VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI – 590018

A Project Synopsis on
“FLOOD MONITORING AND ALERT SYSTEM

USING IOT”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Subject: PROJECT WORK PHASE 1 [18CSP77]

Submitted By
ABHIJITH RAJENDRAN (4JK19CS001)
ALBIN JOSEPH (4JK19CS007)
ATHUL SHAJI
(4JK19CS011) SIRIUS THOMAS MATHEW
(4JK19CS053)

Under the guidance of

Mr. Arul N
Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Science & Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

A. J. INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY NH-66, KOTTARA CHOWKI,
MANGALURU – 575006
2022 – 2023
Flood Monitoring and Alert System using IoT

CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................1
2. BRIEF LITERATURE SURVEY....................................................................................2
3. PROBLEM FORMULATION.........................................................................................4
3.1 Problem Formulation......................................................................................................4
3.2 Objectives......................................................................................................................4
3.3 Methodology.................................................................................................................5
4. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS...................................................6
4.1 Hardware Requirements................................................................................................6
4.2 Software Requirements.................................................................................................6
4.3 Software Interfaces…...................................................................................................6
5. APPLICATIONS..............................................................................................................7
6. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES...................................................................8
6.1 Advantages…...............................................................................................................8
6.2 Disadvantages…..........................................................................................................8

REFERENCES......................................................................................................................9

Dept. of CSE,AJIET,Mangaluru
Flood Monitoring and Alert System Using IoT

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Flood occurs when water overflows from the river, lake or from heavy rainfall and it can happen
at any time of the year. Flooding can be very dangerous, when floods happen in an area that
people live, the water carries along objects like houses, cars, furniture and even people. It can
wipe away property, trees and many more heavy items. Due to this flooding has occurred in
major rivers occupied areas and hilly regions like Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Vishakhapatnam,
Mumbai, Gujarat, and other regions of India. In this proposed model with the help of an
intelligent sensor system, we are going to keep a close watch over various natural factors to
predict a flood, so we can embrace ourselves for caution, and minimize the damage caused by
the flood. To eliminate or lessen the impacts of the flood, the system uses various natural factors
like temperature, humidity, and water raise in level.

Flood is one of the natural disasters that cannot be avoided. It happens too fast and affected so
many lives and properties. Before this, most of the existing system that has been developed are
only focus on certain areas. Other than that, majority of the public cannot monitor and have no
idea when the flood going to be happened since they do not have any information and data about
the weather condition. This system is suitable for cities and village areas. Furthermore, if the
public has an internet access, they can monitor what is happening and predict if there is any
upcoming flood at the web server. This project will update the water level at the web server and
the system will issue an alert signal to the citizens for evacuation so that fast necessary actions
can be taken.

The same methodology has been applied in the research where it can be used by other
developing countries to come up with knowledge specific to their countries as well. As a
solution we introduce a model that classifies and detects the flood accurately in a short period of
time so that residents get a quick alert based on the flood detection sensor. We detect the flood
by using the sensor data set.

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Flood Monitoring and Alert System Using IoT

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Flood Monitoring and Alert System Using IoT

CHAPTER 2

BRIEF LITERATURE SURVEY

 “Development of Flood Monitoring System using WSN and IoT based on Cloud [1] :” B.
Pallavi C, Computer Science, 2017.

Using N-mote and N-gateway, sensor data such as temperature, humidity, rainfall rate and water
level can be sent to cloud and if threshold values of the environmental conditions increases, the
warning message can be received and sent to responsible authorities and people lives in a flood
prone region. The impact towards mankind Flooding is the most common natural disaster.
Floods have been known to do significant damage. There are many sophisticated system
widely in practice by organizations and responsible authorities in monitoring flood level
in flood prone regions. Most of these devices are very costly to be used and maintained.
The proposed system using N-mote and N-gateway, sensor data such as temperature,
humidity, rainfall rate and water level can be sent to cloud and if threshold values of the
environmental conditions increases, the warning message can be sent to responsible
authorities and people lives in a flood prone region. Such a system enables both private
and government organizations to work on their emergency evacuation and mitigation
plans for a safer move before the flood situation get worse.

 “A Flood level indicator and risk warning system for remote location monitoring using Flood
Observatory System [2] :” Siva Kumar Subramaniam, Vigneswara Rao Gannapathy, Sivarao
Subramonian, Abdul Hamid Hamidon , WSEAS Transactions on Systems and Control 5 (3), 153-
163, 2010.

Flooding is a great treat towards mankind as it is also considered one of the most devastating
natural disasters in the world. Flooding is not any abnormal scenario worldwide, since flooding
results in great damages to agriculture land, residential area and even cities with high cost in lives
and towards the economy of the country. The government has to spend tons of money in flood
mitigation plans in afford to help the victims and also to reduce the number in the long run. Most of
the flood mitigating plans has high cost and only can be implemented base on priority.

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Flood Monitoring and Alert System Using IoT
L
 Baring the cost and safety measures, this paper highlights the Flood Observatory System
(FOS) as a warning and alert system to efficiently monitor the critical flood prone areas
in real time basis. FOS can be deployed in flood prone areas in afford to create a well-
used standard for remote flood observation systems. The ability to receive real time
information on flood level empowers both government and private organizations to react
to imminent danger in an effective manner. With the real time flood information, allows
public safety organizations and other emergency managers to effectively plan their
resource deployment within the limited time of alert. Warning as flood rises could be
used to save life’s and properties in many ways can help such organization and
government to spend sufficient amount of money in restoration process. The simple and
practicality of a system should be useful in all means towards mankind.

 “Real-time WSN based early flood detection and control monitoring system [3] :”, Tibin
Mathew Thekkil , N. Prabakaran , Computer Science, 2017 International Conference on
Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT), 2017.

Simulation results show this real time Wireless sensor network based early flood
detection and control monitoring system designed with a function of real time
monitoring, guaranteeing connectivity in low cost. The downstream flooding from dams
due to environmental disasters leads to failure of evacuation of nearby staying peoples
cause high mortality rates and casualties. It is essential to record the height reached by the
water and leak of water through the walls of dams in real time to avoid flooding and
thereby casualties. The traditional manual monitoring are discommodious and scattered
nowadays. It has also certain shortcomings that includes high cost and poor network
connectivity. This paper presents a real time Wireless sensor network based early flood
detection and control monitoring system designed with a function of real time
monitoring, guaranteeing connectivity in low cost. This system collects data as images
from CMOS image sensors through wireless sensor nodes which transmit these images to
remote monitoring centre via Zigbee network and GSM network. The remote centre will
process the data by analyzing it and give necessary alert to clients. Simulation results
show this system is cost effective and reliable for early detection of flood.

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Flood Monitoring and Alert System Using IoT
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CHAPTER
3
PROBLEM FORMULATION

3.1 PROBLEM FORMULATION

 The aim of the project is to build an intelligent system which keeps close watch over various
natural factors to predict a flood.
 Thus we can embrace ourselves for caution, to minimize the damage caused by the flood.
 Natural disasters like a flood can be devastating leading to property damage and loss of
lives. All these conditions could be attributed to the prevalence of flood detection and alert
system.
 Floods are the leading cause of weather-related infectious disease outbreaks. Flooding
events increase the chance of spreading waterborne diseases, such as hepatitis A and
cholera.
 Flood waters typically inundate farm land, making the land unworkable and preventing
crops from being planted or harvested, which can lead to shortages of food both for humans
and farm animals.
 Entire harvests for a country can be lost in extreme flood circumstances. Some tree species
may not survive prolonged flooding of their root systems.

3.2 OBJECTIVES

 In this project, the objective is to sense the water levels at river beds and check
whether they are at a normal condition or not by using ultrasonic sensors.

 If they reach beyond the limit, then it alerts the people through internet application The data
will be uploaded to Cyanne IoT cloud at real-time.

 The data obtained through Cyanne can be used to be graphically monitor the river levels
from anywhere in the world.

 The data is stored in the cloud can be used for further studies regarding flood.

 Once the threshold water level is crossed then alert with be sent through SMS warning
people about the possibility of flood so that they can be prepared and if need evacuate the
area.

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Flood Monitoring and Alert System Using IoT
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Flood Monitoring and Alert System Using IoT

3.3 METHODOLOGY
Flood is one of the natural disasters that cannot be avoided. It happens too fast and affected so
many lives and properties. Before this, most of the existing system that has been developed are
only focus on certain areas. Other than that, majority of the public cannot monitor and have no
idea when the flood going to be happened since they do not have any information and data about
the weather condition. This system is suitable for cities and village areas. Furthermore, if the
public has an internet access, they can monitor what is happening and predict if there is any
upcoming flood at the web server. This project will update the water level at the web server and
the system will issue an alert signal to the citizens for evacuation so that fast necessary actions can
be taken.

1. The sensors placed on the river bank will monitor the water level.

2. When the water rises above the threshold level the sensor will detect it .

3. The data is sent to the iot platform cyanne and through the IoT platform the alert will be
sent.
Ultrasonic sensor keeps track of the water level.

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Flood Monitoring and Alert System Using IoT

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Flood Monitoring and Alert System Using IoT

CHAPTER 4

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

REQUIREMENTS

4.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

 RAM: 1GB or above

 Hard disk: 10 GB or above
 Processor: 2.4 GHZ or above
 Sensor: Ultrasonic Sensor.

4.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

 Front end: Java

 Back end: Cyanne Cloud

4.3 SOFTWARE INTERFACES

 Language: C++
 Microcontroller: Arduino IDE

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Flood Monitoring and Alert System Using IoT

CHAPTER 5
APPLICATIONS
 Flood Detection and Monitoring System is mainly used in flood prone areas to collect
data about varying water levels according to different situations and these data can be
used predict flooding situations which helps in reducing the flood impact.

 Flood monitoring systems also have total integration and adaptation with emergency plans.
They consume less energy and can be powered with solar energy.

 Data collected using a flood monitoring system can be used in future studies for weather
patterns and climate change. The system is a real time application useful for the weather
monitoring sectors.

 The data obtained can be used to measure the intensity and rate rainfall of a particular area.

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Flood Monitoring and Alert System Using IoT

CHAPTER 6
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
6.1 ADVANTAGES

 High reliability means consistent excellence in quality and safety across all services
maintained over long periods of time. High reliability as data is sent in real-time and timely
detection of flood risks. Tailored solutions that can easily be integrated with external
development at any level such as connectivity, user application, and device.

 Flood monitoring systems also have total integration and adaptation with emergency plans.
They consume less energy and can load monitoring systems also have total integration and
adaptation with emergency plans. They consume less energy and can be powered with solar
energy. be powered with solar energy.

 Automated flood monitoring.

 Flood monitoring system equipment is highly resilient and has a long working life span,
making it very convenient and cost-effective.

 Data collected using a flood monitoring system can be used in future studies for weather
patterns and climate change.

6.2 DISADVANTAGES

 Flood risk information can be acquired via past flood records that occurred in the area,
surveying assets and people exposed to floods, and the use of predictive modeling. It saves
the data into the database but doesn't use it, hence wasting the space. The nutrients are
estimated through percentage.

 The use of historical flood records is often unavailable. It cannot predict the flood with its
historic data.

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Detection and Diagnose of Malnutrition in Children Using Data Mining and ML

REFERENCES
[1] “Development of Flood Monitoring System using WSN and IoT based on Cloud ”
B. Pallavi C, Computer Science, 2017.

[2] “A Flood level indicator and risk warning system for remote location monitoring using
Flood Observatory System” Siva Kumar Subramaniam, Vigneswara Rao Gannapathy,
Sivarao Subramonian, Abdul Hamid Hamidon , WSEAS Transactions on Systems and
Control 5 (3), 153-163, 2010.

[3] “Real-time WSN based early flood detection and control monitoring system”, Tibin
Mathew Thekkil , N. Prabakaran , Computer Science, 2017 International Conference
on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT),
2017.

[4] “An intelligent flood monitoring system for Bangladesh using wireless sensor
network’s”. N. Sakib, Tanjea Ane, Nafisa Matin, M. S. Kaiser,Computer
Science2016 5th International Conference on Informatics, Electronics and Vision
(ICIEV)2016

[5] “Flood Monitoring and Alert System Using Wireless Sensor Network”, Muhammad
Fakhruddin Samuji Computer Science 2016

[6] “A New WSN Paradigm for Environmental Monitoring and Data Collection”, Author: Eric
Dines, Hassanain Al-Majeed, Asanka Fernando, Mutaz Abdalla, Jaydeepsinh Gohil.

[7] “A Review On Flood Monitoring And Prediction By Using WSN” simran Chaus,
lalit Wagh, prathmesh Dubey, Durgesh Karpe, dr.K.C.Nalavade.

[8] “Flood Prediction and Alerting using IoT and Machine Learning”, Manisha
Devnani,Prof. Dr. Udesang K Jaliya, Prof. Bhavesh Tanawala MTech in Software
Engineering, Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Anand, India.

[9] https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Literature-Survey-on-Flood-Prediction-and-
Alerting-Devnani.

[10] https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/

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