JAPANEDU: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang

Vol. 07, No. 02, December 2022, pp. 122-132

JAPANEDU:
Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang
http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/japanedu/index

A Contrastive Analysis of Emotive Interjection (Kandoushi)

in Japanese and Indonesian

Prasetya Maulana Yasin, Linna Meilia Rasiban*, Aep Saeful Bachri

Departement of Japanese Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
*[email protected]

ABSTRACT
Kandoushi is a word that expresses an impression, also called “interjection” in Indonesian, and is one type of emotive
interjection. This study examines the meaning and use of emotive interjection, and its similarities and differences in Japanese
and Indonesian. The method in this study used a descriptive contrastive analysis method with the note-taking technique.
The data is taken from the dialogue in the Japanese anime “ReLIFE” and the Indonesian TV series “Tetangga Masa Gitu”
and “Bajaj Bajuri”. The results of the study showed that the emotive interjection in Japanese and Indonesian had several
similar meanings, particularly expressing feelings of pleasure, admiration, annoyance, confusion, and distress. Then, both
of them have the same use, which is used to confirm the speech partner’s expression, is used to conclude something, is used
to protest against the speech partner, is used to show approval, and is used to realize something. Interjection comprehension
is very important in understanding an utterance intent in a conversation so that communication can take place with native
speakers or fellow foreign students. This study only examines the interjections in terms of the emotive feeling/impression of
being surprised. Therefore, for future research, it is expected to research form, meaning, and the use of other interjections in
terms of phonology.
KEYWORDS
Contrastive analysis; Emotive Interjections; Kandoushi; SPEAKING Hymes Theory.

ARTICLE INFO
First received: 20 November 2022 Revised: 14 December 2022 Final proof accepted: 21 December 2022
Available online: 25 December 2022

INTRODUCTION is a word that expresses an impression or emotion

subjectively and intuitively. For example, joy or
In learning a foreign language, students often pleasure, anger, sadness, surprise, worry, or fear
encounter difficulties because of the difference (Takubo, 2005; Sutedi, 2011). In Indonesian, an
between the mother tongue (L1) and the foreign interjection is used to express the speaker’s
language (L2) (Breadsmore, 1982; Qomariana, feelings, and syntactically, it is not related to other
Puspani, & Rahayuni, 2019). Likewise, when words in the utterance. Interjections are extra-
Indonesians who learn Japanese as a foreign sentential and always precede utterances as
language will assuredly encounter difficulties, and separate or independent screams (Kridalaksana,
one of them is when studying kandoushi. Kandoushi 1994).

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Vol. 07, No. 02, December 2022, pp. 122-132

This study will examine the emotive The source of the data in this study is the
interjection of feeling surprised in terms of interjection of the feeling of surprise that exists in
pragmatics and semantics. The research question one Japanese anime and two Indonesian television
that was built is 1) to know the meaning and use of series. The samples in this study are sentences or
emotional interjection in Japanese and Indonesian expressions in the anime “ReLIFE” episodes 1, 2,
interjections, and 2) to analyze their similarities and 3, which contain Japanese kandoushi, and the
and differences. Conversational context is very TV series “Tetangga Masa Gitu” episodes 2, 3, and
decisive in this study, such as finding meaning and the TV series “Bajaj Bajuri” episode 223 and 226
using surprising interjections in conversation. which contains Indonesian interjections. ReLIFE (
There are many aspects involved in リライフ, Riraifu) is a Japanese manga series in
communication based on the use of language in webtoon format written and illustrated by Yayoiso.
society. Hymes (1972) argues that communication The individual chapters were released by NHK
in speech events is closely related to factors outside Japan on the Comico website (October 2013) and an
of languages, such as where, when, who the anime television series adaptation animated by
speakers and interlocutors are, the content of TMS Entertainment was announced in February
speech, the purpose of the speech, and speech 2015. The TV series “Tetangga Masa Gitu” is a
intonation including language. In short, five sitcom genre soap opera that aired on the NET
factors must be considered, such as 1) who is from 2014-2017. This series shows the daily life of
speaking, 2) in what language, 3) to whom, 4) two married couples who live as neighbours. The
when, and 5) for what purpose (Fishman, 1967). series was nominated twice at the Asian Television
Thompson (1997) also states that pragmatic Awards for the Best Comedy Program category.
competency materials are knowledge of the And TV series “Bajaj Bajuri” is a leading
structure and form of language; various exchanges Indonesian sitcom (Live-Action Cinema) and the
of vocabulary, registers, and formulas; and longest-running Ramadan soap opera. This soap
knowing how to behave in a given social context. opera was aired on Trans TV (2002-2006).
Several previous research studies show that This study uses Hymes’ theory regarding the
Japanese kandoushi and interjection in Sundanese factors that mark a speech event which consists of
have similarity that the emotive interjection in SPEAKING (Settings and Scenes, Participants,
Japanese and Sundanese shows other feelings Ends, Act Sequences, Keys, Instrumentalities,
(Natasya, 2019), and Djomi’s (2017) study found Norms of Interaction and Interpretation, and
that kandoushi feelings of surprise often appear in Genre) and Kandoushi study by Masuoka and
comics. Moreover, Isnavia’s (2019) study, Takubo (1989), Namatame (1996), and Takano (in
examined kandoushi yobikake and recommended Sudjianto, 2003). Then, to examine Indonesian
other types of kandoushi for study. language interjections, this study uses the theory of
Considering the classification of kandoushi interjections by Kridalaksana (1994) and Alwi,
based on its use as a sign of feelings (kandou), this Darjowidjojo, Lapoliwa, and Moeliono (2000).
study will focus on expressions of surprise in terms The data collection technique used was a
of its meaning and usage. This study aims to literature study, namely finding and collecting
analyse from a pragmatic perspective where the reference books and literature relevant to kandoushi
data is not only taken from comics and novels but in Japanese and interjections in Indonesian; and
will also be taken from TV shows and short films observation, namely observing by watching anime
where some direct dialogues or conversations have and TV series where there is data that the writer
direct speaker expressions, to make it easier to will examine. To take dialogues that contain
understand the use of kandoushi and interjections. kandoushi and interjections, the writer listens and
reads the dialogue text several times by repeating it
many times, then writes the dialogue into a book
METHOD and turns it into a written transcript.
The data analysis techniques are (1) collecting
The method used in this research is a descriptive jitsurei from various sources using the note-taking
method which is a combination of two types of technique; (2) making data classification; (3)
methods, namely descriptive analysis, and analyzing data with Hymes’ theory regarding the
contrastive analysis. factors that mark a speech event which consists of
SPEAKING (Setting and Scene, Participants,
Ends, Act Sequence, Key, Instrumentalities, Norm

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A Contrastive Analysis of Emotive Interjection (Kandoushi) in Japanese and Indonesian

of Interaction and Interpretation, and Genre); (4) graduated from college and depends on
comparing the use and meaning with the remittances from his parents and irregular part-
replacement and insertion techniques; (5) time jobs.
concludes inductively about the use and meaning (1) 海崎 ：もしもし
of kandoushi in Japanese and interjections in 母 ：どげんやったんな就職試験の結果は！？
Indonesian. 海崎 ：だめちゃった。
母 ：はー！？なんで？
海崎 ：知らんが、落ちたもんは落ちたんじゃけぇ
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 母 ：へー
(ReLIFE, eps. 1, 00:01:44)
Kaizaki: Moshi moshi
Kandoushi was analysed using the theory of
Haha: Dogen yattanna shuushoku shiken no kekka wa!?
Masuoka and Takubo (1993), and Namatame Kaizaki: Damechatta.
(1996) and Terada (in Sudjianto, 2003). Based on Haha: Haa!? Nande?
the results of data analysis, the meaning and use of Kaizaki: Shiranga, ochita mon wa ochitannjakee
the interjection of feeling surprised were found in Haha: Hey
several conversations in the anime “ReLIFE”, and --------------
showed the use of kandoushi of feeling surprised. Kaizaki: “Hello.”
Mother: “How was the result of the job interview!?”
The Meaning and Use of the Emotive Kaizaki: “Failed.”
Mother: “Huh!? Why?”
Interjection in Kandoushi Japanese Kaizaki: “How would I know, failure is a failure.”
Mother: “Uhhh.”
In the anime “ReLIFE” there were several
conversations that contains kandoushi. The Analysis:
following are some words of Japanese Emotive Settings and Scenes
Interjections (kandoushi) along with direct The setting of place and time (setting) of the
sentences in the form of a conversation with an conversational data (1) is at night on Kaizaki’s way
explanation of the situation as well as an analysis home from a drinking party with his friends. The
of the use and meaning of kandoushi using the conversation took place verbally over the phone.
kandoushi classification theory of Masuoka and Participants
Takubo (1993), Namatame (1996), and Terada (in In data (1), Mrs. Kaizaki is the speaker (participant
Sudjianto, 2003, p. 110) in analysing the data and 1) and Kaizaki is the speech partner (participant 2).
classifying the use of kandoushi is a feeling of The relationship between mother and Kaizaki is
surprise and its meaning in terms of feelings or that of mother and son.
emotions. Here’s one example of his analysis of Ends: purpose and goal
Data 1. The intent and purpose (ends) of this conversation
is that Kaizaki’s mother asks about the results of
Data 1 (anime ‘ReLIFE’)
Kaizaki’s job interview.
Situation:
On his way home from drinking with his friends, Act Sequence
Kaizaki suddenly got a call from his mother from The form of speech (act sequence) in the
his hometown. With a very loud voice without conversation above is a form of locutionary act
asking about Kaizaki’s condition at first, his because this utterance has a meaning according to
mother called intending to ask about the results of the phrase or sentence. During the conversation,
the job interview that Kaizaki participated in. Kaizaki’s mother asks about the results of
However, feeling lazy and tired, Kaizaki told his Kaizaki’s job interview.
mother that he had failed the job interview. Key
Suddenly, his mother was shocked and asked why The tone used in the conversation here is Kazuki’s
it failed to be like that. But Kaizaki replied casually mother as the speaker utters in a high tone which
that if it fails, it means it’s a failure. Her answer shows the speaker is surprised at the speech
also made Kaizaki’s mother respond in surprise partner’s expression. Then, Mrs. Kaizaki
and surprise at her answer. Moreover, Kaizaki has responded to Kaizaki’s answer in a tone that
been unemployed for a long time since he

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Vol. 07, No. 02, December 2022, pp. 122-132

indicated that Mrs. Kaizaki, as the speaker, was The Meaning and Use of Emotive
astonished and surprised at his partner’s words. Interjections in Indonesian Interjections
Instrumentalities
The variety of language (instrumentalities) used in In the Indonesian TV series “Tetangga Masa Gitu?”
the conversation above is non-formal. This can be and “Bajaj Bajuri” there were found several
seen from the relationship between Kaizaki and his conversations to be interjected with the feelings of
mother, as mother and son. This can be seen from surprise. Here are some words of emotive
the examples, namely “shuushoku shiken no kekka interjection based on Alwi et al.’s theory (2000),
wa!?”, “dame chatta” and sentences that do not use and the classification of the interjection of
polite form (teineigo) or the ending -desu or -masu. Kridalaksana (1994). The use of emotive
Norms of Interaction and Interpretation interjections and their meanings in terms of
The norm or rule in the conversation (Data 1) is the feelings or emotions were also classified.
relationship between mother and son.
Genres Data 38 (TV Series ‘Bajaj Bajuri’)
Situation:
The delivery used in the data (Data 1) is an
During a day in the month of Ramadan, Oneng had
ordinary telephone conversation.
a customer visiting his salon. The customer is Mila,
Meaning and usage who is also Oneng’s neighbour. During the service,
In conversation Data (1) that two interjections Mila asked Oneng to use a cream bath made from
appear, namely kandoushi “haa” and “hee” which avocado. However, Oneng was confused about
were said by Mrs. Kaizaki. Then the kandoushi has how to know which ingredients were made or
their uses based on the conversation (Data 1), tasted like avocado. Mila tells Oneng that there is
Kandoushi “haa” can be translated as “hah”, “what”, writing on the package and you don’t need to taste
or “ah” in Indonesian. Kandoushi “haa” shows it, which Oneng forgets and remembers because it
feelings of protest, doubt, and suspicion as he is already has already written, praising Mila’s
surprised by the speech and appearance of the intelligence.
other person and asks back what the other person Mila : “Mpok, Mila nanti Cream bathnya
said. During the conversation, Kaizaki’s mother pake sari alpuket yah.”
was shocked and surprised at the news that Kaizaki Oneng : “Emang lu gak puasa?”
failed the job interview. This can be seen with the Mila : “Puasa, Mpok.”
Oneng : “Terus siapa yang mau nyobain?”
word “nande”. In the case of Data 1, kandoushi
Mila : “Nyobain apaan?”
“haa” is an interjection of feeling surprised that Oneng : “Ya entu nyobain cream bathnya
expresses surprise at the speech partner’s mana yang alpuket mana yang
expression and kandoushi “haa” is used to bukan.”
reconfirm the speech partner’s expression. Mila : “Kan, ada tulisannya.”
Oneng : “Oh, iye lu pinter Mil. Gue lupa.”
Kandoushi “hee” in Indonesian can be translated (Oneng takes a cream bath)
into “hah”, “what”, and “eh”. Kandoushi “Hey?” Oneng : “Ah… Gua ga punya cream bath
expresses feelings of surprise and astonishment at alpuket. Punya ini nih, lu mau
the answers or remarks received. During the nggak?”
conversation, Kaizaki’s mother was surprised at “Tuh A-VO-CA-DO.
Kaizaki’s answer when asked why he failed. In the Mila : …..
case of Data 1, kandoushi “hee” is an interjection of (TV Series ‘Bajaj Bajuri’, eps 226, 00:09:55)
a feeling of surprise that expresses surprise at the ----------------------------------------
(38)
speech partner’s expression.
Mila : “Mom, Mila will use avocado juice
From the results of the data that has been for Cream bath later.”
analysed, it is found that the emotive interjection Oneng : “Are you not fasting?”
(kandoushi) of Japanese showed meanings that Mila : “Fasting, Mpok.”
expressed a feeling of surprise, pleasure, Oneng : “Then who wants to try it?”
admiration, astonishment, annoyance, confusion, Mila : “What are you trying?”
and distress. Oneng : “Yes, of course, try the cream bath,
which one is the avocado, which
one isn’t.”
Mila : “Well, there is writen.”

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A Contrastive Analysis of Emotive Interjection (Kandoushi) in Japanese and Indonesian

Oneng : “Oh, yes, you are smart. I forgot.” non-formal, for example, the use of “elu” and non-
(Oneng takes a cream bath) standard language.
Oneng : “Ah… I don’t have avocado cream
bath. Have this, do you want it or Norms of Interaction and Interpretation
not?” The norms or rules in the conversation data (38)
“That’s A-VO-CA-DO. are the norms used in the neighbourhood.
Milla : …..
(TV Series ‘Bajaj Bajuri’, eps 226, 00:09:55) Genres
The delivery used in the data (38) is an ordinary
Analysis: direct conversation.
Settings and Scenes
The setting of place and time (setting) of the Meaning and usage
conversation data (38) is during the afternoon in In conversation (38), two interjections appear,
the month of Ramadan at Oneng’s house, which namely “oh” and “ah”. Then the interjections data
also opens a salon business at his house. The (38) have their uses based on the conversation
conversation took place orally. including, Interjection “oh”. The interjection “oh”
can be translated as “aa”, “maa”, “oo”, “yaa”, or
Participants “ara” in Japanese.
In the data (38), Mila is the speaker (participant 1)
and Oneng is the speech partner (participant 2). The interjection “oh” expresses the expression
The relationship between them is that of friends of knowing something. Here Oneng realizes
and neighbours at the same time. something after hearing Mila’s words. In the case
of Data (38), the interjection “oh” is an emotive
Ends: purpose and goal interjection that expresses admiration, and the
The intent and purpose (ends) of this conversation interjection “oh” is used to conclude something
is that Mila, who visited Oneng’s salon as a about the speech partner’s expression. The
customer, wants to do a cream bath using avocado interjection also expresses bewilderment if it is not
cream bath. received well. For mishearing, difficulty,
Act Sequence ambiguity, and ambiguity in speech. Because the
The form of speech (act sequence) in the basic principle of “relevance” must be met by
conversation above is a form of illocutionary act, utterances, it is the target of the other party Sperber
because this utterance has a specific purpose or & Wilson, 1986; Kohno, 2019).
function that makes the speech partner do The interjection “ah” can be translated as “yaa”,
something. The utterances here are direct because “maa”, “aa”, “ara”, or “oo” in Japanese. The
Mila as a speaker conveys something to Oneng as interjection “ah” expresses difficulty. In addition,
her speech partner. “ah” also shows when someone thinks he is unable
to do something. For example, Oneng is having a
Key hard time here because the product Mila wants
The tone of voice said by Oneng above shows that doesn’t exist, and is at the same time surprised by
Oneng both concluded and was surprised at the the situation. In the case data (38), the interjection
words of the speaker, namely Mila. Oneng realized “ah” is an interjection of a feeling of surprise which
that to know the taste of her product, she could just expresses distress over the speech partner’s
look at the packaging without having to taste it expression.
directly. After that, Oneng’s other words showed From the results of the data that has been
that she was troubled and surprised at the existing analysed, it is found that emotive interjection in
situation, namely, there was no avocado-flavoured Indonesian has the meaning of expressing a feeling
cream bath, because the packaging said of pleasure, admiration, annoyance, sympathy,
“avocado”, which means avocado in English. and relief, and also reveals astonishment and
Instrumentalities confusion.
The variety of language (instrumentalities) used in
the conversation above is non-formal. This can be Similarities and Differences of Japanese
seen from the relationship between Mila and and Indonesian Interjection (Kandoushi)
Oneng as neighbours and friends, even though they
are also salon owners and customers. This can be The following is an example of an interjection
seen from the language used, which is slang and expressing feelings of joy in Data (8) (anime

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Vol. 07, No. 02, December 2022, pp. 122-132

‘ReLife’) and Data (26) (TV Series ‘Tetangga Masa Analysis:

Gitu?’). Settings and Scenes
The setting of place and time (setting) of the
Example: conversation data (8) is during the lunch break in
Data 8 (anime ‘ReLIFE’) the classroom. The conversation takes place orally.
Situation: Participants
When recess started, Kaizaki was suddenly invited In data (8), Onoya is the speaker (participant 1) and
by Onoya to have lunch together. Then, Ooga, Kaizaki (participant 2), Ooga is the third speaker
who also wanted to join them, discussed the study (participant 3), then Karui is the fourth speaker
plan together. Then, Ooga asked Karui to have (participant 4). The relationship between the four
lunch together too, but Karui couldn’t because he of them was that of classmates.
was about to eat with his volleyball club friend,
Ends: purpose and goal
Tamarai. The intent and purpose (ends) of this conversation
is that Onoya invites Kaizaki to have lunch
together, followed by Ooga who wants to join
大野 : 海崎くん、もしかして学食？お昼一 (1)
them.
緒に食べない？
海崎 : えっ？ えっと。 Act Sequence
(海崎の考えで) The form of speech (act sequence) in the
海崎 :こういう事態は、俺はぼっち飯回避 conversation above is a form of the illocutionary
できてありがたいけど、高校生が男 act, because this utterance is in the form of a
女二人で飯って、小野屋さんからか statement that has the objective of making the
われたりしちゃうんじゃ‥？ interlocutor perform an activity. And this remark
大賀 : オレも一緒いい？せっかくだし、 was commissioned because it was Onoya who
さっそく再試対策でもする？ invited Kaizaki to have lunch together. Kaizaki’s
小野屋 : おお、いいね。助かる。 response to Onoya’s invitation was surprised at the
海崎 : ナイスだ、チャラ大賀。 woman’s invitation to lunch.
大賀 : おお、狩生も一緒に行かない？ Key
狩生 : あたし、ほのか... たまらいさんと The tone used in the conversation here is that
食べるから。 Kaizaki as the speaker, shows a tone saying that he
大賀 : お、バレー部の。残念。 is surprised and amazed at being invited to lunch
by a woman, then Onoya as the speaker shows that
he is enthusiastic about the idea of his speech
Ooga: “Kaizaki, are you going to the cafeteria? Let’s
have lunch together, shall we?” partner, namely Ooga.
Kaizaki: “Eh? Hmmm.” (In Kaizaki’s heart) Instrumentalities
Kaizaki: “In a situation like this I’m glad I don’t
The variety of language (instrumentalities) used by
have to eat alone. But if I’m alone with
high school students, it could be that
Kaizaki, Ooga, and Onoya is non-formal language
Onoya just wants to tease me.” or dictionary form (futsukei). This can be seen from
Ooga: “Can I come too? We all make a study plan the use of sentences that form the ending -da for
for the remedial test.” non-formal language and also the use of foreign
Onoya: “Oh, good. So, help.” languages, namely “naisu”.
Onoya: “That’s great, Ooga.”
Ooga : Ah, Karui wants to come too? Norms of Interaction and Interpretation
Onoya: “I, already want to eat with Honoka... with The norms or rules in the conversation above are
Tamarai.” norms that are only used in the school
Ooga: Oh, volleyball club. Too bad.” environment.
(ReLIFE, eps. 2, 00:05.30)
Genres
The delivery used in the data above is an ordinary
conversation that is carried out orally.

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A Contrastive Analysis of Emotive Interjection (Kandoushi) in Japanese and Indonesian

Meaning and usage Bintang: “Aku nyiapin sarapan buat kamu,

In conversation (Data 8), four kandoushi appear, bangun!”
namely “e”, “etto”, “oo” and “o”. Then the Bastian: “Wih!”
kandoushi have their uses based on the “Wah, kamu tuh bener bener istri idaman. Pagi
pagi udah buatin sarapan buat suaminya. Baik
conversation. banget sih kamu. Makasih yah sayang yahh.”
Kandoushi “e” can be translated as “eh”, “what”, Bintang:”Aku masak semua ini sendiri, lho. Semoga
or “yah” in Indonesian. Kandoushi “e” expresses kamu suka yah.”
Bastian: “Yaelah, Bi. Apapun masakannya kalo kamu
surprise because of something that doesn’t make
yang masak, aku pasti suka. Kan, kamu tahu
sense. Here Kaizaki is surprised at Onoya who pemakan segala. Asal jangan yang pedes aja.”
suddenly ask to have lunch together and Kaizaki ----------------------------------------
feels weird about just eating alone with women. In Bintang: “Bass!! Bass!! Bastian”
this case, kandoushi “e” is an interjection of feeling Bastian: “What’up, Bi? It’s a holiday.”
surprised which expresses surprise at the attitude of Bintang: “I prepared breakfast for you!”
the speech partner. Bastian: “Hah?”
Kandoushi “etto” can be translated as “hhmm” in Bintang: “I prepared breakfast for you, wake up!”
Indonesian. Kandoushi “etto” expresses the Bastian: “Wih!”
“Wow, you are the ideal wife. You made
condition that the speaker thinks about something. breakfast for your husband in the early
In Kaizaki’s conversation, it feels strange to just eat morning. You’re so good. Thank you
together so it makes Kaizaki think first. In this dear..yahh.”
case, kandoushi “etto” is an interjection of feeling Bintang: “I cook all of this myself, you know. I
surprised that is used to conclude something. hope you like it.”
Kandoushi “oo” can be translated into “oh”, Bastian: “Well, Bi. Whatever you cook, I will like
“ah”, and “ouch” in Indonesian. Kandoushi “oo” it. I know you..you can eat everything,
expresses a deep feeling toward a matter, situation, but just don’t be spicy.”
(‘Tetangga Masa Gitu?’, eps. 2 part 1, 00:00:00)
or event. Kandoushi “oo” which Onoya uttered
shows that Onoya is very enthusiastic about deep
Analysis:
things or in the conversation there is Ooga who
Settings and Scenes
joins in and talks about studying together. In this
The setting of place and time (setting) of the
case, kandoushi “oo” is an interjection of feeling
conversational data (40) is during the day at
surprised to express feelings of pleasure and Bastian and Bintang’s new home after they just got
kandoushi “oo” is used to show approval.
married and decided to live in their new house. The
Kandoushi “o” can be translated as “oh” or “ah”
conversation takes place orally.
in Indonesian. Kandoushi “o” has the meaning of
realizing something, feeling surprised, feeling Participants
happy, surprised, and unexpected. In In the data above, Bastian is the speaker
conversation, Ooga didn’t expect that Karui would (participant 1) and Bintang is the speech partner
already be eating with someone else. In this case, (participant 2). The relationship between Bastian
kandoushi “o” is an interjection of feeling surprised and Bintang is a husband and wife relationship.
that is used when realising something. Ends: purpose and goal
The intent and purpose of this conversation are
Data 26 (Indonesian TV Series ‘Tetangga Masa that Bastian surprises Bintang, although it is not
Gitu?’) surprising or Bintang already knows about it.
Situation: Act Sequence
In the morning, Bintang woke Bastian who was The form of speech (act sequence) in the
still sleeping in the morning. Bintang deliberately conversation above is a form of the illocutionary
prepares breakfast for Bastian. Bastian woke up act, because this utterance states something for the
and saw the food prepared was spicy food, which hearer to do something for the purpose of the
Bastian didn’t like. speaker. Bintang woke Bastian up so he would
Bintang: “Bass!! Bass!! Bastian” wake up and eat the breakfast he had made.
Bastian: “Apa sih, Bi? Ini kan hari libur.” Bastian was surprised and at the same time
Bintang: “Aku nyiapin sarapan nih buat kamu, tuh!” surprised why he woke up so early on Sunday, but
Bastian: “Hah?”

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JAPANEDU: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang
Vol. 07, No. 02, December 2022, pp. 122-132

followed by Bastian, who was happy because interjection “wow” is an interjection of feeling
Bintang prepared breakfast for him. surprised which expresses admiration for the
attitude of the speech partner.
Key
The interjection “what the hell” actually comes
Bastian’s tone of voice showed that he was
from a simple interjection, namely “what”, and if
surprised and annoyed at Bintang’s attitude when
he woke up very early on Sunday. But Bastian translated into Indonesian, it becomes “nani”. This
becomes happy with Bintang who has prepared interjection is included in the derivative
interjection. During the conversation, Bastian was
him breakfast and admires Bintang as his wife.
surprised and annoyed that Bintang had woken
Instrumentalities him up so early during the weekend. In this case,
The variety of language (instrumentalities) used in the interjection “what the hell” is an interjection of
the conversation above is non-formal. The feeling surprised which expresses annoyance at the
husband-and-wife relationship makes the language attitude of the addressee. Table 1 shows findings of
used not standard or informal. It can be seen from the meaning and usage of emotive interjections in
the non-standard vocabulary, namely “really”. Japanese kandoushi.
Norms of Interaction and Interpretation
Table 1: Meaning and Usage of Emotive Interjection in
The norms or rules in the conversation above are Japanese Kandoushi.
the norms used in the family environment,
between husband and wife. No Meaning Usage
Express feelings of To confirm a
Genres 1
pleasure statement
The delivery used in the data above is an ordinary To conclude
2 Express admiration
direct conversation. something
To protest against
Meaning and usage 3 Express astonishment
the speech partner
In conversation (Data 26), four interjections Expressing To realize
appear, namely “hah”, “wow”, “wah”, and “what the 4
annoyance something
heck” uttered by Bastian. Then the interjections 5 Expresses confusion To show approval
have their uses based on the conversation, To attract the
including the interjection “hah” which can be 6 Reveals trouble attention of the
translated as “ee” in Japanese. The interjection speech partner
“hah” expresses a feeling of surprise and shows a
situation when someone does not believe in The TV series ‘Tetangga Masa Gitu?’ and ‘Bajaj
something that is seen or that doesn’t make sense. Bajuri’ found several conversations that contained
For example, Bastian is surprised and feels strange the interjection of feelings of surprise. In analysing
when Bintang wakes him up so early on a holiday. the interjections, the theory of the types of
In this case, the interjection “hah” is an interjection interjections put forward by Alwi, et al. (2000), the
of feeling surprised which is used to reconfirm the classification of interjections according to
speech partner’s expression. Kridalaksana (1994). The following are the
findings about the meaning and use of emotive
The interjection “wih” can be translated as interjections in Indonesian in Table 2.
“uwaa” in Japanese. The interjection “wih”
expresses a feeling of surprise which shows a Table 2: Meaning of Emotive Interjection in Indonesian
feeling of pleasure. Here Bastian is surprised and Interjection.
happy to see the breakfast that is directly in front of
No Meaning Usage
him. In this case, the interjection “wih” is an
Express feelings of To ensure to return
interjection of feeling surprised which expresses 1
pleasure to a statement
feelings of pleasure towards the attitude of the To conclude
speech partner. 2 Express admiration
something
The interjection “wah” can be translated as Express To protest against
“maa” in Japanese. The interjection “wow” 3
astonishment the speech partner
expresses a feeling of surprise which shows an Expressing To realize
4
emotive interjection of awe. Here Bastian is annoyance something
amazed at Bintang who has deliberately prepared 5 Expresses confusion To show approval
breakfast and wakes him up. In this case, the 6 Reveals trouble To express gratitude

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Prasetya Maulana Yasin, Linna Meilia Rasiban, Aep Saeful Bachri,
A Contrastive Analysis of Emotive Interjection (Kandoushi) in Japanese and Indonesian

A comparison of the meaning and use of the In addition, it was found that there are other
emotive interjection in Japanese kandoushi and in similarities between the emotive interjection in
Indonesian interjection which have similarities in Japanese kandoushi and Indonesian interjection as
Table 3. follows.
Table 3 shows that in Japanese kandoushi and 1. Expressing expressions in the form of
the Indonesian interjection of the feeling of impressions or feelings of surprise and other
surprise, other impression meanings exist in the feelings.
interjection of the feeling of surprise, such as 2. Used to express the impression of surprise, as
feelings of joy, admiration, astonishment, well as being used for other things.
annoyance, confusion, and distress. 3. The meaning of an interjection is influenced by
accent and intonation.
Table 3: Equation of the meaning of the emotive 4. Can stand alone, not included in the subject,
interjection in Japanese kandoushi and Indonesian predicate, or object.
interjection. 5. Can be used as a question sentence without
Equation of Japanese Indonesian adding a question word
meaning kandoushi interjection 6. Free morphemes can be formed.
Express feelings of After discussing the similarities of the
〇 〇
pleasure
interjections of the feeling surprised in Japanese
Express admiration 〇 〇
kandoushi and Indonesian interjections, it was
Express
astonishment
〇 〇 found that both of them have differences in terms
Expressing of meaning as seen in Table 5 and terms of usage
〇 〇 in sentences as seen in Table 6.
annoyance
Expresses confusion 〇 〇
Reveals trouble 〇 〇 Table 5: The difference in the meaning of the emotive
interjection in Japanese kandoushi and Indonesian
interjection.
Besides the similarity between the use of
emotive interjections in Japanese kandoushi and Japanese Indonesian
Meaning
Indonesian interjections in Table 4. kandoushi interjection
Express sympathy × 〇
Table 4: Equation of the usage of the emotive Reveals relief × 〇
interjection in Japanese kandoushi and Indonesian
interjection. Other than the similarity of meaning in the
Japanese Indonesian Japanese kandoushi and Indonesian interjection,
Usage Equation both also have different meanings. For example, in
kandoushi interjection
To make sure to Indonesian, some interjections express sympathy
〇 〇 and a sense of relief, but in Japanese there are no
return to a statement
To conclude surprised interjections that express sympathy and
〇 〇 relief.
something
To protest against The difference of usage of emotive interjection
〇 〇
the speech partner in Japanese kandoushi and Indonesian interjection
To realize something 〇 〇 are as shown in Table 6.
To show approval 〇 〇
To make sure to Table 6: The difference in usage of the emotive
〇 〇
return to a statement interjection in Japanese kandoushi and Indonesian
interjection.
Table 4 Japanese kandoushi and Indonesian Japanese Indonesian
interjection. The feeling of surprise is used for Usage
kandoushi interjection
something other than expressing a feeling of To attract the
surprise by the speaker. The similarities of use attention of the × 〇
found in the data that have been analyzed are to speech partner
reconfirm a statement, to conclude something, to To express
protest against the speech partner, to understand gratitude
× 〇
something, and to show approval.

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JAPANEDU: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang
Vol. 07, No. 02, December 2022, pp. 122-132

In addition to the similarity of use in the the same use, which is used to confirm the speech
Japanese kandoushi interjection of feeling surprised partner’s expression, to conclude, to express
and the Indonesian interjection, both of them have protest against the speech partner, to be aware of
different uses, particularly that in the Indonesian something, and to show approval.
interjection there is an interjection used to express The limitation of this study is that the data
gratitude, while no Japanese kandoushi showed to studied is very limited and only examines the
express gratitude. interjection in terms of feelings/impressions of
It was found that there are other differences surprise. Therefore, for further research, it is
between the emotive interjection in Japanese expected to research form, meaning, and the use of
kandoushi and the Indonesian interjection as seen other interjections. Then in terms of phonology,
in Table 7. this study was not studied, so it is recommended to
examine the meaning or sound of a kandoushi and
Table 7: Difference between the emotive interjection in interjections. The data sources used only use anime
Japanese kandoushi and Indonesian interjection. and TV series whose stories are only set in time and
Indonesian place and the conditions of the speakers are
No Japanese kandoushi limited. For further research, it is expected to be
interjection
In the interjection, able to retrieve the interjection data contained in
Kandoushi only stands there is a derivative conversations that have varied stories.
alone and cannot be interjection, in
put together in other which the
1
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