Scribd
Upload
16 views

Deploying-a-TETRA-system-with-100-coverage_V4

The document outlines the deployment of a TETRA system ensuring 100% coverage, discussing key aspects such as frequency bands, topology, coverage requirements, and infrastructure types. It emphasizes the importance of proper RF planning, redundancy, and management strategies to achieve optimal performance. Additionally, it highlights the challenges of interference and the digital dimension introduced by TETRA technology.

Uploaded by

Dejan P
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views

Deploying-a-TETRA-system-with-100-coverage_V4

The document outlines the deployment of a TETRA system ensuring 100% coverage, discussing key aspects such as frequency bands, topology, coverage requirements, and infrastructure types. It emphasizes the importance of proper RF planning, redundancy, and management strategies to achieve optimal performance. Additionally, it highlights the challenges of interference and the digital dimension introduced by TETRA technology.

Uploaded by

Dejan P
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Deploying a TETRA system

with 100% coverage


Jochen Bösch – DAMM Cellular Systems A/S
Agenda
• Frequency band
• Topology
• Coverage requirements
• Mast position
• Link budget
• Antenna types
• GEO redundancy
• Type of backbone infrastructure
• Redundant backbone
• Frequency re-use and interference
• Digital dimension
• Management
Frequency band
• VHF 80MHz-160MHz
• Great for long distance
• Weaker performance inside buidlings or tunnels
• Rarely available in TETRA
• UHF 300-500MHz
• Balanced performance in long distance and inside buildings and tunnels
• Large variety of manufacturers available in TETRA
• UHF high 800MHz
• Weak performance in long distance
• Great performance inside buildings and tunnels
• Less often available in TETRA
=> Anyhow frequency band country and authority dependent!
Topology

• Buildings, metal walls as well as mountains, valleys form barriers


• Ideal antenna mast position is at highest point with corresponding
downtilt
• In case of lower position, buildings and mountains will create shadows
• Shadows need to be covered by either:
• Repeaters
• Other sites
• Simulcast sites
• Be aware of fading and reflections, so keep a safety margin
• Keep also in mind the highest speed of your terminals and keep a
margin for fading effects
Coverage requirements
• Area coverage
• Typical cellular cluster setup, with re-use pattern
• In-building coverage
• Usually leaky feeder system installations with several repeaters (often optical)
• Simulcast base station is a secondary option
• Line coverage
• Directional antennas cover the needs best
• Tunnels covered with simulcast base stations or repeaters and leaky feeders
• Underground coverage
• Several levels to basement, each level or tunnel requires own leaky feeder system
• Fiber repeaters or simulcast base stations serve best
• Vessel or container harbour coverage
• Metal walls block the signal, moving containers or closing doors change conditions
• Reflections are “unpredictable”, no over the air repeaters possible
• Redundant coverage
• Critical subscribers covered by two sites
• For the repeaters two donator base stations required
• Redundant leaky feeder system
Mast position
• Highest position is usually best
• Optimal position: As high as needed only
• Be aware that a mast also casts a shadow in your coverage
• Tilted sectorised antenna to avoid
• Gap below the antenna
• Too far radiation of the signal causing interference in neighbour cell
• Two masts at two medium positions can sometimes cover better than
one mast at highest position
=> Proper full picture RF planning (with clutter maps) is key to success
Link budget
44dBm
25 W 44 dBm
-46 dBm Downlink
-76 dBm -106 dBm -107 dBm
-107 dBm -149 dB
-107 dBm

-118 dBm 32
1,8dBm
W 32 dBm
Uplink 32 dBm
-62 dBm
-92
-118 dBm
-150 dB

44dBm
25 W 44 dBm
-46 dBm Downlink
-76 dBm -107 dBm
-107 dBm -151 dB
-107 dBm

-118 dBm 35
3 WdBm
35 dBm
Uplink 35 dBm
-116
-85 dBm
-55
-153 dB

• Avoid crocodile effect: big mouth small ears


• Remember to use RX diversity, dual provides the biggest effect
• Stay in link-balance, consider cable and combiner losses in both directions
Antenna types
• Most common types:
• Omni-directional • Sectorised

• Directional • Leaky feeder systems

• Polarisation:
• Typically vertical polarisation
• Circular can be used for air-ground-air
• Gain achieved:
• By length
• By direction
• Downtilt:
• Typically 1/10 of the mast height in degree in flat area
Geo redundancy
• Redundancy in general:
• Backbone
• Cabinet
• Controller
• Power supply
• Carrier
• Antenna system
• Geo redundancy
• Overlapping cells, each area is covered by minimum two sites
• Absolutely no single point of failure
• 100% availability
• in decentralized architecture
• with redundant backbone connection
=> efficient, but costly “Ferrari“ solution
Type of backbone infrastructure
• Fiber
• Privately owned, ring redundancy, full performance
• MPLS/leased line
• Point to point connection or routed with proper SLA
• Bandwidth and QoS guarantee
• Microwave
• Privately owned, controlled throughput
• Operators need to deal with maintenance and vulnerability
• Internet with static or dynamic IP
• Proper SLA needs to be in place for the backbone routing
• LTE
• More of a backup solution, but easily available
• Redundancy:
• Any combination of the above can be used for redundancy
• In decentralized systems also satellite connections are a proper redundancy solution
Frequency re-use and interference
• Typical re-use patterns are 3, 5, 7 or 9 clusters
• Be aware the smaller the reuse number, the better the RF planning it needs
• Overlapping to re-use areas with the same frequency needs to be avoided
• Repeaters are difficult to add into clusters
• The more reflection you have, the higher the cluster size shall be
• Be aware in your planning to avoid:
• 3rd and 5th order intermodulation products as operating frequencies
• 3rd order: 2xf1-1xf2; 5th order: 3xf1-2xf2
• For calculation consider all frequencies, not only MCCHs
• Simulcast base station can be an option to avoid re-use or intermodulation issues
• Be aware that TETRA terminals cannot roam twice within 15s
• E.g. issue in small tunnels on exit
Digital dimension
Analog was simple RF only, TETRA brings a digital dimension on top:
• One MCC/MNC or proper migration through networks
• Allowance for sufficient subscribers
• Control channels with sufficient capacity
• based on subscribers at the site
• Traffic channels with sufficient capacity at all sites
• based on calls and local listeners/talkers
• Handover parameter adjustment
• Synchronised sites for seamless handover
• Repetition timers for unacknowledged messages
• Priority scheme
• Feature allowance
• E.g. group calls only
• Load impact by SDS traffic for GPS data inside or outside a call
• Backbone calculation
Management
• Backbone protocol for redundancy switching
• Declaration of neighbour cells
• Terminal restriction, load distribution
• Fall back handling:
• Control channels
• Priority scheme
• Terminal redistribution
• Alarm reporting and issue fixing
• Constant maintenance and testing of fall back / redundancy paths
Thank You!
Visit us at our booth F60 to discuss in more detail

Jochen Bösch
Senior Director Engineering

14

You might also like