MATHEMATICS

“Aaj Padhle
Kal Exam Me
Yhi Ayega”
Chapter 1
Q1. Two positive integers a and b can be written as a = x³y² and
b = xy³. x and y are prime numbers then LCM (a, b).

Solution
Given: a = x³y² and b = xy³ where a and b are positive integers and x and
y are prime numbers.
a = x³y²
=> a = x * x * x *y * y
and b = xy³
=> b = x * y * y * y
So, the LCM of a and b will be x³y³ .

Q2. An army contingent of 612 members is to march behind an army

band of 48 members in a parade. The two groups are to march in
the same number of columns. What is the maximum number of
columns in which they can march?

Solution

Let the number of columns be x which is the largest number, which

should divide both 612 and 48.
It means x should be HCF of 612 and 48.
So, We can write 612 and 48 as follows

⇒ 612 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 17
⇒ 48 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
⇒ HCF(16, 48) = 2 × 2 × 3 = 12

Thus HCF of 612 and 48 is 12 i.e., 12 columns are required.

Here we have solved using Euclid’s algorithm but you can solve this
problem by simple method of HCF.

www.padhleakshay.com
Q3.Find the quadratic polynomial if its zeroes are 0, √5.

Solution

A quadratic polynomial can be written using the sum and product of

its zeroes as:

x² – (α + β)x + αβ

Where α and β are the roots of the polynomial.

Here, α = 0 and β = √5

So, the polynomial will be:

x² – (0 + √5)x + 0(√5)

= x² – √5x

Q4. Two numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3 and their LCM is 180. What is
the HCF of these numbers?

Solution
Given that, two numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3
Let assume that two numbers be 2x and 3x.
LCM=2*2*x=6x
6x=180
x=30
Further given that, So, Numbers are 2 × 30 = 60 and 3 × 30 = 90
Now, We have to find HCF of the two numbers.
LCM x HCF = ab
180x = 60 x 90
x = 5400/180 = 30.

Hence, HCF of two numbers is 30.

/ PadhleAkshay
Q5. Show that reciprocal of 3 + 2 √2 is an irrational number.
Solution

First of all, rationalise the denominator of the reciprocal of 3 + 2√2.

3+2√2
(1 / 3 + 2√2) × (3 - 2√2 / 3 -2√2)
3 - 2√2 / (3) - (2√2)
3 - 2√2 / 9 - 8
3 - 2√2

After rationalising its denominator, we get ( 3 - 2√2 ) as a result.

Now, let us assume that ( 3 - 2√2 ) is an irrational number. So, taking
a rational number i.e., 3 and subtracting from it.
We have ;
[ 3 - 2√2 - 3 ]
⇒ - 2√2
As a result, we get ( - 2√2 ) which is an irrational number.
Hence, the reciprocal of ( 3 + 2√2) is an irrational number

Q6. 3 bells all set at one time 9:00 am, one rings every 10 mins one
rings every 15 mins, one rings every 25 mins. At what time they will
ring together again.
Solution
LCM of 10, 15, 25 mins = 150 mins

This means 2 Hours and 30 mins

So, All the bells will ring at 11: 30 am

Q7. Two positive numbers have their HCF as 12 and their product as
6336. The number of pairs possible for the numbers, is
Solution
Given, HCF = 12
Let two numbers be 12a and 12b

/ padhle.akshay
So, 12a × 12b = 6336
=> ab = 44
We can write 44 as product of two numbers in these ways:
ab= 1 x 44
= 2 x 22
=4 x 11

Here, we will take a = 1 and b = 44; a = 4 and b = 11.

We do not take ab = 2 × 22
(because 2 and 22 are not co-prime to each other.)

For a = 1 and b = 44,

1st no. = 12a = 12,
2nd no. = 12b = 528

For a = 4 and b = 11,

1st no. = 12a = 48,
2nd no. = 12b = 132
Hence, we get two pairs of numbers, (12, 528) and (48, 132).

n n
Q8. Check whether 4 and 6 can end with the digit 0 for any natural
number n.
Solution
If the number end with the digit zero,
then it would be divisible by 5.
That is, the prime factorization should contain the prime 5.
This is not possible , so the only prime factorization is 2.
So, there is no natural number n for which the number ends with the
digit zero.

If the number 6 n, for any n, were to end with the digit zero, then it
would be divisible by 5. That is, the prime factorization of 6 will
contain the prime number 5. This is not possible because Prime
factorization of 6 does not contain 5 as a factor.
6n= (2 * 3)n= 2n* 3n
So, there is no natural number(n) for which 6 ends with the digit zero.

/ PadhleAkshay
Chapter 2
Q9. Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are reciprocals of
the zeroes of the polynomials
f(x) = ax² + bx + c, a ≠0, c ≠0.
Solution

Let α and β be zero of the polynomial f(x)=ax + bx + c, a≠0, c≠0.

∴,α+β = −b/a
Also, αβ = c/a
∴ 1/α + 1/β
=α + β / αβ
= −b / a × a / c
= −b / c

And, 1 / α × 1 / β
= 1 / αβ
=a / c
A quadratic polynomial whose zeros are 1/α and 1/β is x –(1/α + 1/β)x
+1/α ⋅ 1/β.
Thus, polynomial is x +(b/c)x + a/c.

Q10. Compute the zeroes of the polynomial 4x2 – 4x – 8. Also,

establish a relationship between the zeroes and coefficients.
Solution
Let the given polynomial be p(x) = 4x2 – 4x – 8
To find the zeroes, take p(x) = 0
Now, factorise the equation 4x2 – 4x – 8 = 0
4x² – 4x – 8 = 0
4(x² – x – 2) = 0
x² – x – 2 = 0
x² – 2x + x – 2 = 0
x(x – 2) + 1(x – 2) = 0
(x – 2)(x + 1) = 0
x = 2, x = -1 So, the roots of 4x² – 4x – 8 are -1 and 2.
Relation between the sum of zeroes and coefficients:
-1 + 2 = 1 = -(-4)/4

www.padhleakshay.com
Relation between the product of zeroes and coefficients:
(-1) × 2 = -2 = -8/4

Q11. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial p(x) = 2x² + 5x + k

satisfying the relation, α² + β² + αβ = 21/4 , find the value of k
Solution
To find the value of k for the polynomial f(x)=2x +5x+k given that the
zeros α and β satisfy the relation α +β +αβ=214, we can follow these
steps:
The polynomial is given as: f(x)=2x +5x+k
Here, we can identify:
a=2
b=5
c=k

According to Vieta's formulas for a quadratic polynomial:

The sum of the roots α+β= −ba = −5
The product of the roots αβ = ca = k

We square the sum of the roots:

(α+β) =(−5/2)² =25/4
Using the identity (α+β) =α +β +2αβ, we can express α +β :
α +β =(α+β) −2αβ=25/4−2αβ
we know αβ=k .
Therefore:
α² +β² =25/4−2(k/2)=25/4−k

We know from the problem statement that:

α² +β² +αβ=21/4
Substituting α² +β² into this equation gives:
(25/4−k)+k/2 =21/4
To simplify:
25/4−k+k/2 =21/4
To eliminate the fractions, multiply the entire equation by 4:
25−4k+2k=21
This simplifies to:
25−2k=21
/ PadhleAkshay
Rearranging gives:
−2k=21−25
−2k=−4
k=2
Conclusion
Thus, the value of k is: 2
Q12 Find the zeroes of the polynomials 3x² + 4x – 4 by factorisation
method.
Solution
The quadratic expression is in the form ax +bx+c, where:
a=3
b=−4
c=−4
We need to calculate the product of a and c:
ac=3×(−4)=−12
We need to find two numbers that multiply to −12 (the value of ac) and add
to −4 (the value of b).
The two numbers that satisfy this condition are −6 and 2:
−6×2=−12 and −6+2=−4

We can rewrite the quadratic expression by splitting the middle term using
the two numbers found:
3x² −6x+2x−4
Now, we will group the terms:
(3x² −6x)+(2x−4)

From the first group 3x² −6x, we can factor out 3x: 3x(x−2)
From the second group 2x−4, we can factor out 2: 2(x−2)
Now we can combine the factored groups: 3x(x−2)+2(x−2)
We can factor out the common binomial (x−2): (x−2)(3x+2)

Thus, the factorised form of the expression 3x² −4x−4 is: (x−2)(3x+2)

The zeroes of the given polynomial is 2 and -3/2

/ padhle.akshay
Q13. Find the quadratic polynomial, sum and product of whose
zeroes are –1 and –20 respectively. Also find the zeroes of the
polynomial so obtained.

Solution

Given:
Sum of zeroes (α + β) = -1
Product of zeroes (α * β) = -20

The standard form of a quadratic polynomial can be expressed as:

P(x)=x −(α+β)x+(α∗β)

Substituting the values of the sum and product of zeroes into the
polynomial:
P(x)=x −(−1)x+(−20)
P(x)=x +x−20

Now, we will factor the polynomial P(x)=x +x−20.

To factor, we need two numbers that multiply to -20 (the product) and
add to +1 (the sum). The numbers that meet these criteria are +5 and -4.
So, we can rewrite the polynomial as:
P(x)=(x+5)(x−4)

To find the zeroes, we set the polynomial equal to zero:

(x+5)(x−4)=0
Setting each factor to zero gives us:
1. x+5=0 → x=−5
2. x−4=0 → x=4

The quadratic polynomial is:

P(x)=x +x−20

The zeroes of the polynomial are:

- x=−5
- x=4

/ PadhleAkshay
Q14. If one zero of f(x)=4x² −8kx+8x−9 is negative of the other, find
zeroes of kx² + 3 kx + 2
Solution
The polynomial is given as:
f(x)=4x²−8kx+8x−9
We can combine the terms involving x:
f(x)=4x² +(−8k+8)x−9

For a quadratic polynomial ax +bx+c, the sum of the roots α+(−α)=0

can be expressed as: Sum of roots=−b/a Here, a=4 and b=−8k+8.
Therefore: 0=− (−8k+8)/4
This simplifies to:
0 = (8k−8)/4 Multiplying both sides by 4 gives: 0=8k−8 8k=8 ⟹ k=1

Now that we have k=1, we substitute it into the polynomial kx²+3kx+2:

f(x)=1x² +3(1)x+2=x² +3x+2

we need to factor x² +3x+2:

x² +3x+2 =(x+1)(x+2)

Setting the factored form equal to zero gives us:

(x+1)(x+2)=0
Thus, the zeros are:
x+1=0
⟹x=−1
x+2=0
⟹x=−2
The zeros of the polynomial kx +3kx+2 are −1 and −2.

Chapter 3
Q15. Solve the pair of equations:
2/ x + 3/ y = 13
5/ x - 4/ y = -2

Solution
Let write the given pair of equations as

www.padhleakshay.com
2(1 /x) + 3(1/ y) = 13 be equation(1)
5(1/x) - 4(1/ y) = - 2 be equation (2)

These equations are in form of ax + by + c = 0.

However, p = 1/ x and q = 1/y.

Substitute the values of p and q to get

1/ x = 2, i.e. x = 1/2 and 1/y = 3 i.e. y = 1/3

∴ the value of x = ½; y = ⅓
.
Q16. On comparing the ratios a₁/a₂ , b₁/b₂ , c₁/c₂ . find out whether
the following pair of linear equations are consistent, or
inconsistent
(i) 3x + 2y = 5; 2x – 3y = 7
(ii) 2x – 3y = 8; 4x – 6y = 9
Solution
a₁x + b₁y + c₁ = 0
a₂x + b₂y + c₂ = 0
Consistent means pair of linear equations will have an unique
solution or infinitely many solutions.

a₁/a₂ ≠ b₁/b₂ (Intersecting lines / unique Solution)

a₁/a₂ = b₁/b₂ = c₁/c₂ (Coincident Lines / Infinitely many Solutions)
a₁/a₂ = b₁/b₂ ≠ c₁/c₂ (Parallel lines / No Solution)

(i) 3x + 2y = 5; 2x - 3y = 7
a₁/a₂ = 3/2
b₁/b₂ = 2/(-3)
c₁/c₂ = - 5/(-7) = 5/7

From the above,

a₁/a₂ ≠ b₁/b₂

Therefore, lines are intersecting and have a unique solution,

Hence, the pair of equations is consistent.

/ PadhleAkshay
(ii) 2x - 3y = 8; 4x - 6y = 9

a₁/a₂ = 2/4 = 1/2

b₁/b₂ = -3/(-6) = 1/2
c₁/c₂= -8/(-9) = 8/9

From the above,

a₁/a₂ = b₁/b₂ ≠ c₁/c₂

Therefore, these lines are parallel and have no solution,

Hence, the pair of equations is inconsistent.

Q17. If 2x + y = 23 and 4x – y = 19 then find the value of 5y – 2x and

(y/x) - 2 .

Solution
Given equations are
2x+y=23...(i)
and 4x-y=19...(ii)
On adding both equations, we get
6x=42
⇒x=7
Put the value of x in Eq. (i) , we get
2(7) + y =23
⇒14+y=23
⇒y=23-14
⇒y=9
We have, 5y-2x = 5×9-2×7
=45-14=31
and (y/x)-2
=(4/x)-2
=(9/7)-2
=(9-14)/7
=-5/7
Hence, the values of (5y-2x)and (y/x-2) and 31 and -5/7 respectively.

/ padhle.akshay
Q18. A part of monthly hostel charges in a college hostel are fixed
and the remaining depends on the number of days one has taken
food in the mess. When a student A takes food for 25 days, he has
to pay ₹4,500, whereas a student B who takes food for 30 days, he
has to pay ₹5,200. Find the fixed charges per month and the cost of
the food per day.
Solution

Let the fixed charges be ₹x and the cost of food per day be ₹y.
Then as per the question
x+25y=4500.....i
x+30y=5200.....ii

Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get

5y=700
⇒y=700/5
=140
Now, putting y = 140, we have
x+25×140=4500
⇒x=4500-3500=1000
Hence, the fixed charges is ₹1000 and the cost of the food per day is
₹140.

Q19. Determine the value of m and n so that the following pair of

linear equations has infinite number of solutions: (2m-1)x+3y=5;
3x+(n–1)y=2.

Solution
the condition for x and y to have infinite solutions will be when we
have:

a₁/a₂ = b₁/b₂ = c₁/c₂

So here we will compare the equation
(2m −1)x + 3y − 5 = 0 with
a₁x + b₂y−c = 0
and we get:
a₁ =(2m −1)
b₁ =3 and c₁ =5

/ PadhleAkshay
Similarly, we will compare equation
3x + (n − 1)y − 2 = 0 with
a x + b y−c = 0

and we get:
a =3
b =(n−1) and
c =2
Now we have to just apply the condition of the infinite solution and
that is given as follows:

⇒a /a =b /b =c /c
⇒(2m −1)3=3(n − 1)=52
⇒a /a =b /b =c /c
⇒(2m −1)3 = 3(n − 1) =52

So here we will first solve the equation

(2m −1) / 3= 5 / 2
to get the value of m. So we have:
⇒(2m −1) / 3 = 5 / 2
⇒(2m −1) = 15 / 2
⇒m = 17 / 4

So this gives the value of

m = 17/4
Next, we will solve the equation
3/(n − 1)=5/2
to get the value of n. So we will have:
⇒3 / (n − 1)= 5/2
⇒6 = 5(n − 1)
⇒11 = 5(n)
⇒n = 11/5

So from this equation we get the value

n=11/5
Finally, the value of
m=17/4

www.padhleakshay.com
Q20. In a two digit number, ten’s digit is twice the unit’s digit. The
number formed by interchanging the digits is 36 less than the
original number. Find the number.

Solution

Place 10 1
Digit 2x x

The number is 10×2x+x=21x

If the digits are interchanged

Place 10 1
Digit x 2x

The number is 10×x+2x=12x

According to the question, the relation between the two numbers is:-

12x=21x–36
⇒ 9x=36
⇒ x=4
∴ The number = 21×4=84.

Q21.A man’s age is three times the sum of the ages of his two sons.
After 5 years, his age will be twice the sum of his two son’s age.
Find the age of the man.
Solution
Let the age of the man be x and the sum of the ages of his two sons
be y.
According to the question,
x = 3y
⇒ x – 3y = 0 ….(i)
And (x + 5) = 2(y + 5 + 5)
⇒ x – 2y = 15 ….(ii)

Subtracting equation (i) from (ii) we get

Y = 15 and from (i) x = 45.
The present age of the man is 45 years.

/ PadhleAkshay
Chapter 4
Q22. If α and β are roots of the quadratic equation x² –7x+10=0, find
the quadratic equation whose roots are α² and β².

Solution
Identify the roots of the quadratic equation x² - 7x + 10 = 0
using the quadratic formula: x = (-b ± √(b² - 4ac)) / 2a.

Here, a = 1, b = -7, and c = 10.

Calculate the discriminant: b² - 4ac = (-7)² - 4(1)(10) = 49 - 40 = 9.
Calculate the roots α and β: α = (7 + √9) / 2 = (7 + 3) / 2 = 5
and β = (7 - √9) / 2 = (7 - 3) / 2 = 2.
Now, find the new roots α² and β².
Calculate α² = 5² = 25 and β² = 2² = 4.
Use the roots α² and β² to construct the quadratic equation using the
formula:
x² - (sum of roots)x + (product of roots) = 0.
Calculate the sum and product:
sum = α² + β² = 25 + 4 = 29,
product = α² * β² = 25 * 4 = 100.
The quadratic equation is: x² - 29x + 100 = 0.

Final Answer: The quadratic equation whose roots are α² and β² is x² -

29x + 100 = 0.

Q23. Write all the values of p for which the quadratic equation x² +
px + 16 = 0 has equal roots. Find the roots of the equation so
obtained

Solution
Given equation is px² −2px+6=0.
This is of the form ax²+ bx + c=0, where a=p, b=−2p and c=6.
∴ D=(b² −4ac)=4p² −24p.
For equal roots, we have D=0.
∴ 4p² −24p=0
⇒4p(p−6)=0
⇒p=6. [∵p≠0]
/ padhle.akshay
Q24. Two taps together can fill a tank in 6 hours. The tap of larger
diameter takes 9 hours less than the smaller one to fill the tank
separately. Find the time in which each tap can fill the tank
separately.

Solution

Let the time taken by the smaller tap to fill the tank = x hours and
time taken by larger tap = x - 9

In 1 hour, the smaller tap will fill 1/x of tank

In 1 hour, the larger tap will fill 1/x−9 of tank.
In 1 hour both the tank will fill the tank = 1/x+1/x−9
But its given that in 1 hour both the tank will fill 1/6 of the tank

∴ 1/6 =1/x +1/x−9

⇒ 1/6=(x−9+x)/x(x−9)
⇒ 1/6=(2x−9)/(x −9x)
Solving by cross multiplication,
6(2x−9)=x² −9x
12x−54=x² −9x
x −9x−12x+54=0
x −21x+54=0

Factorizing by splitting the middle term,

x −18x−3x+54=0
x(x−18)−3(x−18)=0
(x−18)(x−3)=0
x=18,x=3

If we take x= 18
Smaller tap = (x) = 18 h
Larger tap = (x-9) = 18-9 = 9h

Hence, the time taken by the smaller tap to fill the tank = 18 hrs & the
time taken by the larger tap to fill the tank = 9 h

/ PadhleAkshay
Q25. If α, β are zeroes of polynomial p(x)=5x² +5x+1 then find the
value of
(i) α² + β²
(ii) α⁻¹ + β⁻¹

Solution
The given polynomial is
p (x) = 5x² + 5x + 1
Since α and β are the zeroes of p (x),

α + β = - 5/5
⇒ α + β = - 1 ...(1)
and
αβ = 1/5 ...(2)

(i) Now, α² + β²
= (α + β)² - 2αβ
= (- 1)² - 2 (1/5)
= 1 - 2/5 = (5 - 2)/5
= 3/5
(ii) Now, α^(- 1) + β^(- 1)
= 1/α + 1/β
= (β + α)/(αβ)
= (- 1)/(1/5)
=-5

Q26. The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for
Rs.3800. Later, she buys 3 bats and 5 balls for Rs.1750. Find the cost
of each bat and each ball.

Solution
Let the cost of a bat be x and the cost of a ball be y.
According to the question,

7x + 6y = 3800 ………………. (i)

3x + 5y = 1750 ………………. (ii)

From (i), we get;

y = (3800 – 7x)/6 …………………… (iii)
www.padhleakshay.com
Substituting (iii) in (ii). we get,

3x + 5[(3800 – 7x)/6] = 1750

⇒3x + (9500/3) – (35x/6) = 1750
3x – (35x/6) = 1750 – (9500/3)
⇒-17x/6 = -4250/3
⇒-17x = -8500
x = 500

Putting the value of x in (iii), we get;

y = (3800 – 7 × 500)/6 = 300/6 = 50

Hence, the cost of a bat is Rs 500 and the cost of a ball is Rs 50.

Q27. A fraction becomes 9/11 if 2 is added to both the numerator

and the denominator. If, 3 is added to both the numerator and the
denominator it becomes 5/6. Find the fraction.
Solution
Let the fraction be x/y.
According to the question,
(x + 2)/(y + 2) = 9/11
11x + 22 = 9y + 18
11x – 9y = -4 …………….. (1)

(x + 3)/(y + 3) = 5/6
6x + 18 = 5y +15
6x – 5y = -3 ………………. (2)
From (1), we get
x = (-4 + 9y)/11 …………….. (3)
Substituting the value of x in (2), we get
6[(-4 + 9y)/11] – 5y = -3
-24 + 54y – 55y = -33
-y = -9
y = 9 ………………… (4)
Substituting the value of y in (3), we get
x = (-4 + 81)/11 = 77/11 = 7
Hence, the fraction is 7/9.

/ PadhleAkshay
Chapter 5
Q28.Find the second term and nth term of an A.P. whose 6th term is
12 and the 8th term is 22.
Solution
Let the first term of the A.P. be a and the common difference be d.

We know that,
nth term of an A.P. an=a+(n−1)d
a = a+(n−1)d

Therefore,
a =a+(6−1)d
12=a+5d
a=12−5d......(i)
a =a+(8−1)d
22=a+7d
22=(12−5d)+7d (From (i))
22=12+2d
2d=22−12
d=10/2
d=5

Substituting d=5 in (i), we get,

=12−5(5)
a=12−25a
=12−25
a=−13

2nd term of the A.P.

a2 =−13+(2−1)(5)
=−13+1(5)
=−13+5
=−8

/ padhle.akshay
nth term a =−13+(n−1)(5)
=−13+5n−5
=5n−18

Hence, the 2nd and nth terms of the given A.P. are −8 and 5n−18
respectively.

Q29. How many terms of an A.P. 9, 17, 25, ... must be taken to give a
sum of 636?
Solution
Sum of the first n terms of an AP is given by Sn = n/2 [2a + (n - 1) d]
or Sn = n/2 [a + l]
Here, a is the first term, d is the common difference, n is the number
of terms and l is the last term.
Given,
First term, a = 9
Common difference, d = 17 - 9 = 25 - 17 = ... = 8
Sum up to nth terms, Sn = 636
We know that sum of n terms of an AP
Sn = n/2 [2a + (n - 1) d]
636 = n/2 [2 × 9 + (n - 1) 8]
636 = n/2 [18 + 8n - 8]
636 = n/2 [10 + 8n]
636 = n[5 + 4n]
636 = 5n + 4n²
4n² + 5n - 636 = 0
4n² + 53n - 48n - 636 = 0
n (4n + 53) - 12 (4n + 53) = 0
(4n + 53)(n - 12) = 0
Either 4n + 53 = 0 or n - 12 = 0
n = - 53/4 or n = 12
n cannot be -53/4 because the number of terms can neither be
negative nor fractional, therefore, n = 12

Q30. Find a, b and c if it is given that the numbers a, 7, b, 23, c are in

AP.
Solution

/ PadhleAkshay
Since a, 7, b, 23, c are in AP.
7−a=b−7
= 23 − b
= c − 23 ...(1)

On taking 2nd and 3rd expression, we get,

b − 7 = 23 − b
⇒ 2b = 30
⇒ b = 15

On taking 1st and 2nd expression, we get,

7−a=b−7
⇒ 7 − a = 15 − 7
⇒ a = −1

Again, on taking 3rd and 4th expression, we get,

23 − b = c − 23
⇒ 23 − 15 = c − 23
⇒ c = 31

Hence a = −1, b = 15, c = 31

Q31. The sum of the first five terms of an AP and the sum of the first
seven terms of the same AP is 167. If the sum of the first ten terms of
this AP is 235, find the sum of its first twenty terms.
Solution
Let the first term, common differences and the number of terms of an
AP are a, d and n, respectively.
Sum of first n terms of an AP, S =n/2[2a+(n−1)d] ⋯(i)
∴ Sum of first five terms of an AP,
S5=5/2[2a+(5−1)d] [from Eq.(i)]
=5/2(2a+4d)=5(a+2d)
⇒ S5=5a+10d
And, sum of first seven terms of an AP, S =7/2[2a+(7−1)d]
=7/2[2a+6d]=7(a+3d)
⇒ S7=7a+21d
www.padhleakshay.com
Now, by given condition,
S5+ S7=167
⇒5a+10d+7a+21d=167
⇒12a+31d=167 ...(ii)
Given that, sum of first ten terms of this AP is 235.
∴ S =235
10

⇒10[2a+(10−1)d]=235
⇒10(2a+9d)=235
⇒2a+9d=47 ...(iii)
Solving (ii) and (iii) gives,

12a+54d=282
12a+31d=167

23d=115
d=5
Now, put the value of d in Eq. (iii), we get,
2a+9(5)=47
⇒2a+45=47
⇒2a=47−45=2
⇒a=1
Sum of first twenty terms of this AP, S₂₀= 10[2a+(20−1)d]
=10[2×(1)+19×(5)]=10(2+95)
=10×97=970

Q32. A sum of Rs 700 is to be used to give seven cash prizes to

students of a school for their overall academic performance. If
each prize is Rs 20 less than its preceding prize, find the value of
each of the prizes.

Solution

Let the cost of 1st prize be Rs.P.

Cost of 2nd prize = Rs.P − 20
And cost of 3rd prize = Rs.P − 40
We can see that the cost of these prizes is in the form of AP, having a
common difference as −20 and first term as P.
Thus, a = P and d = −20
/ PadhleAkshay
Given that, S₇ = 700
By the formula of sum of nth term, we know,
Sn = n/2 [2a + (n – 1)d]
7/2 [2a + (7 – 1)d] = 700
[2a+(6)(-20)]/2 = 100
a + 3(−20) = 100
a − 60 = 100
a = 160
Therefore, the value of each of the prizes was Rs 160, Rs 140, Rs 120, Rs
100, Rs 80, Rs 60, and Rs 40.

Q33. The houses of a row are numbered consecutively from 1 to 49.

Show that there is a value of x such that the sum of the numbers of
the houses preceding the house numbered x is equal to the sum of
the numbers of the houses following it. Find this value of x.

Solution
Row houses are numbers from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5…….49.
Thus, we can see the houses numbered in a row are in the form of AP.
So,
First term, a = 1
Common difference, d = 1
Let’ represent the number of the house as;
Sum of preceding the numbers of x = sum of following numbers of x
i.e. Sum of ( 1, 2, 3,….x – 1)
= sum of [(x + 1), (x + 2) ,….48, 49]

That is 1 + 2 + 3 + …… + ( x – 1) = ( x + 1) + ( x + 2) …… + 49
=> [(x – 1)/2] [1 + x – 1] = [(49 – x)/2] [x + 1 + 49]
=> (x – 1)x = (49 – x)(x + 50)
=> x² – x = 49x + 2450 – x² – 50x
=> x² – x = 2450 – x² – x
=> 2x² = 2450
=> x² = 1225
x = √1225
x = 35
Therefore, the value of x is 35.

/ padhle.akshay
Q34. If the sum of the first n terms of an AP is 4n − n², what is the
first term (that is S1)? What is the sum of the first two terms? What
is the second term? Similarly find the 3rd, the 10th and the nth
terms.
Solution

Given that,
Sn = 4n − n 2

First term, a = S = 4(1) − (1)2 = 4 − 1 = 3

Sum of first two terms = S2= 4(2) − (2)2 = 8 − 4 = 4
Second term, a2= S2− S1 = 4 − 3 = 1
Common difference, d = a2 − a = 1 − 3 = −2

nth term is given by,

an= a + (n − 1)d
= 3 + (n − 1) (−2)
= 3 − 2n + 2
= 5 − 2n

Therefore, a3= 5 − 2(3) = 5 − 6 = −1

a = 5 − 2(10) = 5 − 20 = −15
10
Hence, the sum of first two terms is 4.
The second term is 1.
The 3rd, 10th, and nth terms are −1, −15, and 5 − 2n respectively.

Chapter 6
Q35. In what ratio does the point (24/11,y) divide the line segment
joining the points P (2, -2) and Q(3, 7)?
Also find the value of y.

Solution
Let point R divides PQ in the ratio k:1

R = [(m₁x₂ + m₂x₁ / m₁ +m₂) , (m₁y₂ + m₂y₁ /m₁ +m₂)]

/ PadhleAkshay
⇒(24/11,y) = [(k(3)+1(2)k+1) , (k(7)+1(−2)k+1)]
= [(3k+2/k+1) , (7k−2/k+1)]

⇒(3k+2/k+1) = 24/11
⇒11(3k+2) = 24(k+1)
⇒33k+22 = 24k+24
⇒33k−24k = 24−22
⇒9k=2
⇒k=2/9

∴k:1=2:9

Now,

y = [7k−2/k+1]
=7(2/9)−2/29+1

=[14/9−2] / 2/9+1
=[14−18/9] / [2+9/9]
=−4/11

Line PQ divides in the ratio 2 : 9 and value of y = −4/11

Q36. Find the area of rhombus if its vertices are (3,0), (4,5), (-1,4),
(-2,-1) taken in order
Solution
Suppose A(3,0), B(4,5), C(-1,4), D(-2,-1) are the four consecutive sides
of the rhombus such that AC and BD are the diagonals.
Area of rhombus is 1/2×d₁×d₂,
where d1 and d2 are the lengths of the two diagonals
d₁ = AC = √{3−(−1)}²+{0−4}²
=4√2
d₂ = BD = √{4−(−2)}²+{5−(−1)}²
=6√2
Area=1/2×d₁×d₂
=12×4√2×6√2
=24
www.padhleakshay.com
Q37. If the distance of p(x,y) from a(5,1) and b(-1,5) are equal,
prove that 3x = 2y.
Solution
The distance d between two points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) is given by the
formula: d=√(x2−x1)²+(y2−y1)²
the distance PA from point P(x,y) to point A(5,1) is:
PA=√(5−x)² +(1−y)²
Similarly, the distance PB from point P(x,y) to point B(−1,5) is:
PB=√(−1−x)² +(5−y)²
According to the problem, the distances PA and PB are equal: √(5−x)²
+(1−y)² =√(−1−x)² +(5−y)²

According to the problem, the distances PA and PB are equal:

√(5−x)²+(1−y)² =√(−1−x)² +(5−y)²
Left Side:
(5−x)²=25−10x+x² (1−y)²
=1−2y+y² So, (5−x)² +(1−y)²
=25−10x+x² +1−2y+y²
=x² −10x+y² −2y+26

Right Side:
(−1−x)² =1+2x+x² (5−y)²
=25−10y+y² So, (−1−x)² +(5−y)²
= 1+2x+x² +25−10y+y²
=x² + 2x + y² −10y+26

Now we set the expanded equations equal to each other: x² −10x+y²

−2y+26 = x² +2x+y² −10y+26
−10x−2y=2x−10y
−10x−2y−2x+10y=0 −12x+8y=0
Dividing the entire equation by 4 gives: −3x+2y=0 or 3x=2y

Q38. Find the ratio in which the line x – 3y = 0 divides the line
segment joining the points (-2, -5) and (6, 3). Find the coordinates
of the point of intersection.
Solution
/ PadhleAkshay
Let the given points be:
A(-2, -5) = (x₁, y₁)
B(6, 3) = (x₂, y₂)

The line x – 3y = 0 divides the line segment joining the points A and B
in the ratio k : 1.

Using section formula,

Point of division P(x, y) = [(kx₂ + x₁)/(k + 1), (ky₂ + y₁)/(k + 1)]
x = (6k – 2)/(k + 1) and y = (3k – 5)/(k + 1)
Here, the point of division lies on the line x – 3y = 0.

Thus,
[(6k – 2)/(k + 1)] – 3[(3k – 5)/(k + 1)] = 0
6k – 2 – 3(3k – 5) = 0
6k – 2 – 9k + 15 = 0
-3k + 13 = 0
-3k = -13
k = 13/3

Thus, the ratio in which the line x – 3y = 0 divides the line segment AB
is 13 : 3.

Therefore, x = [6(13/3) – 2]/ [(13/3) + 1]

= (78 – 6)/(13 + 3)
= 72/16
= 9/2
And
y = [3(13/3) – 5]/ [(13/3) + 1]
= (39 – 15)/(13 + 3)
= 24/16
= 3/2
Therefore, the coordinates of the point of intersection = (9/2, 3/2).

Q39. Find the ratio in which P(4, m) divides the line segment joining
the points A(2, 3) and B(6, -3). Hence, find m.

Solution
/ padhle.akshay
Let P(4, m) divides the line segment joining the points A(2, 3) and
B(6, -3) in the ratio k : 1.
Here,
P(4, m) = (x, y)
A(2, 3) = (x₁, y₁)
B(6, -3) = (x₂, y₂)

Using section formula,

p(x, y) = [(kx² + x1)/(k + 1), (ky² + y1)/(k + 1)]
(4, m) = [(6k + 2)/(k + 1), (-3k + 3)/(k + 1)]
By equating the x-coordinate,
(6k + 2)/(k + 1) = 4
6k + 2 = 4k + 4
6k – 4k = 4 – 2
2k = 2
k=1

Thus, the point P divides the line segment joining A and B in the
ratio 1 : 1.
Now by equating the y-coordinate,
(-3k + 3)/(k + 1) = m

Substituting k = 1,
[-3(1) + 3]/(1 + 1) = m
m = (3 – 3)/2
m=0

Q40. If A(-2, 1), B(a, 0), C(4, b) and D(1, 2) are the vertices of a
parallelogram ABCD, find the values of a and b. Hence, find the
lengths of its sides.

Solution
Given vertices of a parallelogram ABCD are:
A(-2, 1), B(a, 0), C(4, b) and D(1, 2)
We know that the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
So, midpoint of AC = midpoint of BD
[(-2 + 4)/2, (1 + b)/2] = [(a + 1)/2, (0 + 2)/2]

/ PadhleAkshay
By equating the corresponding coordinates,
2/2 = (a + 1)/2 and (1 + b)/2 = 2/2
a + 1 = 2 and b + 1 = 2
a = 1 and b = 1

Therefore, a = 1 and b = 1.
Let us find the lengths of sides of a parallelogram, i.e. AB, BC, CD and
DA
Using the distance formula,
AB = √[(1 + 2)² + (0 – 1)²] = √(9 + 1) = √10 units
BC = √[(4 – 1)² + (1 – 0)²] = √(9 + 1) = √10 units
And CD = √10 and DA = √10 {the opposite sides of a parallelogram
are parallel and equal}
Hence, the length of each side of the parallelogram ABCD = √10 units.

Chapter 7
Q41. In given figure E is a point on side CB produced of an isosceles
triangle ∆ABC with AB = AC. If AD ⊥ BC and EF ⊥ AC, prove that
∆ABD ~ ∆ECF.
Solution
If two angles of one triangle are respectively equal to two angles of
another triangle, then the two triangles are similar.
This is referred as AA similarity criterion for two triangles. In ΔABD and
ΔECF
∠ADB = ∠EFC = 90º [∵ AD ⊥ BC and EF ⊥ AC]
∠ABD = ∠ECF

[∵ In ΔABC, AB = AC which signifies ∠ABC = ∠ACB as angles

opposite to equal sides are equal]
Thus we have ΔABD ~ ΔECF (AA criterion)
If two angles of one triangle are respectively equal to two angles of
another triangle, then the two triangles are similar.
This is referred as AA similarity criterion for two triangles. In ΔABD and
ΔECF

www.padhleakshay.com
∠ADB = ∠EFC = 90º [∵ AD ⊥ BC and EF ⊥ AC]
∠ABD = ∠ECF

[∵ In ΔABC, AB = AC which signifies ∠ABC = ∠ACB as angles

opposite to equal sides are equal]
Thus we have ΔABD ~ ΔECF (AA criterion)

Q42.In the figure, DE||AC and DF||AE. Prove that BF/FE = BE/EC
Solution

In ΔABC, given as, DE || AC

Thus, by using Basic Proportionality Theorem, we get,
∴BD/DA = BE/EC ………………………………………………(i)

In ΔBAE, given as, DF || AE

Thus, by using Basic Proportionality Theorem, we get,
∴BD/DA = BF/FE ………………………………………………(ii)

From equation (i) and (ii), we get

BE/EC = BF/FE

Hence, proved.

Q 43. Prove, “If a line drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to

intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides
are divided in the same ratio”.

Solution

Given, In ΔABC, DE||BC

Construction : Draw EM⊥AB and DN⊥AC.
Join B to E and C to D.
Proof: In ΔADE and ΔBDE
ar(ΔADE)/ar(ΔBDE) = 1/2 ×AD×EM
________ =AD/DB . . . (i)
1/2 ×DB×EM

/ PadhleAkshay
[Area of Δ=1/2×base×corresponding altitude]
In ΔADE and ΔCDE
1/2 ×AE×DN
ar(ΔADE)/ar(ΔCDE) = ________ =AE/EC . . . (ii)
1/2 ×EC×DN
Since, DE||BC [Given]
∴ ar(ΔBDE)=ar(ΔCDE) . . . (iii)

[Δs on the same base and between the same parallel sides are equal
in area]

From eq. (i), (ii) and (iii)

AD/DB=AE/EC

Q44. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC and its diagonals

intersect each other at the point O. Show that AO/BO = CO/DO.

Solution
We have to prove, AO/BO = CO/DO

From the point O, draw a line EO touching AD at E, in such a way that,

EO || DC || AB

In ΔADC, we have OE || DC
Therefore, by using Basic Proportionality Theorem
AE/ED = AO/CO ……………..(i)
Now, In ΔABD, OE || AB

Therefore, by using Basic Proportionality Theorem

DE/EA = DO/BO…………….(ii)

From equation (i) and (ii), we get,

AO/CO = BO/DO

⇒AO/BO = CO/DO

Hence, proved.
/ padhle.akshay
Q45. In the given figure, ΔODC ~ ΔOBA, ∠ BOC = 125° and ∠ CDO =
70°. Find ∠ DOC, ∠ DCO and ∠ OAB.

Solution
As we can see from the figure, DOB is a straight line.
Therefore, ∠DOC + ∠ COB = 180°
⇒ ∠DOC = 180° – 125° (Given, ∠ BOC = 125°)
= 55°
In ΔDOC, sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle is 180º
Therefore, ∠DCO + ∠ CDO + ∠ DOC = 180°
⇒ ∠DCO + 70º + 55º = 180°(Given, ∠ CDO = 70°)
⇒ ∠DCO = 55°
It is given that, ΔODC ~ ΔOBA,
Therefore, ΔODC ~ ΔOBA.
Hence, corresponding angles are equal in similar triangles
∠OAB = ∠OCD
⇒ ∠ OAB = 55°
∠OAB = ∠OCD
⇒ ∠OAB = 55°

Q46. In given figure, if ∠ACB=∠CDA,AC=8cm and AD=3cm, then

find BD.

Solution
Given, AC=8cm,AD=3cm and ∠ACB=∠CDA
From figure, ∠CDA=90∘
∴ ∠CDA=90∘
In right angled ΔADC, AC² =AD² +CD²
⇒ (8)² =(3)² +(CD)²
⇒ 64−9=CD²
⇒ CD=√55cm
In ΔCDB and ΔADC, ∠BDC=∠ADC [each 90∘]
∠DBC=∠DCA [each equal to 90∘ −∠A]
∴ ΔCDB∼ΔADC
Then, CD/BD=AD/CD
⇒ CD² =AD×BD
∴ BD=CD² /AD=(√55)²/3=55/3cm

/ PadhleAkshay
Q47. If AD and PM are medians of triangles DABC and DPQR,
respectively where ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR, prove that AB/PQ = AD/PM .
Solution

It is given that ΔABC ∼ ΔPQR

We know that the corresponding sides of similar triangles are in
proportion.
∴AB/PQ = AC/PR = BC/QR … (1)

Also, ∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q, ∠C = ∠R … (2)

Since AD and PM are medians, they will divide their opposite sides.
∴BD=BC/2 and QM = QR/2 … (3)

From equations (1) and (3), we obtain

AB/PQ = BR/QM … (4)
In ΔABD and ΔPQM,
∠B = ∠Q [Using equation (2)]
AB/PQ = BD/QM [Using equation (4)]

∴ ΔABD ∼ ΔPQM (By SAS similarity criterion)

⇒ AB/PQ = BD/QM = AD/PM

Chapter 8
Q48. Two concentric circles are of radii 5 cm and 3 cm. Find the
length of the chord of the larger circle which touches the smaller
circle.
Solution

www.padhleakshay.com
Let the two concentric circles with centre O.
AB be the chord of the larger circle which touches the smaller circle
at point P.
∴ AB is tangent to the smaller circle to the point P.
⇒ OP ⊥ AB
By Pythagoras theorem in ΔOPA,
OA² = AP² +OP²
⇒5² = AP² +3²
⇒AP² = 25–9
⇒ AP = 4 cm
In ΔOPB,
Since OP ⊥ AB,
AP = PB (Perpendicular from the centre of the circle bisects the
chord)
AB = 2AP = 2 × 4 = 8 cm
∴ The length of the chord of the larger circle is 8 cm.

Q49. Prove that the tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular

to the radius through the points of contact.

Solution
Given : A circle C(0,r) and a tangent at point A.
To prove : OA⊥ l
Construction : Take a point B, other than A, on the tangent l. Join OB.
Suppose OB meets the circle in C.
Proof : We know that, among all line segment joining the point O to a
point on l, the perpendicular is shortest to l.
OA=OC (Radius of the same circle)
Now, OB=OC+BC
Therefore, OB>OC
OB>OA
OA<OB
B is an arbitrary point on the tangent l, thus, OA is shorter than any
other line segment. Thus, we can say that OA⊥ l.
Hence, proved.
/ PadhleAkshay
Q50. In the given figure, PA and PB are tangents to a circle from an
external point P such that PA=4 cm and ∠BAC=135. Find the length
of Chord AB.

Solution

We have,
∠BAC = 135
∴ ∠PAB=180 − 135 =45 (L.P.A)...(1)
But since PA=PB=4(length of tangents from an
external point are equal) …(2)
⇒ ∠PBA=∠PAB (angles opposite to equal sides are
equal)
⇒ ∠PBA=45 [from (1)]

Now, in △PAB,
∠APB = 180 − (45 +45 ) (angle sum property)
=90∘

In right △PAB, by Pythagoras theorem,

AB = PA +PB = (4) +(4) =32
∴ AB=√32cm=4√2cm
Hence, the length of chord AB is 4√2cm.

Q51. If a hexagon ABCDEF circumscribes a circle, prove that AB + CD

+ EF = BC + DE + FA.

Solution
Given a hexagon ABCDEF circumscribe a circle.
To prove AB+CD+EF = BC+DE+FA

AM = AR -----(i)
BM = BN ---------(ii)
CN = CO ----------(iii)
DO = DP ----------(iv)
EP = EQ ----------(v)
FQ = FR --------- (vi)

/ padhle.akshay
Adding (i) and (ii) we get
AM + BM = AR + BN
⇒ AB = AR + BN
Adding (iii) and (iv) we get
CO + DO = CN + DP
⇒ CD = CN + DP

Adding (v) and (vi) we get

EQ + FQ = EP + FR
⇒ EF = EP + FR
Adding all these we obtain
AB + CD + EF = AR + ( BN + CN ) + (DP + EP) + FR = BC + DE + FA
∴ AB + CD + EF = BC + DE + FA
Hence proved.

Q52. Prove that the parallelogram circumscribing a circle is rhombus.

Solution
Given ABCD be a parallelogram
circumscribing a circle with centre O.
To Prove : ABCD is a rhombus.

We know that the tangents drawn to a circle

from an exterior point are equal is length.

∴ AP = AS, BP = BQ, CR = CQ and DR = DS.

AP+BP+CR+DR = AS+BQ+CQ+DS
(AP+BP) + (CR+DR) = (AS+DS) + (BQ+CQ)
∴ AB+CD=AD+BC
or 2AB=2AD (since AB=DC and AD=BC of
parallelogram ABCD)

∴ AB=BC=DC=AD
Therefore, ABCD is a rhombus.

/ PadhleAkshay
Q53. Prove that the angle between the two tangents drawn from an
external point to a circle is supplementary to the angle subtended
by the line segment joining the points of contact at the centre.

Solution
Given : PA and PB are the tangent drawn from a
point P to a circle wirth center O .
Also , the line segments OA and Ob are drawn.
To prove : ∠ APB + ∠ AOB = 180∘
Proof : We know that the tangents to a circle is
perpendicular to the radius through the points
of contact .

∴ , PA ⊥ OA ⇒ OAP = 90∘ and

PB ⊥ OB ⇒ ∠ OBP = 90∘
Therefore , ∠ OAP + ∠ OBP = 90∘
hence , ∠ APB + ∠AOB = 180∘
[Sum of the all the angles of a quadrilateral is
360∘]

Q54. In Fig. XY and X′Y′ are two parallel tangents to a circle with
centre O and another tangent AB with the point of contact C
intersecting XY at A and X′Y′ at B. Prove that ∠ AOB = 90°.
Solution

Triangles △OPA and △OCA are similar using SSS congruency as

(i) OP = OC They are the radii of the same circle
(ii) AO = AO It is the common side
(iii) AP = AC These are the tangents from point A
So, △OPA ≅ △OCA

www.padhleakshay.com
Similarly,
△OQB ≅ △OCB
So,
∠POA = ∠COA … (Equation i)
And, ∠QOB = ∠COB … (Equation ii)
Since the line POQ is a straight line, it can be considered as the
diameter of the circle.
So, ∠POA +∠COA +∠COB +∠QOB = 180°
Now, from equations (i) and equation (ii), we get,
2∠COA+2∠COB = 180°
∠COA+∠COB = 90°
∴ ∠AOB = 90°

Q55.Prove that opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a

circle subtend supplementary angles at the centre of the circle.

Solution

First, draw a quadrilateral ABCD which will

circumscribe a circle with its centre O in a
way that it touches the circle at points P, Q, R,
and S. Now, after joining the vertices of ABCD,
we get the following figure:

Now, consider the triangles OAP and OAS.

AP = AS (They are the tangents from the
same point A)

OA = OA (It is the common side)

OP = OS (They are the radii of the circle)
So, by SSS congruency △OAP ≅ △OAS
So, ∠POA = ∠AOS
Which implies that∠1 = ∠8

Similarly, other angles will be

∠4 = ∠5
∠2 = ∠3
∠6 = ∠7
/ PadhleAkshay
Now by adding these angles, we get
∠1+∠2+∠3 +∠4 +∠5+∠6+∠7+∠8 = 360°

Now by rearranging,
(∠1+∠8)+(∠2+∠3)+(∠4+∠5)+(∠6+∠7) = 360°
2∠1+2∠2+2∠5+2∠6 = 360°

Taking 2 as common and solving, we get

(∠1+∠2)+(∠5+∠6) = 180°
Thus, ∠AOB+∠COD = 180°
Similarly, it can be proved that ∠BOC+∠DOA = 180°

Therefore, the opposite sides of any quadrilateral which is

circumscribing a given circle will subtend supplementary angles at
the centre of the circle.

Q56. A road which is 7 m wide surrounds a circular park whose

circumference is 352 m. Find the area of the road.
Solution
Width of the road =7 m.
Circumference of the park =352 m.
This implies,
2πR=352
2×22/7R=352
R=352×7/44
R=8×7 => R=56 m
This implies,
Outer radius =R+7=7+56=63 m
Therefore,
Area of the road =π(R+7)² −πR²
=227(632−562)
=227×(3969−3136)
=227×833
=22×119
=2618 m²
The area of the road is 2618 m².

/ padhle.akshay
Q57. Three horses are tied each with 7 m long rope at three corners
of a triangular field having sides 20 m, 34 m and 42 m. Find the area
of the plot which can be grazed by the horses.

Solution

∵ABC is a triangle.
And ∠A = θ₁ ,∠B = θ₂ and ∠C = θ₃.
Therefore, (θ₁ + θ₂ + θ₃ )
= ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
(∵sum of angles in a triangle is 180°)
∴ θ₁ + θ₂ + θ₃ = 180°.
∴ Area of grazed region by the horses
= ° θ₁ + θ₂ + θ₃ + 360 ° × πr²
= 180 ° /360 × 22 / 7 × 7 × 7
= 11 × 7 = 77 m²

Chapter 9
Q58. Prove that:
(sinA - 2sin³ A)
= tan A
(2cos³ A - cos A)

Solution
LHS (sinA - 2sin³ A)

(2cos³ A - cos A)

sinA(1 - 2sin²A)

cos A(2cos² A - 1)

sin A(sin²A + cos²A - 2sin²A)

cos A(2cos²A - sin²A - cos²A)

sin A(cos²A - sin²A)

cos A(cos²A - sin²A )

sin A
= tan A = RHS
cos A

/ PadhleAkshay
Q59. Prove that: sec A (1 – sin A) (sec A + tan A) = 1
Solution
We have to prove sec A (1 – sin A) (sec A + tan A) = 1
We know that sec² A - tan² A = 1
So,
= (sec A – sec A sin A) (sec A + tan A)
= (sec A – 1 sin A) (sec A + tan A)
cos A
= (sec A – sin A) (sec A + tan A)
cos A
= (sec A –tan A) (sec A + tan A)
= sec² A - tan² A
= 1 = RHS

Q60. If sin ɵ + cos ɵ = √3 then prove that tan ɵ + cot ɵ = 1

Solution
sin ɵ + cos ɵ = √3
= (sin ɵ + cos ɵ)² = √3
= sin² ɵ + cos² ɵ + 2sin ɵ cos ɵ = 3
=> 2 sin ɵ cos ɵ = 2
=> sin ɵ cos ɵ = 1
=> sin ɵ cos ɵ = sin² ɵ + cos² ɵ
=> 1 = sin² ɵ + cos² ɵ
sin ɵ + cos ɵ
=> tan ɵ + cot ɵ = 1

Q61. Show that: tan⁴ ɵ + tan² ɵ = sec⁴ ɵ - sec² ɵ

Solution
tan⁴ ɵ + tan² ɵ = sec⁴ ɵ - sec² ɵ
We know that
L.H.S = tan ɵ + tan ɵ
taking out tan ɵ as common
1 + tan² ɵ = sec² ɵ
i.e. tan² ɵ = sec² ɵ - 1
it can be written as
= (sec² ɵ - 1) sec² ɵ
Hence Proved
www.padhleakshay.com
Q62. If secθ+tanθ=m, show that (m² − 1)/(m² + 1)=sinθ.

Solution

We have
(m²−1)=(secθ+tanθ)²−1
=sec²θ+tan²θ+2secθtanθ−1
=(sec²θ−1)+tan²θ+2secθtanθ

=2tan²θ+2secθtanθ [∵sec²θ−1=tan²θ]
=2tanθ(tanθ+secθ). ...(i)

(m²+1)=(secθ+tanθ)² +1

=sec²θ + tan²θ + 2secθtanθ + 1

=(1+tan²θ)+ sec²θ + 2secθtanθ
=2sec²θ+2secθtanθ [∵1+tan²θ=sec²θ]
=2secθ(secθ+tanθ). ...(ii)

From (i) and (ii), we get

(m²−1)/(m²+1) = tanθ/secθ = (sinθ/cosθ × cosθ) = sinθ.

Q63. If 3 cot A = 4, check whether (1 - tan² A) / (1 + tan² A) = cos² A -

sin² A or not
Solution

3 cot A = 4
Thus, cot A = 4/3
Let ΔABC be a right-angled triangle where angle B is a right angle.
cot A = side adjacent to ∠A / side opposite to ∠A = AB/BC = 4/3
Let AB = 4k and BC = 3k, where k is a positive integer.
By applying the Pythagoras theorem in ΔABC, we get,
AC² = AB² + BC²
= (4k)2 + (3k)2
= 16k² + 9k²
= 25k²
AC = √25k²
= 5k
/ PadhleAkshay
Therefore,
tan A = side opposite to ∠A / side adjacent to ∠A = BC/AB
= 3k/4k = 3/4
sin A = side opposite to ∠A / hypotenuse = BC/AC
= 3k/5k = 3/5
cos A = side adjacent to ∠A / hypotenuse = AB/AC
= 4k/5k = 4/5

L.H.S = (1 - tan² A) / (1 + tan² A)

= [1 - (3/4)²] / [1 + (3/4)²]
= (1 - 9/16) / (1 + 9/16)
= (16 - 9) / (16 + 9)
= 7/25

R.H.S = cos² A - sin² A

(4/5)² - (3/5)²
= 16/25 - 9/25
= (16 - 9) / 25
= 7/25
Therefore, (1 - tan² A) / (1 + tan² A) = cos² A - sin² A

Chapter 10
Q64. A straight highway leads to the foot of a tower. A man
standing on the top of the 75 m high tower observes two cars at
angles of depression of 30° and 60° , which are approaching the
foot of the tower. If one car is exactly behind the other on the same
side of the tower, find the distance between the two cars.
Solution
Given , height of Tower = AB = 75m
tan 60 = AB / BC
Let distance between the cars = CD = x m
= 75 √ 3 / 3
In Δ ABC,
=> BC = 75 / √3
=> √3 = 75/ BC
= 25 √3
/ padhle.akshay
In Δ ABD,
tan 30 = AB / BC
=> 1 /√3 = 75/ BC + CD
=> 1 /√3 = 75 / 25 √3 + CD
=> 25√3 + CD = 75 √3
=> CD = 75 √3 - 25√3
= 50√3
Q65. The angle of elevation of the top of a hill from the foot of a
tower is 60° and the angle of elevation of the top of the tower from
the foot of the hill is 30°. If the tower is 50 m high, find the height of
the hill.
Solution
In right Δ BAC, we have,
Let AB be the tower and CD be the hill.
Then, ∠ACB = 30, ∠CAD = 60 and
AB = 50 m
Let CD = x m
cot 30 = AC/ AB
√3 = AC/ AB
AC = 50√3

In right Δ ACD, we have,

√3 = x / 50√ 3
tan 60 = CD/ AC
x = 50 × 3 = 150 m
Therefore, the height of the hill is 150 m

Q66. The shadow of a flagstaff is three times as long as the shadow

of the flagstaff when the sun rays meet the ground at angle of 60°.
Find the angle between the sun rays and ground at the time of the
longer shadow.
Solution
Let the height of the flagstaff be h m and the
angle between the sun rays and the ground at the
time of longer shadow be θ.

/ PadhleAkshay
BC and BD are the lengths of the shadow of the flagstaff when the
angle between the sunrays and the ground are 60 and θ
respectively.

Given, BD = 3 BC ...(1)
In Δ ABC,
tan 60 = AB / BC
⇒ h = √3BC ...(2)

In Δ ABC,
tanθ=AB / BD
∴tanθ = h/BD ...(3)
BC and BD are the lengths of the shadow of the flagstaff when the
angle between the sunrays and the ground are 60 and θ
respectively.

Given, BD = 3 BC ...(1)
In Δ ABC,
tan 60 = AB / BC
⇒ h = √3BC ...(2)
In Δ ABC,
tanθ=AB / BD
∴tanθ = h/BD ...(3)

Q67. 1.5 m tall boy is standing at some distance from a 30 m tall

building. The angle of elevation from his eyes to the top of the
building increases from 30° to 60° as he walks towards the
building. Find the distance he walked towards the building.

Solution
Let the boy initially stands at point Y
with inclination 30∘ and then he
approaches the building to the
point X with inclination 60.

www.padhleakshay.com
∴ XY is the distance he walked towards the building.
Also, XY = CD
Height of the building = AZ = 30 m
AB = AZ − BZ = (30 − 1.5) = 28.5m

As per the question,

In right ΔABD,
tan 30 =AB / BD
⇒ 1√3 = 28.5 /BD
⇒BD = 28.5√3m

Also,
In right ΔABC,
tan 60 =AB / BC
⇒ √3 = 28.5 / BC
⇒ BC = 28.5 / √3 = 28.5√3 / 3 m
∴ XY = CD = BD − BC
= (28.5√3 − 28.5√3 / 3)
= 28.5√3(1 − 1 / 3)
=28.5√3 × 2 / 3
= 57√3
= 19√3 m
Thus, the distance boy walked towards the building is 19√3 m.

Q68. A 1.2 m tall girl sports a balloon moving with the wind in a
horizontal line at a height of 88.2m from the ground. The angle of
elevation of the balloon from the eyes of the girl at any instant is
60. After some time, the angle of elevation reduces to 30. Find the
distance travelled during the interval.

Solution
Distance travelled by the balloon OB =
AB - OA
From the figure, OD = BC, and it can be
calculated as
88.2 m - 1.2 m = 87 m --- (1)

/ PadhleAkshay
In ΔAOD,
tan 60° = OD/OA
√3 = 87/OA
OA = 87 / √3
= 87 × √3 / √3 × √3
= (87 × √3) / 3
= 29√3 m
In ΔABC,
tan 30° = BC/AB
1/√3 = 87 / AB
AB = 87√3
Distance travelled by the balloon, OB = AB - OA
OB = 87√3 - 29√3
= 58√3
Distance travelled by the balloon = 58√3 m.

Q69. A smash shot in badminton is when the shuttlecock travels in

a straight line just above the nets. The line of impact and the net
are perpendicular to the horizontal ground.
How much higher is shot 2 than shot 1?

Solution

Finds ∠WUT as 50°

and ∠WUR as 30°.

Finds WT as 3/2
tan50°= 3/2 × 0.8/0.6 =2m.

Finds WR as 3/2
tan30°= 3/2 × 0.5/0.9 = 5/6 m.

Finds the height by which shot 2

is higher than shot 1 as:
2-5/6=7/6m

/ padhle.akshay
Q70. Amit standing on a horizontal plane, finds a bird flying at a
distance of 200 m from him at an elevation of 30°. Deepak standing
on the roof of a 50 m high building, if the angle of elevation of the
same bird to be 45°. Amit and Deepak are on opposites sides of the
birds. Find the distance of the birds from Deepak.

Solution

The bird is flying at point C and the position of

Amit is at point B.
So according to question
BC=200 meter and ∠CBD=30
Now let us suppose GD is a 50 m high building.

And Deepak is standing at point G according to the question

and Amit and Deepak are opposite to each other.
Now it is given that the angle of elevation of the bird from the
Deepak is 45 degree.

⇒∠CGM=45
Now draw the perpendicular CH on line BD.
So in triangle BCH we know that Sin is the ratio of perpendicular to
hypotenuse.
⇒sin30 = CH / BC
=CH / 200

Chapter 11
Q71. In the given figure, OACB is a quadrant of a circle with centre O
and radius 3.5 cm. If OD = 2 cm, find the area of the shaded region.

Solution

Area of quadrant OACB = 1/4πr²

= 1/4 × 22/7 × (3.5 cm)²

= 1/4 × 22/7 × 7/2 × 7/2 cm²
= 77/8 cm2

/ PadhleAkshay
(ii) In ΔBDO, OB = r = 3.5 cm = 7/2 cm and OD = 2 cm
Area of ΔBDO = 1/2 × base × height
= 1/2 × OB × OD
= 1/2 × 7/2 cm × 2 cm
= 7/2 cm²

From figure, it is observed that:

Area of shaded region = Area of Quadrant OACB - Area of ΔBDO
= 77/8 cm² - 7/2 cm²
= (77 - 28)/8 cm²
= 49/8 cm²

Q72. In figure, two concentric circles with centre O, have radii 21 cm

and 42 cm. If ∠AOB 60° , find the area of the shaded region.

Solution

Required area = area of large circle with radius

42 cm − area of smaller circle with radius 21 cm -
(area of unshaded portion CDBA)

= 𝜋 ( 42 )² - 𝜋 ( 21 )² - [(area of larger sector with

radius 42 cm) - (area of smaller sector with
radius 21 cm)]

= π ( 42 )² − π ( 21 )² − [ π ( 42 )² × 60 / 360 − π ( 21 )² × 60 / 360 ]

= π ( 42 )² − π ( 21 )² − 1 / 6 π ( 42 )² + 1 / 6 π ( 21 )²

= 5 6 π ( 42 )² − 5 6 π ( 21 ) ²

= 5 6 π × ( 21 )² [ 4 − 1 ]

= 56 × 22 / 7 × 21 × 21 × 3

= 3465 c m²

www.padhleakshay.com
Q73. In the given figure, ABCD is a rectangle of dimensions 21 cm ×
14 cm. A semicircle is drawn with BC as diameter. Find the area and
the perimeter of the shaded region in the figure.

Solution

BC is the diameter of the drawn circle

=BC=14 cm

∴radius of the semi-circle, r=14/2=7 cm

Area of shaded region == Area of rectangle - Area of semicircle

=21×14 − πr²
=294−77
=217 cm²
Perimeter of shaded region = AB + AD + CD + length of arc BC

=21+14+21+πr (∵length of the arc =perimeter of the semi circle with

diameter BC)=21+14+21+πr (∵length of the arc =perimeter of the
semi circle with diameter BC)
=56+227×7
=56+22
=78 cm
Thus the area of the shaded region is 217 cm2217 cm2 and the
perimeter of the shaded region is 78 cm.

Q74. An elastic belt is placed around the rim of a pulley of radius 5

cm. From one point C on the belt, elastic belt is directly away from
the centre O of the pulley until it is at P, 10 cm from the point O. Find
the length of the belt that is still in contact with the pulley. Also find
the shaded area. (Use π = 3.14 and √3 = 1.73)

/ PadhleAkshay
Solution
Let ∠AOP=∠BOP=θ

In △AOP
cosθ=OA/OP=5/10=1/2
Arc AB =1200×2×π×53600=10×π³ cm

Length of the belt that is in contact with the rim of the pulley =
Circumference of the rim -Length of arc AB
Length of the belt that is in contact with the rim of the pulley
=2×π×5-10×π³ =20×π3cm

Area of sector OACB= 1200×π×523600=25×π³

Area of quadrilateral OAPB = 2 (Area of △OAP)
Area of quadrilateral OAPB =2×(12×OA×AP)=5×53=253 cm²

Shaded area = Area of quadrilateral OAPB - Area of sector OACB

Shaded area = 253-25×π³
=17.13 cm²

Q75. Shown below are two concentric circles with centre O. XY is

tangent to the inner circle at Z. What is the area of the shaded
region in terms of π?

Solution

Assumes the radii of the outer and inner circles as

R cm and r cm respectively.

Writes the expression for the area of the shaded

region as: π(R² - r²) cm² Uses the Pythagoras
theorem to find (R² - r² ) cm² as 36 cm² and

hence finds the required area as 36π cm².

/ padhle.akshay
Q76. A regular octagon of side length 4 cm is inscribed in a circle of
radius 7 cm. A square is inscribed in the same circle as shown
below.
Find the area of the shaded region.
(Note: If needed, take pi as 22/7 , √3 as 1.7, √5 as 2.2.)
Solution

Writes that the octagon divides the circles into 8 equal sectors of 45°
each and finds the area of each of the sectors as:

45 / 360 * 22/7 * 7 * 7 = 77/4

Finds the semi-perimeter of ΔVOU as (7+7+4)/2 = 9 cm.

Finds the area of ΔVOU as √(9 × 2 × 2 × 5) = 6√5 = 13.2 cm²

Finds the area of square PRTV as Finds the area of the 8 segments as
8(19.25 - 13.2) = 48.4 cm².
Finds the area of the shaded region as 48.4 + 98 = 146.4 cm².

Q77. Shown below is a circle with centre O. PQR is an equilateral

triangle of side length 12 cm.
Find the area of the shaded region in terms of π.
Solution

Writes that angle subtended by a chord at the

centre is double that of the circumference and
Hence finds ∠POQ as 120°.

OS is perpendicular to PQ, hence ∠QOS = 60°

and SQ = 6 cm.

The length of the radius, OQ as 6/sin 60°)} = 4√3 cm.

The length of OS as 4√3 × cos 60° = 2√3 cm.
The area of ΔOPQ as 1/2 ×12×2√3=12√3cm².
The area of sector POQ as 120 ×π×4√3×4√3=16πcm².
The area of the shaded region as (16π - 12√3) cm²

/ PadhleAkshay
Chapter 12
Q78. Find the dimensions of a rectangular park whose perimeter is
60 m and area 200 m².
Solution
Perimeter of a rectangle plot = 60 m
Area = 200 m
Let the length of rectangle plot be x m.
Perimeter = 60
=> 2(Length + Breadth) = 60
=> Length + Breadth = 30
=> Breadth = 30 - Length

Then, the breadth is ( 30 - x)m

According to the question

Length × Breadth = Area
=> x(30 - x) = 200
=> 30x - x = 200
=> x - 30x + 200 = 0
=> x - 10x - 20x + 200 = 0
=> x(x-10) - 20(x - 10) = 0
=> (x - 10)(x - 20) = 0
=> x = 10, 20

For x = 10,
30 - x = 20
For x = 20
30 - x = 10
Hence, the dimension of the plot are 10 m and 20 m

Q79. Find the ratio of volumes of a cone and a cylinder whose

heights are same but radius of the cone is 3 times that of the
cylinder.

Solution

www.padhleakshay.com
Volume of a cone=1/3πr * 2h
[r = Radius; h = Height]

Volume of a cylinder=πr * 2h
[r = Radius; h = Height]

Let the height be 'h' and the radius of the cylinder be 'r'.
Then, the radius of the cone = 3r

Volume of the cone=1/3π(3r) * 2h=3πr * 2h

Volume of the cylinder=πr2h

Ratio=3πr * 2h : πr * 2h = 3:1

Q80. 500 persons are taking dip into a cuboid pond which is 80 m
long and 50 m broad. What is the rise of water level in the pond if
the average displacement of the water by a person is 0.04 m³?

Solution

Given, a cuboidal pond has dimensions 80 m long and 50 m broad.

500 persons are taking a dip into the pond.
Average displacement of water by a person is 0.04 m³.
We have to find the rise of water level in the pond.
Average displacement by 500 persons = 500(0.04)
= 20 m³

Volume of water raised in the pond = 20 m³

Volume of water rise in the cuboidal pond = length × width × depth
= 80 × 50 × h
= 4000 h

Now, the volume of water rise in the pond = average displacement of

water by 500 persons

4000 h = 20
h = 20/4000

/ PadhleAkshay
h = 2/400

h = 1/200

h = 0.005 m

1 m = 100 cm

h = 0.005(100)

h = 0.5 cm

Therefore, the rise of water level in the pond is 0.5 cm

Q81. Water in a canal, 5.4 m wide and 1.8 m deep, is flowing with a
speed of 25 km/ hour. How much area can it irrigate in 40 minutes,
if 10 cm of standing water is required for irrigation?

Solution
We know width of canal = 5.4 m
And depth of canal = 1.8m
It is given in the question that in 60 min.
25km of water flows through it.

So, in
40 min, The water will flow through the length,

25 / 60 × 40 = 50 / 3 km
25 / 60 × 40 = 50 / 3 km
50 / 3 km will be available for irrigation.

Hence, the volume of water in the canal = volume of land irrigated.

Volume of canal
=l×b×h=l×b×h
= 5.4 × 1.8 × 50000³ m³ = 5.4 × 1.8 × 50000³ m³

/ padhle.akshay
Area of land irrigated if 10cm standing water is required

= 5.4 × 1.8 × 50000 / 3 × 1 / 0.1m² = 5.4 × 1.8 × 50000 / 3 × 1 / 0.1m²

= 16,20,000m²
=16,20,000m²

Hence the answer is 16,20,000m²

Q82. A wooden article was made by scooping out a hemisphere

from each end of a solid cylinder, as shown in the figure. If the
height of the cylinder is 10 cm and its base is of radius 3.5 cm, find
the total surface area of the article.

Solution

TSA of the article = 2 × CSA of the hemispherical

part + CSA of the cylindrical part.

We will find the TSA of the article by using

formulae;
CSA of the hemisphere = 2πr², where r is the radius
of the hemisphere.
CSA of the cylinder = 2πrh, where r and h are the radius and height
of the cylinder respectively.

Height of the cylinder = h = 10 cm

Radius of the cylinder = radius of the hemisphere = r = 3.5 cm
TSA of the article = 2 × CSA of the hemispherical part + CSA of the
cylindrical part
= 2 × 2πr² + 2πrh
= 2πr (2r + h)
= 2 × 22/7 × 3.5 cm × (2 × 3.5 cm + 10 cm)
= 22 cm × 17 cm
= 374 cm²

Thus, the total surface area of the article is 374 cm².

/ PadhleAkshay
Q83. Two cones have their heights in the ratio 1 : 3 and radii in the
ratio 3 : 1. What is the ratio of their volumes.
Solution
Two cones have their heights in the ratio 1:3 and the radii of their
bases in the ratio 3:1.

Let the heights be 1x and 3x respectively and their radii be 3y and 1y.

Ratio=V1 / V2
V1 / V2 = 1/3π(3y)2x / 1/3π(1y)>23x
V1 / V2 = 9y² × x / y² × 3x
V1 / V2 = 3/1

Hence, the ratio is 3:1.

Q84. A hemisphere. The base of the block is a cube with edge 6 cm

and the hemisphere fixed on the top has a diameter of 4.2 cm.
Find: (a) the total surface area of the block.
Solution
The total surface area of the cube
=6 × (edge)²
=6 × 5 × 5 cm² = 150 cm².

Note that the part of the cube where the

hemisphere is attached is not included in the
surface area.

So, the surface area of the block = Total Surface Area of cube -
base area of hemisphere + Curved Surface Area of hemisphere

=150 − πr² + 2πr²

=(150 + πr²) cm,
=150 cm² +(22/7×4.22×4.22) cm²
=(150+13.86) cm²
=163.86 cm²

www.padhleakshay.com
Chapter 13
Q85. A survey was conducted by a group of students as a part of
their environment awareness programme, in while they collected
the following data regarding the number of plants in 20 houses in a
locality. Find the mean number of plants per house.

Solution

So, the mean of the data is given by

x = (f₁x₁ + f₂x₂ + ....... + fₙxₙ) / (f₁ + f₂ + ...... + fₙ)
x = Σfᵢxᵢ / Σfᵢ where i varies from 1 to n.
From the table it can be observed that,
Σfᵢ= 20
Σfᵢxᵢ = 162
Mean, x = Σfᵢxᵢ / Σfᵢ
= 162/20
= 8.1
Thus, the mean number of plants in each house has 8.1.

/ PadhleAkshay
Q86. The following frequency distribution gives the monthly
consumption of electricity of 68 customers of a locality. Find the
median, mean and mode of the data and compare them.

Solution
We will find the mean by step-deviation method
Mean, (x) = a + (Σfᵢuᵢ/Σfᵢ) × h
Modal Class is the class with the highest frequency
Mode = l + [(f₁ - f₀) / (2f₁ - f₀ - f₂)] × h
Here,
Class size, h
Lower limit of modal class, l
Frequency of modal class, f₁
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f₀
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f₂

Median Class is the class having Cumulative frequency(cf) just

greater than n/2
Median = l + [(n/2 - cf)/f] × h
Class size, h
Number of observations, n
Lower limit of median class, l
Frequency of median class, f
Cumulative frequency of class preceding median class, cf
Class mark, xᵢ = (Upper class limit + Lower class limit)/2
Class size, h = 20
Taking assumed mean, a = 135

/ padhle.akshay
From the table, we obtain, Σfᵢ = 68 and
Σfᵢuᵢ = 7
Mean, (x) = a + (Σfᵢuᵢ/Σfᵢ) × h
= 135 + (7/68) × 20
= 135 + 140/68
= 135 + 2.05
= 137.05
From the table, it can be observed that
the maximum class frequency is 20,
belonging to class interval 125 − 145.
Class size, h = 20
Modal class = 125 − 145
Lower limit of modal class, l = 125
Frequency of modal class, f₁ = 20
Frequency of class preceding modal
class, f₀ = 13
Frequency of class succeeding the modal
class, f₂ = 14

/ PadhleAkshay
Mode = l + [(f₁ - f₀)/(2f₁ - f₀ - f₂)] × h
= 125 + [(20 - 13)/(2 × 20 - 13 - 14)] × 20
= 125 + [7/(40 - 27)] × 20
= 125 + (7/13) × 20
= 125 + 140/13
= 125 + 10.76
= 135.76
To find the median of the given data, cumulative frequency is
calculated as follows:

From the table, we obtain

n = 68 ⇒ n/2 = 34
Cumulative frequency(cf) just greater than n/2 is 42, belonging to
class-interval 125 − 145. Therefore, median class = 125 - 145
Therefore, median class = 125 - 145
Class size, h = 20
Lower limit of median class, l = 125
Frequency of median class, f = 20
Cumulative frequency of class preceding median class, cf = 22
Median = l + [(n/2 - cf)/f] × h
= 125 + [(34 - 22)/20] × 20
= 125 + 12
= 137
Therefore, median, mode, mean of the given data is 137, 135.76, and
137.05 respectively.
So, mean > median > mode
www.padhleakshay.com
Q87. The mean of the following frequency distribution is 62.8. Find
the missing frequency x.

Solution

Mean, (x) = (Σfᵢuᵢ/Σfᵢ) = 62.8 ... Given

⇒ 62.8/ 1 = 2640 + 50x / 40 + x
⇒2512 + 62.8x = 2640 + 50x
⇒ 62.8x − 50x = 2640 − 2512
⇒ 12.8x = 128
⇒ x = 10

Q88.Thirty women were examined in a hospital by a doctor and the

number of heart beats per minute were recorded and summarised
as follows. Find the mean heart beats per minute for these women,
choosing a suitable method.

/ PadhleAkshay
Solution

Taking assumed mean, a = 75.5

From the table, we obtain Σfᵢ = 30 , Σfᵢuᵢ = 4, Σfᵢdᵢ = 12
Mean, (x) = a + (Σfᵢdᵢ/Σfᵢ)
x = 75.5 + (12/30)
x = 75.5 + 0.4
x = 75.9
Thus, for the given problem, the mean heartbeat per minute for
these women is 75.9.

Q89.The following table shows the ages of the patient admitted in a

hospital during a year. Find the mode of the given data.

Solution

/ padhle.akshay
We will find the mean by the direct method.
Mean, (x) = Σfᵢxᵢ/Σfᵢ
Modal Class is the class with the highest frequency
Mode = l + [(f₁ - f₀)/(2f₁ - f₀ - f₂)] × h
Here,
Class size is h
The lower limit of modal class is l
The Frequency of modal class is f₁
Frequency of class preceding modal class is f₀
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class is f₂
To find Mean, we know that, class mark,
xᵢ = (Upper-class limit + Lower-class limit)/2

From the table it can be observed that, Σfᵢ = 80 and Σfᵢxᵢ = 2830
Mean, (x) = Σfᵢxᵢ/Σfᵢ
= 2830/80
= 35.37
To find mode, we know that modal class is the class with the
highest frequency.
From the table, it can be observed that the maximum class
frequency is 23, belonging to class interval 35 − 45.
Therefore, Model class = 35 − 45
Class size, h = 10
Lower limit of model class, l = 35
Frequency of modal class, f₁ = 23
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f₀ = 21

/ PadhleAkshay
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f₀ = 21
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f₂ = 14
Mode = l + [(f₁ - f₀)/(2f₁ - f₀ - f₂)] × h
= 35 + [(23 - 21)/(2 × 23 - 21 - 14)] × 10
= 35 + [2/(46 - 35)] × 10
= 35 + (2/11) × 10
= 35 + 1.8
= 36.8
So, the modal age is 36.8 years which means the maximum
number of patients admitted to the hospital are of age 36.8 years.
Mean age is 35.37 and the average age of the patients admitted is
35.37 years.

Q90.The given distribution shows the no. of runs scored by some

top batsmen of the world in one - day international cricket
matches:

Solution
Modal Class is the class with the highest frequency
Mode = l + [(f₁ - f₀) / (2f₁ - f₀ - f₂)] × h
Here,
Class size, h
Lower limit of modal class, l
Frequency of modal class, f₁
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f₀
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f₂

www.padhleakshay.com
From the table, it can be observed that the maximum class
frequency is 18, belonging to class interval 4000 − 5000
Therefore, modal class = 4000 − 5000
Class size, h = 1000
Lower limit of modal class, l = 4000
Frequency of modal class, f₁ = 18
Frequency of class preceding modal
class, f₀ = 4
Frequency of class succeeding the modal
class, f₂ = 9
Mode = l + [(f₁ - f₀)/(2f₁ - f₀ - f₂)] × h
= 4000 + [(18 - 4)/(2 × 18 - 4 - 9)] × 1000
= 4000 + [14/(36 - 13)] × 1000
= 4000 + (14/23) × 1000
= 4000 + 608.695
= 4608.695
= 4608.7
Hence the mode is 4608.7

Q91. surnames were randomly picked up from a local telephone

directory and the frequency distributed of the number of letters in
the English alphabets in the surnames was obtained as follows:

Determine the median number of letters in the surnames. Find the

mean number and also find the modal size of the surnames.

Solution

/ PadhleAkshay
We will find the mean by step-deviation method
Mean, (x) = a + (Σfᵢuᵢ/Σfᵢ) × h
Modal Class is the class with the highest frequency
Mode = l + [(f₁ - f₀) / (2f₁ - f₀ - f₂)] × h
Here,
Class size, h
Lower limit of modal class, l
Frequency of modal class, f₁
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f₀
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f₂

Median Class is the class having Cumulative frequency(cf) just

greater than n/2
Median = l + [(n/2 - cf)/f] × h
Class size, h
Number of observations, n
Lower limit of median class, l
Frequency of median class, f
Cumulative frequency of class preceding median class, cf
Let us find the median.
From the table, it can be observed that n = 100 ⇒ n/2 = 50
Cumulative frequency (cf) just greater than 50 is 76, belonging to
class 7 - 10.

Therefore, median class = 7 - 10

Class size, h = 3
Lower limit of median class, l = 7
Frequency of median class, f = 40
Cumulative frequency of class preceding median class, cf = 36
Median = l + [(n/2 - cf)/f] × h
= 7 + [(50 - 36)/40] × 3
= 7 + (14/40) × 3
= 7 + 21/20
= 7 + 1.05
= 8.05

/ padhle.akshay
Now, we will find the mean.
Class mark, xi = (Upper class limit + Lower class limit)/2
Taking assumed mean, a = 11.5
From the table, we obtain, Σfᵢ = 100 and Σfᵢuᵢ = -106
Class size, h = 3
Mean, (x) = a + (Σfᵢuᵢ/Σfᵢ) × h
= 11.5 + (-106/100) × 3
= 11.5 - 318/100
= 11.5 - 3.18
= 8.32

Let's find the mode.

From the table, it can be observed that the maximum class
frequency is 40, belonging to class interval 7 − 10.
Class size, h = 3
Modal class = 7 − 10
Lower limit of modal class, l = 7
Frequency of modal class, f₁ = 40
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f₀ = 30
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f₂ = 16

/ PadhleAkshay
Mode = l + [(f₁ - f₀)/(2f₁ - f₀ - f₂)] × h
= 7 + [(40 - 30)/(2 × 40 - 30 - 16)] × 3
= 7 + (10/34) × 3
= 7 + 15/17
= 7 + 0.88
= 7.88
Therefore, the median and mean number of letters in surnames is
8.05 and 8.32 respectively and modal size of surnames is 7.88.

Q92. The mean of the following distribution is 31.4 . Determine the

missing frequency x .

Solution

Here, the total product of the

class mark and the frequency,
∑fixi= 1450 + 15x
And the total number of families,
Σ𝑓𝑖 = 42 + 𝑥
So,
mean =∑fixi / ∑fi
31.4 = 1450 + 15x / 42 + x
⇒ 31. 4(42 + 𝑥) = 1450 + 15𝑥
⇒ 1318. 8 + 31. 4𝑥 = 1450 + 15𝑥
⇒ 31. 4𝑥 − 15𝑥 = 1450 − 1318. 8
⇒ 16. 4𝑥 = 131. 2
x = 131.2 / 16.4
⇒𝑥=8
Hence, the value of 𝑥 is 8

www.padhleakshay.com
Chapter 14
Q93. All the black face cards are removed from a pack of 52 cards.
Find the probability of getting a
(a) face card
(b) red card
(c) black card
(d) king

Solution
All the black face cards are removed from the pack.
Then,
In a pack of 52 playing cards, there are 2 black jacks, 2 black
queens and 2 black kings

Number of the remaining cards = 52 - 6 = 46

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 6

There are 6 face cards( 2 red jacks, 2 red queens and 2 red kings) in
the remaining pack of cards

So, total number of outcomes = 46

P(getting a face card) = Favourable number of outcomes / Total
number of outcomes = 6/ 46 = 3/23

2. There are 26 red cards in the remaining pack of cards.

So, the favourable number of outcomes are 26
P(getting a black card) = Favourable number of outcomes / Total
number of outcomes = 26/ 46 = 13/23

3. Number of black cards in the remaining pack of cards = 26 - 6 =

20
So, the favourable number of outcomes are 20
P(getting a black card) = Favourable number of outcomes / Total
number of outcomes = 20/ 46 = 10/23

/ PadhleAkshay
4. There are 2 red king cards in the remaining pack of cards
So, the favourable number of outcomes are 2

P(getting a black card) = Favourable number of outcomes / Total

number of outcomes = 2/ 46 = 1/23

Q94. An integer is chosen at random between 1 and 100. Find the

probability that it is:
(a) divisible by 8.
(b) not divisible by 8.

Solution
Number of integers between 1 and 100: 2, 3, 4,5, ... 99
So, sample space { or total outcomes } = 98 So, you can say total
number of sample space, n(S) = 98
Now, number which are divisible by 8 are: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64,
72, 80, 88, 96
So, total number which are divisible by 8 = 12
So, number of possible event, n(E) = 12
Now, probablity that it divisible by 8, P(E) = n(E) / n(S) = 12/98 =6/49
P(divisible by 8) = 6/49
Probability that is not divisible by 8, P(E’) = 1 - Probability that is
divisible by 8,
P(E) P(not divisible by 8) = 1 - 6/49 = (49 - 6)/49 = 43/49

Q95. Three distinct coins are tossed together. Find the probability of
getting: (a) atleast 2 heads (b) atmost 2 heads
Solution
(i) The possible outcomes of the experiment are
{HHH, HTH, HHT, HTT, THT, TTH, THH, TTT).
So, the total number of possible outcomes = 8
The outcomes favourable to the event 'at least 2 heads' denoted by
E, are
{HHT, HTH, ТНН, ННН}

/ padhle.akshay
i.e. the number of outcomes favourable to E = 4 Hence, P(E) = 4/8 =
1/2

(ii) The outcomes favourable to the event 'at most 2 heads"

denoted by F, are {HHT, HTH, HTT, THT, TTH, THH, TTT) i.e. the number
of outcomes favourable to F = 7 Hence, P(F) =7/8

Q96. Two dice are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of

getting (a) an even number on both dice. (b) the sum of 2 numbers
more than 9.

Solution
Throwing two dimension no. of events = 6 = 36
Let A be the event of getting even no, and B be the event of getting
sum 9.
Then A= {(2,2), (2,4), (2,6), (4,2), (4,4), (4,6),(6,2), (6,4), (6,6)}
n(A) = 9
P(A)= n(A)/n(5) = 9/36 = 1/4
B = {(3,6), (4,5), (5,4),(6,3)} n(B) = 4

P(B) = n(B)/n(S)
= 4/36
= 1/9

Since A and B are mutually exclusive,

p ( A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) = 1/4 + 1/9 = 13/36

Q97. Peter thrown two different dice together and finds the product
of the two numbers obtained. Rina throws a die and squares the
number obtained. Who has the better chance to get the number 25?

Solution

The outcomes when Peter throws the two dice together

/ PadhleAkshay
(1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
(2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
(3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
(4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
(5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
(6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)

Total number of outcomes = 36

When Peter throws two dice, the favorable outcome for getting the
product of numbers on the two dice
equal to 25 is (5, 5).

Favorable number of outcomes = 1

Probability that Peter gets the product of numbers as 25 is

⇒ (Favorable number of outcomes)/ (Total number of outcomes) =
(1/36)

The outcomes when Rina throws a dies are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

Total number of outcomes = 6

Rina throws a die and squares the number, so to get the number 25,
the favorable outcome is 5.

Favorable number of outcomes = 1

Probability that Rina gets the square of the number as 25 is
(Favorable number of outcomes)/ (Total number of outcomes) =
(1/6)

As, 1/6 >1/36, so Rina has a better chance to get the number 25
compared to Peter.

www.padhleakshay.com
Q98. Savita and Hamida are Friends. What is the Probability that
both will have
Different birthdays( ignore a leap year)
Same birthday? (ignore leap year)

Solution

1. P( both have different birthday)

= P(both will have same birthday)
= 1- P(both will have same birthday)
= 1- 1/365
= 365 - 1/ 365
= 364 / 365

2. P( both have different birthday) = 1/ 365

Q99. Two different dice are thrown together. Find the probability
that the numbers obtained..
(a) have a sum less than 7.
(b) have a product less than 16.
(c) is a doublet of odd number.
Solution

The outcomes when two dice are thrown together are: (1,1), (1,2),
(1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6) (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6) (3,1), (3,2),
(3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6) (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6) (5,1), (5,2),
(5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6) (6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)
Total number of outcomes = 36

(i) Let A be the event of getting the numbers whose sum is less
than 7.

The outcomes in favour of event A are (1, 1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5),
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (4,1), (4,2) and (5,1).
Number of favourable outcomes = 15
∴ P(A ) = Number of favourable outcomesTotal number of
outcomes=1536=512

/ PadhleAkshay
(ii) Let B be the event of getting the numbers whose product is less
than 16.

The outcomes in favour of event B are (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5),
(1,6), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5),
(4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (6,1) and (6,2).

Number of favourable outcomes = 25

∴ P(B ) = Number of favourable outcomes/Total number of
outcomes=2536

(iii) Let C be the event of getting the numbers which are doublets
of odd numbers.

The outcomes in favour of event C are (1,1), (3,3) and (5,5).

Number of favourable outcomes = 3

∴ P(C ) = Number of favourable outcomes/Total number of

outcomes=336=112

www.padhleakshay.com