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os_lab_9pgm

The document provides a C program that demonstrates how to create a message queue, send messages to it, and receive messages from it using System V IPC. It outlines the steps for generating a unique key for the message queue, sending a message with a specified message number and content, and receiving a message of a specific type. Additionally, it includes explanations of the key functions used in the program and instructions for compilation and execution.

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nischal3202
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27 views

os_lab_9pgm

The document provides a C program that demonstrates how to create a message queue, send messages to it, and receive messages from it using System V IPC. It outlines the steps for generating a unique key for the message queue, sending a message with a specified message number and content, and receiving a message of a specific type. Additionally, it includes explanations of the key functions used in the program and instructions for compilation and execution.

Uploaded by

nischal3202
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Write a C program

a. To create a message queue and


b. To send message to a message queue by mentioning message id,
message and message number
a. Receive message from message queue by mentioning message id and
message number.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include <unistd.h>

// Define the message structure


struct msg_buffer {
long msg_type; // Message type (must be > 0)
int msg_number; // Message number
char msg_text[100]; // Message content
};

int main() {
key_t key; // Message queue key
int msgid; // Message queue ID
struct msg_buffer message;

// Create a unique key for the message queue


key = ftok("msgqueue.c", 65); // Use the file "msgqueue.c" and project ID 65

if (key == -1) {
perror("ftok failed");
exit(1);
}

// Create the message queue


msgid = msgget(key, 0666 | IPC_CREAT); // 0666 gives read/write permission

if (msgid == -1) {
perror("msgget failed");
exit(1);
}
// Part (b): Send message to the message queue
printf("Enter message number: ");
scanf("%d", &message.msg_number);
getchar(); // To consume the newline character left by scanf

printf("Enter the message: ");


fgets(message.msg_text, sizeof(message.msg_text), stdin);

// Remove the newline character at the end of the input string


message.msg_text[strcspn(message.msg_text, "\n")] = '\0';

message.msg_type = 1; // Msg type is always > 0 (1 is a common choice)

// Send the message to the message queue

if (msgsnd(msgid, &message, sizeof(message) - sizeof(long), 0) == -1)


{
perror("msgsnd failed");
exit(1);
}

printf("Message sent: Type = %ld, Number = %d, Text = %s\n",


message.msg_type, message.msg_number, message.msg_text);

// Part (c): Receive message from the message queue


printf("Receiving message...\n");

// To receive the message from the queue


if (msgrcv(msgid, &message, sizeof(message) - sizeof(long), 1, 0) == -1) {
perror("msgrcv failed");
exit(1);
}

printf("Message received: Type = %ld, Number = %d, Text = %s\n",


message.msg_type, message.msg_number, message.msg_text);

// Remove the message queue


if (msgctl(msgid, IPC_RMID, NULL) == -1) {
perror("msgctl failed");
exit(1);
}

return 0;
}
Explanation:
1. Message Queue Creation:
o ftok() generates a unique key for the message queue using a file
(msgqueue.c in this case) and a project ID (65). This key is used by
msgget() to create a message queue.
o msgget() creates a message queue if it doesn't already exist or
retrieves the ID of an existing queue.
o 0666 | IPC_CREAT gives read and write permissions to the
message queue for all users.
2. Sending Message:
o The msg_buffer struct is used to store the message, which consists
of a message type (msg_type), a message number (msg_number),
and the message text (msg_text).
o msgsnd() sends the message to the queue. The sizeof(message) -
sizeof(long) is used to avoid counting the size of the long field
msg_type.
3. Receiving Message:
o msgrcv() is used to receive a message from the message queue.
The message type specified is 1 (this matches the type of message
sent earlier). The received message is then displayed.
4. Cleaning Up:
o The message queue is deleted using msgctl() with the IPC_RMID
option after the message is received.
Compilation and Execution:
1. Save the code in a file (e.g., msgqueue.c).
2. Compile the program using gcc:
gcc msgqueue.c –
./a.out

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