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Flash Point & Fire Point

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27 views

Flash Point & Fire Point

Uploaded by

munna201840
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment No:

Experiment Name: Determination of flash point & fire point of kerosene.

ABSTRACT:
The flash point of lubricating oils is defined as the lowest temperature at which it creates vapors and a
flammable combination with air. Any lubricating oil with a higher flash point temperature is always
preferable. If the oil has a lower flash point temperature, it will burn readily and deposit carbon on the
moving components. The minimum flash temperature of the oil used in IC engines varies from 200°C to
250°C.

The fire point of the fuel is the lowest temperature at which the vapor of that fuel continues to burn for
at least five seconds after ignition by an open flame.

The flash and fire power point temperatures depends upon the volatility of the oil. In this experiment,
we used pensky –martens closed cup apparatus (ASTM D93-16).

INTRODUCTION:
The flash point is the lowest temperature at which lubricating oil emits enough vapors to ignite for a
moment whenever a small flame is brought close to it. It is the lowest temperature of the sample,
adjusted to a barometric pressure of 760 mmHg, at which the vapor of the sample ignites under the
given test circumstances.

The temperature at which the vapor continues to burn after being ignited is known as the fire point. It is
the lowest temperature at which oil vapors burn continuously for at least five seconds when confronted
by a small flame.

Significance:

 Flash and fire points are used to signify the risk of fire of petroleum products (which must be
kept in mind when assessing the overall flammability hazard of the material) and evaporation
loss at high temperatures.
 It gives us the idea about the maximum temperature below which the oil can be used (shipping
and safety regulations to define ‘flammable’ and ‘combustible’ materials).
 It is used as the means of identification of specific bio diesel oil.
 For detection of contamination in the given bio diesel oil.

When burned to a high enough temperature, fuel decomposes chemically. The hydrocarbon degrades
into flammable volatile gases. The flashpoint of fuel is the lowest temperature at which enough
flammable vapor is pushed out to cause it to flash when brought into contact. The flash and fire points
of fuel vary depending on the nature of the original crude oil, viscosity, and refining technique. Paratonic
oil has greater flash and fire point oils for the same viscosities and degree of refining.
APPARATUS:
 Pensky-martens apparatus
 Heater
 Thermometer
 Bunsen burner

Pensky-
martens
apparatus
METHODOLOGY:
 A clean and dry cup is filled with
given sample of oil up to the marking in the cup.
 The lid is closed, and a thermometer is inserted in the openings into the oil and the cup is placed
in its position.
 The oil is heated with the help of Bunsen burner & oil is stirred at a specific rate.
 At every 10 ℃ rise of temp, introduce test flame into the oil vapor. Do not stir the oil when the
test flame being applied.
 The temperature at which a distinct flash is first seen on the surface of the oil through the
opening is recorded as flash point.
 The fire point is found by continuing the heating of oil at the same rate until the test flame
ignites the oil continuously. If it continues to burn for at least 5 sec, then this temperature is
taken as the fire point temperature.

RESULT & DISCUSSION:


The flash and fire point temperatures of the given sample of oil was determined by using pensky-
martens apparatus.

Flash point of kerosene is

Fire point of kerosene is

Flash point and fire point of kerosene may vary from real temperature due to

 Temperature may not record correctly (eye level wasn’t aligned with thermometer scale
correctly).
 It’s almost impossible to stirred oil at specific rate during heating.

PRECAUTIONS:
 The apparatus must be clean. There should be no trace of moisture inside the cup.
 The thermometer bulb should dip into the oil (thermometer mustn’t touch lower surface of
cup).
 Ensure that there is no air bubble in the cup.
 Avoid breathing over the surface of the oil.
REFERENCE:
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_point
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_point
 http://blog.anton-paar.com/a-guide-to-flash-and-fire-point-measurement/
 http://www.mechanicalduniya.com/2012/01/importance-of-flash-point-fire-point.html
 Lab manual.

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