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CULTURE- TRADITION- AND ETHICS

Chapter 6 discusses the intersection of culture, tradition, and ethics, emphasizing the influence of cultural norms on moral behavior and ethical reasoning. It highlights the challenges posed by cultural multiplicity and the concepts of ethnocentrism and cultural relativism, which advocate for understanding cultures on their own terms. Additionally, it outlines Filipino core values and the importance of norms and values in shaping behavior within different cultural contexts.

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Charity Macapagal
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14 views

CULTURE- TRADITION- AND ETHICS

Chapter 6 discusses the intersection of culture, tradition, and ethics, emphasizing the influence of cultural norms on moral behavior and ethical reasoning. It highlights the challenges posed by cultural multiplicity and the concepts of ethnocentrism and cultural relativism, which advocate for understanding cultures on their own terms. Additionally, it outlines Filipino core values and the importance of norms and values in shaping behavior within different cultural contexts.

Uploaded by

Charity Macapagal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 6:

CULTURE,
TRADITION, AND
ETHICS
BY MR. ARNOLD C. SIMON, LPT
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
● Have an enriched understanding of culture and its crucial
role in ethical reasoning.
● Recognize how culture can sometimes be in conflict with
ethics.
● Appreciate other cultures to widen their ethical horizon.
● Identify challenges posed to ethical reasoning by
multiplicity of cultures.
● Include cultural elements in weighing ethical issues.
CULTURE
●Reflects the moral values and ethical norms governing
how people should behave and interact with others.
●Refers to the outlook, attitude, values, goals, and
practices shared by a group, organization, or society.
●Vary over time periods between countries and geographic
regions, and among groups and organizations.
MORAL BEHAVIOR
Action or actions that produce good outcomes for the
individuals as members of a community, or society. It can
be applied to the whole global society. Schuman defines
moral behavior as “Act intended to produce kind and /or
fair outcomes.”
There are different sources that might
influence the way a person behaves
morally, these include our family, the
community we belong, the religion we
practice, our school, and even the virtual
world we see – the social media. These
factors may, in one way or another, affect
our behaviour as a moral person.
FACTORS THAT
INFLUENCE A
PERSON'S
MORAL
BEHAVIOR
Family – the basic unit in
a society. It includes one’s
biological or adoptive
family of orientation. The
same provides us with
our basic needs to survive
and develop as a
significant member of the
society.
School – it may
include formal or
non-formal
educational
system that
provides a child
with his learning
needs.
Church – the
institution that
determines what
is specifically
considered as
right or wrong. It
is composed of
believers in the
same faith.
Mass media – those
agencies that are
purposive of
entertaining,
informing and
educating through
various channels like
the radio, television,
printed materials etc.
CULTURAL NORMS
●Are the shared, sanctioned, and
integrated systems of beliefs and
practices that are passed down through
generations and characterize a cultural
group.
NORMS
● Cultivate reliable guidelines for daily living and contribute
to the health and well-being of a culture.
● They act as prescriptions for correct and moral behavior,
lend meaning and coherence to life, and provide a means
of achieving a sense of integrity, safety, and belonging.
● These normative beliefs, together with related cultural
values and rituals, impose a sense of order and control on
aspects of life that might otherwise appear chaotic or
unpredictable.
This is where culture intersects with
ethics. Since interpretations of what
is moral are influenced by cultural
norms, the possibility exists that
what is ethical to one group will not
be considered so by someone living
in a different culture.
EXAMPLE

The French and Americans have different views on


whistle-blowing. Compared to the French, American
companies consider it to be a natural part of business. So
natural, in fact, that they set up anonymous hotlines. The
French, on the other hand, tend to view whistle-blowing as
undermining solidarity among coworkers. French, on the
other hand, tend to view whistle-blowing as undermining
solidarity among coworkers.
CULTURAL BEHAVIOR
Cultures vary substantially in both moral judgements and
moral behaviors. Cultural variations in morality within the
societies can vary much as cultural variations in morality
between societies. Cultural factors contributing to this
variation includes religion, social ecology (weather, crop
conditions, population density, pathogen prevalence,
residential mobility), and regulatory social institutions such
as kinship structures and economic markets.
Cultural behavior is
behavior exhibited by
humans (and, some
would argue, by other
species as well,
though to a much
lesser degree) that is
extrasomatic or
extragenetic—in other
words, learned.
This is certainly a complex feat of engineering,
but it is not cultural. This behavior is
instinctive, built into the ants' behavior
mechanisms. They cannot alter their plans or
think of better ways to join leaves. They
cannot teach or be taught to do so.However,
there are examples of animals that can learn
behaviors, such as dogs and cats.
● A dog doesn't know instinctively not to
urinate or defecate indoors, but it can be
taught not to do so.

● Dogs are capable of learning specific


behaviors.

● A dog's acquisition of a behavior satisfies one


of the requirements of culture, but it also
fulfills another.

● If you were to take a dog that has learned not


to eliminate indoors to a different house, it
would still know not to urinate there.

● This is because the dog has made a


generalization. It knows not to urinate or
defecate in any house, not just the one in
which it was taught.
ETHNOCENTRISM
Ethnocentrism is the tendency to look at the
world primarily from the perspective of one's
own culture. Part of ethnocentrism is the belief
that one's own race, ethnic or cultural group is
the most important or that some or all aspects
of its culture are superior to those of other
groups.
CULTURAL
RELATIVISM
Cultural relativism is the practice of assessing
a culture by its own standards rather than
viewing it through the lens of one’s own
culture. Practicing cultural relativism requires
an open mind and a willingness to consider,
and even adapt to, new values and norms.
CULTURAL
RELATIVISM
Is the view that ethical system and cultural beliefs
vary from one culture to another. It is uphold that
said ethical system are all equal in validity and of
relevance. It comes from the idea that moral
standards are product of society. This philosophical
principle started from the Greek philosopher
Protagoras Of Abdera.
Protagoras of Abdera - was born in
Abdera, a coastal town in northern- must
Aegean Sea. He was said to be the oldest
and the most influential among all the
sophists who had came to Athens. He
spent the most of his adult life travelling
throughout the Greek empire, teaching
everyone for a fee. He was probably the
first Greek to earn money in higher
education and was considered as the
most notorious for the extremely high
fees he charged. As a teacher, his
audience consisted mainly of wealthy
men from Athens’ social and commercial
elite.
Moral Relativism - is the idea that there is no
universal or absolute set of moral principle. It's a
version of morality that advocates “to each her
own,” and those who follow it say “who am I to
judge?”

Protagoras believed that the young should be


educated to accept and support the tradition of
their society, not because this tradition is true but
because it makes possible a stable society.
Doctrine of Ethical Relativism - also known as moral relativism is
the ideas arises when the laws and moral rules are based, not
upon nature but upon convention.

Moral Relativist - went on with the idea of Protagoras by saying


what is moral relativism. Standards of right and wrong are
always relative to a particular culture. Argue that there exist no
point from which these norms can be upheld, no universal or
absolute criteria they can be criticized. Would have the claim that
whether an action as regard right or wrong depends upon the
society judging it. They claim that the different sets of moral
principles are of equal worth and nobody can claim that their
moral beliefs and culture is better than that of the others.
ASIAN AND FILIPINO
MORAL BEHAVIOR
Moral Behavior.
To act accordingly to one's moral values and
standards. Children demonstrate prosocial and
moral behavior when they share, help,
co-operate, communicate, sympathize or in
otherwise they demonstrate ability to care
about others.
Norms.
Are expectation of proper behavior not the requirement of that
behavior. Norms are the way that individual expects all the
people to act in a given situation. Norms are informal about what
is considered normal (what is correct or incorrect) social behavior
in a particular group or social unit.

Types of Norms
1. Formal social norms are based on the society's laws. The laws are
created by us, for us, so we can live in peace as a society.
2. Informal social norms are the norms we have that are based on culture
and social interactions, these vary between groups in the same society
and cultures depending on your social identity and group belonging.
Types of Informal Norms
• Mores is a set of moral norms or customs derived from
generally accepted practices. Mores derive from the established
practices of a society rather than its written laws.
• Folkway A custom or belief common to members of a society or
culture.

Values.
Values are a collective representation of what constitutes a
good life or a good society. Values are important and lasting
belief or ideals shared by members of a culture about what
is good or bad or desirable or undesirables. Values have
major influence on a person’s behavior and attitude and
serve as broad guidelines in all situation.
https://youtu.be/IazZLVwUJUA

FILIPINO CORE VALUES

1. Respect for elders (Paggalang sa nakatatanda)


2. Empathy (Pag-intindi sa nararamdaman ng iba)
3. Deep regard for fellow humans (Pakikipagkapwa-tao)
4. Patriotism (Pagiging makabayan)
5. Cultural continuity (Pagpapatuloy sa kultura)
Belief.
Belief are criteria of abstract thought that
does not necessarily evoke actions. It may
instigate or forces certain quest in the
environment that coheres onto the behavior
in a certain manner.
END OF
PRESENTATION.

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