SCIENCE 10

4th QUARTER
Module 8

TO THE LEARNERS

1.Set a conducive learning space at home so you can focus on your studies.
2.Seek assistance from your parents or guardian to guide you in doing the activities.
3.Take down important concepts and list questions you would like to ask from your
teacher.
4.Reflect and apply the concepts that you have learned.
The Writer
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on the space
provided before the number.

1. Which of the following is TRUE about a catalyst?

A. Increases particle size C. Increases activation energy
B. Decreases temperature D. Decreases activation energy
2. Which of the following statements best describe the diagram below?
A. The catalyzed reaction has a
lower activation energy.
B. The catalyzed reaction has a
higher activation energy.
C. The catalyzed reaction has no
effect with the activation energy.
D. The catalyzed and uncatalyzed
reactions have the same
activation energy.
3. Which of the following BEST shows the effect of concentration of
reactants in the rate of chemical reaction?
A. Burning of large and small charcoal
B. Freezing of foods to prevent spoilage.
C. Manufacturing ammonia in industrial factories.
D. Too much exposure of iron in air causing it to rust.
4. What is the effect of Chlorine radical (Cl•) atoms from the
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) substances in the destruction of ozone (O 3)
layer in the stratosphere?
A. Cl• atom serves as a catalyst that speeds up the reaction to destroy
Ozone (O3) layer.
B. Cl• atom serves as a catalyst that slows down the reaction to destroy
Ozone (O3) layer.
C. Cl• atom has low temperature that speeds up the reaction to destroy
Ozone (O3) layer.
D. Cl• atom has small surface area that speeds up the reaction to
destroy Ozone (O3) layer.
5. How do you suggest people to slow down the spoilage of food?
A. Marinade food overnight. C. Wash food with warm water.
B. Store food in refrigerator. D. Cook food using the pressure cooker.
Looking Back
Directions: Complete the statements below by encircling the correct word or
phrases given inside the parenthesis.
1. Collision Theory explains that reactions can only happen when the
reactant particle (collide, split, is not moving)
2. Nature of reactants affect the rate of reaction, the weaker the bonds in
the reactants, the (faster, slower) the reaction.
3. The state or phase of the reactants, (solids, liquids, gases) are usually
increased the rate of a reaction.
4. (Low, High) temperature speeds up reaction rates.
5. With an increase in temperature, there are (more. less) kinetic energy needed
for fast reaction.

Brief Introduction
The presence of “catalysts” is another factor that affects the rate of
chemical reactions. To understand how a catalyst hastens a chemical reaction,
look at the diagram below.

https://sites.google.com/site/keremschemistrynotesib2/chapter-6--
kinematics/6-1-describe-the-effect-of-a-catalyst-on-a-chemical-reaction

The diagram illustrates how catalyst affect the rate of reaction. The
activation energy of the uncatalyzed reactions is higher than that of the
catalyzed reaction. Catalysts are substances that speed up reaction rates by
providing alternative reaction pathways with lower activation energy. The
catalyzed reaction has a lower activation energy which means that a lower
amount of energy is needed for the reaction to proceed. As a result, the reaction
occurs more readily.

Example:

4Fe (s) + 3O2 (g) + 2 H2O (l) = 2Fe2O3 (Ferric Oxide) •2H2O

Iron + air (O2 and H2O) = Rust (hydrated ferric oxide)

During the rusting of iron (corrosion of iron), iron metal is oxidized by the oxygen
of air in the presence of water (moisture) to form hydrated iron (III) oxide called rust.
Presence of water speeds up the rusting of iron but it remains unchanged after the

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reaction occurs. Water serves as a catalyst in the rusting of iron. Also,
an electrolyte (salt solution) speeds up rusting. Salt water does not make
a metal rust, but it accelerates the rusting process because electrons
move more easily in salt water than they do in pure water.

It must be mentioned, however, that there are also

substances that slow down reactions. They are often referred
to as inhibitors. An inhibitor is a substance that interferes
with the action of a catalyst.

Activity 1.1 “It’s Experiment Time!”

Objective: Perform a simple activity on how the presence of catalyst affects the rate of reactions.

Materials:
2 small plastic bottles
water
clean iron nails (any sizes)
table salt

Procedure: Reminder: Be careful of handling pointed objects.

1. Pour each plastic bottle with 1 cup of water.

2. Put 1 spoonful of table salt the second bottle. Shake until the
salt completely dissolves in water.
3. Label the two bottles as bottle A (water only) and bottle B (water
with salt) respectively.
4. Submerge at least two clean iron nails (any size) in each bottle
then cap both bottles.
5. Let it stay in the corner for about an hour.
6. Observe and compare the nail in bottle A and in bottle B.

Illustrations:

Observations: Describe what happened to

the nails in Bottle A with water and Bottle
B with salt solution.

Guide Questions:

1. Which bottle shows faster rusting of iron nails? Which substance do you
think caused the fast rusting of iron nails?
____________________________________________________________________

2. What does this substance in the experiment represent? Was that substance
get used up in the rusting of iron?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

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3. How would you compare the reaction rates in the bottle without catalyst
and in the bottle with catalyst?

4. How do you define catalyst based on the experiment?

_______________________________________________________________________

“Over reAct-ion”
Objective: Explain how the presence of catalyst affects the rate of chemical
reactions.

Directions: Study and analyze the illustration about the effects of catalyst on
the rate of chemical reaction. Draw if the statement is TRUE
and if the statement is FALSE inside the box.

Activation Energy (Ea)

Energy (Ea) Activation
Energy (Ea)

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/energy_enzymes_catalysis/01t.html

1. The activation energy of the uncatalyzed reactions is lower

than that of the catalyzed reaction.

2. Ea stands for activation energy which refers to the minimum

energy required to start the reaction.

5. The presence of catalyst increases the reaction rate by

lowering the activation energy for reaction.

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“Show and Tell”

Objective: State how temperature, surface area, concentration and catalysts

affect the rate of chemical reaction.

Directions: Complete each statement by filling in the blanks with the correct
word. Choices are given below each factor.

Temperature:

The 2.__________________ the temperature, the

faster the chemical reaction.

The 3.__________________ the temperature,

the slower the chemical reaction.

Slow 1. Choices: higher, lower, fast

Surface Area:

The _5.____________________ the surface area

of reactants, the faster the chemical reaction.

The _6.____________________ the surface area

Collision rate per of reactants, the slower the chemical
second reaction.

4. Fast
Choices: greater, lesser, slow

Concentration of Reactants:

The higher the concentration of the reactants,

the _9._______________ the chemical reaction.

The lesser the concentration of the reactants,

the slower the chemical reaction.

7. 8. Choices: Slow, fast, faster

Presence of Catalysts:

Ea Ea The 11.__________________ of catalysts in the

reaction, the faster the reaction, the
_12._______________ the activation energy.

The 13.__________________ of catalysts in the

reaction, the 14._______________ the reaction,
the higher the 15. _________________________.

Choices: presence, absence, fast,

Slow 10.
activation energy, lower, slower

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“Go This Way”

Objective: Predict which direction will be favored given the following factors
affecting the rate of reaction.
Directions: Draw an arrow up (↑) inside the circle if the factor can help speed up
the reaction rate or an arrow down (↓) if the factor can slow down a
reaction rate.

“Application in Real Life”

Objective: Explain on how different factors affecting the rate of reactions are being
applied in environment and community.
Directions: Determine what factor affects the rate of chemical reactions applied in
the following examples that usually happen in our environment and
community. Shade the circle of the correct answer.

1. Fast spoilage 2. Rusting of 3. Slow burning 4. Slow

of bread Iron of charcoal development
Due to high of plant
Due to Due to size temperature Due to the
temperature of particles presence of
Due to Due to the Due to small Catalyst
Surface Area size of iron surface area Due to the
Due to the Due to absence of
concentration presence of Due to catalyst
of reactant catalyst Due to high
catalyst
temperature

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Check Your Understanding
Directions: Complete the concept Map. Choose your answer from the word pool below.

Increase the rate

3. when size of
particle is small

1.
Temperature

4. 6.
Factors
Affecting the
Rate of
5.
Reactions
7.

2. Catalysts

Decrease the rate

when less 8.
concentrated

Remember There are four main factors that can affect the rate of a
chemical reaction:

1. Concentration. If the concentration of reactants is increased,

there are more reactant particles moving together. The higher the
concentration of reactants, the faster the rate of a reaction will be.

2. Particle size and surface area. By decreasing the particle size

of a reactant, we are increasing its surface area. The greater the
surface area, thus the faster the rate of reaction. The smaller the
particle size the faster the reaction.

3. Temperature. Increasing the temperature increases the rate of

reaction because the particles collide more often and with more
energy. The higher the temperature, the faster the rate of a
reaction will be.

4. Catalyst. A catalyst speeds up the rate of a reaction but it is

not used up in the reaction. If a catalyst is present, the reacting
particles can collide more successfully with less energy and so the
rate of reaction increases.

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Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on the space
provided before the number.

1. How would you describe a catalyst?

A. A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of reaction by
decreasing the activation energy.
B. A catalyst is a substance that decreases the rate of reaction by
increasing the activation energy.
C. A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of reaction by
increasing the activation energy.
D. A catalyst is a substance that decreases the rate of reaction by
decreasing the activation energy.

2. Which of the following statements will describe the diagram below?

Activation Activation
Energy (Ea) Energy (Ea)

A. The absence of catalysts in the reaction will reduce the activation

energy and make the chemical reaction faster.
B. The absence of catalysts in the reaction will reduce the activation
energy and make the chemical reaction slower.
C. The presence of catalysts in the reaction will reduce the activation
energy and make the chemical reaction faster.
D. The presence of catalysts in the reaction will accelerate the
activation energy and make the chemical reaction slower.

3. Which of the following examples shows the effect of temperature in the

rate of chemical reaction?

A. The size of B. Spoilage of

charcoal used Bread
in grilling

4. How does the burning of styrofoam affects the depletion of ozone layer?
A. It produces CFCs that catalyze the ozone depletion.
B. It produces CO2 that catalyze the ozone depletion.
C. It produces HNO3 that catalyze the ozone depletion.
D. It produces NH3 that catalyze the ozone depletion.

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5. Which of the following is/are the advantage/s of adding
catalysts in manufacturing industrial products?
A. It helps the industries to reduce its production cost.
B. Catalysts are usually used to increase the rate of industrial
processes.
C. Catalysts enable the processes to be completed in
shorter time at low temperature and pressure.
D. All of the above.

Reflection

OUT OF THE BOX

IN THE BOX
Before:
I used to think
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

After:
Now, I realized
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_________________

Congratulations! You are awesome.

Thanks for completing all the tasks.