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CHEM 2 Reviewer

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16 views

CHEM 2 Reviewer

Uploaded by

viduyamayalourdes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEM II REVIEWER

1. Intermolecular Forces
o Weak forces of attraction between molecules.
o Affect physical properties like boiling and melting points.
o Key Focus: Forces holding solids and liquids together, and the role of polarity.
2. States of Matter
o Kinetic Molecular Theory explains transitions (solid → liquid → gas).
o Increase in temperature or energy can cause phase changes.
3. Properties of Liquids
o Viscosity measures a liquid's resistance to flow.
o Surface tension and vapor pressure are other important properties.
4. Melting Point
o The temperature remains constant during phase transitions.
5. Concentration of Solutions
o % by mass formula
6. Phase Changes
o Sublimation: Direct transition from solid to gas.
7. Types of Intermolecular Forces
o Ranked by strength:
▪ London Dispersion (Weakest)
▪ Dipole-Dipole
▪ Hydrogen Bonding (Strongest)
▪ Ion-Dipole
8. Hydrogen Bonding
o Present in molecules like H₂O and CH₃OH.
9. Solid Types
o Amorphous solids lack a definite structure.
o Examples: Glass, rubber.
10.Electrical Conductivity in Solutions
o Ionic compounds like KCl conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
11.Triple Point
o All three phases (solid, liquid, gas) coexist.
12.Network Solids
o Covalently bonded atoms in a network. Example: Diamond.
13.Energy and Phase Changes
o Particles gain energy to transition from solid to liquid.
14.Water Properties
o Exhibits hydrogen bonding.
o Solid phase (ice) is less dense than liquid.
15.Unique Behavior of Water
o Ice floats because it’s less dense than liquid water.

II. Matching Type

Column A (Descriptions) Column B (Terms) Column C (Examples)


Behavior of solids/liquids based on intermolecularKinetic Molecular
forces
Model Water (definite volume, shape).
Substance with definite shape and volume Solid Salt crystals. Substance with no definite shape

Liquid Gases (no fixed shape). Intermolecular forces in a pure substance Van der Waals
London dispersion, Dipole
dipole.
Column A (Descriptions) Column B (Terms) Column C (Examples) Forces between polar

molecules Dipole-dipole Attraction between poles. Force between ion and polar molecule

Ion-Dipole Forces Ionic compounds and polar solvents.


Special dipole interaction with H atoms Hydrogen Bond Water, NH₃.
Weak attraction in nonpolar molecules.
Forces between all atoms/molecules London
Dispersion Forces
Technique to separate mixtures Chromatography Separating ink components. Substance with
regular particle arrangement Crystalline Solids Salt, sugar. Substance with disordered structure
Amorphous Solids Glass, rubber. System of points in a crystal Lattice Solid crystal structures.
Evenly distributed mixture Solution Air, saltwater. Amount of solute in solution Concentration
Solute/solution ratio. Maximum solubility at a temperature Saturated Solution Solvent at capacity.

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