii) Distance between A and B + distance between B and
denoted as ( − 1, 2), ( − 2, 3), ( − 3, 5), ( − 6, 8), ( − 7, 10) etc.
C = Distance between A and C.
The coordinates of point O (i.e, origin) are taken as (0, 0). The
(iv) Find the equation of the line passing through any
coordinates of any point on X -axis are of the form ( x, 0) and
two points , if third point satisfies the equation of the
the coordinates of any point on Y -axis are of the form(0, y).
line then three points are collinear.

Page 259 of 277

1196 QUANTUM CAT
21.4 Important Results
NOTE The circumcentre O, centroid G and othrocentre O′ of a
triangle ABC are collinear such that G divides O′ O in the ratio 2 : 1i.e.,
1. If the vertices of a triangle have integral co-ordinates O′ G : OG = 2 : 1
then the triangle can not be equilateral.
2. In order to prove that a given figure is a square, 21.6 Shifting of Origin
parallelogram, rectangle etc. We will prove the Let O be the origin and X ′ OX and Y ′ OY be the axis of x and
following points given in the table below corresponding yrespectively. Let O′ and P be two points in the plane having
the name of the figure. coordinates ( h, k ) and ( x, y) respectively referred to X ′ OX
S.N. Name of the figure Conditions and Y ′ OY as coordinate axes.
1. Square Four sides are equal and the y P (x, y)
diagonals are also equal y
x
2. Rhombus Four sides are equal y
(h, k) O'
3. Rectangle Opposite sides are equal and
diagonals are also equal
x' x
4. Parallelogram Opposite sides are equal O

5. Parallelogram but not a Opposite sides are equal but the

rectangle diagonals are not equal. y'

6. Rhombus but not a All sides are equal but the Let the origin be transferred to O′ and let X ′ O ′ X and
square diagonals are not equal
Y ′ O ′ Y be new rectangular axes. Let the co-ordinates of P
referred to new axes as the co-ordinate axes be ( X , Y )
21.5 Important Points in a Triangle Thus if ( x, y) are coordinates of a point referred to old axis
Centroid and ( X , Y ) are the coordinates of the same point referred to
new axis then.
If ( x1 , y1 ), ( x 2 , y2 ) and ( x 3 , y3 ) are the vertices of a triangle,
then the coordinates of its centroid are x= X +h
 x1 + x 2 + x 3 , y1 + y2 + y3  and y=Y + k
 
 3 3  If therefore the origin is shifted at a point ( h, k ) we must
substitute X + h and Y + k for x and y respectively.
Incentre The transformation formula from new axes to old axes is
If A ( x1 , y1 ), B ( x 2 , y2 ) and C ( x 3 , y3 ) are the vertices of a X = x − h, Y = y−k
triangle ABC such that BC = a, CA = b and AB = c, then the
The coordinates of the old origin referred to the new axes
coordinates of its centre are
are ( − h, − k )
 ax1 + bx 2 + cx 3 ay1 + by2 + cy3 
 , 
 a +b+c a +b+c  21.7 Straight Line
NOTE If the equations of the sides of the triangle are given then A straight line is a curve such that every point on the line
we find the bisectors of internal angles and then their point of
intersection to determine the incentre. segment joining any two points on it lies on it.
The general form of the equation of straight line
Circumcentre
ax + by + c = 0
If ‘O’ is the circumcentre of a triangle ABC, then
OA = OB = OC and OA is called the circumradius. where a, b and c are real constants and x, y are two
unknowns.
To find the circumcentre of ∆ABC, we use the relation
OA = OB = OC . This gives two simultaneous linear equation Slope (or Gradient) of a Line
and their solution provides the coordinates of circumcentre. a
m = tan θ = −
Orthocentre b
a c
To determine the orthocentre, first we find equations of lines { Q ax+ by + c = 0 ⇒ by = − ax − c ⇒ y = − x−
passing through vertices and perpendicular to the opposite b b
sides. Solving any two of these three equations we get the a
⇒ y = mx + c, where m = − and c is a constant}
coordinates of orthocentre. b

Page 260 of 277

Co-ordinate Geometry 1197

Here m is called the slope or gradient of a line and c is the  m − m1 

tan θ = ±  2 
intercept on y-axis. The slope of a line is always measured in  1 + m1 m2 
anticlockwise.
y y Condition of Parallelism of Lines
If the slopes of two lines is m1 and m2 and if they are parallel
B
B then,
x'
q
x x'
q
x
m1 = m2
A O O A
y' y' Condition of Perpendicularity of Lines
If the slopes of two lines is m1 and m2 and if they are
Slope of a line in terms of coordinates of any
perpendicular to each other, then
two points on it.
m1 . m2 = − 1
If ( x1 , y1 ) and ( x 2 , y2 ) are coordinates of any two points on a
line, then its slope is Intercepts of a Line on The Axis
y − y1 Difference of ordinates rise y
m= 2 = =
x 2 − x1 Difference of abscissa run
B
Angle Between two Lines y
y
A
C B x
O x

θ If a straight line cuts x-axis at A and the y-axis at B then OA

x and OB are known as the intercepts of the line on x-axis and
O A D
y-axis respectively where O is the origin.

Introductory Exercise 21.1

1. The point (− 2 , 3 ) lies in the quadrant : 7. A (− 3 , 2 ) and B (5 , 4 ) are the end points of a line
(a) First (b) Second segment, find the coordinates of the mid points of the
(c) Third (d) Fourth line segment :
(a) (1, 3) (b) (2, 3) (c) (3, 2) (d) (4, 3)
2. The point (2 , − 3 ) lies in the quadrant :
8. In the previous question (no. 7) find the co-ordinates
(a) First (b) Second of the point which divides AB in the ratio 2 : 3 :
(c) Third (d) Fourth  1 14  1   1
(a)  ,  (b) (2 , 3 ) (c)  , 3 (d)  3 , 
3. Find the distance between the points (− 5 , 3 ) and 5 5  5   2
(3 , 1) : 9. Find the co-ordinates of the point which divides
(a) 2 7 (b) 3 14 (c) 5 17 (d) 2 17 the join of the points (2, 4) and (6, 8) externally in the
4. Let the vertices of a triangle ABC be ratio 5 : 3 :
(4 , 3 ), (7 , − 1), (9 , 3 ) then the triangle is : (a) (5 , 6 ) (b) (12 , 14 ) (c) (3 , 8 ) (d) (2 , 7 )
(a) Scalene (b) Isosceles 10. The coordinates of the vertices of a triangle are (3, 1),
(c) Equilateral (d) none of (a), (b),(c) (2, 3) and (– 2, 2). Find the coordinates of the centroid
5. Let the vertices of a triangle ABC be of the triangle ABC :
(4 , 4 ), (3 , 5 ), (− 1, − 1), then the triangle is : (a) (1, 2) (b) (2, 3) (c) (4, 5) (d) (5, 6)
(a) scalene (b) equilateral 11. Find the co-ordinates of the incentre of the
(c) right angled (d) none of (a), (b), (c) triangle whose vertices are the points (4 , − 2 ), (5 , 5 )
6. Let the vertices of a triangle ABC be (7 , 9 ), (3 , − 7 ), and and (− 2 , 4 ) :
 7 2  5 5
(− 3 , 3 ) then the triangle is : (a)  ,  (b)  , 
 3 3  2 2
(a) right angled (b) equilateral
6 
(c) isosceles (d) both (a) and (c) (c)  , 5 (d) none of these
5 

Page 261 of 277

1198 QUANTUM CAT
12. Find the coordinates of the circum centre of the 23. The co-ordinates of A, B, C are (6 , 3 ), (− 3 , 5 ), (4 , − 2 )
triangle whose vertices are (8 , 6 ), (8 , − 2 ) and (2 , − 2 ) : respectively and P is a point (x, y), then find the value
(a) (2 , 3 ) (b) (5 , 2 ) ∆PBC
(c) (5 , 3 ) (d) (7, 2) of :
∆ABC
13. If the coordinates of the mid points of the sides of a x+ y−2 x− y
(a) (b)
triangle are (1, 1), (2 , − 3 ) and (3 , 4 ). Find its centroid: 7 4
 2  3 x+ y−3
(a)  3 ,  (b) 2 ,  (c) (d) none of these
 3  4 5
 2 24. Find the slope of the line joining the points (7 , 5 )
(c) 2 ,  (d) none of these
 3
and (9 , 7 ) :
14. If the previous problem (no. 13) find the incentre for (a) 1 (b) 2
the given triangle : 1
(c) (d) 3
 3 7  2
(a)  8 ,  (b)  , 5
 2 2 
25. If A(− 2 , 1), B (2 , 3 ) and C (− 2 , − 4 ) are three points,
(c) (2 3 , 5 ) (d) none of these
find the angle between BA and BC :
15. A (− 2 , − 1), B (1, 0 ), C (4 , 3 ) and D(1, 2 ) are the four  3  2
(a) tan− 1   (b) tan− 1  
points of a quadrilateral. The quadrilateral is a :  5  3
(a) Square (b) Rhombus  3
(c) tan− 1   (d) none of these
(c) Parallelogram (d) none of (a), (b),(c)  2
16. The three vertices of a parallelogram taken in a order 26. What is the slope of the line perpendicular to the line
are (− 1, 0 ), (3 , 1) and (2 , 2 ) respectively. Find the passing through the points (3 , 5 ) and (− 4 , 2 ) ?
coordinates of the fourth vertex : 3 2
(a) (− 1, 2 ) (b) (− 2 , 1) (a) − (b) −
5 3
(c) (2 , 3 ) (d) (3 , − 2 ) 7
(c) − (d) none of these
17. If the coordinates of the mid points of the sides of a 3
triangle are (1, 2 ), (0 , − 1) and (2 , − 1). Find the 27. A line passes through the points A (2 , − 3 ) and B(6 , 3 ).
coordinates of its vertices :
Find the slope of the line which is parallel to AB :
(a) (1, − 4 ), (3 , 2 ), (− 1, 2 ) (b) (1, 2 ), (2 , 3 ), (3 , − 4 )
2 3
(c) (3 , 4 ), (5 , 2 ), (1, 2 ) (d) none of these (a) (b)
3 2
18. Points A(4 , − 1), B(6 , 0 ), C (7 , 2 ) and D(5 , 1) are the 1 3
(c) (d)
vertices of the following quadrilateral which is a : 2 4
(a) Square (b) Rectangle 28. In the previous question (no. 27), find the slope of the
(c) Rhombus (d) none of (a), (b), (c) line which is perpendicular to AB :
19. Find the area of quadrilateral formed by joining the 4 5
(a) − (b)
points (− 4 , 2 ), (1, − 1), (4 , 1) and (2 , 5 ) : 3 6
(a) 25.4 (b) 20.5 2
(c) − (d) none of these
(c) 24.5 (d) none of these 3
20. Find (x, y) if (3 , 2 ), (6 , 3 ), (x, y) and (6 , 5 ) are the 29. Points A (6 , 6 ), B(2 , 3 ) and C(4 , 7 ) are the vertices of a
vertices of a parallelogram : triangle which is :
(a) (5, 6) (b) (6, 5) (c) (9, 6) (d) (9, 5) (a) right angled
(b) acute angled
21. Determine the ratio in which y − x + 2 = 0 divides the
(c) obtuse angled
line joining (3 , − 1) and (8 , 9 ) : (d) none of the above
(a) 3 : 5 (b) 4 : 3
30. Three points A (1, − 2 ), B(3 , 4 ) and C(4 , 7 ) form :
(c) 2 : 3 (d) none of these
(a) a straight line
22. If the area of the quadrilateral whose angular points
(b) an equilateral triangle
taken in order are (1, 2 ), (− 5 , 6 ), (7 , − 4 ) and (h − 2 ) be
(c) a right angled triangle
zero, find the value of h :
(d) none of (a), (b), (c)
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 6

Page 262 of 277

Co-ordinate Geometry 1199

21.8 Equations of Lines Parallel to 21.10 Reduction (or Transformation)

the Co-ordinate Axes of the General Equation
Equation of a line parallel to x-axis and at a distance k from it The general equation of a straight line is Ax + By + C = 0
is y = k . Equation of a line parallel to the y-axis and at a which can be transformed into various standard forms.
distance h from it is x = h. (i) General Equation ( Ax + By + C = 0) → Slope Intercept
Equation of the x-axis is y = 0 form ( y = mx + c)
Equation of the y-axis is x = 0 Ax + By + C = 0 ⇒ B y = − Ax − C
 A  C
21.9 Different Standard Forms of ⇒ y =  −  x +  −  ⇒ y = mx + c
 B  B
the Equations of a Straight Line A Coefficient of x
where m=− =−
Slope Intercept Form B Coefficient of y
(a) The equation of a line with slope m and making an C Constant term
intercept on y-axis is y = mx + c. and intercept on y-axis = − =−
B Coefficient of y
(b) The equation of a line with slope m and passing through
the origin (here c = 0) is y = mx. (ii) General Equation ( Ax + By + C = 0)
Point Slope Form x y 
→ Intercept form  + = 1
The equation of a line passes through the point ( x1 , y1 ) and a b 
has the slope ‘m’ is y − y1 = m ( x − x1 ) Ax + By + C = 0
Two Point Form Ax By
The equation of a line passing through two points ( x1 , y1 ) ⇒ + =1
−C −C
 y − y1 
and ( x 2 , y2 ) is y − y1 =  2  ( x − x1 ) ⇒
x
+
y
=1
 x 2 − x1   C  C
−  − 
Intercept Form  A  B 
The equation of a line which cuts off intercepts a and b x y
x y ⇒ + =1
respectively from the x-axis and y-axis is + = 1 ⋅ a b
a b C Constant term
⇒ Where, intercept on x-axis = − = −
Normal (or Perpendicular) Form A Coefficient of x
The equation of the straight line on which the length of the C Constant term
Intercept on y-axis = − = −
perpendicular from the origin (0, 0) is p and this perpendicular B Coefficient of y
makes an angle α with x-axis is x cos α + y sin α = p.
(iii) General Equation ( Ax + By + C = 0)
Distance (or Symmetrical) Form → Normal Form ( x cos α + y sin α = p)
The equation of the straight line passing through ( x1 , y1 ) and
Ax + By + C = 0 …(i)
making an angle θ with positive direction of x-axis is
x cos α + y sin α − p = 0 …(ii)
x − x1 y − y1
= =r Comparing eqs. (i) and (ii)
cos θ sin θ
A B C
Where r is the distance of the point ( x, y) on the line from the = =
cos α sin α − p
point ( x1 , y1 )
Ap Bp
˜ Since different values of r determine different points on the ⇒ cos α = − and sin α = −
C C
line, therefore the above form of the line is also called
parametric form or symmetric form. p2
⇒ 1 = cos 2 α + sin 2 α = (A2 + B 2 )
C2

Page 263 of 277

1200 QUANTUM CAT
C2 C a1 b1 c1
or p2 = ⇒ p=
A +B 2 2
A +B
2 2 ⇒ a2 b2 c2 = 0
−A B a3 b3 c3
∴ cos α = , sin α =
A +B
2 2
A + B2
2 Which is the required condition for concurrency of three
lines.
∴ The required equation is
˜ Find the point of intersection of any two lines by solving
A B C
− x− y= them simultaneously. If this point satisfies the third
A +B
2 2
A + B2
2
A2 + B 2 equation also, then the given lines are concurrent.

21.11. Point of Intersection of 21.13 Angle Between Two Straight

Two Lines Lines
Let the equations of two lines be Let the two straight lines be
a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 …(i) y = m1 x + c1 …(i)
and a 2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 …(ii) and y = m2 x + c2 …(ii)
Let ( x1 , y1 ) be the coordinates of the point of intersection of and θ be the angle between them,
the two lines. a b − a1 b2
then θ = tan − 1 2 1
Then a1 x1 + b1 y1 + c1 = 0 …(iii) a1 a 2 + b1 b2
and a 2 x1 + b2 y1 + c2 = 0 …(iv)
∴ By the method of cross multiplication 21.14 Conditions for Parallelism
x1
=
y1
=
1 and Perpendicularity of
b1 c2 − b2 c1 c1 a 2 − c2 a1 a1 b2 − a 2 b1
Two Lines
b1 c2 − b2 c1 c a − c2 a1
∴ x1 = y1 = 1 2 , (i) If the two lines a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and
a1 b2 − a 2 b1 a1 b2 − a 2 b1
a 2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 are parallel,
where a1 b2 − a 2 b1 ≠ 0 a − a2
Then m1 = m2 ⇒ − 1 =
Thus the coordinates of the point of intersection of the two b1 b2
b c − b2 c1 c1 a 2 − c2 a1
lines are 1 2 , a1 b1
a1 b2 − a 2 b1 a1 b2 − a 2 b1 ⇒ =
a 2 b2
Remark To find the coordinates of the point of intersection of two
non parallel lines, we solve the given equations simultaneously and (ii) If the two lines a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and
the values of x and y so obtained determine the coordinates of the a 2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 are perpendicular,
point of intersection. then m1 . m2 = − 1
a1 a
21.12 Condition of Concurrency ⇒ −
b1
× − 2 = − 1 ⇒ a1 a 2 + b1 b2 = 0
b2
of Three Lines Thus two lines a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and a 2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 are
Three lines are said to be concurrent if they pass through a a b c
common point i.e., they meet at a single common point. (i) Coincident, if 1 = 1 = 1
a 2 b2 c2
Thus if three lines are concurrent the point of intersection of
a1 b1 c1
any two lines lies on the third line. (ii) Parallel, if = ≠
a 2 b2 c2
Let a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 …(i)
a1 b1
a 2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 …(ii) (iii) Intersecting, if ≠
a 2 b2
a 3 x + b3 y + c3 = 0 …(iii)
a1 b1
be three concurrent lines then (iv) Perpendicular, if ≠
a 2 b2
a 3 ( b1 c2 − b2 c1 ) + b3 ( c1 a 2 − c2 a1 ) + c3 ( a1 b2 − a 2 b1 ) = 0

Page 264 of 277

Co-ordinate Geometry 1201

21.15 Distance of a Point From a Given Equation of any Line Passing Through the
Line or Length of Perpendicular Point of Intersection of Two Given Lines
From the Point (x , y ) to the Any line passing through the point of intersection of the lines
1 1
Straight Line ax + by + c = 0 a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and a 2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 can be represented
by the equation ( a1 x + b1 y + c1 ) + λ ( a 2 x + b2 y + c2 ) = 0
Let the length of perpendicular be p, where λ is an arbitrary constant.
| ax1 + by1 + c |
then p= Position of a Point with Respect to a Line
a 2 + b2 Any line ax + by + c = 0 ( c ≠ 0) divides the whole plane into
Distance Between Parallel Lines two parts (i) One part containing the origin called the origin
side, (ii) the other part not containing the origin called
If two lines are parallel, then they have the same distance
non-origin side of the line. The length of the perpendicular
between these throughout. c
Therefore to find the distance between two parallel lines find from the origin on the line ax + by + c = 0 is ;if c > 0
a 2 + b2
the coordinates of any point on one of the given lines,
preferably putting x = 0 or y = 0 If c > 0, we say that the origin is on the positive side of the
Then the perpendicular distance of this point from the other line and if c < 0, the origin is said to be on the negative side of
line is the required distance between the lines. the line. A point P ( x1 , y1 ) is on the origin side or non-origin
side of the line ax + by + c = 0 according as ax1 + by1 + c and
Alternatively Let the two parallel lines be ax + by + c1 = 0 and
c are the same or opposite sign. If c > 0, then P ( x1 , y1 ) is on
ax + by + c2 = 0, then the perpendicular distance between the
the origin side or non-origin side of line ax + by + c = 0
c2 − c1 according as ax1 + by1 + c is positive or negative.
lines is
a 2 + b2 Equations of Bisectors of the Angles Between
Equations of Straight Lines Passing Through ( x 1 , y 1 ) Two Given Lines
making angle θ with the given line y = mx + c Let a1 x + b1 y + c = 0 and a 2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 be the equations
m ± tan θ of two given lines AB and AC respectively then the equations
y − y1 = ( x − x1 ) a x + b1 y + c1 a x + b2 y + c2
1 + m tan θ of the two bisectors are 1 =± 2
a1 + b1
2 2
a 22 + b22

Introductory Exercise 21.2

2 4. Find the equation of the line which cuts off intercepts
1. Find the equation of the line with slope and intercept
3 2 and 3 from the axes :
on the y-axis is 5 : (a) 9 x − 7 y = 6 (b) 3 x + 2 y = 6
2 3
(a) y = x + 5 (b) y = x+5 (c) 4 x + 3 y = 7 (d) none of these
3 2
5. Find the intercepts made by the line 3 x + 4 y − 12 = 0
(c) y = 3 x + 6 (d) none of these
on the axes :
2. Find the slope and the intercept on the y-axis of the (a) 2 and 3 (b) 4 and 3
line 3 x + 3 y = 6 : (c) 3 and 5 (d) none
1 1
(a) (b) 6. Find the equation of the line through the points
2 5
(−1, − 2 ) and (− 5 , 2 ) :
2 1
(c) (d) − (a) 2 x + y = 3 (b) 3 x − 2 y + 7 = 0
3 3
(c) x + y + 3 = 0 (d) none of these
3. Find the equation of the line passing through the point
7. Find the equation of the straight line passing through
5
(2 , − 3 ) and having its slope : the point (− 1, 4 ) and having a gradient of 2.5 :
4
(a) 2 x − 5 y + 13 = 0 (b) 5 x − 9 y = 13
(a) 4 x − 5 y = 20 (b) 3 x − 2 y = 5
(c) 13 x − 15 y + 17 = 0 (d) 5 x − 2 y + 13 = 0
(c) 5 x − 4 y = 22 (d) none of these

Page 265 of 277

1202 QUANTUM CAT
8. Find the equation of the straight line which makes 16. Find the equation of the line which passes through the
equal intercepts on the axes passes through the point point (3 , − 4 ) and makes an angle of 60° with the
(3 , − 5 ). : positive direction of x-axis :
(a) x − y = 2 (b) x + y + 2 = 0 (a) x 2 + y 3 = 0
(c) y − x + 2 = 0 (d) none of these (b) 3 x − y = 4 + 3 3
9. Find the equation of the straight line making (c) x 3 + y = 3 2 + 5
intercepts on the axes equal in magnitude but (d) none of (a), (b),(c)
opposite in sign and passing through the point 17. Find the equation of the line joining the points of
(− 5 , − 8 ) : intersection of 2 x + y = 4 with x − y + 1 = 0 and
(a) x − y = 7 (b) 2 x + y = 3 2 x − y − 1 = 0 with x + y − 8 = 0 :
(c) x − y = 3 (d) none of these (a) 2 x + 3 y + 6 = 0 (b) 3 x + 2 y + 12 = 0
10. Find the equation of the line passing through the point (c) 3 x − 2 y + 1 = 0 (d) none of (a), (b),(c)
(− 4 , − 5 ) and perpendicular to the line joining the 18. Find the equation of one of the two lines which pass
points (1, 2) and (5, 6) : through the point (4, 5) which make an acute angle
(a) x + y + 17 = 0 (b) 3 x + 2 y + 11 = 0 45° with the line 2 x − y + 7 = 0 :
(c) x + y + 9 = 0 (d) x − y + 20 = 0 (a) x − 2 y = 0 (b) 7 x + 5 y − 3 = 0
11. A straight line intersects the x-axis at A and the y-axis at (c) 3 x + y + 8 = 0 (d) x − 3 y + 11 = 0
B. AB is divided internally at C (8 , 10 ) in the ratio 5 : 4. 19. Find the equation of the straight line which passes
Find the equation of AB : through the point (5 , − 6 ) which is parallel to the line
(a) x + y = 18 (b) x + y + 2 = 0 8x + 7 y + 5 = 0 :
(c) x + y − 2 = 0 (d) none of these (a) 3 x − 5 y + 8 = 0 (b) 7 x + 8 y + 5 = 0
12. Find the equation of the straight line which passes (c) 7 x − 8 y + 2 = 0 (d) 8 x + 7 y + 2 = 0
through the point (3 , 4 ) and has intercepts on the axes 20. Find the equation of the straight line which passes
such that their sum is 14 : through the point of intersection of the straight lines
(a) 4 x + 3 y = 24 x + y = 8 and 3 x − 2 y + 1 = 0 and is parallel to the
(b) x + y = 7 straight line joining the points (3 , 4 ) and (5 , 6 ) :
(c) 3 x + 7 y = 43 (a) x − y + 2 = 0 (b) x + y − 2 = 0
(d) both (a) and (b) (c) 3 x − 4 y + 8 = 0 (d) none of these
13. A straight line passes through the points (a , 0 ) and 21. Find the length of the perpendicular from the point
(0 , b). The length of the line segment contained (3 , − 2 ) to the straight line 12 x − 5 y + 6 = 0 :
between the axis is 13 and the product of the (a) 5 (b) 4
intercepts on the axes is 60. Find the equation of the (c) 6 (d) 8
straight line : 22. Find the distance between two parallel lines
(a) 5 x + 12 y = 60 5 x + 12 y − 30 = 0 and 5 x + 12 y − 4 = 0
(b) 7 x − 12 y = 50 (a) 3 (b) 7
(c) 5 x + 12 y + 60 = 0 5
(c) (d) 2
(d) both (a) and (c) 2
14. A firm produces 50 units of a good for ` 320 and 23. Find the equation of the line through the point of
80 units for ` 380. Supposing that the cost curve is intersection of 2 x − 3 y + 1 = 0 and x + y − 2 = 0 which
a straight line, estimate the cost of producing is parallel to the y-axis.
110 units : (a) x = 1 (b) 8 x = 7
(a) ` 330 (b) ` 1665 (c) x + 3 = 0 (d) x = 6
(c) ` 440 (d) ` 365 24. Find the equation of the line which passes through the
15. Find the equation of the line on which length of the point of intersection of the lines x + 2 y − 3 = 0 and
perpendicular from the origin is 5 and the angle which 4 x − y + 7 = 0 and is parallel to the line
this perpendicular makes with the x-axis is 60° : y − x + 10 = 0.
(a) x 3 + 2 y + 8 = 0 (b) x + 2 y − 7 = 0 (a) 2 x + 2 y + 5 = 0 (b) 3 x − 3 y + 10 = 0
(c) x + 3 y = 10 (d) none of (a),(b), (c) (c) 3 x + 2 y − 8 = 0 (d) none of these

Page 266 of 277

Co-ordinate Geometry 1203

25. Find the equation of the line which passes through the 31. Find the coordinates of the orthocentre of the triangle
point of intersection of the lines 2 x − y + 5 = 0 and whose vertices are (1, 2), (2, 3) and (4, 3).
5 x + 3 y − 4 = 0 and is perpendicular to the line (a) (2, 5) (b) (3, 4)
x − 3 y + 21 = 0 (c) (1, 6) (d) none of these
(a) 2 x + y + 8 = 0 (b) 3 x + 4 y − 7 = 0 32. Two vertices of a triangle ABC are B(5 , − 1) and
(c) 3 x + y = 0 (d) none of these
C(− 2 , 3 ). If the orthocentre of the triangle is the origin,
26. Find the equation of the line through the intersection of find the third vertex.
the lines 3 x + 4 y = 7 and x − y + 2 = 0 having slope 3.  7 13   3 11
(a) 4 x − 3 y + 7 = 0 (b) 21x − 7 y + 16 = 0 (a)  ,  (b)  , 
2 2  2 2 
(c) 8 x + y + 8 = 0 (d) none of these
(c) (− 4 , − 7 ) (d) none of these
27. Find the equation of the straight line which passes
33. The area of a triangle is 5. Two of its vertices are (2, 1)
through the point of intersection of the straight lines
and (3, – 2). The third vertex lies on y = x + 3. Find the
3 x − 4 y + 1 = 0 and 5 x + y − 1 = 0 and cuts off equal
third vertex :
intercepts from the axis.
 2 13 
(a) 32 x + 32 y + 11 = 0 (b) 23 x + 23 y = 11 (a)  , 
7 5 
(c) 9 x + 18 y + 5 = 0 (d) none of these
 7 13 
x y (b)  , 
28. A straight line − = 1 passes through the point (8, 6) 2 2 
a b
 9 13 
and cuts off a triangle of area 12 units from the axes of (c)  , 
2 2 
coordinates. Find the equations of the straight line.
(a) 3 x − 2 y = 12 (b) 4 x − 3 y = 12  7 13   3 , 3
(d)  ,  or  − 
2 2   2 2
(c) 3 x − 8 y + 24 = 0 (d) both (a) and (c)
29. Find the equations of the bisectors of the angle 34. A straight line L is perpendicular to the line 5 x − y = 1.
between the straight line 3 x + 4 y + 2 = 0 and The area of the triangle formed by the line L and
5 x − 12 y − 6 = 0. coordinate axes is 5. Find the equation of the line :
(a) 8 x + y + 7 = 0 (b) 16 x − 12 y − 1 = 0 (a) x + 5 y = ± 5 2 (b) x − 3 y = 0
(c) x + 8 y + 4 = 0 (d) both (b) and (c) (c) 2 x + y = 0 (d) x + 4 y = 5 2
30. Find the area of the triangle formed by the lines whose 35. (1, 2) and (3, 8) are a pair of a opposite vertices of
equations are 2 y − x = 5 , y + 2 x = 7 and y − x = 1. square. Find the diagonals of the square passing
3
(a) (b) 10 through (1, 2) :
10 (a) x − 2 y = 1 (b) 2 x + 7 y = 0
2
(c) 6 (d) (c) 3 x + 2 y + 7 = 0 (d) 3 x − y = 1
5

Page 267 of 277

1204 QUANTUM CAT

CAT-Test
Questions Helping you bell the CAT

LEVEL 01 > BASIC LEVEL EXERCISE

1 The number of integral points (integral point means 4 What is the minimum value of | c|, if the lines
both the coordinates should be integer) exactly in the y = mx + 4, x = m + c and y = 3 are concurrent?
interior of the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (0, 21) and (a) 0 (b) 1
(21, 0) is (c) 2 (d) 3
(a) 133 (b) 190 5 Two points (1, 1) and (1, 5) lie on the circumference of
(c) 233 (d) 105 a circle. Which of the following cannot be the area of
2 Two squares have centers at the origin of a coordinate that circle?
plane and sides parallel to the axes. The smaller (a) 2 2π (b) 4π
square has an area of 27 sq. units and the larger (c) 3 3π (d) 6.67 π
square has an area of 91 sq. units. How many points 6 Consider four circles (x ± 1)2 + ( y ± 1)2 = 1. Find the
with only integer coordinates are outside the smaller
equation of larger circle touching these four circles.
square region and inside the larger square region?
(a) x2 + y2 = ( 2 + 1)2 (b) x2 + y2 = ( 2 − 1)2
(a) 45 (b) 54
(c) x + y = (2 − 2 )
2 2 2
(d) none of these
(c) 56 (d) 64
7 What’s the area of a triangle whose coordinates are
3 The diagonals of a parallelogram PQRS are along the
(−7 , 4 ), (3 , − 2 ), (−1, − 5 )?
lines x + 3 y = 4 and 6 x − 2 y = 7. Then PQRS must be a
(a) 27 (b) 26
(a) Rectangle (b) Square
(c) 25 (d) 33
(c) Cyclic Quadrilateral (d) Rhombus

Answers
Introductory Exercise 21.1
1 (b) 2 (d) 3 (d) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 (a) 8 (a) 9 (b) 10 (a)
11 (b) 12 (b) 13 (c) 14 (d) 15 (c) 16 (b) 17 (a) 18 (c) 19 (c) 20 (c)
21 (c) 22 (b) 23 (a) 24 (a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 27 (b) 28 (c) 29 (a) 30 (d)

Introductory Exercise 21.2

1 (a) 2 (d) 3 (c) 4 (b) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (c)
11 (a) 12 (d) 13 (d) 14 (c) 15 (c) 16 (b) 17 (c) 18 (d) 19 (d) 20 (a)
21 (b) 22 (d) 23 (a) 24 (b) 25 (c) 26 (b) 27 (b) 28 (d) 29 (d) 30 (a)
31 (c) 32 (c) 33 (d) 34 (a) 35 (d)

Level 01 Basic Level Exercise

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a)

Page 268 of 277

Co-ordinate Geometry 1205

Hints & Solutions

Introductory Exercise 21.1
1 The point (− 2, 3) lies in the second quadrant. 9 The required coordinates of the point which divides the
join of (2, 4) and (6, 8) externally in the ratio 5 : 3 are
2 The point (2, − 3) lies in the fourth quadrant.
 mx 2 − nx1 my 2 − ny1 
 , 
3 Distance between two points = ( x 2 − x1 )2 + ( y 2 − y1 )2  m−n m−n 
Let ( x1, y1 ) ≡ (− 5, 3) and ( x 2, y 2 ) ≡ (3, 1) Here, m : n = 5 : 3, ( x1, y1 ) = (2, 4), ( x 2, y 2 ) = (6, 8)
∴ Required distance = (3 + 5) + (1 − 3)
2 2 Hence the required co-ordinates = (12, 14).

= 64 + 4 = 68 = 2 17 unit 10 Let the co-ordinate of the centroid of ∆ABC be ( x, y ), then

4 Let A ≡ (4, 3), B ≡ (7, − 1), C ≡ (9, 3)  x + x 2 + x 3 , y1 + y 2 + y 3 
( x, y ) =  1 
 3 3 
AB = (7 − 4)2 + (− 1 − 3)2 = 25 = 5
 3 + 2 − 2 , 1 + 3 + 2
=  = (1, 2)
BC = (9 − 7 )2 + (3 + 1)2 = 20 = 2 5  3 3 

CA = (4 − 9)2 + (3 − 3)2 = 25 = 5 11 Let A ≡ (4, − 2), B ≡ (5, 5) and C ≡ (− 2, 4)

∴ AB = CA = 5 Then a = BC = (− 2 − 5)2 + (4 − 5)2 = 5 2
Hence ABC is an isosceles triangle.
b = AC = (4 + 2)2 + (− 2 − 4)2 = 6 2
5 Let A ≡ (4, 4), B ≡ (3, 5), C ≡ (− 1, − 1)
c = AB = (5 − 4)2 + (5 + 2)2 = 5 2
Then AB = (3 − 4)2 + (5 − 4)2 = 2
and ( x1, y1 ) ≡ (4, − 2), ( x 2, y 2 ) ≡ (5, 5),
BC = (− 1 − 3)2 + (− 1 − 5)2 = 52
( x 3, y 3 ) ≡ (− 2, 4)
AC = (− 1 − 4) + (− 1 − 4) = 50
2 2
∴ The coordinates of the incentre of the ∆ABC are
∴ AB + AC = BC
2 2 2  ax1 + bx 2 + cx 3 ay1 + by 2 + cy 3 
 , 
 a+ b+c a+ b+c 
Hence by the Pythagoras Theorem, ABC is a right angled
triangle. 5 5
= ,  {Substitute the values of (a, b, c)
2 2
6 Let A ≡ (7, 9), B ≡ (3, − 7 ) and C ≡ (− 3, 3)
x1, x 2, x 3, y1, y 2 and y 3}
Then AB = (3 − 7 )2 + (− 7 − 9)2 = 272
12 Let S ( x, y ) be the circumcentre, then AS = BS = CS = R ,
BC = (− 3 − 3)2 + (3 + 7 )2 = 136 where R is the circumradius
AC = (7 + 3) + (9 − 3) = 136
2 2 Now ( AS )2 = (BS )2 where S ≡ ( x, y ),

∴ AB 2 = BC 2 + AC 2 A ≡ (8, 6), B ≡ (8, − 2)

∴ ( x − 8)2 + ( y − 6)2 = ( x − 8)2 + ( y + 2)2
Hence by Pythagoras Theorem, triangle ABC is a right
angled triangle. ⇒ 36 − 12y = 4 + 4 y
Also, since BC = CA, hence ABC is an isosceles triangle. ⇒ y=2
Thus ABC is a right angled isoceles triangle. Again (BS )2 = (CS )2, where S ≡ ( x, y )
7 The coordinates of the mid points of AB B ≡ (8, − 2), C ≡ (2, − 2)
 x + x 2 , y1 + y 2   − 3 + 5 2 + 4
= 1  = ,  = (1, 3) ∴ ( x − 8)2 + ( y + 2)2 = ( x − 2)2 + ( y + 2)2
 2 2   2 2 
⇒ x 2 + 64 − 16 x + y 2 + 4 + 4 y
8 Here ( x1, y1 ) = (− 3, 2) and ( x 2, y 2 ) = (5, 4)
= x2 + 4 − 4x + y2 + 4 + 4y
The coordinates of the point which divides AB in the
ratio 2 : 3 ⇒ − 12x + 60 = 0 x = 5
 2 × 5 + 3 × − 3 2 × 4 + 3 × 2  1 14 ∴ The circumcentre S ≡ ( x, y ) = (5, 2)
= ,  = , 
 2+ 3 2+ 3  5 5

Page 269 of 277

1206 QUANTUM CAT
13 Let P (1, 1), Q (2, − 3), R (3, 4) be the midpoints of sides 3+ x 1 y+1
⇒ = and =1
AB, BC and CA respectively triangle ABC. 2 2 2
Let A( x,1 y1 ), B( x 2, y 2 ) and C ( x 3, y 3 ) be the vertices of ⇒ x = − 2 and y =1
triangle ABC. Hence the fourth, vertex of the parallelogram is (− 2, 1)
Then, P is the mid point of AB 17 Solve as the question no. 13 has been solved. The required
x1 + x 2 y + y2 vertices of the triangle are (1, − 4), (3, 2), (− 1, 2).
⇒ = 1, 1 =1
2 2 18 Let the vertices be A(4, − 1), B(6, 0), C (7, 2), D(5, 1), then
⇒ x1 + x 2 = 2 and y1 + y 2 = 2 …(i) the coordinates of the mid point of AC are
Q is the mid point of BC  4 + 7 , − 1 + 2  11 , 1
x2 + x3 y + y3   = 
⇒ = 2, 2 =−3  2 2   2 2
2 2
Coordinates of the mid point of BD are
⇒ x 2 + x 3 = 4 and y2 + y3 = − 6 …(ii)
 6 + 5 , 0 + 1  11 , 1
  = 
R is the mid point of AC  2 2   2 2
⇒ x1 + x 3 = 6 and y1 + y 3 = 8 …(iii)
Thus AC and BD have the same mid point. Hence ABCD is a
From eqs (i), (ii) and (iii), we get parallelogram.
( x1, y1 ) ≡ (2, 8), ( x 2, y 2 ) ≡ (0, − 6) Now, AB = 5, BC = 5
and ( x 3, y 3 ) ≡ (4, 0) ∴ AB = BC
Then the coordinates of the centroid So, ABCD is a parallelogram whose adjacent sides are
 x + x 2 + x 3 , y1 + y 2 + y 3  equal. Hence, ABCD is a rhombus.
= 1 
 3 3 
Also, we have AC = 3 2
 2 + 0 + 4 , 8 − 6 + 0  2 BD = 2
=  =  2,  and
 3 3   3
Clearly, AC ≠ BD. So ABCD is not a square.
14 Since ( x1, y1 ) ≡ A(2, 8), ( x 2, y 2 ) ≡ B(0, − 6) 19 Let A, B, C , D be the points (− 4, 2), (1, − 1), (4, 1) and (2, 5)
and ( x 3, y 3 ) ≡ C (4, 0) respectively. Then the area of the quadrilateral ABCD
Now, a = BC = 2 3, b = AC = 2 17 , c = AB = 10 2 1
= {− 4 × − 1 − 2 × 1 + 1 × 1 − 4 × − 1 + 4 × 5 − 2 × 1
The coordinates of the in-centre of the triangle ABC are 2
 ax1 + bx 2 + cx 3 ay1 + by 2 + cy 3  + 2 × 2 × − 5 × − 4}
 , 
 a+ b+c a+ b + c  1
= (4 − 2 + 1 + 4 + 20 − 2 + 4 + 20)
∴ Required coordinates of incentre are 2
49
 2 13 + 20 2  = = 24 ⋅ 5 square units.
 , 2 13 − 6 17  2
 13 + 17 + 5 2 13 + 17 + 5 2
−4 1 4 2 −4
Hint
15 Let A, B, C and D be the vertices of the quadrilateral 2 −1 1 5 2
whose coordinates are (− 2, − 1)(1, 0), (4 , 3) and (1, 2) 1
respectively. NOTE Area of quadrilateral = {( x1y2 − x2 y1) + ( x2 y3 − x2 y3 )
2
Now, AB = 10, BC = 18, DC = 10, AD = 18 + ( x3 y 4 − x 4 y3 ) + ( x 4 y1 − x1y 4 )}
∴ AB = CD and BC = AD i.e., the opposite sides are equal.
20 Let A, B, C , D be the points (3, 2), (6, 3), ( x y ) and (6, 5)
Hence ABCD is a parallelogram.
respectively.
16 Let A(− 1, 0), B(3, 1), C(2, 2) and D( x, y )be the vertices of a
Since ABCD is a parallelogram, the diagonals AC and BD
parallelogram ABCD taken in order. Since the diagonals of must bisect each other i.e., the mid points of AC and the
a parallelogram bisect each other. mid point of BD must coincide and hence the coordinates of
∴Coordinates of the mid point of AC the two mid points are the same
= Coordinates of the mid point of BD 3+ x 6 + 6 2+ y 3+ 5
∴ = and =
 − 1 + 2 , 0 + 2 =  3 + x , 1 + y  2 2 2 2
⇒ 
 2 2   2 2  or 3 + x = 12 and 2+ y = 8
 1 ,   3 + x , y + 1 or x=9 and y=6
⇒  1 =  
2   2 2  Hence ( x, y ) = (9, 6)

Page 270 of 277

Co-ordinate Geometry 1207

21 Let the line y − x + 2 = 0 divide the join of (3, − 1) and (8, 9) 26 If m1 be the slope of the line passing through the points
at the point P in the ratio k : 1. Then the coordinates of P A(3, 5) and B(− 4, 2), then
 k . 8 + 1.3 k . 9 + 1 (−1)  8k + 3 9k − 1 2− 5 3
are  ,  = ,  m1 = =
 k+1 k+1   k+1 k+1 −4−3 7
Since, this point lies on the line y − x + 2 = 0, we have If m2 be the slope of the perpendicular line CD then
9k − 1 8k + 3 2 m1 ⋅ m2 = − 1
− + 2 = 0 or k =
k+1 k+1 3 3
or m2 = − 1
2 7
Hence the required ratio is k : 1 = : 1 = 2: 3
3 7
or m2 = −
22 Let the points be A(1, 2), B(− 5, 6), C (7, − 4), D(h, − 2) 3
Given, area of the quadrilateral ABCD = 0 27 Let m1 be the slope of line AB
1 3 − (−3) 3
or {(6 + 10) + (20 − 42) + (− 14 + 4h) + (2h + 2)} = 0 ∴ m1 = =
2 6−2 2
or h=3 If m2 be the slope of a line parallel to AB, then
1 3
23 Area of ∆PBC = {(5x + 3y ) + (6 − 20) + (4 y + 2x )} m2 = m1 =
2 2
1 7 28 Let m3 be the slope of line perpendicular to AB, then
= (7 x + 7 y − 14) = ( x + y − 2)
2 2
m1 . m3 = − 1
and area of ∆ABC 3
⇒ ⋅ m3 = − 1
1 2
= {(30 + 9) + (6 − 20) + (12 + 12)}
2 2
⇒ m3 = −
49 3
=
2 3− 6 3
29 m1 = Slope of AB = =
∆PBC x + y − 2 2− 6 4
Hence =
∆ABC 7 7−3
m2 = Slope of BC = =2
y 2 − y1 7 − 5 4−2
24 Slope of the line = = =1
x 2 − x1 9 − 7 7−6 1
and m3 = Slope of AC = =−
Here ( x1, y1 ) ≡ (7, 5) and ( x 2, y 2 ) ≡ (9, 7 ) 4−6 2
1
25 Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of BA and BC respectively. ∴ m2 . m3 = 2 × − = − 1
3−1 1 2
Then m1 = = This shows that BC is perpendicular to AC.
2 − (− 2) 2
Hence, ABC is a right-angled triangle.
−4−3 7
and m2 = = 4 − (− 2)
− 2− 2 4 30 m1 = Slope of AB = =3
3−1
Let θ be the angle between BA and BC. Then
7−4
7 1 and m2 = Slope of BC = =3
− 4−3
m2 − m1 4 2 2
tan θ = = =± ∴ m1 = m2
1 + m1m2 1+ ×
7 1 3
4 2 ∴ AB is parallel to BC and B is common to both AB and BC.
 2 Hence, the point A(1, − 2), B(3, 4)and C(4, 7 )are collinear.
⇒ θ = tan − 1  
 3

Page 271 of 277

1208 QUANTUM CAT
Introductory Exercise 21.2
1 The equation of the line with slope 2/3 and intercept on the 7 Let (− 1, 4) be the point as shown in figure and let P ( x, y )
2
Y-axis 5 is y = x + 5(Q y = mx + c) be any point on the line. Then the gradient (or slope) of the
3 y−4
line = 2.5
2 We have 3x + 3y = 6 x − (− 1)
y
or 3y = − 3x + 6
1 P(x, y)
or y=− x+2
3
Comparing the above equation with y = m x + c we get A(– 1, 4)
1
m=− and c = 2 x
3 O
 1
Hence slope is  −  and intercept on the y -axis is 2.
 3 y−4 5
⇒ =
5 x+1 2
3 We have m= and ( x1, y1 ) = (2, − 3)
4 ⇒ 5x − 2y + 13 = 0
∴ The equation of the line as point slope form is 8 Let the equation of the straight line in the intercept form be
y − y1 = m( x − x1 ) x y
+ =1 …(i)
5 a b
or y − (− 3) = ( x − 2)
4 Since the intercepts are equal, therefore a = b
5 ∴From eq. (i)
or y + 3 = ( x − 2)
4
x+ y=a …(ii)
or 5x − 4 y = 22
Since this line passes through the point (3, − 5)
4 Here a = 2 and b = 3 ∴ 3 + (− 5) = a ⇒ a = − 2
x y
∴The required equation of the line is + = 1 ∴From eq. (ii), the required equation of the straight line is
2 3 x + y = − 2 or x + y + 2 = 0
⇒ 3x + 2y = 6
9 Let the equation of the straight line be
5 We have 3x + 4 y − 12 = 0 x y
+ =1 …(i)
⇒ 3x + 4 y = 12 a b
3x 4 y x y Since intercepts a, b are equal in magnitude but opposite in
⇒ + =1 ⇒ + =1
12 12 4 3 sign.
x
Which is of the form +
y
=1 ∴ b= −a
a b x y
∴ From eq. (i) + =1
Thus the required intercepts on the axes are 4 and 3. a (− a)
6 The equation of the line through the points (− 1, − 2) and or x−y=a …(ii)
y − y1 Since this line passes through the point (− 5, − 8).
(− 5, 2) is ( y − y1 ) = 2 ( x − x1 )
x 2 − x1
∴ − 5 − (− 8) = a
where ( x1, y1 ) ≡ (− 1, − 2) ⇒ a=3
and ( x 2, y 2 ) ≡ (− 5, 2) Hence, from (ii) the required equation of the line is
∴Required equation is x−y=3
2 − (− 2) 10 Let m1 = slope of the line ‘joining’ (1, 2) and (5, 6)
y − (− 2) = [ x − (− 1)]
− 5 − (− 1)
6−2 4
4 ∴ m1 = = =1
or y + 2= ( x + 1) 5−1 4
−4
If m2 be the slope of the perpendicular line, then
or x + y + 3= 0 m1m2 = − 1 ⇒ m2 = − 1 (Q m1 = 1)

Page 272 of 277

Co-ordinate Geometry 1209

∴The required line has slope m2 = − 1 and passes through By the given conditions,
the point (− 4, − 5) AB = 13 ⇒ a . b = 60 …(ii)
Hence, the required equation of the line in the point slope From eq. (i) a + b = 13
2 2
form is
⇒ a2 + b2 = 169
( y − y1 ) = m2 ( x 2 − x1 )
or y − (− 5) = − 1 { x − (− 4)} ⇒ a + b = ± 17
or x+ y+ 9=0 Again (a − b) = (a + b)2 − 4ab = 289 − 240 = 49
2

x y ∴we get a = 12, b = 5 and a = − 12, b = − 5

11 Let the equation of the line AB be + =1 …(i)
a b ∴The required equations of the straight line are
y x y x y
+ = 1 and + =1
12 5 − 12 − 5
B (0, b)
i.e., 5x + 12y = 60 and 5x + 12y + 60 = 0
C (8, 10) 14 Let the equation of the cost curve as a straight line be
4

y = mx + c …(i)
(a, 0)
5

x where x = number of units of a good produced

O A and y = cost of x units in rupees.
Then the coordinates of` A and B are respectively (a, 0) Given, when x = 50, y = 320 and when x = 80, y = 380
and (0, b). from eq. (i) 320 = 50m + c …(ii)
Since C(8, 10) divides AB in the ratio 5 : 4, we have and 380 = 80m + c …(iii)
5× 0 + 4 × a
=8 Subtracting eqs. (ii) from (iii), we get m = 2
5+ 4 Substituting m = 2 in eq. (ii), we get c = 220
5×b+ 4 × 0 ∴ From eq. (i) y = 2x + 220
and = 10
5+ 4 when x = 110, y = 2 × 110 + 220 = 440
or a = 18 and b = 18 Hence , the required cost of producing 110 units is ` 440.
Hence from eq. (i), the required equation of the line AB is 15 Here p = 5 and α = 60°
x y ∴The required equation of the line is
+ = 1 or x + y = 18
18 18 x cos α + y sin α = p
12 Let the equation of the line in the intercept form be or x cos 60° + y sin 60° = 5
x y ⇒ x+ 3y = 10
+ = 1, where a and b are intercepts on the axes.
a b
 3 1
Then a + b = 14 or b = 14 − a Q sin 60° = and cos 60° = 
 2 2
x y
Since the line + = 1 passes through the point (3, 4) ;
a b 16 Here ( x1, y1 ) ≡ (3, − 4) and θ = 60°
3 4 3 4
∴ + = 1 or + =1 The required equation of the line in the symmetric form is
a b a 14 − a x − x1 y − y1
=
or a2 − 13a + 42 = 0 or (a − 6)(a − 7 ) = 0 cos θ sin θ
x−3 y − (− 4)
∴ a = 6, 7 ⇒ =
cos 60° sin 60°
If a = 6 then b = 8
If a = 7 then b = 7 ⇒ 3x − y = 4 + 3 3
Hence the required equation of the line are 17 We have 2x + y = 4 …(i)
x y x y
+ = 1 and + =1 and x− y+1=0 …(ii)
6 8 7 7
Solving eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
or 4 x + 3y = 24 and x + y =7
x = 1 and y=2
13 Since the line passes through A(a, 0) and B(0, b), it makes
∴The point of intersection of eqs. (i) and (ii) is (1, 2).
intercepts aand b on the axes of x and y. Let the equation of
Again 2x − y − 1 = 0 …(iii)
the line be
x y x+ y−8=0 …(iv)
+ =1 …(i) Solving eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get ( x, y ) ≡ (3, 5)
a b

Page 273 of 277

1210 QUANTUM CAT
∴The point of intersection of (3) and (4) is (3, 5) 21 Length of the perpendicular from the point (3, − 2) to the
∴ The required equation of the straight line joining the straight line 12x − 5y + 6 = 0 is
points of intersection (1, 2), (3, 5) is 12 × 3 − 5 × − 2 + 6 36 + 10 + 6
= = 4 units.
(5 − 2) (12)2 + (− 5)2 169
y − 2= ⋅ ( x − 1)
(3 − 1)
22 Putting y = 0 in 5x + 12y − 30 = 0, we get
⇒ 3x − 2y + 1 = 0
5x − 30 = 0 or x=6
18 The equation of the line through the point (4, 5) is
∴(6, 0) is a point on the first line 5x + 12y − 30 = 0
y − 5 = m( x − 4) …(i)
Required distance between the parallel lines =
where m is the slope of the line.
Perpendicular distance of the point (6, 0) from the second
Now the given line is 2x − y + 7 = 0
line 5x + 12y − 4 = 0.
⇒ y = 2x + 7 …(ii)
5.6 + 12.0 − 4 30 − 4
If m1 be the slope of the line (ii), then m1 = 2 = = = 2 units
52 + 122 13
If eq. (i) makes an angle of 45° with eq. (ii), then we have
m1 ~ m 2− m 2~ m 23 The equation of the line through the point of intersection of
tan 45° = = i.e.,
1 + m . m1 1 + 2m 1 + 2m 2x − 3y + 1 = 0 and x + y − 2 = 0, is
m−2 2− m (2x − 3y + 1) + k( x + y − 2) = 0
∴ either 1 = or 1 =
1 + 2m 1 + 2m i.e., (2 + k )x + (k − 3)y + (1 − 2k ) = 0 …(i)
m−2 If this line is parallel to the y-axis, then its equation must be
If = 1 then m = − 3
1 + 2m of the form x = h, i,e, the coefficient of y in (i) must be zero.
2− m 1 ∴ k − 3 = 0 or k = 3
If = 1 then m =
1 + 2m 3
Hence, from (i) the required equation of the line is
Hence, from (i) the required equation of the two lines is (2 + 3)x + 0 . y + (1 − 2 × 3) = 0 [Putting k = 3]
1
y − 5 = − 3( x − 4) and y − 5 = ( x − 4) ⇒ x =1
3
⇒ 3x − y − 17 = 0 and x − 3y + 11 = 0 24 The equation of any line passing through the point of
intersection of the lines x + 2y − 3 = 0 and 4 x − y + 7 = 0
19 The equation of any straight line parallel to the line
is
8 x + 7 y + 5 = 0 is 8 x + 7 y + c = 0 …(i)
where c is an arbitrary constant. x + 2y − 3 + k (4 x − y + 7 ) = 0 …(i)
If the line (i) passes through the point (5, − 6), then or (1 + 4k ) x (2 − k )y + (7 k − 3) = 0 …(ii)
8 × 5 + 7 × (− 6) + c = 0 4k + 1
m1 = Slope of the line (ii) =
⇒ c=2 k−2

Hence from (i), the required equation of the straight line is and m2 = (Slope of the line y − x + 10 = 0) = 1
8x + 7 y + 2 = 0 If the line (i) be parallel to the line y − x + 10 = 0
20 Solving x + y = 8 and 3x − 2y + 1 = 0 , we get the point of 4k + 1
then =1 ⇒ k = −1
k−2
intersection.
∴The point of intersection is (3, 5). Hence from (i), the required equation of the line is
Now, the equation of the line joining the points ( x + 2y − 3) − 1 . (4 x − y + 7 ) = 0
(6 − 4) ⇒ 3x − 3y + 10 = 0
(3, 4) and (5, 6) is ( y − 4) = ( x − 3)
(5 − 3)
25 Solving 2x − y + 5 = 0 and 5x + 3y − 4 = 0, we get x = − 1
⇒ x− y+1=0 …(i) and y = 3 i.e., the point of intersection of the given lines is
∴The equation of the line parallel to the line (− 1, 3).
x − y + 1 = 0 is ∴The equation of any line perpendicular to the line
x − y +c=0 …(ii) x − 3y + 21 = 0 is 3x + y + k = 0 …(i)
Where c is an arbitrary constant. If the line passes through If this line (i) passes through the point (− 1, 3) then
the point (3, 5) then 3× −1 + 3+ k = 0
3 − 5 + c = 0 or c = 2 ⇒ k=0
Hence from (2), the required equation of the line is ∴From (i), the required equation of the line is 3x + y = 0.
x − y + 2 = 0.

Page 274 of 277

Co-ordinate Geometry 1211

26 The equation of any line passing through the intersection of 24

⇒ ab = 24 ⇒ b=
the lines 3x + 4 y − 7 = 0 and x − y + 2 = 0 is a
(3x + 4 y − 7 ) + k( x − y + 2) = 0 …(i) 24
Substituting b = in (ii), we get
3+ k a
Slope of the line = − =3
4−k 8
=
6
= 1 ⇒ a = 4 or − 8 and b = 6 or − 3
15 a 24
⇒ k= a
2
Hence, from (i) the equation of the straight line are
Hence, from (i) the required equation of the line is
x y x −y
15 − = 1 and − =1
(3x + 4 y − 7 ) + ( x − y + 2) = 0 4 6 −8 −3
2
⇒ 21 x − 7 y + 16 = 0 ⇒ 3x − 2y = 12 and 3x − 8 y + 24 = 0
27 The equation of any line passing through the point of 29 The equation of the lines may be written as 3x + 4 y + 2 = 0
intersection of the lines 3x − 4 y + 1 = 0 and 5x + y − 1 = 0 and − 5x + 12y + 6 = 0 in which the constant terms 2 and 6
is are both positive.
(3x − 4 y + 1) + k(5x + y − 1) = 0 …(i) The equation of the bisector of the angle in which the
for intercept of this line with the x-axis, y = 0 3x + 4 y + 2 − 5x + 12y + 6
origin lies is =
∴ 3x + 1 + k(5x − 1) = 0 33 + 42 (− 5)2 + (12)2
k −1
⇒ x= ⇒ 16 x − 12y − 1 = 0
5k + 3
The equation of the other bisector is
For intercept of the line (i) on the y-axis, x = 0 3x + 4 y + 2 − (− 5x + 12y + 6)
=
∴ − 4 y + 1 + k( y − 1) = 0 32 + 42 (− 5)2 + (12)2
k −1
⇒ y= ⇒ x + 8y + 4 = 0
k−4
Since the intercepts on the axes are equal.
30 Let the equations of the sides BC , CA and AB of the triangle
k −1 k −1 7 ABC be represented by
∴ = ⇒ k = 1, or x = −
5k + 3 k − 4 4 2y − x = 5 …(i)
But k ≠ 1, because if k = 1, the line (i) becomes 8 x − 3y = 0 y + 2x = 7 …(ii)
which passes through the origin and therefore cannot make y − x =1 …(iii)
non-zero intercepts on the axis. Solving the above 3 eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
7  9 17 
∴ k = − and from (i), we get A(2, 3), B(3, 4) and C  , 
4 5 5
7
3x − 4 y + 1 − (5x + y − 1) = 0 ∴The area of ∆ABC
4 1 17 9 9 17 
= 2 × 4 − 3 × 3 + 3 × − 4 × + × 3− × 2
⇒ 23x + 23y = 11, which is the required equation of the 2 5 5 5 5 
line. 1 51 36 27 34 3
= 8 − 9 + − + − = units.
28 We have
x y
− =1 …(i) 2 5 5 5 5  10
a b
Since (i) passes through the point (8, 6) 31 Let A(1, 2), B(2, 3) and C(4, 3) be the vertices of ∆ABC.
8 6 3− 3
∴ − =1 …(ii) m1 = Slope of BC = = 0 i.e., BC is parallel to the
a b 4−2
The line (i) meets the x-axis at the point given by y = 0 and x-axis.
from (i) x = a i.e, the line (i) meets the x-axis at the point ∴The perpendicular from A(1, 2) to BC is parallel to the
A(a, 0). y-axis and its equation is x = h, which passes through
Similarly, the line meets the y-axis ( x = 0) at the point A(1, 2)
B(0, − b). ∴h = 1 i..e, the equation of the perpendicular from A(1, 2)
By the given condition, area of ∆ = 12 on BC is x = 1 …(i)
1 3− 2 1
⇒ ab = 12 m2 = Slope of AC = =
2 4 −1 3

Page 275 of 277

1212 QUANTUM CAT
If m2′ be the slope of a line perpendicular to AC then By the given condition,
1 1
m2m2′ = − 1 or ⋅ m2′ = − 1 or m2′ = − 3 ± (3x1 + y1 − 7 ) = 5
3 2
∴ The equation of the perpendicular from B(2, 3) on AC ⇒ 3x1 + y1 − 7 = ± 10
whose slope is − 3 is ⇒ 3x1 + y1 = 17 …(ii)
y − 3 = − 3( x − 2) and 3x1 + y1 = − 3 …(iii)
⇒ 3x + y = 9 …(ii) Solving eqs. (i) and (ii) we get
7 13
The orthocentre is the point of intersection of two lines (i) x1 = , y1 =
and (ii) 2 2
∴From eqs. (i) and (iii), we get Solving eqs. (i) and (iii) we get
3×1 + y = 9 3 3
x1 = − and y1 =
⇒ y=6 2 2
∴The required coordinates of the orthocentre are (1, 6)  7 13
Hence, the coordinates of the third vertex is either  , 
 2 2
32 Let A( x1, y1 ) be the third vertex. Let AD, BE , CF be the
 3 3
perpendiculars from the vertices on the opposite side or  − , 
 2 2
BC , CA, AB respectively. Then the orthocentre O(0, 0) is the
point of intersection of AD, BE and CF. 34 Equation of any line L perpendicular to
Since AD i.e. OA is perpendicular to BC. 5x − y = 1 is x + 5y = k …(i)
∴ Slope of BA × slope of BC = − 1 Where k is an arbitrary constant.
y1 − 0 3 − (− 1) If this line cuts x-axis at A and y-axis at B, then for A, y = 0
or × = −1
x1 − 0 − 2− 5 and from (i) x = k i.e., A is the point (k, 0) for B, x = 0 and
7 x1 k  k
⇒ y1 = …(i) from (i) y = i.e., B is the point  0, 
4 5  5
Again, since OB is perpendicular to CA 1
∴ Area of the given ∆ OAB = ( x1 y 2 − x 2, y1 )
− 1 − 0 y1 − 3 2
∴ × = −1
5− 0 x1 + 2 1  k2  k2
=  − 0 =
⇒ 5x1 + 10 = y1 − 3 2 5  10
 7x  k2
⇒ x1 = − 4 Q y1 = 1  But the given condition =5
 4  10
7 x1 7 × (− 4) or k 2 = 50
From eq. (i), y1 = = = −7
4 4
∴ k=±5 2
Hence, the required coordinates of the third vertex A are Hence, from (i), the required equation of the line is
( x1, y1 ) = (− 4, − 7 )
x + 5y = 5 2
33 Let ( x1, y1 ) be the third vertex then or x + 5y = − 5 2
y1 = x1 + 3 …(i) 35 Let ABCD be the square and let (1, 2) and (3, 8) be the
The area of the triangle formed by the points (2, 1), (3, − 2) coordinates of opposite vertices A and C respectively.
and ( x1, y1 ) The equation of the diagonal AC is
1 8−2
= {− 4 − 3 + 3y1 + 2x1 + x1 − 2y1} y − 2= ( x − 1)
2 3−1
1
= (3x1 + y1 − 7 ) ⇒ 3x − y = 1
2

Page 276 of 277

Co-ordinate Geometry 1213

Level 01 Basic Level Exercise

19 × 20 Therefore the area of the circle, πr2 ≥ 4π
1. Total integral points = 1 + 2 + 3 +… + 19 = = 190.
2
Hence choice (a) is the correct one.
Hence choice (b) is the correct one.
6. First we draw the four circles each with radius 1 unit and
2. Area of the larger square is 91, so each side of this square
all of them would be symmetric as shown in the following
will be little larger than 9 but less than 10.
diagram. So it is obvious that the centre of the larger circle
From the following figure you can understand that each would be origin (0, 0).
side of this square will have 9 integral points. So the total
integral points this square will contain = 9 × 9 = 81.
And, area of the smaller square is 27, so each side of this
square will be little larger than 5 but less than 6. From the (1,1)
following figure you can understand that each side of this
square will have 5 integral points. So the total number of
integral points contained by this square = 5 × 5 = 25
So the number of integer coordinates outside the smaller
square region and inside the larger square region is
81 − 25 = 56

And the radius of the larger circle = distance between the

origin and the centre of the smaller circle + radius of the
smaller circle = 2 + 1
Therefore the equation of the larger circle
= x 2 + y 2 = ( 2 + 1)2
7. First of all draw a rectangle encapsulating the triangle.
Now, area of the desired triangle = Area of rectangle − Area
of all the three triangles I, II and III.
Length of the rectangle = 3 − (−7 ) = 10
Hence choice (c) is the correct one. Breadth of the rectangle = 4 − (−5) = 9
1 Therefore, area of the rectangle
3. Slope of x + 3y = 4 is − . And slope of 6 x − 2y = 7 is 3.
3 = 10 × 9 = 90
Therefore, these two lines are perpendicular which shows 1
that diagonals are perpendicular. Area of triangle I = (9 × 6) = 27
2
Hence PQRS must be a rhombus. 1
Area of triangle II = (10 × 6) = 30
4. Since all three lines pass through a common point, 2
therefore they will satisfy each other as follows. 1
Area of triangle III = (4 × 3) = 6
3 = m(m + c) + 4 2
⇒ m2 + cm + 1 = 0
(–7, 4) (3, 4)
Since m is a real number, so the discriminant must be
non-negative. That means, c2 − 4 ≥ 0 II
⇒ c2 ≥ 4 ⇒ c ≥ 2 or − c ≥ 2
⇒ | c| ≥ 2
Therefore, the least possible value of| c| is 2.
(3, –2)
Hence choice (c) is the correct one. I
III
5. The distance between the given points
(–7, –5) (–1, –5) (3, –5)
= (1 − 1)2 + (1 − 5)2 = 4
Since the given points lie on the circumference of the circle, Therefore area of the desired triangle
so the diameter of the circle must be greater than or equal
= 90 − (27 + 30 + 6) = 27.
to 4. That means the radius of this circle must be greater
than or equal to 2. That is r ≥ 2. Hence choice (a) is the correct one.

Page 277 of 277