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IC engine

I C engine detailed lecture

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Abdur Rehman Jan
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6 views

IC engine

I C engine detailed lecture

Uploaded by

Abdur Rehman Jan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AD 123 I.

C Engine dated 28 sep 2024

Engine operations

Stroke;
A stroke refers to the full travel of the piston along the cylinder, in either direction.
The four separate strokes are termed: Intake: Also known as induction or suction. This
stroke of the piston begins at top dead center (T.D.C.) and ends at bottom dead center
(B.D.C.).
A four-stroke (also four-cycle) engine is an internal combustion (IC) engine in which
the piston completes four separate strokes while turning the crankshaft. A stroke refers to
the full travel of the piston along the cylinder, in either direction. The four separate strokes
are termed:
1. Intake: Also known as induction or suction. This stroke of the piston begins at top
dead center (T.D.C.) and ends at bottom dead center (B.D.C.). In this stroke the
intake valve must be in the open position while the piston pulls an air-fuel mixture
into the cylinder by producing a partial vacuum (negative pressure) in the cylinder
through its downward motion.
2. Compression: This stroke begins at B.D.C, or just at the end of the suction stroke,
and ends at T.D.C. In this stroke the piston compresses the air-fuel mixture in
preparation for ignition during the power stroke (below). Both the intake and
exhaust valves are closed during this stage.
3. Combustion: Also known as power or ignition. This is the start of the second
revolution of the four stroke cycle. At this point the crankshaft has completed a full
360 degree revolution. While the piston is at T.D.C. (the end of the compression
stroke) the compressed air-fuel mixture is ignited by a spark plug (in a gasoline
engine) or by heat generated by high compression (diesel engines), forcefully
returning the piston to B.D.C. This stroke produces mechanical work from the engine
to turn the crankshaft.
4. Exhaust: Also known as outlet. During the exhaust stroke, the piston, once again,
returns from B.D.C. to T.D.C. while the exhaust valve is open. This action expels the
spent air-fuel mixture through the exhaust port.
Clearance Volume
This is the total volume remaining in the cylinder at the end of the piston stroke. This
consists of the volume between the end of the piston and the cylinder head.
Compression ratio

The compression ratio is the ratio between the volume of the cylinder and combustion
chamber in an internal combustion engine at their maximum and minimum values.

A fundamental specification for such engines, it is measured two ways: the static
compression ratio, calculated based on the volume of the cylinder when the piston is at
the bottom of its stroke, and the volume of the cylinder when the piston is at the top of its
stroke.[1]
The dynamic compression ratio is a more advanced calculation which also takes into
account gases entering and exiting the cylinder during the compression phase.

Petrol engines
In petrol (gasoline) engines used in passenger cars for the past 20 years, compression ratios
have typically been between 8:1 and 12:1. Several production engines have used higher
compression ratios,

Diesel engines
[edit]
Diesel engines use higher compression ratios than petrol engines, because the lack of a
spark plug means that the compression ratio must increase the temperature of the air in the
cylinder sufficiently to ignite the diesel using compression ignition. Compression ratios are
often between 14:1 and 23:1 for direct injection diesel engines, and between 18:1 and 23:1
for indirect injection diesel engines.

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