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SCIENCE

A four-stroke engine is an internal combustion engine that completes four distinct strokes: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. Each stroke plays a crucial role in the engine's operation, from drawing in the air-fuel mixture to expelling exhaust gases. This engine design is commonly used in various motorized vehicles, including cars and motorcycles.

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11 views

SCIENCE

A four-stroke engine is an internal combustion engine that completes four distinct strokes: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. Each stroke plays a crucial role in the engine's operation, from drawing in the air-fuel mixture to expelling exhaust gases. This engine design is commonly used in various motorized vehicles, including cars and motorcycles.

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msigravity
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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VAN AIRA G.

VIAJAR 9 - GALILEO SCIENCE GROUP 1 9/10/24

FOUR-STROKE ENGENE

A four-stroke, also known as four-cycle engine, is an internal combustion


(IC) engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes while
turning the crankshaft. A stroke refers to the full travel of the piston along
the cylinder, in either direction. Four-stroke engines are the most common
internal combustion engine design for motorized land transport, being
used in automobiles, trucks, diesel trains, light aircraft and motorcycles.

PARTS OF A FOUR-STROKE GASOLINE ENGENE


The four separate strokes are termed:

1. Intake Stroke - The intake event is when the air-fuel mixture is


introduced to fill the combustion chamber. The intake event occurs when
the piston moves from TDC to BDC and the intake valve is open. The
movement of the piston toward BDC creates a low pressure in the
cylinder. Ambient atmospheric pressure forces the air-fuel mixture
through the open intake valve into the cylinder to fill the low pressure area
created by the piston movement. The cylinder continues to fill slightly past
BDC as the air-fuel mixture continues to flow by its own inertia while the
piston begins to change direction. The intake valve remains open a few
degrees of crankshaft rotation after BDC. Depending on engine design.
The intake valve then closes and the air-fuel mixture is sealed inside the
cylinder.

2. Compression Stroke - The compression stroke is when the trapped


air-fuel mixture is compressed inside the cylinder. The combustion
chamber is sealed to form the charge. The charge is the volume of
compressed air-fuel mixture trapped inside the combustion chamber
ready for ignition. Compressing the air-fuel mixture allows more energy to
be released when the charge is ignited. Intake and exhaust valves must be
closed to ensure that the cylinder is sealed to provide
compression. Compression is the process of reducing or squeezing a
charge from a large volume to a smaller volume in the combustion
chamber. The flywheel helps to maintain the momentum necessary to
compress the charge.

3. Power Stroke - The power stroke is an engine operation Stroke in


which hot expanding gases force the piston head away from the cylinder
head. Piston force and subsequent motion are transferred through the
connecting rod to apply torque to the crankshaft. The torque applied
initiates crankshaft rotation. The amount of torque produced is determined
by the pressure on the piston, the size of the piston, and the throw of the
engine. During the power Stroke, both valves are closed.

4. Exhaust stroke - The exhaust stroke occurs when spent gases are
expelled from the combustion chamber and released to the atmosphere.
The exhaust stroke is the final stroke and occurs when the exhaust valve
is open and the intake valve is closed. Piston movement evacuates
exhaust gases to the atmosphere. As the piston reaches BDC during the
power stroke combustion is complete and the cylinder is filled with
exhaust gases. The exhaust valve opens, and inertia of the flywheel and
other moving parts push the piston back to TDC, forcing the exhaust gases
out through the open exhaust valve. At the end of the exhaust stroke, the
piston is at TDC and one operating cycle has been completed.
CITATION OF SOURCES

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-stroke_engine

 https://courses.washington.edu/engr100/Section_Wei/engine/
UofWindsorManual/Four%20Stroke%20Cycle
%20Engines.htm#:~:text=Four%20Stroke%20Cycle
%20Engines&text=A%20four%2Dstroke%20cycle%20engine,to
%20complete%20one%20operating%20cycle.

 https://www.eiscolabs.com/cdn/shop/products/PH0488_480x672.jpg?
v=1571438715

 https://images.app.goo.gl/HTfWr5KWQoEsqzrVA

 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/M-Heinloo/publication/
266410720/figure/fig1/AS:692095438295041@1542019819131/Cross-
section-showing-one-cylinder-of-a-four-stroke-internal-combustion-
engine.png

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